Basis of Presentation, Organization, Going Concern, Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Policies)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Basis Of Presentation Organization Going Concern Recent Accounting Pronouncements And Earnings Loss Per Share Policies

Principles of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, RenovaCare Sciences. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. RenovaCare Sciences was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on June 12, 2013.

Applicable Accounting Guidance

Any reference in these notes to applicable accounting guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative non-governmental US GAAP as found in the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Codification.

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718)”, which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions. The guidance will be effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that year. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2016-09 to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which supersedes ASC Topic 840, Leases, and creates a new topic, ASC Topic 842, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a lease asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on its balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 also expands the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures surrounding leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has determined that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will currently have no impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” (“ASU 2015-17”). The standard requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet rather than being separated into current and noncurrent. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted and the standard may be applied either retrospectively or on a prospective basis to all deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company has determined that the adoption of ASU 2015-17 will currently have no impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, to clarify the principles used to recognize revenue for all entities. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 to further clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The Company has determined that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will currently have no impact on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company reviews new accounting standards as issued. Although some of these accounting standards issued or effective after the end of the Company’s previous fiscal year may be applicable, the Company has not identified any standards that the Company believes merit further discussion other than as discussed above. The Company believes that none of the new standards will have a significant impact on the financial statements.

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results, as determined by future events, may differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents may at times exceed federally insured limits.

Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The Company utilizes a three-tier hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1. Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that an entity has the ability to access. The Company has no assets or liabilities valued with Level 1 inputs.

Level 2. Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. The Company has no assets or liabilities valued with Level 2 inputs.

Level 3. Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The Company has no assets or liabilities valued with Level 3 inputs.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and contract and contribution payable, approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments and their liquidity. It is not practical to determine the fair value of the Company’s note payable and accrued interest due to the complex terms. Management is of the opinion that the Company is not exposed to significant interest or credit risks arising from these financial instruments.

Research and Development Costs

The Company intends to outsource its research and development efforts and expense related costs as incurred, including the cost of manufacturing product for testing, licensing fees and costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials. The value ascribed to patents and other intellectual property acquired will be capitalized as it relates to particular research and development projects that may have alternative future uses.

Equipment

Equipment is carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Major improvements are capitalized, while repair and maintenance are expensed when incurred. Renewals and betterments that materially extend the life of the assets are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in income for the period.

Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of the related assets. The estimated useful lives of depreciable assets are:

	Estimated
	Useful Lives
Office equipment	3-5 years
Furniture & equipment	5-7 years

Intangible Assets

The Company’s intangible asset consists primarily of the CellMist^TM System technology that the Company acquired during 2013 and is recorded at cost. At the time of acquisition, the technology had not reached technological feasibility. The amount capitalized is accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset, subject to impairment testing until completion or abandonment. Upon successful completion, a determination will be made as to the then useful life of the intangible asset, generally determined by the period in which substantially all of the cash flows are expected to be generated, and begin amortization. The Company tests the intangible asset for impairment at least annually or more frequently if impairment indicators exist after performing a qualitative analysis. Management has multiple criteria that it considers when performing the qualitative analysis. The results of this review are then weighed and prioritized. If the totality of the relevant events and circumstances indicate that the intangible asset is not impaired, additional impairment tests are not necessary.

The Company assessed the following qualitative factors that could affect any change in the fair value of the intangible asset: analysis of the technology's current phase, additional testing necessary to bring the technology to market, development of competing products, changes in projections caused by delays, changes in regulations, changes in the market for the technology and changes in cost projections to bring the technology to market. Based on a qualitative assessment, management concluded that a positive assertion can be made from the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the intangible asset related to the CellMist^TM System is not impaired. The Company did, however, determine that an intangible asset related to wound care technology, acquired during 2013, was impaired during the period ended March 31, 2015 and recorded an impairment loss (a component of research and development expenses) amounting to $10,000 which was equal to the amount capitalized.

Stock Options

The Company measures all stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method on the date of grant and recognizes such expense in its consolidated financial statements over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based compensation awards on the date of grant. The Black-Scholes pricing model requires management to make assumptions regarding option lives, expected volatility, and risk free interest rates. The Company’s policy is to issue new shares upon exercise of options.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributed to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax credits and loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry-forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts expected to be realized. The Company reports a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain income tax positions, if any, taken or expected to be taken in an income tax return. Estimated interest and penalties are recorded as a component of interest expense or other expense, respectively.

Related Party Transactions

A related party is generally defined as (i) any person who holds 10% or more of the Company's securities and their immediate families; (ii) the Company's management; (iii) someone who directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company; or (iv) anyone who can significantly influence the financial and operating decisions of the Company. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. See “Note 9. Related Party Transactions,” for further discussion.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited financial statements of RenovaCare, Inc. (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2017, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States for interim financial reporting and include the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, RenovaCare Sciences. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of the Company’s Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the interim financial information have been included. The Company did not record an income tax provision during the periods presented due to net taxable losses. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the entire year.

Organization

RenovaCare, Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiary, focuses on the acquisition, research, development and, if warranted, commercialization of autologous (using a patient's own cells) cellular therapies that can be used for medical and aesthetic applications.

On July 12, 2013, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, RenovaCare Sciences Corp., completed the acquisition of its flagship technologies (collectively, the “CellMist^TM System”) along with associated United States patent applications and two foreign patent applications, the first of which was filed on August 23, 2007 (DE 10 2007 040 252.1) and the second of which was filed on April 27, 2011 (DE 10 2011 100 450.9), both of which have been granted. One of the US patent applications was granted on November 29, 2016 (Patent No. US 9,505,000) and the other patent application was granted on April 4, 2017 (Patent No. US 9,610,430).

The CellMist^TM System is comprised of (a) a treatment methodology for cell isolation for the regeneration of human skin cells (the “CellMist^TM Solution”) and (b) a solution sprayer device (the “SkinGun^TM”) for delivering the cells to the treatment area. The Company has filed additional patent applications related to the CellMist^TM Solution and SkinGun^TM technologies.

Going Concern

The Company's activities have consisted principally of performing research and development activities and raising capital. These activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including possible failure of preclinical testing and failing to secure additional funding before achieving sustainable revenue and profit from operations. The Company's ability to fund the development of its cellular therapies will depend on the amount and timing of cash receipts from future financing activities. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, which contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern, which is dependent upon the Company’s ability to establish itself as a profitable business.

The Company does not have any commercialized products, has not generated any revenue since inception and has sustained recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. The Company expects to incur losses as it continues development of its products and technologies. Over the past year, the Company has been funded through the sale of equity securities and proceeds from convertible promissory notes. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had approximately $1,149,604 of cash. On October 16, 2017, the Company completed a private placement with a group of private investors, whereby the Company received $2,300,000 from the sale of common stock and warrants. The Company believes that, as a result, it currently has sufficient cash to meet its funding requirements over the next year. However, the Company has experienced and continues to experience negative cash flows from operations, as well as an ongoing requirement for substantial additional capital investment. The Company expects that it will need to raise additional capital to accomplish its business plan. The Company expects to seek to obtain additional funding through the sale of its securities. There can be no assurance as to the availability or terms upon which such financing and capital might be available.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Any reference in these notes to applicable accounting guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative non-governmental US GAAP as found in the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Codification.

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718)”, which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions. The guidance was effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the guidance with no material impact on its financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, which supersedes ASC Topic 840, Leases, and creates a new topic, ASC Topic 842, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a lease asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on its balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 also expands the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures surrounding leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has determined that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will currently have no impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” (“ASU 2015-17”). The standard requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet rather than being separated into current and noncurrent. The guidance was effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the guidance with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, to clarify the principles used to recognize revenue for all entities. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 to further clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The Company has determined that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will currently have no impact on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company reviews new accounting standards as issued. Although some of these accounting standards issued or effective after the end of the Company’s previous fiscal year may be applicable, the Company has not identified any standards that the Company believes merit further discussion other than as discussed above. The Company believes that none of the new standards will have a significant impact on the financial statements.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) amounts. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period presented. Diluted EPS amounts are based upon the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period presented. The Company has not included the effects of warrants, stock options and convertible debt on net loss per share because to do so would be antidilutive.

Following is the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Basic and Diluted EPS Computation
Numerator:
Loss available to common stockholders'	$	(851,446	)	$	(302,636	)	$	(2,693,646	)	$	(1,610,880	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		75,123,280			69,955,847			73,837,107			69,695,772
Basic and diluted EPS	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)
The shares listed below were not included in the computation of diluted losses
per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the periods presented:
Stock options		545,000			445,000			545,000			445,000
Warrants		2,689,158			7,380,503			2,689,158			7,380,503
Convertible debt		647,813			623,067			647,813			623,067
Total shares not included in the computation of diluted losses per share		3,881,971			8,448,570			3,881,971			8,448,570

The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") amounts. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period presented. Diluted EPS amounts are based upon the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period presented. The Company has not included the effects of warrants, stock options and convertible debt on net loss per share because to do so would be antidilutive.

Following is the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

	Years Ended
	December 31,
	2016			2015
Basic and Diluted EPS Computation
Numerator:
Loss available to common stockholders'	$	(2,077,889	)	$	(1,318,507	)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		69,772,485			67,233,254
Basic and diluted EPS	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.02	)
The shares listed below were not included in the computation of diluted losses per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the periods presented:
Stock options		385,000			257,500
Warrants		7,280,503			8,970,000
Convertible debt		464,428			-
Total shares not included in the computation of diluted losses per share		8,129,931			9,227,500