Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Effective Income Tax Rate

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, our effective income tax rates were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Effective income tax expense (benefit) rate(a)	6	%	29	%	(27	)%	31	%

^(a) 

In all periods presented, we maintained our valuation allowance on our net federal deferred tax assets in the U.S.