Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Taxes
Income Taxes	H) Income Taxes. Income tax benefit was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Income tax benefit for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 and income tax expense for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 were based on the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, increased by state income taxes, and reduced by permanent adjustments and research tax credits. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The Act contained specific relief and stimulus measures including allowing net operating losses originating in 2018 through 2020 to be carried back five years to offset taxable income in the carryback period. Separately, the enactment of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act in 2017 allowed taxpayers to claim a refund for alternative minimum tax credits over a period of years. The CARES Act enacted during the quarter allows for the entire amount of the credit to be refunded in 2020. We have reviewed the impact of the CARES Act enactment on the income tax provision and have determined that, as a result of the net operating loss carryback provision, we can obtain a tax benefit if we were to carry back the forecasted 2020 net operating loss to the five year carryback period. The carryback of the estimated loss would result in a refundable alternative minimum tax credit of approximately $736,000 and an increase in research credit carryforwards previously utilized. The alternative minimum tax credit can be refunded in the future, if we decide to carry back the loss reported on the filed 2020 tax return instead of electing to carry the loss forward. Due to the recent loss history and continued uncertainty surrounding our future projections of income, we will benefit from the current year loss to the extent of the available tax refund and will maintain a full valuation allowance on all other deferred tax assets, including any increase in research credit carryforward resulting from a potential carryback. As of the end of the period, we have not made a determination on whether to elect to carry forward the 2020 operating loss, however, the alternative minimum tax refund potential on carryback represents a minimum tax benefit we can obtain from the estimated 2020 loss. We can realize a tax benefit to the extent of the carryback refund potential as it is considered a source of income against which to utilize the 2020 estimated loss. The total estimated benefit of the alternative minimum tax refund of $736,000 is included in our projection of our annual effective rate and results in a year to date benefit of approximately $146,000 as of March 31, 2020. We recorded the year to date tax benefit as a long term tax receivable.

H) Income Taxes. Income tax benefit was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Income tax benefit for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 and income tax expense for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 were based on the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, increased by state income taxes, and reduced by permanent adjustments and research tax credits.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The Act contained specific relief and stimulus measures including allowing net operating losses originating in 2018 through 2020 to be carried back five years to offset taxable income in the carryback period.

Separately, the enactment of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act in 2017 allowed taxpayers to claim a refund for alternative minimum tax credits over a period of years. The CARES Act enacted during the quarter allows for the entire amount of the credit to be refunded in 2020.

We have reviewed the impact of the CARES Act enactment on the income tax provision and have determined that, as a result of the net operating loss carryback provision, we can obtain a tax benefit if we were to carry back the forecasted 2020 net operating loss to the five year carryback period.

The carryback of the estimated loss would result in a refundable alternative minimum tax credit of approximately $736,000 and an increase in research credit carryforwards previously utilized. The alternative minimum tax credit can be refunded in the future, if we decide to carry back the loss reported on the filed 2020 tax return instead of electing to carry the loss forward. Due to the recent loss history and continued uncertainty surrounding our future projections of income, we will benefit from the current year loss to the extent of the available tax refund and will maintain a full valuation allowance on all other deferred tax assets, including any increase in research credit carryforward resulting from a potential carryback.

As of the end of the period, we have not made a determination on whether to elect to carry forward the 2020 operating loss, however, the alternative minimum tax refund potential on carryback represents a minimum tax benefit we can obtain from the estimated 2020 loss. We can realize a tax benefit to the extent of the carryback refund potential as it is considered a source of income against which to utilize the 2020 estimated loss.

The total estimated benefit of the alternative minimum tax refund of $736,000 is included in our projection of our annual effective rate and results in a year to date benefit of approximately $146,000 as of March 31, 2020. We recorded the year to date tax benefit as a long term tax receivable.