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Employee Benefit Plans
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure
Note 10: Employee Benefit Plans
Pension and Postretirement Plans. We sponsor both funded and unfunded domestic and foreign defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit (PRB) plans and defined contribution plans.
Contributions to our plans were as follows:
 Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)20242023
U.S. qualified defined benefit plans$— $— 
International defined benefit plans2 8 
PRB plans9 4 
Defined contribution plans395 372 
The amounts recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet consist of:
(dollars in millions)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Noncurrent pension assets (included in Other assets)$1,600 $1,296 
Current pension and PRB liabilities (included in Accrued employee compensation)270 270 
Future pension and postretirement benefit obligations2,320 2,385 
The amounts recognized in Future pension and postretirement benefit obligations consist of:
(dollars in millions)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Noncurrent pension liabilities$1,679 $1,737 
Noncurrent PRB liabilities580 582 
Other pension and PRB related items
61 66 
Future pension and postretirement benefit obligations$2,320 $2,385 
The components of net periodic (income) expense for our defined pension and PRB plans were as follows:
 
Pension Benefits
Quarter Ended March 31,
PRB
Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)2024202320242023
Operating expense
Service cost$47 $55 $1 $1 
Non-operating expense
Interest cost596 626 11 12 
Expected return on plan assets(937)(937)(5)(5)
Amortization of prior service credit(43)(39)— — 
Recognized actuarial net (gain) loss5 (95)(6)(8)
 Net settlement, curtailment, and special termination benefit (gain) loss(7)2 — — 
Non-service pension income(386)(443)— (1)
Total net periodic (income) expense$(339)$(388)$1 $— 
We have set aside assets in separate trusts, which we expect to be used to pay for certain nonqualified defined benefit and defined contribution plan obligations in excess of qualified plan limits. These assets are included in Other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair value of marketable securities held in trusts was as follows:
(dollars in millions)March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Marketable securities held in trusts$705 $745