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Financial Instruments
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Marketable Securities
As of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021, our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities primarily consisted of cash, AAA-rated money market funds, U.S. and foreign government and agency securities, other investment grade securities, and marketable equity securities. Cash equivalents and marketable securities are recorded at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment.
We measure the fair value of money market funds and certain marketable equity securities based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Other marketable securities were valued either based on recent trades of securities in inactive markets or based on quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. We did not hold significant amounts of marketable securities categorized as Level 3 assets as of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021.
The following table summarizes, by major security type, our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in millions):
 December 31, 2020September 30, 2021
  
Total
Estimated
Fair Value		Cost or
Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Total
Estimated
Fair Value
Cash$10,063 $10,083 $— — $10,083 
Level 1 securities:
Money market funds27,430 18,000 — — 18,000 
Equity securities (1)617 1,633 
Level 2 securities:
Foreign government and agency securities5,131 178 1 — 179 
U.S. government and agency securities7,439 5,385 15 (7)5,393 
Corporate debt securities29,988 36,775 152 (17)36,910 
Asset-backed securities3,235 5,936 17 (5)5,948 
Other fixed income securities710 714 4 (1)717 
Equity securities (1)40 361 
$84,653 $77,071 $189 $(30)$79,224 
Less: Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (2)(257)(236)
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities$84,396 $78,988 
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(1)The related unrealized gain (loss) recorded in “Other income (expense), net” was $150 million and $(116) million in Q3 2020 and Q3 2021, and $351 million and $6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021.
(2)We are required to pledge or otherwise restrict a portion of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities primarily as collateral for real estate, amounts due to third-party sellers in certain jurisdictions, debt, and standby and trade letters of credit. We classify cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities with use restrictions of less than twelve months as “Accounts receivable, net and other” and of twelve months or longer as non-current “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. See “Note 4 — Commitments and Contingencies.”
The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of our cash equivalents and marketable fixed income securities as of September 30, 2021 (in millions):
Amortized
Cost		Estimated
Fair Value
Due within one year$38,618 $38,628 
Due after one year through five years22,603 22,735 
Due after five years through ten years1,809 1,814 
Due after ten years3,958 3,970 
Total$66,988 $67,147 
Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have certain prepayment conditions.
Equity Warrants and Non-Marketable Equity Investments
We hold equity warrants giving us the right to acquire stock of other companies. As of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021, these warrants had a fair value of $3.0 billion and $3.4 billion, and are recorded within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets with gains and losses recognized in “Other income (expense), net” on our consolidated statements of operations. These warrants are primarily classified as Level 2 assets.
As of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021, equity investments not accounted for under the equity-method and without readily determinable fair values, including preferred stock of Rivian Automotive, Inc. representing an approximately 20% ownership interest, had a carrying value of $2.7 billion and $3.8 billion, and are recorded within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets with adjustments recognized in “Other income (expense), net” on our consolidated statements of operations.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Reconciliation
The following table provides a reconciliation of the amount of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions):
December 31, 2020September 30, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents$42,122 $29,944 
Restricted cash included in accounts receivable, net and other233 218 
Restricted cash included in other assets22 15 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows$42,377 $30,177