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Financial Instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments
As of December 31, 2018 and 2019, our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities primarily consisted of cash, AAA-rated money market funds, U.S. and foreign government and agency securities, and other investment grade securities. Cash equivalents and marketable securities are recorded at fair value. The following table summarizes, by major security type, our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in millions):
 
December 31, 2018
  
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
Cash
$
10,406

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
10,406

Level 1 securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
12,515

 
—

 
—

 
12,515

Equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
170

Level 2 securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign government and agency securities
815

 
—

 
—

 
815

U.S. government and agency securities
11,686

 
1

 
(20
)
 
11,667

Corporate debt securities
5,008

 
1

 
(19
)
 
4,990

Asset-backed securities
896

 
—

 
(4
)
 
892

Other fixed income securities
190

 
—

 
(2
)
 
188

Equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
33

 
$
41,516


$
2


$
(45
)

$
41,676

Less: Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(426
)
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
41,250

 
December 31, 2019
  
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Total
Estimated
Fair Value
Cash
$
9,776

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
9,776

Level 1 securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
18,850

 
—

 
—

 
18,850

Equity securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
202

Level 2 securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign government and agency securities
4,794

 
—

 
—

 
4,794

U.S. government and agency securities
7,070

 
11

 
(1
)
 
7,080

Corporate debt securities
11,845

 
37

 
(1
)
 
11,881

Asset-backed securities
2,355

 
6

 
(1
)
 
2,360

Other fixed income securities
393

 
1

 
—

 
394

Equity securities (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
5

 
$
55,083

 
$
55

 
$
(3
)
 
$
55,342

Less: Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(321
)
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
55,021

___________________
(1)
The related unrealized gain (loss) recorded in “Other income (expense), net” was $4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
(2)
We are required to pledge or otherwise restrict a portion of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as collateral for real estate leases, amounts due to third-party sellers in certain jurisdictions, debt, and standby and trade letters of credit. We classify cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities with use restrictions of less than twelve months as “Accounts receivable, net and other” and of twelve months or longer as non-current “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. See “Note 7 — Commitments and Contingencies.”
The following table summarizes gross gains and gross losses realized on sales of available-for-sale fixed income marketable securities (in millions):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2018
 
2019
Realized gains
$
5

 
$
2

 
$
11

Realized losses
11

 
9

 
7


The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of our cash equivalents and marketable fixed income securities as of December 31, 2019 (in millions):
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Due within one year
$
35,064

 
$
35,071

Due after one year through five years
9,262

 
9,304

Due after five years through ten years
301

 
302

Due after ten years
680

 
682

Total
$
45,307

 
$
45,359


Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have certain prepayment conditions.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Reconciliation
The following table provides a reconciliation of the amount of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions):
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents
$
31,750

 
$
36,092

Restricted cash included in accounts receivable, net and other
418

 
276

Restricted cash included in other assets
5

 
42

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows
$
32,173

 
$
36,410