Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

The following summarizes our goodwill activity in 2019 and 2020 by segment (in millions):


	North America		International		AWS		Consolidated
Goodwill - January 1, 2019	$	12,191	$	1,270	$	1,087	$	14,548
New acquisitions	71		29		89		189
Other adjustments (1)	2		1		14		17
Goodwill - December 31, 2019	12,264		1,300		1,190		14,754
New acquisitions	204		6		2		212
Other adjustments (1)	59		(18)		10		51
Goodwill - December 31, 2020	$	12,527	$	1,288	$	1,202	$	15,017

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(1)Primarily includes changes in foreign exchange rates.

Schedule of Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class

Acquired identifiable intangible assets are valued primarily by using discounted cash flows. These assets are included within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets and consist of the following (in millions):


	December 31,
	2019						2020
	Acquired Intangibles, Gross (1)		Accumulated Amortization (1)		Acquired Intangibles, Net		Acquired Intangibles, Gross (1)		Accumulated Amortization (1)		Acquired Intangibles, Net		Weighted Average Life Remaining
Finite-lived intangible assets (2):
Marketing-related	$	2,303	$	(340)	$	1,963	$	2,289	$	(445)	$	1,844	20.0
Contract-based	1,680		(302)		1,378		1,917		(418)		1,499		11.0
Technology- and content-based	1,005		(477)		528		948		(555)		393		3.3
Customer-related	282		(130)		152		179		(77)		102		4.0
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	5,270	$	(1,249)	$	4,021	$	5,333	$	(1,495)	$	3,838	14.4

IPR&D and other (3)	$	28			$	28	$	1,143			$	1,143
Total acquired intangibles	$	5,298	$	(1,249)	$	4,049	$	6,476	$	(1,495)	$	4,981

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(1)Excludes the original cost and accumulated amortization of fully-amortized intangibles.

(2)Finite-lived intangible assets have estimated useful lives of between one and twenty-five years, and are being amortized to operating expenses on a straight-line basis.

(3)Intangible assets acquired in a business combination that are in-process and used in research and development activities are considered indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the research and development efforts. Once the research and development efforts are completed, we determine the useful life and begin amortizing the assets.

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense

Expected future amortization expense of acquired finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2020 is as follows (in millions):


Year Ended December 31,
2021	$	464
2022	430
2023	368
2024	303
2025	251
Thereafter	2,022
	$	3,838