<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2016-01-19</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001018399</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>ENTERPRISE BANCORP INC /MA/</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>EBTC</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001034912</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>PUTZIGER MICHAEL T</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC.</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>222 MERRIMACK STREET</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>LOWELL</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>01852</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
                <footnoteId id="F1"/>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2016-01-19</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>1472</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>23.86</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>117560.4606</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F5"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>485.7026</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F6"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F7"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F8"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By Trust For Granddaughter</value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Report no longer includes indirect ownership of 985.4458 shares of former spouse.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Issued in lieu of cash for director compensation.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">Includes 656.006 shares acquired through dividend reinvestment on 6/1/15.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">Includes 664.5897 shares acquired through dividend reinvestment on 9/1/15.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F5">Includes 596.2649 shares acquired through dividend reinvestment on 12/1/15.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F6">Includes 2.8822 shares acquired through dividend reinvestment on 6/1/15.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F7">Includes 2.8718 shares acquired through dividend reinvestment on 9/1/15.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F8">Includes 2.4663 shares acquired through dividend reinvestment on 12/1/15.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ John P. Clancy, Jr. as attorney-in-fact for Michael T. Putziger</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2016-02-12</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
