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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
12 Months Ended
Jan. 28, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
NOTE 3.  STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

At January 28, 2017, we had four stock-based compensation plans:

(a)
The 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (EIP) provides that the Board of Directors may grant equity awards to certain employees of the Company at its discretion.  The EIP was adopted effective July 1, 2015 and authorizes grants of equity awards of up to 1,000,000 authorized but unissued shares of common stock.  At January 28, 2017, there were 853,925 shares available for grant under the EIP.

(b)
The 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) allows for qualified employees to participate in the purchase of up to 300,000 shares of our common stock at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the closing price at the beginning or end of each quarterly stock purchase period.  The ESPP was adopted effective July 1, 2015.  At January 28, 2017, there were 278,350 shares available for purchase under the ESPP.

(c)
The 2015 Director Deferred Compensation Plan (Deferred Plan) allows non-employee directors an election to defer all or a portion of their fees into stock units or stock options.  The Deferred Plan was adopted effective July 1, 2015 and authorizes grants up to 150,000 authorized but unissued shares of common stock.  At January 28, 2017, there were 141,315 shares available for grant under the Deferred Plan.

(d)
The 2012 Non-Employee Director Equity Plan (DEP) provides for grants of equity awards to non-employee directors.  The DEP was adopted effective May 24, 2012 and authorizes grants of equity awards of up to 500,000 authorized but unissued shares of common stock.  At January 28, 2017, there were 364,678 shares available for grant under the DEP.

Our plans allow for a variety of equity awards including stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights and performance awards.  As of January 28, 2017, we had only granted awards in the form of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance-based units (PSUs) to our employees.  The annual grants made for Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015 to employees consisted solely of RSUs.  We have also awarded PSUs to our Named Executive Officers (NEOs) and expect the Compensation Committee of the Board will continue to grant PSUs to our NEOs in the future.

As of January 28, 2017, we had only granted awards in the form of stock, stock options and deferred stock units (DSUs) to our Board members.  Under the DEP, Board members currently receive an annual value of $75,000 worth of equity in the form of stock options or RSUs upon election to the Board and a value of $100,000 worth of equity in any form allowed within the DEP, for each full year of service, pro-rated for Directors who serve less than one full year.  The Chairman of the Board receives an annual value of $150,000 worth of equity in any form allowed within the DEP.

The terms and vesting schedules for stock-based awards vary by type of grant and generally vest upon time-based conditions.  Under the DEP, Directors have the option with certain equity forms to set vesting dates.  Upon exercise, stock-based compensation awards are settled with authorized but unissued company stock.  All of our awards are classified as equity awards.

The compensation cost for these plans was as follows (in thousands):
 
 
 
Fiscal Year Ended
 
 
 
January 28, 2017
  
January 30, 2016
  
January 31, 2015
 
Stock-based compensation expense by type:
         
  Stock options
 
$
384
  
$
391
  
$
469
 
  Restricted stock units
  
4,010
   
4,632
   
3,833
 
  Employee stock purchases
  
104
   
105
   
96
 
  Director deferred compensation
  
94
   
70
   
70
 
    Total stock-based compensation expense
  
4,592
   
5,198
   
4,468
 
  Income tax benefit recognized
  
1,655
   
1,895
   
1,645
 
     Stock-based compensation expense, net of income tax
 
$
2,937
  
$
3,303
  
$
2,823
 
 
Stock-based and deferred stock compensation expenses are included in store operating, selling and administrative expenses.  There is no capitalized stock-based compensation cost.

The income tax benefit recognized in our consolidated financial statements, as disclosed above, is based on the amount of compensation expense recorded for book purposes.  The actual income tax benefit realized in our income tax return is based on the intrinsic value, or the excess of the market value over the exercise or purchase price, of stock options exercised and restricted stock unit awards vested during the period.  The actual income tax benefit realized for the deductions considered on our income tax returns for Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015 was from option exercises and restricted stock unit releases and totaled $1.2 million, $2.5 million and $5.3 million, respectively.

Stock Options

Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant.  Vesting and expiration provisions vary between equity plans, but options granted to employees under the EIP typically vest over a four or five-year period in equal installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date and typically expire on the eighth or tenth anniversary of the date of grant.  Grants awarded to outside directors under the DEP and Deferred Plan vest immediately upon grant and expire on the tenth anniversary of the date of grant.

Following is the weighted average fair value of each option granted during Fiscal 2017.  The fair value was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for each period:
 
 
 
Quarter Ended
 
 
 
April 30, 2016
  
July 30, 2016
 
Grant date
 
Mar 15
  
Mar 31
  
Jun 30
 
Exercise price
 
$
35.07
  
$
35.90
  
$
34.79
 
Weighted average fair value at date of grant
 
$
10.56
  
$
10.63
  
$
9.88
 
Expected option life (years)
  
4.84
   
4.84
   
4.84
 
Expected volatility
  
31.99%
 
  
32.01%
 
  
30.91%
 
Risk-free interest rate
  
1.46%
 
  
1.18%
 
  
0.99%
 
Dividend yield
 
None
  
None
  
None
 
 
We calculate the expected term for our stock options based on the historical exercise behavior of our participants.  Historically, an increase in our stock price has led to a pattern of earlier exercise by participants.  Grants made to our Directors have a contractual term of 10 years, while grants made to our employees have a contractual term of 8 years.  We have not awarded a stock option grant to employees since 2009.  With the absence of option grants to employees, we anticipate the expected term will remain relatively stable.

The volatility used to value stock options is based on historical volatility.  We calculate historical volatility using an average calculation methodology based on daily price intervals as measured over the expected term of the option.  We have consistently applied this methodology since our adoption of the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Stock Compensation.

In accordance with ASC Topic 718, we base the risk-free interest rate on the annual continuously compounded risk-free rate with a term equal to the option's expected term.  The dividend yield is assumed to be zero since we have no current plan to declare dividends.
 
Activity for our option plans during Fiscal 2017 was as follows:

 
 
Number of
Shares
  
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(Years)
  
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
($000's)
 
Options outstanding at January 30, 2016
  
243,397
  
$
37.13
   
5.18
  
$
987
 
   Granted
  
36,359
   
35.10
         
   Exercised
  
(16,152
)
  
27.11
         
   Forfeited, cancelled or expired
  
-
   
-
         
Options outstanding at January 28, 2017
  
263,604
  
$
37.47
   
5.11
  
$
963
 
 
                
Exercisable at January 28, 2017
  
263,604
  
$
37.47
   
5.11
  
$
963
 
 
The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015 was $10.56, $16.63 and $23.12, respectively.  The compensation expense included in store operating, selling and administrative expenses and recognized during Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015 was $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, before the recognized income tax benefit of $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015 was $0.6 million, $0.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively.  The total cash received from these stock option exercises during Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015 was $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively.  Excess income tax proceeds from stock option exercises are included in cash flows from financing activities as required by ASC Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows.  As of January 28, 2017, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options.

Restricted Stock and Performance-Based Units

RSUs and PSUs are granted with a fair value equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant.  All PSUs have been awarded in the form of restricted stock units.  Compensation expense is recorded straight-line over the vesting period and, in the case of PSUs, at the estimated percentage of achievement.  Restricted stock unit awards to our employees generally cliff vest in four years from the date of grant for those awards that are not performance-based.  If a Director chooses to receive their annual equity award in stock and he or she defers the vesting date, then the form of stock is a DSU.  PSUs provide for awards based on achievement of certain predetermined corporate performance goals and cliff vest in one to five years from the date of grant after achievement of stated performance criterion and upon meeting stated service conditions.
 
The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit awards activity under all of our plans during Fiscal 2017:

 
 
RSUs
  
PSUs
  
Totals
 
 
 
Number of
Awards
  
Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
  
Number of
Awards
  
Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
  
Number of
Awards
  
Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 
Restricted stock unit awards outstanding at January 30, 2016
  
249,525
  
$
53.31
   
88,125
  
$
49.42
   
337,650
  
$
52.29
 
   Granted
  
118,343
   
35.14
   
45,300
   
35.07
   
163,643
   
35.12
 
   PSU multiplier earned (1)
  
-
   
-
   
(14,950
)
  
52.31
   
(14,950
)
  
52.31
 
   Vested
  
(55,537
)
  
51.25
   
(23,000
)
  
38.82
   
(78,537
)
  
47.61
 
   Forfeited, cancelled or expired
  
(12,963
)
  
49.35
   
-
   
-
   
(12,963
)
  
49.35
 
Restricted stock unit awards outstanding at January 28, 2017
  
299,368
  
$
46.68
   
95,475
  
$
44.71
   
394,843
  
$
46.20
 

(1)            PSU multiplier earned represents the net RSUs awarded to our NEOs above and below their target grants resulting from the achievement of performance goals above or below the performance targets established at grant.  Goals were achieved at 50% for all performance equity awards released in Fiscal 2017; therefore, the multiplier was negative.
 
The weighted average grant date fair value of our RSUs granted was $35.12, $50.48 and $56.81 for Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015, respectively.  There were 163,643, 111,705 and 98,374 RSUs awarded during Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015, respectively.  The compensation expense included in store operating, selling and administrative expenses and recognized during Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015 was $4.0 million, $4.6 million and $3.8 million, respectively, before the recognized income tax benefit of $1.5 million, $1.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

During Fiscal 2017, RSU awards of 78,537 unit awards, including 23,000 awards that were PSUs, vested with an intrinsic value of $2.8 million.  The total intrinsic value of our RSU awards outstanding and unvested at January 28, 2017, January 30, 2016 and January 31, 2015 was $12.9 million, $10.9 million and $17.2 million, respectively.  As of January 28, 2017, there was approximately $7.9 million of total unamortized unrecognized compensation cost related to RSU awards.  This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company's ESPP allows eligible employees the right to purchase shares of our common stock, subject to certain limitations, at 85% of the lesser of the market value at the end of each calendar quarter (purchase date) or the beginning of each calendar quarter.  Our employee purchases of common stock and the average price per share through the ESPP were as follows:
 
Fiscal Year Ended
 
Shares
Purchased
  
Average
Price Per
Share
 
January 28, 2017
  
14,890
  
$
28.48
 
January 30, 2016
  
12,251
  
$
33.40
 
January 31, 2015
  
8,882
  
$
42.16
 
 
The assumptions used in the option pricing model were as follows:

 
 
Fiscal Year Ended
 
 
 
January 28, 2017
  
January 30, 2016
  
January 31, 2015
 
Weighted average fair value at date of grant
 
$
6.98
  
$
9.48
  
$
10.78
 
Expected life (years)
  
0.25
   
0.25
   
0.25
 
Expected volatility
  
30.1% - 32.0%
 
  
32.0% - 36.2%
 
  
36.4% - 46.4%
 
Risk-free interest rate
  
0.37% - 0.68%
 
  
0.02% - 0.09%
 
  
0.04% - 0.16%
 
Dividend yield
 
None
  
None
  
None
 
 
The expense related to the ESPP was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the provisions of ASC Topic 718 as it relates to accounting for certain employee stock purchase plans with a look-back option.  The compensation expense included in store operating, selling and administrative expenses and recognized during each of Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015 was $0.1 million.

Director Deferred Compensation

Under the Deferred Plan, non-employee directors can elect to defer all or a portion of their Board and Board Committee fees into cash, stock options or deferred stock units.  Those fees deferred into stock options are subject to the same provisions as provided for in the DEP and are expensed and accounted for accordingly.  Director fees deferred into stock units are calculated and expensed each calendar quarter by taking total fees earned during the calendar quarter and dividing by the closing price of our common stock on the last day of the calendar quarter, rounded to the nearest whole share.  The total annual retainer, Board and Board Committee fees for non-employee directors that are not deferred into stock options, but which includes amounts deferred into stock units under the Deferred Plan, are expensed as incurred in all periods presented.  A total of 2,542, 1,812 and 1,426 stock units were deferred under this plan in Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015, respectively.  One director has elected to defer compensation into stock units in calendar 2017.

The compensation expense included in store operating, selling and administrative expenses and recognized during Fiscal 2017, Fiscal 2016 and Fiscal 2015 was $94,000, $70,000 and $70,000, respectively, before the recognized income tax benefit of $35,000, $26,000 and $26,000, respectively.