EX-1.01 2 amzn-20161231xex101.htm EXHIBIT 1.01 Exhibit


Exhibit 1.01

Conflict Minerals Report
For 2016, we have completed our analysis of the suppliers for Amazon electronic devices, fashion and apparel, and other consumer products that fall within the scope of the applicable rules (collectively, in-scope products). A majority of these suppliers certified that they: did not use gold, tin, tungsten, or tantalum in parts or components for our in-scope products; did not source these minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo or an adjoining country, referred to as the DRC region; or sourced these minerals from a certified conflict-free smelter or refiner. The remaining suppliers are still completing investigations of their supply chains. As discussed in the Conclusion, for 2016, we identified no suppliers that were sourcing minerals through a supply chain that benefitted armed groups in the DRC region.
Pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s conflict minerals rules, we designed our due diligence on the source and chain of custody of the gold, tin, tungsten, and tantalum in our in-scope products in accordance with the OECD’s Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas Third Edition, and the related Supplements on Tin, Tantalum and Tungsten and on Gold. We undertook the steps described below as part of our due diligence process:
Establish strong company management systems
We are committed to avoiding the use of minerals that have fueled conflict, and we expect our suppliers to support our efforts to identify the origin of gold, tin, tungsten, and tantalum used in products that we manufacture or contract to manufacture. Our policy is reflected in our Supplier Code of Conduct, available at http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=hp_left_cn?ie=UTF8&nodeId=200885140, which we communicate to our suppliers through our supplier screening process, contracts with suppliers, or by sending our suppliers a copy of the Supplier Code.
In 2012, we established a conflict minerals group, which includes representatives from supply chain management, sustainability, legal, and internal audit. The group implemented a process to identify within Amazon’s businesses the products that we manufacture or contract to manufacture potentially containing gold, tin, tungsten, or tantalum. Based on that process, we concluded that the conflict minerals rules applied to our in-scope products, and the group identified, engaged with, and made inquiries of, our suppliers that, based on our reasonable country of origin inquiry, we believed sourced gold, tin, tungsten, or tantalum from the DRC region in 2016.
Identify and assess risk in the supply chain
Our conflict minerals due diligence is based on a survey process in which we request information from our in-scope product suppliers through the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template prepared by the Conflict-Free Sourcing Initiative. In addition, at the end of 2016, we communicated with each of our suppliers to confirm the accuracy of the information provided in their most recent template.
The completed templates were reviewed by our conflict minerals group, and the findings were reported to senior management.
Design and implement a strategy to respond to identified risks; engagement with certain suppliers
If we became aware that a supplier was sourcing gold, tin, tungsten, or tantalum from the DRC region, we then reviewed the smelters or refiners identified by the supplier against lists of certified conflict-free facilities in order to determine whether the smelter or refiner that processed those minerals had been audited and certified as conflict-free by a reputable independent third party. We actively reviewed and discussed our policy regarding gold, tin, tungsten, and tantalum with each supplier unable to determine the origin of gold, tin, tungsten, or tantalum and we will continue evaluating the results of their efforts.
Report on supply chain due diligence
This report is publicly filed with the SEC and is available at www.amazon.com/ir.





Conclusion
While, for 2016, we identified no suppliers that were sourcing minerals through a supply chain that benefitted armed groups in the DRC region, some of the suppliers for our in-scope products are still working to determine country of origin and facility information, and other suppliers are still investigating whether the facilities they identified were used to process the gold, tin, tungsten, or tantalum in our in-scope products. For suppliers that were unable to determine the sources of such minerals, we:
actively reviewed and discussed with each such supplier our policy regarding gold, tin, tungsten, and tantalum, and
will continue evaluating the results of their efforts in 2017 in order to mitigate the risk that minerals procured by any of our suppliers benefit armed groups in the DRC region.
Annex A below includes a list of known smelters and refiners that may have processed gold, tin, tungsten, or tantalum in the in-scope products, based on our review of data from several sources, including information reported to us by suppliers for our in-scope products that provided facility information and information obtained through engagement with processing facilities. Because many of the suppliers for our in-scope products that provided country of origin and facility information provided this information to us for their entire supply chain, without specifying which facilities contributed gold, tin, tungsten, or tantalum used in components of the in-scope products, we are unable to validate the accuracy of the list in Annex A, including which of these facilities in fact processed the gold, tin, tungsten, or tantalum used in the in-scope products.








Annex A
                                    
Mineral
Smelter or Refiner Name
Country Location of Smelter or Refiner
Gold
Advanced Chemical Company
United States
Gold
Aida Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Al Etihad Gold LLC
United Arab Emirates
Gold
Allgemeine Gold und Silberscheideanstalt AG
Germany
Gold
Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex
Uzbekistan
Gold
AngloGold Ashanti Córrego do Sítio Mineração
Brazil
Gold
Argor-Heraeus SA
Switzerland
Gold
Asahi Pretec Corporation
Japan
Gold
Asahi Refining Canada Ltd.
Canada
Gold
Asahi Refining USA Inc.
United States
Gold
Asaka Riken Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Atasay Kuyumculuk Sanayi Ve Ticaret AS
Turkey
Gold
Aurubis AG
Germany
Gold
Bangalore Refinery
India
Gold
Boliden AB
Sweden
Gold
Central Bank of the Philippines
Philippines
Gold
C. Hafner GmbH + Co. KG
Germany
Gold
Caridad
Mexico
Gold
Cendres + Métaux SA
Switzerland
Gold
Chimet SpA
Italy
Gold
Chugai Mining
Japan
Gold
Daejin Indus Co., Ltd.
Republic of Korea
Gold
Daye Non-ferrous Metals Mining Ltd.
China
Gold
Do Sung Corporation
Republic of Korea
Gold
Doduco GmbH
Germany
Gold
Dowa
Japan
Gold
Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Elemetal Refining LLC
United States
Gold
Emirates Gold DMCC
United Arab Emirates
Gold
Faggi Enrico SpA
Italy
Gold
Gansu Seemine Material Hi-Tech Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
GCC Gujrat Gold Centre Pvt. Ltd.
India
Gold
Geib Refining Corporation
United States
Gold
Glencore - CCR Refinery
Canada
Gold
Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Guangdong Jinding Gold Limited
China
Gold
Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Hangzhou Fuchunjiang Smelting Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Harmony Gold Mining Company Limited
South Africa
Gold
Heimerle + Meule GmbH
Germany
Gold
Henkel Huawei Electronics Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Heraeus Metals Hong Kong Ltd.
China





Gold
Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH & Co. KG
Germany
Gold
Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
HwaSeong Co., Ltd.
Republic of Korea
Gold
Inner Mongolia Qiankun Gold and Silver Refinery Share Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Ishifuku Metal Industry Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Istanbul Gold Refinery
Turkey
Gold
Japan Mint
Japan
Gold
Jiangxi Copper Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
JSC Ekaterinburg Non-ferrous Metal Processing Plant
Russian Federation
Gold
JSC Uralelectromed
Russian Federation
Gold
JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Kazakhmys Smelting LLC
Kazakhstan
Gold
Kazzinc
Kazakhstan
Gold
Kennecott Utah Copper LLC
United States
Gold
KGHM Polska Miedz Spólka Akcyjna
Poland
Gold
Kojima Chemicals Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Korea Zinc Co., Ltd.
Republic of Korea
Gold
Kyrgyzaltyn JSC
Kyrgyzstan
Gold
L'azurde Company For Jewelry
Saudi Arabia
Gold
Lingbao Gold Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Lingbao Jinyuan Mining Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Lingbao Jinyuan Tonghui Refinery Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
LS-NIKKO Copper Inc.
Republic of Korea
Gold
Materion
United States
Gold
Matsuda Sangyo Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Metalor Technologies (Hong Kong) Ltd.
China
Gold
Metalor Technologies (Singapore) Pte., Ltd.
Singapore
Gold
Metalor Technologies (Suzhou) Ltd.
China
Gold
Metalor USA Refining Corporation
United States
Gold
Metalúrgica Met-Mex Peñoles SA de CV
Mexico
Gold
Mitsubishi Materials Corporation
Japan
Gold
Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
MMTC-PAMP India Pvt. Ltd.
India
Gold
Morris and Watson
New Zealand
Gold
Moscow Special Alloys Processing Plant
Russian Federation
Gold
Nadir Metal Rafineri San. ve Tic. AS
Turkey
Gold
Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat
Uzbekistan
Gold
Nihon Material Co. Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Ögussa Österreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt GmbH
Austria
Gold
Ohura Precious Metal Industry Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
OJSC Novosibirsk Refinery
Russian Federation
Gold
PAMP SA
Switzerland
Gold
Penglai Penggang Gold Industry Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Prioksky Plant of Non-ferrous Metals
Russian Federation
Gold
PT Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk
Indonesia
Gold
PX Précinox SA
Switzerland






Gold
Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd.
South Africa
Gold
Remondis Argentia BV
Netherlands
Gold
Republic Metals Corporation
United States
Gold
Royal Canadian Mint
Canada
Gold
SAAMP
France
Gold
Sabin Metal Corporation
United States
Gold
Safina AS
Czech Republic
Gold
Sai Refinery
India
Gold
Samduck Precious Metals
Republic of Korea
Gold
Samwon Metals Corporation
Republic of Korea
Gold
Saxonia Edelmetalle GmbH
Germany
Gold
Schone Edelmetaal BV
Netherlands
Gold
Sempsa Joyería Platería SA
Spain
Gold
Shandong Tiancheng Biological Gold Industrial Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Sichuan Tianze Precious Metals Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Singway Technology Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
So Accurate Group Inc.
United States
Gold
SOE Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals
Russian Federation
Gold
Solar Applied Materials Technology Corporation
Taiwan
Gold
Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo KK
Japan
Gold
T.C.A. SpA
Italy
Gold
The Great Wall Gold and Silver Refinery of China
China
Gold
The Refinery of Shandong Gold Mining Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Tokuriki Honten Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
TongLing Non-ferrous Metals Group Holdings Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Tony Goetz NV
Belgium
Gold
TOO Tau-Ken-Altyn
Kazakhstan
Gold
Torecom
Republic of Korea
Gold
Umicore Brasil Ltda.
Brazil
Gold
Umicore Precious Metals Thailand
Thailand
Gold
Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining
Belgium
Gold
United Precious Metal Refining Inc.
United States
Gold
Valcambi SA
Switzerland
Gold
Western Australian Mint Trading as The Perth Mint
Australia
Gold
Wieland Edelmetalle GmbH
Germany
Gold
Yamamoto Precious Metal Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Yokohama Metal Co., Ltd.
Japan
Gold
Yunnan Copper Industry Co., Ltd.
China
Gold
Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation
China
Gold
Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Changsha South Tantalum Niobium Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Conghua Tantalum and Niobium Smeltery
China
Tantalum
D Block Metals LLC
United States
Tantalum
Duoluoshan Sapphire Rare Metal Co., Ltd.
China






Tantalum
Exotech Inc.
United States
Tantalum
F&X Electro-Materials Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Fir Metals & Resource Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Global Advanced Metals Aizu
Japan
Tantalum
Global Advanced Metals Boyertown
United States
Tantalum
Guangdong Zhiyuan New Material Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
H.C. Starck Hermsdorf GmbH
Germany
Tantalum
H.C. Starck Smelting GmbH & Co. KG
Germany
Tantalum
H.C. Starck Tantalum and Niobium GmbH
Germany
Tantalum
H.C. Starck Co., Ltd.
Thailand
Tantalum
H.C. Starck GmbH
Germany
Tantalum
H.C. Starck Inc.
United States
Tantalum
H.C. Starck Ltd.
Japan
Tantalum
Hengyang King Xing Lifeng New Materials Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Hi-Temp Specialty Metals Inc.
United States
Tantalum
Jiangxi Dinghai Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
JiuJiang JinXin Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Jiujiang Non-ferrous Metals Smelting Company Limited
China
Tantalum
Jiujiang Tanbre Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Jiujiang Zhongao Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
KEMET Blue Metals
Mexico
Tantalum
KEMET Blue Powder
United States
Tantalum
King-Tan Tantalum Industry Ltd.
China
Tantalum
LSM Brasil SA
Brazil
Tantalum
Metallurgical Products India Pvt. Ltd.
India
Tantalum
Mineração Taboca SA
Brazil
Tantalum
Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.
Japan
Tantalum
Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Power Resources Ltd.
Republic of Macedonia
Tantalum
QuantumClean
United States
Tantalum
RFH Tantalum Smeltery Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO
Russian Federation
Tantalum
Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.
Japan
Tantalum
Telex Metals
United States
Tantalum
Tranzact Inc.
United States
Tantalum
Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC
Kazakhstan
Tantalum
XinXing HaoRong Electronic Material Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Yichun Jin Yang Rare Metal Co., Ltd.
China
Tantalum
Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Alpha
United States
Tin
An Vinh Joint Stock Mineral Processing Company
Vietnam
Tin
Chenzhou Yunxiang Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
China Tin Group Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
CNMC (Guangxi) PGMA Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Cooperativa Metalurgica de Rondônia Ltda.
Brazil
Tin
CV Ayi Jaya
Indonesia






Tin
CV Gita Pesona
Indonesia
Tin
CV Serumpun Sebalai
Indonesia
Tin
CV United Smelting
Indonesia
Tin
CV Venus Inti Perkasa
Indonesia
Tin
Dowa
Japan
Tin
Electro-Mechanical Facility of the Cao Bang Minerals & Metallurgy Joint Stock Company
Vietnam
Tin
Elmet SLU
Spain
Tin
EM Vinto
Bolivia
Tin
Estanho de Rondônia SA
Brazil
Tin
Feinhütte Halsbrücke GmbH
Germany
Tin
Fenix Metals
Poland
Tin
Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC
China
Tin
Gejiu Jinye Mineral Company
China
Tin
Gejiu Non-ferrous Metal Processing Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Gejiu Yunxin Non-ferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Gejiu Zili Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
HuiChang Hill Tin Industry Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Huichang Jinshunda Tin Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Jiangxi Ketai Advanced Material Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Linwu Xianggui Ore Smelting Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Magnu's Minerais Metais e Ligas Ltda.
Brazil
Tin
Malaysia Smelting Corporation
Malaysia
Tin
Melt Metais e Ligas SA
Brazil
Tin
Metallic Resources Inc.
United States
Tin
Metallo-Chimique NV
Belgium
Tin
Mineração Taboca SA
Brazil
Tin
Minsur
Peru
Tin
Mitsubishi Materials Corporation
Japan
Tin
Nankang Nanshan Tin Manufactory Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Nghe Tinh Non-ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company
Vietnam
Tin
Novosibirsk Integrated Tin Works
Russian Federation
Tin
O.M. Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
Thailand
Tin
O.M. Manufacturing Philippines Inc.
Philippines
Tin
Operaciones Metalurgical SA
Bolivia
Tin
PT Alam Lestari Kencana
Indonesia
Tin
PT Aries Kencana Sejahtera
Indonesia
Tin
PT Artha Cipta Langgeng
Indonesia
Tin
PT ATD Makmur Mandiri Jaya
Indonesia
Tin
PT Babel Inti Perkasa
Indonesia
Tin
PT Bangka Prima Tin
Indonesia
Tin
PT Bangka Timah Utama Sejahtera
Indonesia
Tin
PT Bangka Tin Industry
Indonesia
Tin
PT Belitung Industri Sejahtera
Indonesia
Tin
PT Bukit Timah
Indonesia
Tin
PT Cipta Persada Mulia
Indonesia
Tin
PT DS Jaya Abadi
Indonesia










Tin
PT Eunindo Usaha Mandiri
Indonesia
Tin
PT Fang Di MulTindo
Indonesia
Tin
PT Inti Stania Prima
Indonesia
Tin
PT Justindo
Indonesia
Tin
PT Karimun Mining
Indonesia
Tin
PT Mitra Stania Prima
Indonesia
Tin
PT Panca Mega Persada
Indonesia
Tin
PT Prima Timah Utama
Indonesia
Tin
PT Refined Bangka Tin
Indonesia
Tin
PT Sariwiguna Binasentosa
Indonesia
Tin
PT Seirama Tin Investment
Indonesia
Tin
PT Stanindo Inti Perkasa
Indonesia
Tin
PT Sukses Inti Makmur
Indonesia
Tin
PT Sumber Jaya Indah
Indonesia
Tin
PT Supra Sukses Trinusa
Indonesia
Tin
PT Tambang Timah
Indonesia
Tin
PT Timah (Persero) Tbk Kundur
Indonesia
Tin
PT Timah (Persero) Tbk Mentok
Indonesia
Tin
PT Tinindo Inter Nusa
Indonesia
Tin
PT Tirus Putra Mandiri
Indonesia
Tin
PT Tommy Utama
Indonesia
Tin
Resind Indústria e Comércio Ltda.
Brazil
Tin
Rui Da Hung
Taiwan
Tin
Soft Metais Ltda.
Brazil
Tin
Thaisarco
Thailand
Tin
Tuyen Quang Non-ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company
Vietnam
Tin
VQB Mineral and Trading Group JSC
Vietnam
Tin
White Solder Metalurgia e Mineração Ltda.
Brazil
Tin
Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.
China
Tin
Yunnan Tin Company Limited
China
Tungsten
A.L.M.T. Tungsten Corporation
Japan
Tungsten
Asia Tungsten Products Vietnam Ltd.
Vietnam
Tungsten
Chenzhou Diamond Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Dayu Jincheng Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Dayu Weiliang Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Fujian Jinxin Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Ganxian Shirui New Material Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Ganzhou Jiangwu FerroTungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Ganzhou Seadragon W & Mo Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Ganzhou Yatai Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Global Tungsten & Powders Corporation
United States
Tungsten
Guangdong Xianglu Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.
China





Tungsten
Hunan Chuangda Vanadium Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Hunan Chunchang Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Hydrometallurg JSC
Russian Federation
Tungsten
Japan New Metals Co., Ltd.
Japan
Tungsten
Jiangwu H.C. Starck Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Jiangxi Gan Bei Tungsten Co. Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Jiangxi Minmetals Gao'an Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Jiangxi Rare Metals Tungsten Holdings Group Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Jiangxi Tonggu Non-ferrous Metallurgical & Chemical Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Jiangxi Xinsheng Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Jiangxi Xiushui Xianggan Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Jiangxi Yaosheng Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Kennametal Fallon
United States
Tungsten
Kennametal Huntsville
United States
Tungsten
Malipo Haiyu Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Niagara Refining LLC
United States
Tungsten
North American Tungsten
Canada
Tungsten
Nui Phao H.C. Starck Tungsten Chemicals Manufacturing LLC
Vietnam
Tungsten
Pobedit JSC
Russian Federation
Tungsten
Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.
Japan
Tungsten
Tejing (Vietnam) Tungsten Co., Ltd.
Vietnam
Tungsten
Vietnam Youngsun Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd.
Vietnam
Tungsten
Wolfram Bergbau und Hütten AG
Austria
Tungsten
Wolfram Company CJSC
Russian Federation
Tungsten
Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China
Tungsten
Xinhai Rendan Shaoguan Tungsten Co., Ltd.
China






Countries of origin from which these facilities may source conflict minerals include:

Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bermuda
Bolivia
Brazil
Burundi
Cambodia
Canada
Central African Republic
Chile
China
Colombia
Czech Republic
Djibouti
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ecuador
Egypt
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
France
Germany
Ghana
Guinea
Guyana
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Jersey
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Luxembourg
Madagascar
Malaysia
Mali
Mexico
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Netherlands
New Zealand
Niger





Nigeria
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Republic of the Congo
Republic of Korea
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
South Africa
South Sudan
Spain
Suriname
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Turkey
Uganda
United Kingdom
United States
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Zambia
Zimbabwe