Financial Instruments

We enter into derivative instruments primarily for risk management purposes, including derivatives designated as hedging instruments under the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the FASB ASC and those utilized as economic hedges. We operate internationally and, in the normal course of business, are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. These fluctuations can increase the costs of financing, investing and operating the business. We have used derivative instruments, including swaps, forward contracts and options, to manage certain foreign currency, interest rate and commodity price exposures.

The four quarter rolling average of the notional amount of foreign exchange contracts hedging foreign currency transactions was $20.5 billion and $19.1 billion at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The following table summarizes the fair value and presentation in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for derivative instruments as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



(dollars in millions)	Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	Asset Derivatives:
	Other assets, current	$	23		$	77
	Other assets	27			101
	Total asset derivatives	$	50		$	178
	Liability Derivatives:
	Accrued liabilities	(43		)	(10		)
	Other long-term liabilities	(75		)	(8		)
	Total liability derivatives	$	(118	)	$	(18	)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	Asset Derivatives:
	Other assets, current	39			70
	Other assets	22			5
	Total asset derivatives	$	61		$	75
	Liability Derivatives:
	Accrued liabilities	(93		)	(57		)
	Other long-term liabilities	(3		)	(3		)
	Total liability derivatives	$	(96	)	$	(60	)

The effect of cash flow hedging relationships on accumulated other comprehensive income for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are presented in the table below. The amounts of gain or (loss) are attributable to foreign exchange contract activity and are recorded as a component of Product sales when reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income.



	Quarter Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2018			2017		2018			2017
Gain (loss) recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(245	)	$	66	$	(200	)	$	130
(Gain) loss reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into Product sales	(1		)	5		(28		)	10

The table above reflects the effect of cash flow hedging relationships on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company utilizes the critical terms match method in assessing derivatives for hedge effectiveness. Accordingly, the hedged items and derivatives designated as hedging instruments are highly effective.

We have approximately €4.95 billion of euro-denominated long-term debt and €750 million of euro-denominated commercial paper borrowings outstanding, which qualify as a net investment hedge against our investments in European businesses. As of June 30, 2018, the net investment hedge is deemed to be effective.

Assuming current market conditions continue, a $33 million pre-tax loss is expected to be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into Product sales to reflect the fixed prices obtained from foreign exchange hedging within the next 12 months. At June 30, 2018, all derivative contracts accounted for as cash flow hedges will mature by July 2022.

The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments that is included below within Other income, net, on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations was as follows:



	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Foreign exchange contracts	$	19	$	28	$	70	$	40