Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) and are presented in United States dollars.

Principles of consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Electriplast Corp. (formerly Plastenna, Inc.)(“Electriplast”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Basic and diluted net loss per share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Because the Company has reported a net loss for all years presented, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for those years.

Stock issued in exchange for services

The valuation of common stock issued in exchange for services to non-employees is valued at an estimated fair market value of the Company’s stock price based upon trading, sales and other issuances of the Company's common stock. Stock-based compensation expense related to awards to non-employees is recognized based on the then-current fair value at each measurement date over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term, using the accelerated attribution method. The fair value of non-employee stock options is estimated using the Black- Scholes valuation model with assumptions generally consistent with those used for employee stock options, with the exception of the expected term, which is the remaining contractual life at each measurement date. Restricted shares are issued or become issuable when they vested and are measured at their grant date and recorded evenly over the vesting period.

Revenue recognition

The Company has not generated significant revenue since inception. Although the Company has begun to receive revenue from the sale of material for commercial applications, the Company is devoting substantially all its efforts to developing the business.

For license agreement that the Company enters into, revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration that is expected to be received by the Company under a contract with a customer, which is initially estimated with pricing specified in the agreement and adjusted for any discounts or other credits at contract inception then updated each reporting period, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of a contract with a customer exists and a performance obligation is identified and satisfied as the customer obtains control of the good or services.

The Company’s license agreements can provide for upfront license fees, maintenance payments, and/or substantive milestone payments. In accordance with revenue recognition guidance, the Company identifies all of the deliverables at the inception of the agreement. License fees, which are nonrefundable fees will be evaluated for standalone value to the licensor and may be recognized upon delivery pursuant to terms of the agreement. Upfront nonrefundable fees associated with license and development agreements where the Company has continuing involvement that does not meet the requirement of a separate deliverable are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized over the estimated service period. The Company may also enter into agreements to provide engineering services. The Company recognizes revenue from engineering services as the service has been performed and amounts are reasonably assured of collection.

The Company recognizes revenues from royalties when they become due.

Foreign currency translation

The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the US dollar. Transactions and balances for the Company’s operations that are not in US dollars are translated into US dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates for monetary assets and liabilities, and at historical exchange rates for nonmonetary assets and liabilities. Revenues and expenses are translated at the rate of exchange on the date of the transaction, except for amortization and depreciation, which are translated on the same basis as the related assets. Resulting translation gains or losses are included in the consolidated statements of operations. The foreign currency impact on the consolidated financial statements is immaterial.

Advertising

Advertising costs are charged to operations when incurred. Advertising expense was $nil for the years ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Research and development

The Company expenses all research and development expenditures as incurred.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates include valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets, the determination of the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based compensation and the determination of the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of derivative financial liabilities and the warrant liability. Actual results could differ from those estimates and could impact future results of operations and cash flows.

Financial instruments

The Company’s balance sheet includes financial instruments, specifically cash, promissory note receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, related party payable, dividend payable, mandatorily redeemable preferred stock and loans payable. The carrying amounts of current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instrument and their expected realization.

The Company has issued financial instruments that contain embedded conversion features that qualify as derivatives and are therefore accounted for as liabilities. The derivative liabilities are initially recorded at fair value, with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of operations at each period end while such instruments are outstanding. Any derivative liabilities relating to the convertible debt is valued using the Black-Scholes Model where appropriate. The fair value of the warrants issued with reset provisions were measured using the Monte Carlo method.

Fair value measurements

ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). Their fair value hierarchy consists of three board levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

● Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical securities;

● Level 2 – Other significant observable inputs that are observable through corroboration with market data (including quoted prices in active markets for similar securities); and

● Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The fair value measurement of cash are classified as a Level 1 measurement. The fair value measurement of the derivative liability with reset provisions are classified as a Level 3 measurement.

Income taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability approach in its method of accounting for income taxes that requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is recorded if, based upon weighted available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The impact of an uncertain tax position that is more likely than not of being sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority is recognized at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained. No portion of an uncertain tax position will be recognized if the position has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.

Stock-based compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and other forms of equity compensation by estimating the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using the market price of common stock or the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company uses the straight-line single-option method to recognize the value of stock-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations is reduced for estimated forfeitures, as it is based on awards ultimately expected to vest. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives using the straight-line method of depreciation. Amortization of the leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the underlying assets and the term of the related lease.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires entities to use a forward-looking approach based on current expected credit losses (“CECL”) to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. This may result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe the potential impact of the new guidance and related codification improvements will be material to its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06 (“ASU 2020-06”) “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40).” ASU 2020-06 reduces the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments by eliminating the cash conversion and beneficial conversion models. The diluted net income per share calculation for convertible instruments will require the Company to use the if-converted method. For contracts in an entity’s own equity, the type of contracts primarily affected by this update are freestanding and embedded features that are accounted for as derivatives under the current guidance due to a failure to meet the settlement conditions of the derivative scope exception. This update simplifies the related settlement assessment by removing the requirements to (i) consider whether the contract would be settled in registered shares, (ii) consider whether collateral is required to be posted, and (iii) assess shareholder rights. ASU 2020-06 is effective January 1, 2024, for the Company and the provisions

of this update can be adopted using either the modified retrospective method or a fully retrospective method. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than January 1, 2021, including interim periods within that year.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements