
	2023				2022				2021
(dollars in millions)	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate	$	805	21.0	%	$	1,285	21.0	%	$	1,073	21.0	%
Tax on international activities	(27)		(0.7)		(186)		(3.1)		(204)		(4.0)

Tax charges related to separation of Carrier and Otis and Raytheon merger	—		—		—		—		(39)		(0.8)
Disposals of businesses	—		—		—		—		108		2.2
U.S. research and development credit	(168)		(4.4)		(164)		(2.7)		(172)		(3.4)
U.S. federal statute lapse	(59)		(1.5)		—		—		—		—
State income tax, net	17		0.4		59		1.0		174		3.4
Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII)	(142)		(3.7)		(214)		(3.5)		(121)		(2.4)
U.K. corporate tax rate enactment	—		—		—		—		73		1.5
Other	30		0.8		10		0.2		72		1.4
Effective income tax rate	$	456	11.9	%	$	790	12.9	%	$	964	18.9	%

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