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Stockholders' Equity
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Stock Repurchase Activity
In March 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $10.0 billion of our common stock, with no fixed expiration, which replaced the previous $5.0 billion stock repurchase authorization, approved by the Board of Directors in February 2016. We repurchased 46.2 million shares of our common stock for $6.0 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2022 under these programs. As of June 30, 2022, we have $6.1 billion remaining under the repurchase program.
Stock Award Activity
Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying outstanding stock awards totaled 10.5 billion and 10.6 billion as of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022. These totals include all vested and unvested stock awards outstanding, including those awards we estimate will be forfeited. Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202220212022
Cost of sales$145 $213 $235 $359 
Fulfillment566 763 908 1,261 
Technology and content1,887 2,814 3,115 4,459 
Sales and marketing691 990 1,147 1,655 
General and administrative302 429 492 725 
Total stock-based compensation expense$3,591 $5,209 $5,897 $8,459 
The following table summarizes our restricted stock unit activity for the six months ended June 30, 2022 (in millions):
Number of UnitsWeighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021279.9 $134 
Units granted166.0 159 
Units vested(54.2)108 
Units forfeited(24.2)140 
Outstanding as of June 30, 2022367.5 149 
Scheduled vesting for outstanding restricted stock units as of June 30, 2022, is as follows (in millions):
 Six Months Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,  
 20222023202420252026ThereafterTotal
Scheduled vesting — restricted stock units57.7 134.5 123.3 38.0 9.8 4.2 367.5 
As of June 30, 2022, there was $26.9 billion of net unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation arrangements. This compensation is recognized on an accelerated basis with approximately half of the compensation expected to be expensed in the next twelve months, and has a remaining weighted-average recognition period of
1.1 years. The estimated forfeiture rate as of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022 was 27%. Changes in our estimates and assumptions relating to forfeitures may cause us to realize material changes in stock-based compensation expense in the future.
Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
The following table shows changes in stockholders’ equity (in millions):
Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
2021202220212022
Total beginning stockholders’ equity$103,320 $134,001 $93,404 $138,245 
Beginning common stock106 107 105 106 
Stock-based compensation and issuance of employee benefit plan stock0 0 1 1 
Ending common stock106 107 106 107 
Beginning treasury stock(1,837)(4,503)(1,837)(1,837)
Common stock repurchased— (3,334)— (6,000)
Ending treasury stock(1,837)(7,837)(1,837)(7,837)
Beginning additional paid-in capital45,060 58,691 42,765 55,437 
Stock-based compensation and issuance of employee benefit plan stock3,563 5,180 5,858 8,434 
Ending additional paid-in capital48,623 63,871 48,623 63,871 
Beginning accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(666)(2,365)(180)(1,376)
Other comprehensive income (loss)141 (2,417)(345)(3,406)
Ending accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(525)(4,782)(525)(4,782)
Beginning retained earnings60,658 82,071 52,551 85,915 
Net income (loss)7,778 (2,028)15,885 (5,872)
Ending retained earnings68,436 80,043 68,436 80,043 
Total ending stockholders’ equity$114,803 $131,402 $114,803 $131,402