10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 _________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________________________

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to

Commission File Number 001-35077

_____________________________________ 

WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Illinois	36-3873352
(State of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9700 W. Higgins Road, Suite 800

Rosemont, Illinois 60018

(Address of principal executive offices)

(847) 939-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of Each Class	Ticker Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, no par value	WTFC	The NASDAQ Global Select Market
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D, no par value	WTFCM	The NASDAQ Global Select Market
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/1,000th Interest in a Share of	WTFCP	The NASDAQ Global Select Market
6.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, no par value

____________________________________ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	☑		Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ☐    No  ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock — no par value, 66,492,204 shares, as of October 31, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PART I. — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements	1
ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	48
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	76
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	78
	PART II. — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	78
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	79
ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	79
ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	NA
ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	NA
ITEM 5.	Other Information	79
ITEM 6.	Exhibits	80
	Signatures	81

PART I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	725,465	$	423,404	$	418,088
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	5,663		60		60
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	3,648,117		2,084,323		2,448,570
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	3,912,232		3,502,915		3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of $479, $347 and $381 at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively ($3.1 billion, $3.2 billion and $3.1 billion fair value at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively)	3,677,420		3,856,916		3,909,150
Trading account securities	3,472		4,707		1,663
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310		139,268		134,310
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock	266,908		205,003		204,040
Brokerage customer receivables	16,662		10,592		14,042
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	461,067		292,722		304,808
Loans, net of unearned income	47,067,447		42,131,831		41,446,032
Allowance for loan losses	(360,279)		(344,235)		(315,039)
Net loans	46,707,168		41,787,596		41,130,993
Premises, software and equipment, net	772,002		748,966		747,501
Lease investments, net	270,171		281,280		275,152
Accrued interest receivable and other assets	1,721,090		1,551,899		1,674,681
Trade date securities receivable	551,031		690,722		—
Goodwill	800,780		656,672		656,109
Other acquisition-related intangible assets	123,866		22,889		24,244
Total assets	$	63,788,424	$	56,259,934	$	55,555,246
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing	$	10,739,132	$	10,420,401	$	10,347,006
Interest-bearing	40,665,834		34,976,769		34,645,680
Total deposits	51,404,966		45,397,170		44,992,686
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	3,171,309		2,326,071		2,326,071
Other borrowings	647,043		645,813		643,999
Subordinated notes	298,188		437,866		437,731
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566		253,566		253,566
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	1,613,638		1,799,922		1,885,580
Total liabilities	57,388,710		50,860,408		50,539,633
Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized:
Series D - $25 liquidation value; 5,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023	125,000		125,000		125,000
Series E - $25,000 liquidation value; 11,500 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023	287,500		287,500		287,500
Common stock, no par value; $1.00 stated value; 100,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023;66,546,351 shares issued at September 30, 2024, 61,268,566 shares issued at December 31, 2023 and 61,243,622 shares issued at September 30, 2023	66,546		61,269		61,244
Surplus	2,470,228		1,943,806		1,933,226
Treasury stock, at cost, 64,808 shares at September 30, 2024, 24,940 shares at December 31, 2023, and 21,564 shares at September 30, 2023	(6,098)		(2,217)		(1,966)
Retained earnings	3,748,715		3,345,399		3,253,332
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(292,177)		(361,231)		(642,723)
Total shareholders’ equity	6,399,714		5,399,526		5,015,613
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	63,788,424	$	56,259,934	$	55,555,246

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

1

WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$	794,163	$	666,260	$	2,254,316	$	1,846,009
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	6,233		4,767		15,813		12,473
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	32,608		26,866		68,997		57,216
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	277		1,157		313		1,228
Investment securities	69,592		59,164		209,049		170,350
Trading account securities	11		6		42		26
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock	5,451		3,896		14,903		11,120
Brokerage customer receivables	269		284		663		844
Total interest income	908,604		762,400		2,564,096		2,099,266
Interest expense
Interest on deposits	362,019		262,783		997,254		621,080
Interest on Federal Home Loan Bank advances	26,254		17,436		73,099		53,970
Interest on other borrowings	9,013		9,384		26,961		25,723
Interest on subordinated notes	3,712		5,491		14,384		16,502
Interest on junior subordinated debentures	5,023		4,948		15,011		14,101
Total interest expense	406,021		300,042		1,126,709		731,376
Net interest income	502,583		462,358		1,437,387		1,367,890
Provision for credit losses	22,334		19,923		84,068		71,482
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	480,249		442,435		1,353,319		1,296,408
Non-interest income
Wealth management	37,224		33,529		107,452		97,332
Mortgage banking	15,974		27,395		72,761		75,640
Service charges on deposit accounts	16,430		14,217		46,787		40,728
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	3,189		(2,357)		233		(959)
Fees from covered call options	988		4,215		7,891		17,184
Trading (losses) gains, net	(130)		728		617		1,647
Operating lease income, net	15,335		13,863		43,383		39,136
Other	24,137		20,888		95,750		62,569
Total non-interest income	113,147		112,478		374,874		333,277
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	211,261		192,338		604,975		554,042
Software and equipment	31,574		25,951		88,536		76,853
Operating lease equipment	10,518		12,020		32,035		31,669
Occupancy, net	19,945		21,304		58,616		58,966
Data processing	9,984		10,773		28,779		29,908
Advertising and marketing	18,239		18,169		48,715		47,909
Professional fees	9,783		8,887		29,303		25,990
Amortization of other acquisition-related intangible assets	4,042		1,408		6,322		4,142
FDIC insurance	10,512		9,748		35,478		27,425
Other real estate owned expense, net	(938)		120		(805)		31
Other	35,767		29,337		102,231		92,912
Total non-interest expense	360,687		330,055		1,034,185		949,847
Income before taxes	232,709		224,858		694,008		679,838
Income tax expense	62,708		60,660		184,325		180,692
Net income	$	170,001	$	164,198	$	509,683	$	499,146
Preferred stock dividends	6,991		6,991		20,973		20,973
Net income applicable to common shares	$	163,010	$	157,207	$	488,710	$	478,173
Net income per common share—Basic	$	2.51	$	2.57	$	7.79	$	7.82
Net income per common share—Diluted	$	2.47	$	2.53	$	7.67	$	7.71
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.45	$	0.40	$	1.35	$	1.20
Weighted average common shares outstanding	64,888		61,213		62,743		61,119
Dilutive potential common shares	1,053		964		934		888
Average common shares and dilutive common shares	65,941		62,177		63,677		62,007

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

2

WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net income	$	170,001	$	164,198	$	509,683	$	499,146
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities
Before tax	168,166		(178,080)		69,510		(177,271)
Tax effect	(43,688)		47,458		(17,594)		47,243
Net of tax	124,478		(130,622)		51,916		(130,028)
Reclassification of net gains on available-for-sale securities included in net income
Before tax	45		158		1,223		720
Tax effect	(6)		(40)		(318)		(192)
Net of tax	39		118		905		528
Reclassification of amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale
Before tax	14		31		78		102
Tax effect	(4)		(8)		(21)		(27)
Net of tax	10		23		57		75
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	124,429		(130,763)		50,954		(130,631)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
Before tax	124,848		(43,082)		31,914		(114,847)
Tax effect	(32,460)		11,482		(7,879)		30,607
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments	92,388		(31,600)		24,035		(84,240)
Foreign currency adjustment
Before tax	3,884		(8,359)		(7,323)		(942)
Tax effect	(680)		2,089		1,388		726
Net foreign currency adjustment	3,204		(6,270)		(5,935)		(216)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	220,021		(168,633)		69,054		(215,087)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	390,022	$	(4,435)	$	578,737	$	284,059

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Preferred stock		Common stock		Surplus		Treasury stock		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Total shareholders’ equity
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	412,500	$	61,219	$	1,923,623	$	(1,966)	$	3,120,626	$	(474,090)	$	5,041,912
Net income	—		—		—		—		164,198		—		164,198
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		(168,633)		(168,633)
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.40 per share	—		—		—		—		(24,501)		—		(24,501)
Dividends on Series D preferred stock, $0.41 per share and Series E preferred stock, $429.69 per share	—		—		—		—		(6,991)		—		(6,991)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		8,130		—		—		—		8,130
Common stock issued for:
Restricted stock awards	—		13		(13)		—		—		—		—
Employee stock purchase plan	—		12		804		—		—		—		816
Director compensation plan	—		—		682		—		—		—		682
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	412,500	$	61,244	$	1,933,226	$	(1,966)	$	3,253,332	$	(642,723)	$	5,015,613
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	412,500	$	60,797	$	1,902,474	$	(304)	$	2,849,007	$	(427,636)	$	4,796,838
Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2022-02 (TDR), net of tax	—		—		—		—		(544)		—		(544)
Net income	—		—		—		—		499,146		—		499,146
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		(215,087)		(215,087)
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $1.20 per share	—		—		—		—		(73,304)		—		(73,304)
Dividends on Series D preferred stock, $1.23 per share and Series E preferred stock, $1,289.07 per share	—		—		—		—		(20,973)		—		(20,973)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		24,532		—		—		—		24,532
Common stock issued for:
Exercise of stock options	—		54		2,162		—		—		—		2,216
Restricted stock awards	—		296		(296)		(1,662)		—		—		(1,662)
Employee stock purchase plan	—		34		2,384		—		—		—		2,418
Director compensation plan	—		63		1,970		—		—		—		2,033
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	412,500	$	61,244	$	1,933,226	$	(1,966)	$	3,253,332	$	(642,723)	$	5,015,613
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	412,500	$	61,825	$	1,964,645	$	(5,760)	$	3,615,616	$	(512,198)	$	5,536,628
Net income	—		—		—		—		170,001		—		170,001
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		220,021		220,021
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.45 per share	—		—		—		—		(29,911)		—		(29,911)
Dividends on Series D preferred stock, $0.41 per share and Series E preferred stock, $429.69 per share	—		—		—		—		(6,991)		—		(6,991)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		9,461		—		—		—		9,461
Common stock issued for:
Acquisition of Macatawa Bank Corporation	—		4,702		494,537		—		—		—		499,239
Restricted stock awards	—		10		(10)		(338)		—		—		(338)
Employee stock purchase plan	—		9		788		—		—		—		797
Director compensation plan	—		—		807		—		—		—		807
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	412,500	$	66,546	$	2,470,228	$	(6,098)	$	3,748,715	$	(292,177)	$	6,399,714
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	412,500	$	61,269	$	1,943,806	$	(2,217)	$	3,345,399	$	(361,231)	$	5,399,526
Net income	—		—		—		—		509,683		—		509,683
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		69,054		69,054
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $1.35 per share	—		—		—		—		(85,394)		—		(85,394)
Dividends on Series D preferred stock, $1.23 per share and Series E preferred stock, $1,289.07 per share	—		—		—		—		(20,973)		—		(20,973)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		27,568		—		—		—		27,568
Common stock issued for:
Acquisition of Macatawa Bank Corporation	—		4,702		494,537		—		—		—		499,239
Exercise of stock options	—		1		24		—		—		—		25
Restricted stock awards	—		533		(529)		(3,881)		—		—		(3,877)
Employee stock purchase plan	—		26		2,414		—		—		—		2,440
Director compensation plan	—		15		2,408		—		—		—		2,423
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	412,500	$	66,546	$	2,470,228	$	(6,098)	$	3,748,715	$	(292,177)	$	6,399,714

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	509,683	$	499,146
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Provision for credit losses	84,068		71,482
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net	70,884		62,591
Stock-based compensation expense	27,568		24,532
(Accretion) amortization of discount/premium on securities, net	(1,380)		1,201
Accretion of discount and deferred fees on loans, net	(11,876)		(13,105)
Mortgage servicing rights fair value changes	26,106		13,065
Non-designated derivatives fair value changes, net	54,507		(271)
Originations and purchases of mortgage loans held-for-sale	(1,964,576)		(1,532,325)
Early buy-out exercises of mortgage loans held-for-sale guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, net of subsequent paydowns or payoffs	(22,558)		9,323
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held-for-sale	1,824,513		1,500,870
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) gains	(4,519)		(2,849)
Decrease (increase) in trading securities, net	1,235		(536)
(Increase) decrease in brokerage customer receivables, net	(6,070)		2,345
Gains on mortgage loans sold	(47,978)		(27,777)
Gains on premium financing receivables sold	(4,575)		(890)
(Gains) losses on investment securities, net	(233)		959
(Gains) losses on sales of premises and equipment, net	(93)		1,547
(Gains) losses on sales and fair value adjustments of other real estate owned, net	(1,234)		121
Increase in accrued interest receivable and other assets, net	(46,711)		(269,677)
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities, net	(256,022)		156,697
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	230,739		496,449
Investing Activities:
Proceeds from calls and sales of available-for-sale securities	1,218,695		1,879,682
Proceeds from payments and maturities of available-for-sale securities	360,773		227,519
Proceeds from payments, maturities and calls of held-to-maturity securities	178,553		138,154
Proceeds from sales of equity securities with readily determinable fair value	51,792		23,592
Proceeds from sales and capital distributions of equity securities without readily determinable fair value	2,226		67
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(1,116,875)		(1,731,266)
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities	—		(407,527)
Purchases of equity securities with readily determinable fair value	(33,322)		(45,954)
Purchases of equity securities without readily determinable fair value	(6,933)		(9,350)
(Purchases) redemptions of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, net	(61,905)		20,719
Distributions from investments in partnerships, net	2,586		5,540
Net cash received (paid) in business combinations	531,308		(5,147)
Proceeds from sales of premium financing receivables, net	627,450		405,560
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	11,481		1,635
Increase in interest-bearing deposits with banks, net	(1,566,241)		(458,115)
Increase in loans, net	(4,361,365)		(2,644,535)
Redemption of BOLI	304		553
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(66,457)		(29,218)
Net Cash Used for Investing Activities	(4,227,930)		(2,628,091)
Financing Activities:
Increase in deposit accounts, net	3,697,621		2,090,137
Increase in other borrowings, net	7,352		48,016
Increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances, net	845,238		10,000
Cash payments to settle contingent consideration liabilities recognized in business combinations	—		(57)
Repayment of subordinated notes	(140,000)		—
Issuance of common shares resulting from the exercise of stock options, employee stock purchase plan and director compensation plan	4,892		6,667
Common stock repurchases for tax withholdings related to stock-based compensation	(3,881)		(1,662)
Dividends paid	(106,367)		(94,277)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	4,304,855		2,058,824
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents	307,664		(72,818)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	423,464		490,966
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	731,128	$	418,148

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1) Basis of Presentation

The interim consolidated financial statements of Wintrust Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Wintrust” or the “Company”) presented herein are unaudited, but in the opinion of management, reflect all necessary adjustments of a normal or recurring nature for a fair presentation of results as of the dates and for the periods covered by the interim consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited and do not include information or footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”). Operating results reported for the period are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire year. Reclassifications of certain prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Management believes that the estimates made are reasonable; however, changes in estimates may be required if economic or other conditions develop differently from management’s expectations. Certain policies and accounting principles inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. Management views critical accounting policies to be those which are highly dependent on subjective or complex judgments, estimates and assumptions, and where changes in those estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the financial statements. Management currently views the determination of the allowance for credit losses, including the allowance for loan losses, the allowance for unfunded commitment losses and the allowance for held-to-maturity securities losses, estimations of fair value, the valuations required for impairment testing of goodwill, the valuation and accounting for derivative instruments and income taxes as the accounting areas that require the most subjective and complex judgments, and as such could be the most subject to revision as new information becomes available. Descriptions of the Company’s significant accounting policies are included in Note (1) “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2023 Form 10-K. In preparation of these financial statements, subsequent events were evaluated through the time the financial statements were issued. Financial statements are considered issued when they are widely distributed to all shareholders and other financial statement users or filed with the SEC.

(2) Recent Accounting Developments

Equity Method and Joint Ventures - Investments in Tax Credit Structures

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method,” which allows reporting entities the option to apply the proportional amortization method to other tax credit programs besides the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit structures. The guidance requires application of the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than electing the method at the reporting level entity level. The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-02 as of January 1, 2024. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Segment Reporting

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” to enhance public entity disclosures regarding significant segment expenses which are regularly reported to an entity’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) and included in a segment’s reported profit or loss. This ASU requires disclosure of the amount and composition of “other segment items,” the title and position of the CODM, and how the CODM uses reported measures of profit or loss to assess segment performance. Further, the guidance requires certain segment disclosures previously provided only annually, on an interim basis. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

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Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This ASU requires annually that all entities disclose increasingly disaggregated information on amount of income taxes paid. Further, this ASU requires annually that all public entities must disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a specific quantitative threshold. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and is to be applied either on a prospective basis or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Compensation – Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-01, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards” which clarifies the guidance by providing an illustrative example to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance in Topic 718 when determining whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718. For public business entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein, and is to be applied either on a prospective basis or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

(3) Business Combinations

On August 1, 2024, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition of Macatawa Bank Corporation (“Macatawa”), the parent company of Macatawa Bank. Pursuant to the terms of the merger, each common share of Macatawa outstanding at the time of merger was converted into the right to receive 0.137 shares of Wintrust common stock, with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares. As a result, the Company issued approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock, the fair value of consideration paid was $499.3 million. Macatawa operates 26 full-service branches located throughout communities in Kent, Ottawa and northern Allegan counties in the state of Michigan. Macatawa offers a full range of banking, retail and commercial lending, wealth management and ecommerce services to individuals, businesses and governmental entities. As of August 1, 2024, Macatawa had approximately $2.7 billion in assets, $2.3 billion in deposits and $1.3 billion in loans. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company recorded $53.7 million discount on acquired loans, $33.5 million discount on securities and recorded total intangibles of $251.9 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred $1.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively, in acquisition expenses related to the acquisition of Macatawa. The initial purchase accounting for the acquisition, in accordance with GAAP, for this business combination is not finalized and is therefore subject to change.

On April 3, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of Rothschild & Co Asset Management US Inc. and Rothschild & Co Risk Based Investments LLC from Rothschild & Co North America Inc. As of the acquisition date, the Company acquired approximately $12.6 million in net assets. As the transaction was determined to be a business combination, the Company recorded goodwill of approximately $2.6 million on the purchase.

(4) Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Company considers cash and cash equivalents to include cash on hand, cash items in the process of collection, non-interest bearing amounts due from correspondent banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of three months or less. These items are included within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as cash and due from banks, and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.

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(5) Investment Securities

The following tables are a summary of the investment securities portfolios as of the dates shown:

	September 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	98,151	$	172	$	—	$	98,323
U.S. government agencies	50,000		—		(2,346)		47,654
Municipal	201,701		1,392		(2,881)		200,212
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	83,997		—		(4,880)		79,117
Other	1,000		—		—		1,000
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	3,694,382		8,143		(394,844)		3,307,681
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	19,088		308		(255)		19,141
Collateralized mortgage obligations	172,524		1,537		(14,957)		159,104
Total available-for-sale securities	$	4,320,843	$	11,552	$	(420,163)	$	3,912,232
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. government agencies	$	314,578	$	—	$	(56,198)	$	258,380
Municipal	165,141		488		(2,910)		162,719
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,915,018		5,541		(485,115)		2,435,444
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	6,379		40		(126)		6,293
Collateralized mortgage obligations	219,758		1,457		(17,303)		203,912
Corporate notes	57,025		—		(1,953)		55,072
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,677,899	$	7,526	$	(563,605)	$	3,121,820
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(479)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,677,420
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	127,700	$	4,313	$	(6,703)	$	125,310

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

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	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	6,960	$	8	$	—	$	6,968
U.S. government agencies	50,000		—		(4,876)		45,124
Municipal	144,299		657		(3,998)		140,958
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	83,996		—		(8,456)		75,540
Other	1,000		—		(9)		991
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential Mortgage-backed securities	3,505,012		1,392		(446,784)		3,059,620
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	13,201		68		(289)		12,980
Collateralized mortgage obligations	175,346		1,400		(16,012)		160,734
Total available-for-sale securities	$	3,979,814	$	3,525	$	(480,424)	$	3,502,915
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. government agencies	$	336,468	$	—	$	(67,058)	$	269,410
Municipal	172,933		565		(3,778)		169,720
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential Mortgage-backed securities	3,042,828		1,922		(549,265)		2,495,485
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	6,415		—		(184)		6,231
Collateralized mortgage obligations	241,075		978		(21,502)		220,551
Corporate notes	57,544		7		(3,480)		54,071
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,857,263	$	3,472	$	(645,267)	$	3,215,468
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(347)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,856,916
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	143,312	$	3,500	$	(7,544)	$	139,268

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

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	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	4,930	$	1	$	—	$	4,931
U.S. government agencies	80,000		—		(7,570)		72,430
Municipal	177,208		49		(8,734)		168,523
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	83,995		—		(8,368)		75,627
Other	1,000		—		(21)		979
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Mortgage-backed securities	3,862,871		—		(656,135)		3,206,736
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	13,179		—		(802)		12,377
Collateralized mortgage obligations	92,540		—		(22,308)		70,232
Total available-for-sale securities	$	4,315,723	$	50	$	(703,938)	$	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. government agencies	$	339,598	$	—	$	(87,897)	$	251,701
Municipal	176,262		123		(11,230)		165,155
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Mortgage-backed securities	3,082,314		—		(717,444)		2,364,870
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	6,425		—		(477)		5,948
Collateralized mortgage obligations	247,215		—		(29,798)		217,417
Corporate notes	57,717		—		(4,849)		52,868
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,909,531	$	123	$	(851,695)	$	3,057,959
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(381)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,909,150
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	140,749	$	3,290	$	(9,729)	$	134,310

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values totaled $64.1 million as of September 30, 2024. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are included as part of accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition. The Company monitors its equity investments without readily determinable fair values to identify potential transactions that may indicate an observable price change in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, requiring adjustment to its carrying amount. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the Company recorded no upward or downward adjustments related to such observable price changes. The Company conducts a quarterly assessment of its equity securities without readily determinable fair values to determine whether impairment exists in such securities, considering, among other factors, the nature of the securities, financial condition of the issuer and expected future cash flows. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded no impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded $3.7 million of impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $489,000 impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values.

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The following table presents the portion of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities portfolios that have gross unrealized losses, reflecting the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024:

	Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months				Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	—		—		47,654		(2,346)		47,654		(2,346)
Municipal	10,111		(54)		68,124		(2,827)		78,235		(2,881)
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	—		—		79,117		(4,880)		79,117		(4,880)
Other	—		—		1,000		—		1,000		—
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	98,365		(1,252)		2,292,584		(393,592)		2,390,949		(394,844)
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	2,999		(20)		3,295		(235)		6,294		(255)
Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		71,277		(14,957)		71,277		(14,957)
Total available-for-sale securities	$	111,475	$	(1,326)	$	2,563,051	$	(418,837)	$	2,674,526	$	(420,163)

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

The Company conducts a regular assessment of its investment securities to determine whether securities are experiencing credit losses. Factors for consideration include the nature of the securities, credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer, the extent of the unrealized loss, expected cash flows, market conditions and the Company’s ability to hold the securities through the anticipated recovery period.

The Company does not consider available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses at September 30, 2024 to be experiencing credit losses and recognized no resulting allowance for credit losses for such individually assessed credit losses. The Company does not intend to sell these investments and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these investments before recovery of the amortized cost bases, which may be the maturity dates of the securities. The unrealized losses within each category have occurred as a result of changes in interest rates, market spreads and market conditions subsequent to purchase. Available-for-sale securities with continuous unrealized losses existing for more than twelve months at September 30, 2024 were primarily mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses due to increased market rates during such period.

See Note (7) “Allowance for Credit Losses” in Item 1 of this report for further discussion regarding any credit losses associated with held-to-maturity securities at September 30, 2024.

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The following table provides information as to the amount of gross gains and losses, adjustments and impairment on investment securities recognized in earnings and proceeds received through the sale or call of investment securities:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Realized gains on investment securities	$	222	$	225	$	2,582	$	836
Realized losses on investment securities	(144)		(9)		(273)		(60)
Net realized gains on investment securities	78		216		2,309		776
Unrealized gains on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	3,126		10		4,234		2,984
Unrealized losses on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	(15)		(2,094)		(2,579)		(4,230)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	3,111		(2,084)		1,655		(1,246)
Impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	—		(489)		(3,731)		(489)
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	$	3,189	$	(2,357)	$	233	$	(959)

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown in the following table. Contractual maturities may differ from actual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary as actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the underlying mortgages may be called or prepaid without penalties:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023				September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
Due in one year or less	$	150,539	$	150,627	$	53,162	$	52,945	$	99,892	$	99,525
Due in one to five years	168,856		164,650		132,348		123,985		139,623		130,036
Due in five to ten years	91,620		89,220		82,040		76,869		43,199		38,074
Due after ten years	23,834		21,809		18,705		15,782		64,419		54,855
Mortgage-backed	3,885,994		3,485,926		3,693,559		3,233,334		3,968,590		3,289,345
Total available-for-sale securities	$	4,320,843	$	3,912,232	$	3,979,814	$	3,502,915	$	4,315,723	$	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities
Due in one year or less	$	12,026	$	11,883	$	5,169	$	5,142	$	2,248	$	2,241
Due in one to five years	110,330		108,416		109,602		105,835		103,104		96,546
Due in five to ten years	84,580		83,918		99,700		98,718		106,042		100,215
Due after ten years	329,808		271,954		352,474		283,506		362,183		270,722
Mortgage-backed	3,141,155		2,645,649		3,290,318		2,722,267		3,335,954		2,588,235
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,677,899	$	3,121,820	$	3,857,263	$	3,215,468	$	3,909,531	$	3,057,959
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(479)				(347)				(381)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,677,420			$	3,856,916			$	3,909,150

Securities having a carrying value of $7.2 billion at September 30, 2024 as well as securities having a carrying value of $6.9 billion and $7.1 billion at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, were pledged as collateral for public deposits, trust deposits, Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances and available lines of credit, securities sold under repurchase agreements and derivatives. At September 30, 2024, there were no securities of a single issuer, other than U.S. government-sponsored agency securities, which exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity.

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(6) Loans

The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio by category as of the dates shown:

	September 30,			December 31,			September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2023
Balance:
Commercial	$	15,247,693		$	12,832,053		$	12,725,473
Commercial real estate	12,793,417			11,344,164			10,946,180
Home equity	427,043			343,976			343,258
Residential real estate	3,388,038			2,769,666			2,707,603
Premium finance receivables—property & casualty	7,131,681			6,903,529			6,722,747
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	7,996,899			7,877,943			7,931,808
Consumer and other	82,676			60,500			68,963
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	47,067,447		$	42,131,831		$	41,446,032
Mix:
Commercial	33		%	30		%	31		%
Commercial real estate	27			27			26
Home equity	1			1			1
Residential real estate	7			7			7
Premium finance receivables—property & casualty	15			16			16
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	17			19			19
Consumer and other	0			0			0
Total loans, net of unearned income	100		%	100		%	100		%

The Company’s loan portfolio is generally comprised of loans to consumers and small to medium-sized businesses, which, for the commercial and commercial real estate portfolios, are located primarily within the geographic market areas that the banks serve. Various niche lending businesses, including franchise lending and insurance agency lending, operate on a national level. The premium finance receivables portfolios are made to customers throughout the United States and Canada. The Company strives to maintain a loan portfolio that is diverse in terms of loan type, industry, borrower, and geographic concentrations. Such diversification reduces the exposure to economic downturns that may occur in different segments of the economy or in different industries.

Certain premium finance receivables are recorded net of unearned income. The unearned income portions of such premium finance receivables were $266.1 million at September 30, 2024, $285.4 million at December 31, 2023 and $264.5 million at September 30, 2023.

Total loans, excluding purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans, include net deferred loan fees and costs and fair value purchase accounting adjustments totaling $79.4 million at September 30, 2024, $84.2 million at December 31, 2023 and $67.6 million at September 30, 2023.

It is the policy of the Company to review each prospective credit in order to determine the appropriateness and, when required, the adequacy of security or collateral necessary to obtain when making a loan. The type of collateral, when required, will vary from liquid assets to real estate. The Company seeks to ensure access to collateral, in the event of default, through adherence to state lending laws and the Company’s credit monitoring procedures.

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Acquired Loan Information — PCD Loans

As part of the Company’s prior acquisitions, the Company acquired loans that were classified as PCD based upon various factors as of the acquisition date, including internal risk rating methodologies and prior performance under the acquiree. The following table provides estimated details as of the date of acquisition on PCD loans acquired in 2024:

(In thousands)	Macatawa
Contractually required payments (unpaid principal balance)	$	169,472
Allowance for credit losses	(3,004)
Discount, net of any premium	(4,529)
Purchase price of PCD loans acquired	$	161,939

(7) Allowance for Credit Losses

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326, the Company is required to measure the allowance for credit losses of financial assets with similar risk characteristics on a collective or pooled basis. In considering the segmentation of financial assets measured at amortized cost into pools, the Company considered various risk characteristics in its analysis. Generally, the segmentation utilized represents the level at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses for the financial assets held at amortized cost, specifically the Company's loan portfolio and debt securities classified as held-to-maturity. Descriptions of the Company’s loan portfolio segments and major debt security types are included in Note (5) “Allowance for Credit Losses” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

In accordance with ASC 326, the Company elected to not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest. As such accrued interest is written off in a timely manner when deemed uncollectible. Any such write-off of accrued interest will reverse previously recognized interest income. In addition, the Company elected to not include accrued interest within presentation and disclosures of the carrying amount of financial assets held at amortized cost. This election is applicable to the various disclosures included within the Company's financial statements. Accrued interest related to financial assets held at amortized cost is included within accrued interest receivable and other assets within the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition and totaled $351.5 million at September 30, 2024, $304.5 million at December 31, 2023, and $290.9 million at September 30, 2023.

The tables below show the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio by the segmentation noted above at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

As of September 30, 2024			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	63,826	$	20	$	32,560	$	46,057	$	15,105,230	$	15,247,693
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	2,284		—		757		1,798		2,398,851		2,403,690
Non-construction	39,787		225		12,682		46,548		10,290,485		10,389,727
Home equity	1,122		—		1,035		2,580		422,306		427,043
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	17,959		—		6,364		2,160		3,226,166		3,252,649
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	36,079		18,235		18,740		30,204		7,028,423		7,131,681
Life insurance loans	—		—		10,902		74,432		7,911,565		7,996,899
Consumer and other	2		148		22		264		82,240		82,676
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	161,059	$	18,628	$	83,062	$	204,043	$	46,465,266	$	46,932,058
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	—		43,358		150		—		91,881		135,389
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	161,059	$	61,986	$	83,212	$	204,043	$	46,557,147	$	47,067,447

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As of December 31, 2023			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	38,940	$	98	$	19,488	$	85,743	$	12,687,784	$	12,832,053
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	2,205		—		251		1,343		2,080,242		2,084,041
Non-construction	33,254		—		8,264		19,291		9,199,314		9,260,123
Home equity	1,341		—		62		2,263		340,310		343,976
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	15,391		—		2,325		22,942		2,578,425		2,619,083
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	27,590		20,135		23,236		50,437		6,782,131		6,903,529
Life insurance loans	—		—		16,206		45,464		7,816,273		7,877,943
Consumer and other	22		54		25		165		60,234		60,500
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	118,743	$	20,287	$	69,857	$	227,648	$	41,544,713	$	41,981,248
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	—		57,688		250		328		92,317		150,583
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	118,743	$	77,975	$	70,107	$	227,976	$	41,637,030	$	42,131,831

(1)Early buy-out loans are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, subject to indemnifications and insurance limits for certain loans.

As of September 30, 2023			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	43,569	$	200	$	22,889	$	35,681	$	12,623,134	$	12,725,473
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	8,384		—		2,438		31,292		1,851,659		1,893,773
Non-construction	8,659		1,092		4,957		29,692		9,008,007		9,052,407
Home equity	1,363		—		219		1,668		340,008		343,258
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	16,103		—		1,145		904		2,520,478		2,538,630
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	26,756		16,253		16,552		31,919		6,631,267		6,722,747
Life insurance loans	—		10,679		41,894		14,972		7,864,263		7,931,808
Consumer and other	16		27		196		519		68,205		68,963
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	104,850	$	28,251	$	90,290	$	146,647	$	40,907,021	$	41,277,059
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	117		57,558		2,116		—		109,182		168,973
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	104,967	$	85,809	$	92,406	$	146,647	$	41,016,203	$	41,446,032

(1)Early buy-out loans are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, subject to indemnifications and insurance limits for certain loans.

Credit Quality Indicators

Credit quality indicators, specifically the Company's internal risk rating systems, reflect how the Company monitors credit losses and represents factors used by the Company when measuring the allowance for credit losses. Descriptions of the Company’s credit quality indicators by financial asset are included in Note (5) “Allowance for Credit Losses” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

The table below shows the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and year of origination at September 30, 2024:

	Year of Origination														Revolving		Total
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving		to Term		Loans
Loan Balances:
Commercial, industrial and other
Pass	$	2,460,772	$	2,366,998	$	1,841,838	$	1,219,759	$	463,726	$	1,115,942	$	5,053,494	$	13,568	$	14,536,097
Special mention	6,148		68,788		72,908		80,229		13,257		17,456		164,169		1,474		424,429
Substandard accrual	3,789		47,800		42,374		29,408		7,256		13,029		79,030		655		223,341
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	500		5,536		6,980		9,331		1,084		8,547		31,619		229		63,826
Total commercial, industrial and other	$	2,471,209	$	2,489,122	$	1,964,100	$	1,338,727	$	485,323	$	1,154,974	$	5,328,312	$	15,926	$	15,247,693
Construction and development
Pass	$	196,556	$	573,342	$	965,654	$	289,324	$	95,193	$	149,561	$	17,560	$	—	$	2,287,190

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Special mention	—		417		14,990		—		—		14,794		3,780		—		33,981
Substandard accrual	—		757		18,999		1,102		1,777		57,600		—		—		80,235
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		251		—		—		2,033		—		—		—		2,284
Total construction and development	$	196,556	$	574,767	$	999,643	$	290,426	$	99,003	$	221,955	$	21,340	$	—	$	2,403,690
Non-construction
Pass	$	1,078,671	$	1,527,560	$	1,934,856	$	1,460,051	$	933,785	$	2,929,344	$	217,237	$	2,144	$	10,083,648
Special mention	3,613		13,006		29,415		35,222		5,298		51,144		1,688		—		139,386
Substandard accrual	158		3,876		14,103		31,573		29,718		47,478		—		—		126,906
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		1,173		453		586		—		37,575		—		—		39,787
Total non-construction	$	1,082,442	$	1,545,615	$	1,978,827	$	1,527,432	$	968,801	$	3,065,541	$	218,925	$	2,144	$	10,389,727
Home equity
Pass	$	70	$	—	$	45	$	175	$	—	$	6,771	$	398,843	$	4,608	$	410,512
Special mention	—		48		220		59		119		2,871		6,172		454		9,943
Substandard accrual	—		16		—		—		57		4,836		541		16		5,466
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		497		135		—		402		—		88		1,122
Total home equity	$	70	$	64	$	762	$	369	$	176	$	14,880	$	405,556	$	5,166	$	427,043
Residential real estate
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	4,594	$	3,743	$	3,759	$	5,206	$	118,087	$	—	$	—	$	135,389
Pass	584,491		535,419		834,543		774,793		211,510		258,425		—		—		3,199,181
Special mention	250		2,846		9,093		2,063		577		9,928		—		—		24,757
Substandard accrual	24		585		3,401		906		1,122		4,714		—		—		10,752
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	160		1,073		4,436		4,624		1,227		6,439		—		—		17,959
Total residential real estate	$	584,925	$	544,517	$	855,216	$	786,145	$	219,642	$	397,593	$	—	$	—	$	3,388,038
Premium finance receivables - property and casualty
Pass	$	6,827,867	$	169,649	$	—	$	6,351	$	71	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,003,938
Special mention	85,094		3,442		64		2		—		—		—		—		88,602
Substandard accrual	1,749		1,308		1		4		—		—		—		—		3,062
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	18,543		17,249		274		12		1		—		—		—		36,079
Total premium finance receivables - property and casualty	$	6,933,253	$	191,648	$	339	$	6,369	$	72	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,131,681
Premium finance receivables - life
Pass	$	1,232,306	$	6,740,906	$	3,929	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,977,141
Special mention	—		8,188		—		—		—		—		—		—		8,188
Substandard accrual	7,514		4,056		—		—		—		—		—		—		11,570
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total premium finance receivables - life	$	1,239,820	$	6,753,150	$	3,929	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,996,899
Consumer and other
Pass	$	3,319	$	3,545	$	839	$	983	$	88	$	16,145	$	57,448	$	—	$	82,367
Special mention	17		9		8		5		—		136		6		—		181
Substandard accrual	—		4		87		—		—		26		9		—		126
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		1		1		—		—		—		—		2
Total consumer and other	$	3,336	$	3,558	$	935	$	989	$	88	$	16,307	$	57,463	$	—	$	82,676
Total loans
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	4,594	$	3,743	$	3,759	$	5,206	$	118,087	$	—	$	—	$	135,389
Pass	12,384,052		11,917,419		5,581,704		3,751,436		1,704,373		4,476,188		5,744,582		20,320		45,580,074
Special mention	95,122		96,744		126,698		117,580		19,251		96,329		175,815		1,928		729,467
Substandard accrual	13,234		58,402		78,965		62,993		39,930		127,683		79,580		671		461,458
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	19,203		25,282		12,641		14,689		4,345		52,963		31,619		317		161,059
Total loans	$	12,511,611	$	12,102,441	$	5,803,751	$	3,950,457	$	1,773,105	$	4,871,250	$	6,031,596	$	23,236	$	47,067,447
Gross write offs
Nine months ended September 30, 2024	8,223		30,985		5,797		20,094		2,206		22,310		—		—		89,615

Held-to-maturity debt securities

The Company conducts an assessment of its investment securities, including those classified as held-to-maturity, at the time of purchase and on at least an annual basis to ensure such investment securities remain within appropriate levels of risk and continue to perform satisfactorily in fulfilling its obligations. The Company considers, among other factors, the nature of the

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securities and credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer. If available, the Company obtains a credit rating for issuers from a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) for consideration. If no such rating is available for an issuer, the Company performs an internal rating based on the scale utilized within the loan portfolio as discussed above. For purposes of the table below, the Company has converted any issuer rating from an NRSRO into the Company’s internal ratings based on Investment Policy and review by the Company’s management.

As of September 30, 2024	Year of Origination												Total
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Balance
Amortized Cost Balances:
U.S. government agencies
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	—	$	135,000	$	147,818	$	25,000	$	6,760	$	314,578
5-7 internal grade													—
8-10 internal grade													—
Total U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	—	$	135,000	$	147,818	$	25,000	$	6,760	$	314,578
Municipal
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	4,176	$	1,034	$	6,839	$	258	$	150,481	$	162,788
5-7 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		2,353		2,353
8-10 internal grade													—
Total municipal	$	—	$	4,176	$	1,034	$	6,839	$	258	$	152,834	$	165,141
Mortgage-backed securities
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	352,905	$	544,887	$	2,243,363	$	—	$	—	$	3,141,155
5-7 internal grade													—
8-10 internal grade													—
Total mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	352,905	$	544,887	$	2,243,363	$	—	$	—	$	3,141,155
Corporate notes
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	—	$	14,968	$	—	$	6,005	$	36,052	$	57,025
5-7 internal grade													—
8-10 internal grade													—
Total corporate notes	$	—	$	—	$	14,968	$	—	$	6,005	$	36,052	$	57,025
Total held-to-maturity securities													$	3,677,899
Less: Allowance for credit losses													(479)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses													$	3,677,420

Measurement of Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company's allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses, the allowance for unfunded commitment losses and the allowance for held-to-maturity debt security losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the Company measures the allowance for credit losses at the time of origination or purchase of a financial asset, representing an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses on the related asset. When developing its estimate, the Company considers available information relevant to assessing the collectability of cash flows, from both internal and external sources. Historical credit loss experience is one input in the estimation process as well as inputs relevant to current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In considering past events, the Company considers the relevance, or lack thereof, of historical information due to changes in such things as financial asset underwriting or collection practices, and changes in portfolio mix due to changing business plans and strategies. In considering current conditions and forecasts, the Company considers both the current economic environment and the forecasted direction of the economic environment with emphasis on those factors deemed relevant to or driving changes in expected credit losses. As significant judgment is required, the review of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses is performed quarterly by various committees with participation by the Company's executive management.

	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2023
Allowance for loan losses	$	360,279	$	344,235	$	315,039
Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments losses	75,435		83,030		84,111
Allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending-related commitments losses	435,714		427,265		399,150
Allowance for held-to-maturity securities losses	479		347		381
Allowance for credit losses	$	436,193	$	427,612	$	399,531

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The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective or pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist, based upon the segmentation discussed above. The Company utilizes modeling methodologies that estimate lifetime credit loss rates on each pool, including methodologies estimating the probability of default and loss given default on specific segments. Historical credit loss history is adjusted for reasonable and supportable forecasts developed by the Company on a quantitative or qualitative basis and incorporates third party economic forecasts. Reasonable and supportable forecasts consider the macroeconomic factors that are most relevant to evaluating and predicting expected credit losses in the Company's financial assets. Currently, the Company utilizes an eight quarter forecast period using a single macroeconomic scenario provided by a third party and reviewed within the Company's governance structure. For periods beyond the ability to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts, the Company reverts to historical loss rates at an input level, straight-line over a four quarter reversion period. Expected credit losses are measured over the contractual term of the financial asset with consideration of expected prepayments. Expected extensions, renewals or modifications of the financial asset are considered when the expected extension, renewal or modification is contained within the existing agreement and is not unconditionally cancelable. The methodologies discussed above are applied to both current asset balances on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition and off-balance sheet commitments (i.e. unfunded lending-related commitments).

Assets that do not share similar risk characteristics with a pool are assessed for the allowance for credit losses on an individual basis. These typically include assets experiencing financial difficulties, including assets rated as substandard nonaccrual and doubtful. If foreclosure is probable or the asset is considered collateral-dependent, expected credit losses are measured based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral adjusted for selling costs, if appropriate. Underlying collateral across the Company's segments consist primarily of real estate, land and construction assets as well as general business assets of the borrower. As of September 30, 2024, excluding loans carried at fair value, substandard nonaccrual loans totaling $62.7 million in carrying balance had no related allowance for credit losses.

The Company does not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances because these balances are written off in a timely manner as a reduction to interest income when assets are placed on nonaccrual status.

Loan portfolios

A summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses, specifically for the loan portfolio (i.e. allowance for loan losses and allowance for unfunded commitment losses), for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is as follows:

Three months ended September 30, 2024			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	181,991	$	223,728	$	7,242	$	8,773	$	14,746	$	589	$	437,069
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		30		—		30
Charge-offs	(22,975)		(95)		—		—		(7,794)		(154)		(31,018)
Recoveries	649		30		101		5		3,477		21		4,283
Provision for credit losses - Other	7,128		(4,162)		134		268		3,284		147		6,799
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	2,967		10,540		1,344		638		—		58		15,547
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	1,838		1,103		2		61		—		—		3,004
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	171,598	$	231,144	$	8,823	$	9,745	$	13,743	$	661	$	435,714
By measurement method:
Individually measured	$	21,573	$	5,958	$	50	$	48	$	—	$	1	$	27,630
Collectively measured	150,025		225,186		8,773		9,697		13,743		660		408,084
Loans at period end
Individually measured	$	63,826	$	42,071	$	1,122	$	17,565	$	—	$	2	$	124,586
Collectively measured	15,183,867		12,751,346		425,921		3,232,435		15,128,580		82,674		46,804,823
Loans held at fair value	—		—		—		138,038		—		—		138,038

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Three months ended September 30, 2023	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	143,142	$	215,696	$	6,967	$	12,252	$	9,046	$	277	$	387,380
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(60)		—		(60)
Charge-offs	(2,427)		(1,713)		(227)		(78)		(5,848)		(184)		(10,477)
Recoveries	1,162		243		33		1		906		14		2,359
Provision for credit losses	9,611		1,492		307		484		7,776		278		19,948
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	151,488	$	215,718	$	7,080	$	12,659	$	11,820	$	385	$	399,150
By measurement method:
Individually measured	$	9,773	$	5,408	$	—	$	109	$	—	$	12	$	15,302
Collectively measured	141,715		210,310		7,080		12,550		11,820		373		383,848
Loans at period end
Individually measured	$	43,569	$	17,043	$	1,363	$	15,946	$	—	$	16	$	77,937
Collectively measured	12,681,904		10,929,137		341,895		2,520,479		14,654,555		68,947		41,196,917
Loans held at fair value	—		—		—		171,178		—		—		171,178

Nine months ended September 30, 2024			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	169,604	$	223,853	$	7,116	$	13,133	$	13,069	$	490	$	427,265
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(20)		—		(20)
Charge-offs	(43,774)		(21,090)		(74)		(61)		(24,218)		(398)		(89,615)
Recoveries	2,078		151		165		15		8,667		68		11,144
Provision for credit losses - Other	38,885		16,587		270		(4,041)		16,245		443		68,389
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	2,967		10,540		1,344		638		—		58		15,547
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	1,838		1,103		2		61		—		—		3,004
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	171,598	$	231,144	$	8,823	$	9,745	$	13,743	$	661	$	435,714

Nine months ended September 30, 2023			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	142,769	$	184,352	$	7,573	$	11,585	$	10,671	$	498	$	357,448
Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2016-13	111		1,356		(33)		(692)		—		(1)		741
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(15)		—		(15)
Charge-offs	(10,599)		(9,842)		(227)		(78)		(15,151)		(447)		(36,344)
Recoveries	2,059		368		105		11		3,119		69		5,731
Provision for credit losses	17,148		39,484		(338)		1,833		13,196		266		71,589
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	151,488	$	215,718	$	7,080	$	12,659	$	11,820	$	385	$	399,150

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $22.3 million and $83.9 million of provision for credit losses, respectively, related to loans and lending agreements, which includes $15.5 million of Day 1 provision related to the acquisition of Macatawa. The provision for each period was primarily the result of losses experienced in the Commercial, Commercial Real Estate and Premium Finance Receivables portfolios along with growth across various segments, which was offset by improved macroeconomic forecasts related to Baa Credit Spread and CRE Price Index. Uncertainties remain regarding expected economic performance and macroeconomic forecasts utilized in the measurement of the allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2024. Net charge-offs in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024, totaled $26.7 million and $78.5 million, respectively.

Held-to-maturity debt securities

The allowance for credit losses on the Company’s held-to-maturity debt securities is presented as a reduction to the amortized cost basis of held-to-maturity securities on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition. For the three and nine month

19

period ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $(12,000) and $132,000, respectively, of provision for credit losses related to held-to-maturity securities. At September 30, 2024, the Company did not identify any held-to-maturity debt securities within its portfolio that would require a charge-off.

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulties

The Company’s approach to restructuring or modifying loans is built on its credit risk rating system, which requires credit management personnel to assign a credit risk rating to each loan. In each case, the loan officer is responsible for recommending a credit risk rating for each loan and ensuring the credit risk ratings are appropriate. These credit risk ratings are then reviewed and approved by the bank’s chief credit officer and/or concurrence credit officer. Credit risk ratings are determined by evaluating a number of factors, including a borrower’s financial strength, cash flow coverage, collateral protection and guarantees. The Company’s credit risk rating scale is one through ten with higher scores indicating higher risk. In the case of loans rated six or worse following modification, the Company’s Managed Assets Division evaluates the loan and the credit risk rating and determines that the loan has been restructured to be reasonably assured of repayment and of performance according to the modified terms and is supported by a current, well-documented credit assessment of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms. Based on the Company’s credit risk rating system, it considers that borrowers whose credit risk rating is 5 or better are not experiencing financial difficulties.

Restructurings may arise when, due to financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, the Company obtains through physical possession one or more collateral assets in satisfaction of all or part of an existing credit. Once possession is obtained, the Company reclassifies the appropriate portion of the remaining balance of the credit from loans to other real estate owned (“OREO”), which is included within other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition. For any residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, the Company is considered to possess the related collateral only if legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure, or the borrower conveys all interest in the residential real estate property to the Company through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar legal agreement. At September 30, 2024, the Company had no foreclosed residential real estate properties included within OREO. Further, the recorded investment in residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $40.4 million and $55.1 million at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The tables below presents a summary of the period-end balance of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024  (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term		Reduction of  Interest Rate		Interest Only Payments		Delay in Contractual Payments		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,469	0.0	%	$	1,240	$	42	$	17	$	—	$	170
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	192		0.0		192		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Premium Finance Receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,548		0.0		30		1,457		—		—		61
Total loans	$	3,209	0.0	%	$	1,462	$	1,499	$	17	$	—	$	231

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			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024  (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)		Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,469	27		—	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	192		6		—	—
Home equity	—		$	—	—	—
Residential real estate	—		$	—	—	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,548		4		—	—
Total loans	$	3,209	9		—	—

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term		Reduction of  Interest Rate		Delay in Contractual Payments		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,256	0.0	%	$	1,256	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	141		0.0		141		—		—		—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	40		0.0		40		—		—		—
Total loans	$	1,437	0.0	%	$	1,437	$	—	$	—	$	—

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)	Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,256	16	—	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	—		—	—	—
Home equity	—		—	—	—
Residential real estate	141		14	—	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	40		2	—	—
Total loans	$	1,437	16	—	—

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands)	Total (1)		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term (1)		Reduction of  Interest Rate (1)		Interest Only Payments		Delay in Contractual Payments (1)		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate (1)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	4,687	0.0	%	$	4,195	$	42	$	17	$	97	$	336
Commercial real estate
Non-Construction	1,662		0.0		486		—		319		857		—
Home equity	89		0.0		89		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	282		0.0		114		168		—		—		—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,554		0.0		33		1,460		—		—		61
Total loans	$	8,274	0.0		$	4,917	$	1,670	$	336	$	954	$	397

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)	Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	4,687	35	113	34
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	1,662		29	—	16
Home equity	89		12	—	—
Residential real estate	282		19	201	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,554		6	86	—
Total loans	$	8,274	9	156	18

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term		Reduction of  Interest Rate		Delay in Contractual Payments		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	39,153	0.3	%	$	3,194	$	221	$	35,265	$	473
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	5,709		0.1		467		827		39		4,376
Home equity	203		0.1		203		—		—		—
Residential real estate	2,113		0.1		1,537		271		—		305
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	51		0.0		43		—		—		8
Total loans	$	47,229	0.1	%	$	5,444	$	1,319	$	35,304	$	5,162

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			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)	Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	39,153	15	108	16
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	5,709		40	232	101
Home equity	203		12	—	—
Residential real estate	2,113		54	284	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	51		2	50	—
Total loans	$	47,229	33	223	17

The Company had commitments of $8.6 million and $45.0 million as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and for whom the Company has modified the terms of loans in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than insignificant payment delay or a term extension during the periods presented.

The following table presents a summary of all modified loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties and such loans that were in payment default under the restructured terms during the respective periods below:

(Dollars in thousands)	For the Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Total		Payments in  Default  (1)		Payments in  Default  (1)		Total		Payments in  Default  (1)		Payments in  Default  (1)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	6,757	$	42	$	1,826	$	39,153	$	18,727	$	18,749
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	2,504		—		—		—		—		—
Non-construction	2,933		—		923		5,709		95		923
Home equity	588		—		203		203		203		203
Residential real estate	282		—		541		2,113		817		902
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,632		47		61		51		40		40
Total loans	$	14,696	$	89	$	3,554	$	47,229	$	19,882	$	20,817

(1)Modified loans considered to be in payment default are over 30 days past due subsequent to the restructuring.

(8) Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets

A summary of the Company’s goodwill assets by reporting unit is presented in the following table:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2023		Goodwill Acquired		Impairment Loss		Goodwill Adjustments		September 30, 2024
Community banking	$	545,671	$	144,586	$	—	$	—	$	690,257
Specialty finance	39,006		—		—		(478)		38,528
Wealth management	71,995		—		—		—		71,995
Total	$	656,672	$	144,586	$	—	$	(478)	$	800,780

The community banking unit's goodwill increased $144.6 million in the third quarter of 2024 as a result of the Macatawa acquisition. The specialty finance unit’s goodwill decreased $478,000 in the first nine months of 2024 as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments related to the Canadian acquisitions.

The Company assesses each reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment on at least an annual basis and considers potential indicators of impairment at each reporting date between annual goodwill impairment tests. At October 1, 2023, the Company utilized a qualitative approach for its annual goodwill impairment tests of the community banking, specialty finance and wealth

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management reporting units and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of all reporting units exceeded the respective carrying value of such reporting unit at that time.

At each reporting date between annual goodwill impairment tests, the Company considers potential indicators of impairment. The Company assessed whether events and circumstances resulted in it being more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit was less than its carrying value. Potential impairment indicators considered include the condition of the economy and banking industry; government intervention and regulatory updates; the impact of recent events to financial performance and cost factors of the reporting units; performance of the Company’s stock and other relevant events.

At the conclusion of this assessment of all reporting units, the Company determined that as of September 30, 2024, it was more likely than not that the fair value of all reporting units exceeded the respective carrying value of such reporting unit.

A summary of acquisition-related intangible assets as of the dates shown and the expected amortization of finite-lived acquisition-related intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 is as follows:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Community banking segment:
Core deposit intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	154,506	$	55,206	$	55,206
Accumulated amortization	(51,358)		(46,125)		(45,304)
Net carrying amount	$	103,148	$	9,081	$	9,902
Trademark with indefinite lives:
Carrying amount	13,800		5,800		5,800
Total net carrying amount	$	116,948	$	14,881	$	15,702
Specialty finance segment:
Customer list intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	1,962	$	1,963	$	1,962
Accumulated amortization	(1,871)		(1,837)		(1,826)
Net carrying amount	$	91	$	126	$	136
Wealth management segment:
Customer list and other intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	26,630	$	26,630	$	26,630
Accumulated amortization	(19,803)		(18,748)		(18,224)
Net carrying amount	$	6,827	$	7,882	$	8,406
Total acquisition-related intangible assets:
Gross carrying amount	$	196,898	$	89,599	$	89,598
Accumulated amortization	(73,032)		(66,710)		(65,354)
Total other acquisition-related intangible assets, net	$	123,866	$	22,889	$	24,244

Estimated amortization
Actual in nine months ended September 30, 2024	$	6,322
Estimated remaining in 2024	5,501
Estimated—2025	20,784
Estimated—2026	18,268
Estimated—2027	15,848
Estimated—2028	13,477

The community banking unit's core deposit intangibles and trademarks with indefinite lives increased $99.3 million and $8.0 million, respectively, in the third quarter of 2024 as a result of the Macatawa acquisition.

The core deposit intangibles recognized in connection with the Company’s bank acquisitions are amortized over a ten-year period on an accelerated basis. The customer list intangibles recognized in connection with the purchase of life insurance premium finance assets in 2009 are being amortized over an 18-year period on an accelerated basis. The customer list and other

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intangibles recognized in connection with prior acquisitions within the wealth management segment are being amortized over a period of up to ten years on a straight-line or accelerated basis. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of certain trade and domain names recognized in connection with prior acquisitions. As indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, the Company assesses impairment on at least an annual basis. Total amortization expense associated with finite-lived acquisition-related intangibles totaled approximately $6.3 million and $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(9) Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”)

The following is a summary of the changes in the carrying value of MSRs, accounted for at fair value, for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Fair value at beginning of the period	$	204,610	$	200,692	$	192,456	$	230,225
Additions from loans sold with servicing retained	6,357		9,706		19,959		23,533
Servicing rights sold	—		—		—		(30,170)
Estimate of changes in fair value due to:
Payoffs, paydowns and repurchases	(7,328)		(4,597)		(17,248)		(13,549)
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions	(17,331)		4,723		(8,859)		485
Fair value at end of the period	$	186,308	$	210,524	$	186,308	$	210,524
Unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others	$	12,253,361	$	11,885,531

The Company recognizes MSR assets upon the sale of residential real estate loans to external third parties when it retains the obligation to service the loans and the servicing fee is more than adequate compensation. MSRs are included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition. The initial recognition of MSR assets from loans sold with servicing retained and subsequent changes in fair value of all MSRs are recognized in mortgage banking revenue. MSRs are subject to changes in value from actual and expected prepayment of the underlying loans.

The estimation of fair value related to MSRs is partly impacted by the Company exercising its early buyout options (“EBO”) on eligible loans previously sold to the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”). Under such optional repurchase program, financial institutions acting as servicers are allowed to buy back from the securitized loan pool individual delinquent mortgage loans meeting certain criteria for which the institution was the original transferor of such loans. At the option of the servicer and without prior authorization from GNMA, the servicer may repurchase such delinquent loans for an amount equal to the remaining principal balance of the loan. At the time of such repurchase, any MSR value related to such loans is derecognized.

The MSR asset fair value is determined by using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the objective characteristics of the portfolio as well as subjective valuation parameters that purchasers of servicing would apply to such portfolios sold into the secondary market. The subjective factors include loan prepayment speeds, discount rates, servicing costs and other economic factors. The Company uses a third party to assist in the valuation of MSRs.

Periodically, the Company will purchase options for the right to purchase securities not currently held within the banks’ investment portfolios or enter into interest rate swaps in which the Company elects not to designate such derivatives as hedging instruments. These option and swap transactions are designed primarily to economically hedge a portion of the fair value adjustments related to the Company’s MSRs. The gain or loss associated with these derivative contracts is included in mortgage banking revenue. For more information regarding these hedges outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, see Note (14) “Derivative Financial Instruments” in Item 1 of this report.

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(10) Deposits

The following table is a summary of deposits as of the dates shown: 

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Balance:
Non-interest-bearing	$	10,739,132		$	10,420,401		$	10,347,006
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	5,466,932			5,797,649			6,006,114
Wealth management deposits	1,303,354			1,614,499			1,788,099
Money market	17,713,726			15,149,215			14,478,504
Savings	6,183,249			5,790,334			5,584,294
Time certificates of deposit	9,998,573			6,625,072			6,788,669
Total deposits	$	51,404,966		$	45,397,170		$	44,992,686
Mix:
Non-interest-bearing	21		%	23		%	23		%
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	11			13			13
Wealth management deposits	3			4			4
Money market	34			33			32
Savings	12			13			13
Time certificates of deposit	19			14			15
Total deposits	100		%	100		%	100		%

Wealth management deposits represent deposit balances (primarily money market accounts) at the Company’s subsidiary banks from brokerage customers of Wintrust Investments, LLC (“Wintrust Investments”), Chicago Deferred Exchange Company (“CDEC”) and trust and asset management customers of the Company.

(11) FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes

The following table is a summary of FHLB advances, other borrowings and subordinated notes as of the dates shown:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
FHLB advances	$	3,171,309	$	2,326,071	$	2,326,071
Other borrowings:
Notes payable	149,894		171,282		178,411
Short-term borrowings	—		13,430		14,183
Secured borrowings	439,513		401,897		391,681
Other	57,636		59,204		59,724
Total other borrowings	647,043		645,813		643,999
Subordinated notes	298,188		437,866		437,731
Total FHLB advances, other borrowings and subordinated notes	$	4,116,540	$	3,409,750	$	3,407,801

Descriptions of the Company’s FHLB advances, other borrowings, and subordinated notes are included in Note (11) “Federal Home Loan Bank Advances”, Note (12) “Subordinated Notes” and Note (13) “Other Borrowings” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Notes Payable

Notes payable balances represent the balances on the Company’s credit agreement with certain unaffiliated banks. At September 30, 2024, the outstanding principal balance under the term loan facility was $149.9 million and there was no outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility. Borrowings under notes payable are secured by pledges of and first priority perfected security interests in the Company’s equity interest in its bank subsidiaries and contain several restrictive covenants, including the maintenance of various capital adequacy levels, asset quality and profitability ratios, and certain restrictions on dividends and other indebtedness. At September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.

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Short-term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings include securities sold under repurchase agreements of customer sweep accounts in connection with master repurchase agreement at the banks. There were no borrowings at September 30, 2024 compared to $13.4 million and $14.2 million at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had no pledged securities related to its customer balances in sweep accounts.

Secured Borrowings

The balance of secured borrowings primarily represents a third party Canadian transaction (“Canadian Secured Borrowing”). Under the Canadian Secured Borrowing, the Company, through its subsidiary, FIFC Canada, sells an undivided co-ownership interest in all receivables owed to FIFC Canada to an unrelated third party in exchange for cash payments pursuant to a receivables purchase agreement (“Receivables Purchase Agreement”). On August 29, 2024, the Company entered into the Twelfth Amending Agreement to the Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of December 16, 2014. The amended Receivables Purchase Agreement provides for, among other things, an extension of the maturity date to December 15, 2025 and an increase to the facility limit from $520 million to $650 million. Additionally, Wintrust guarantees the performance of FIFC Canada of its obligations under the Receivables Purchase Agreement and any subsequent amendments thereto.

At September 30, 2024, the translated balance of the secured borrowings totaled $428.6 million compared to $392.5 million at December 31, 2023 and $382.8 million at September 30, 2023. The interest rate under the Receivables Purchase Agreement is the Canadian Commercial Paper Rate plus fee rate of 0.825%.

The remaining $10.9 million, $9.4 million and $8.9 million within secured borrowings at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, represent other sold interests in certain loans by the Company that were not considered sales and, as such, related proceeds received are reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as a secured borrowing owed to the various unrelated third parties.

Other Borrowings

Other borrowings represent a fixed-rate promissory note (“Fixed-Rate Promissory Note”) issued by the Company in June 2017. Subsequent amendments to the Fixed-Rate Promissory Note since issuance increased the principal amount to $66.4 million, reduced the interest rate to 1.70% and extended the maturity date to March 31, 2025. The Fixed-Rate Promissory Note contains several restrictive covenants, including the maintenance of various capital adequacy levels, asset quality and profitability ratios, and certain restrictions on dividends and indebtedness. At September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.

Subordinated Notes

At September 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding subordinated notes totaling $298.2 million compared to $437.9 million and $437.7 million at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The notes issued in 2019 have a stated interest rate of 4.85% and mature in June 2029. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company repaid the $140.0 million of subordinated notes issued in 2014. The notes had a stated interest rate of 5.00% and matured in June 2024.

(12) Junior Subordinated Debentures

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s junior subordinated debentures as of September 30, 2024. The junior subordinated debentures represent the par value of the obligations owed to the Trusts.

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(Dollars in thousands)	Common Securities		Trust  Preferred Securities		Junior Subordinated Debentures		Rate Structure (1)	Contractual Rate at 9/30/2024		Issue Date	Maturity Date	Earliest Redemption Date
Wintrust Capital Trust III	$	774	$	25,000	$	25,774	S+0.26161+3.25	8.81	%	04/2003	04/2033	04/2008
Wintrust Statutory Trust IV	619		20,000		20,619		S+0.26161+2.80	7.67	%	12/2003	12/2033	12/2008
Wintrust Statutory Trust V	1,238		40,000		41,238		S+0.26161+2.60	7.47	%	05/2004	05/2034	06/2009
Wintrust Capital Trust VII	1,550		50,000		51,550		S+0.26161+1.95	7.16	%	12/2004	03/2035	03/2010
Wintrust Capital Trust VIII	1,238		25,000		26,238		S+0.26161+1.45	6.32	%	08/2005	09/2035	09/2010
Wintrust Capital Trust IX	1,547		50,000		51,547		S+0.26161+1.63	6.84	%	09/2006	09/2036	09/2011
Northview Capital Trust I	186		6,000		6,186		S+0.26161+3.00	8.51	%	08/2003	11/2033	08/2008
Town Bankshares Capital Trust I	186		6,000		6,186		S+0.26161+3.00	8.51	%	08/2003	11/2033	08/2008
First Northwest Capital Trust I	155		5,000		5,155		S+0.26161+3.00	7.87	%	05/2004	05/2034	05/2009
Suburban Illinois Capital Trust II	464		15,000		15,464		S+0.26161+1.75	6.96	%	12/2006	12/2036	12/2011
Community Financial Shares Statutory Trust II	109		3,500		3,609		S+0.26161+1.62	6.83	%	06/2007	09/2037	06/2012
Total					$	253,566		7.33	%

(1)The interest rates on the variable rate junior subordinated debentures are based on the three-month Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and reset on a quarterly basis.

The junior subordinated debentures totaled $253.6 million at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2024, the weighted average contractual interest rate on the junior subordinated debentures was 7.33%.

(13) Segment Information

The Company’s operations consist of three primary segments: community banking, specialty finance and wealth management.

The three reportable segments are strategic business units that are separately managed as they offer different products and services and have different marketing strategies. In addition, each segment’s customer base has varying characteristics and each segment has a different regulatory environment. While the Company’s management monitors each of the sixteen bank subsidiaries’ operations and profitability separately, these subsidiaries have been aggregated into one reportable operating segment due to the similarities in products and services, customer base, operations, profitability measures, and economic characteristics.

For purposes of internal segment profitability, management allocates certain intersegment and parent company balances. Management allocates a portion of revenues to the specialty finance segment related to loans and leases originated by the specialty finance segment and sold or assigned to the community banking segment. Similarly, for purposes of analyzing the contribution from the wealth management segment, management allocates a portion of the net interest income earned by the community banking segment on deposit balances of customers of the wealth management segment to the wealth management segment. See Note (10) “Deposits” in Item 1 of this report for more information on these deposits. Finally, expenses incurred at the Wintrust parent company are allocated to each segment based on each segment’s risk-weighted assets.

The segment financial information provided in the following table has been derived from the internal profitability reporting system used by management to monitor and manage the financial performance of the Company. The accounting policies of the segments are substantially similar to those described in Note (1) “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2023 Form 10-K. The Company evaluates segment performance based on after-tax profit or loss and other appropriate profitability measures common to each segment.

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The following is a summary of certain operating information for reportable segments:

	Three Months Ended				$ Change in Contribution		% Change  in Contribution
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net interest income:
Community Banking	$	396,894	$	360,575	$	36,319	10	%
Specialty Finance	88,448		85,427		3,021		4
Wealth Management	6,932		7,997		(1,065)		(13)
Total Operating Segments	492,274		453,999		38,275		8
Intersegment Eliminations	10,309		8,359		1,950		23
Consolidated net interest income	$	502,583	$	462,358	$	40,225	9	%
Provision for credit losses:
Community Banking	$	20,475	$	16,742	$	3,733	22	%
Specialty Finance	1,859		3,181		(1,322)		(42)
Wealth Management	—		—		—		—
Total Operating Segments	22,334		19,923		2,411		12
Intersegment Eliminations	—		—		—		—
Consolidated provision for credit losses	$	22,334	$	19,923	$	2,411	12	%
Non-interest income:
Community Banking	$	66,323	$	70,536	$	(4,213)	(6)	%
Specialty Finance	29,587		20,793		8,794		42
Wealth Management	37,431		37,312		119		0
Total Operating Segments	133,341		128,641		4,700		4
Intersegment Eliminations	(20,194)		(16,163)		(4,031)		25
Consolidated non-interest income	$	113,147	$	112,478	$	669	1	%
Net revenue:
Community Banking	$	463,217	$	431,111	$	32,106	7	%
Specialty Finance	118,035		106,220		11,815		11
Wealth Management	44,363		45,309		(946)		(2)
Total Operating Segments	625,615		582,640		42,975		7
Intersegment Eliminations	(9,885)		(7,804)		(2,081)		27
Consolidated net revenue	$	615,730	$	574,836	$	40,894	7	%
Segment profit:
Community Banking	$	115,213	$	115,156	$	57	0	%
Specialty Finance	46,803		40,548		6,255		15
Wealth Management	7,985		8,494		(509)		(6)
Consolidated net income	$	170,001	$	164,198	$	5,803	4	%
Segment assets:
Community Banking	$	51,598,626	$	43,801,560	$	7,797,066	18	%
Specialty Finance	11,047,585		10,521,547		526,038		5
Wealth Management	1,142,213		1,232,139		(89,926)		(7)
Consolidated total assets	$	63,788,424	$	55,555,246	$	8,233,178	15	%

NM - Not meaningful

29

	Nine Months Ended				$ Change in Contribution		% Change  in Contribution
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net interest income:
Community Banking	$	1,119,411	$	1,076,655	$	42,756	4	%
Specialty Finance	265,921		240,771		25,150		10
Wealth Management	22,618		24,356		(1,738)		(7)
Total Operating Segments	1,407,950		1,341,782		66,168		5
Intersegment Eliminations	29,437		26,108		3,329		13
Consolidated net interest income	$	1,437,387	$	1,367,890	$	69,497	5	%
Provision for credit losses:
Community Banking	$	77,192	$	64,554	$	12,638	20	%
Specialty Finance	6,876		6,928		(52)		(1)
Wealth Management	—		—		—		—
Total Operating Segments	84,068		71,482		12,586		18
Intersegment Eliminations	—		—		—		—
Consolidated provision for credit losses	$	84,068	$	71,482	$	12,586	18	%
Non-interest income:
Community Banking	$	212,578	$	207,399	$	5,179	2	%
Specialty Finance	89,221		78,320		10,901		14
Wealth Management	131,521		101,000		30,521		30
Total Operating Segments	433,320		386,719		46,601		12
Intersegment Eliminations	(58,446)		(53,442)		(5,004)		9
Consolidated non-interest income	$	374,874	$	333,277	$	41,597	12	%
Net revenue:
Community Banking	$	1,331,989	$	1,284,054	$	47,935	4	%
Specialty Finance	355,142		319,091		36,051		11
Wealth Management	154,139		125,356		28,783		23
Total Operating Segments	1,841,270		1,728,501		112,769		7
Intersegment Eliminations	(29,009)		(27,334)		(1,675)		6
Consolidated net revenue	$	1,812,261	$	1,701,167	$	111,094	7	%
Segment profit:
Community Banking	$	326,495	$	351,905	$	(25,410)	18	%
Specialty Finance	142,417		123,687		18,730		5
Wealth Management	40,771		23,554		17,217		(7)
Consolidated net income	$	509,683	$	499,146	$	10,537	15	%

NM - Not meaningful

(14) Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company primarily enters into derivative financial instruments as part of its strategy to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates. Derivative instruments represent contracts between parties that result in one party delivering cash to the other party based on a notional amount and an underlying term (such as a rate, security price or price index or commodity price) as specified in the contract. The amount of cash delivered from one party to the other is determined based on the interaction of the notional amount of the contract with the underlying term. Derivatives are also implicit in certain contracts and commitments.

The derivative financial instruments currently used by the Company to manage its exposure to interest rate risk include: (1) interest rate swaps and collars to manage the interest rate risk of certain fixed and variable rate assets and variable rate liabilities; (2) interest rate lock commitments provided to customers to fund certain mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market; (3) forward commitments for the future delivery of such mortgage loans to protect the Company from adverse changes in interest rates and corresponding changes in the value of mortgage loans held-for-sale; (4) covered call options to economically hedge specific investment securities and receive fee income, effectively enhancing the overall yield on such securities to compensate for net interest margin compression; and (5) options and swaps to economically hedge a portion of the fair value adjustments related to the Company’s mortgage servicing rights portfolio. The Company also enters into derivatives (typically interest rate swaps and commodity forward contracts) with certain qualified borrowers to facilitate the borrowers’ risk management strategies and concurrently enters into mirror-image derivatives with a third party counterparty, effectively making a market in the derivatives for such borrowers. Additionally, the Company enters into foreign currency contracts to manage foreign exchange risk associated with certain foreign currency denominated assets.

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The Company recognizes derivative financial instruments in the consolidated financial statements at fair value regardless of the purpose or intent for holding the instrument. The Company records derivative assets and derivative liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Condition within accrued interest receivable and other assets and accrued interest payable and other liabilities, respectively. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized in income or in shareholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies for hedge accounting and, if so, whether it qualifies as a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge.

Changes in fair values of derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges are recorded in income in the same period and in the same income statement line as changes in the fair values of the hedged items that relate to the hedged risk(s). Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of deferred taxes, and reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments not designated in a hedging relationship pursuant to ASC 815 are reported in non-interest income during the period of the change. Derivative financial instruments are valued by a third party and are corroborated by comparison with valuations provided by the respective counterparties. Fair values of certain mortgage banking derivatives (interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments to sell mortgage loans) are estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date of the loan commitment. The fair value of foreign currency derivatives is computed based on changes in foreign currency rates stated in the contract compared to those prevailing at the measurement date. Commodity derivative fair values are computed based on changes in the price per unit stated in the contract compared to those prevailing at the measurement date.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

	Derivative Assets						Derivative Liabilities
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges	$	53,402	$	40,116	$	—	$	14,522	$	44,456	$	157,355
Interest rate derivatives designated as Fair Value Hedges	8,069		12,349		17,929		351		273		—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815	$	61,471	$	52,465	$	17,929	$	14,873	$	44,729	$	157,355
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Interest rate derivatives	$	185,456	$	211,490	$	294,324	$	180,160	$	210,397	$	295,916
Interest rate lock commitments	5,143		4,511		2,516		6		—		72
Forward commitments to sell mortgage loans	31		—		3,261		1,055		5,212		—
Commodity forward contracts	1,647		888		1,320		1,365		609		1,076
Foreign exchange contracts	1,914		6,372		4,355		1,880		6,308		4,287
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815	$	194,191	$	223,261	$	305,776	$	184,466	$	222,526	$	301,351
Total Derivatives	$	255,662	$	275,726	$	323,705	$	199,339	$	267,255	$	458,706

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to net interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and interest rate collars as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts to or from a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving or paying fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate collars designated as cash flow hedges involve the settlement of amounts in which the interest rate index specified in the contract exceeds the agreed upon cap strike rate or in which the interest rate index specified in the contract is below the agreed upon floor strike rate at the end of each period.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had various interest rate collar and swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate loans. When the relationship between the hedged item and hedging instrument is highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in cash flows attributable to the hedged risk, changes in the fair value of these cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and are subsequently reclassified to interest income as interest payments

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are made on such variable rate loans. The changes in fair value (net of tax) are separately disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The table below provides details on these cash flow hedges, summarized by derivative type and maturity, as of September 30, 2024:

	September 30, 2024
	Notional		Fair Value
(In thousands)	Amount		Asset (Liability)
Interest Rate Collars at 1-month CME term SOFR:
Buy 2.250% floor, sell 3.743% cap; matures September 2025	$	1,250,000	$	(4,251)
Buy 2.750% floor, sell 4.320% cap; matures October 2026	500,000		1,345
Buy 2.000% floor, sell 3.450% cap; matures September 2027	1,250,000		(10,270)
Interest Rate Swaps at 1-month CME term SOFR:
Fixed 3.748%; matures December 2025	250,000		290
Fixed 3.759%; matures December 2025	250,000		324
Fixed 3.680%; matures February 2026	250,000		233
Fixed 4.176%; matures March 2026	250,000		2,088
Fixed 3.915%; matures March 2026	250,000		1,182
Fixed 4.450%; matures July 2026	250,000		4,220
Fixed 3.515%, matures December 2026	250,000		822
Fixed 3.512%; matures December 2026	250,000		806
Fixed 3.453%; matures February 2027	250,000		578
Fixed 4.150%; matures July 2027	250,000		5,610
Fixed 3.748%; matures March 2028	250,000		3,998
Fixed 3.526%; matures March 2028	250,000		2,186
Fixed 3.993%; matures October 2029	350,000		12,573
Fixed 4.245%; matures November 2029	350,000		17,146
Total Cash Flow Hedges	$	6,700,000	$	38,880

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company terminated interest rate swap derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate deposits with a total notional value of $1.0 billion and a five-year term effective July 2022. At the time of termination, the fair value of the derivative contracts totaled an asset of $66.5 million, with such adjustments to fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company terminated two additional interest rate swap derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate deposits with a total notional value of $500.0 million each effective since April 2020. The remaining terms of such derivative contracts were through March 2023 and April 2024 and, at the time of termination, the fair value of the derivative contracts totaled assets of $3.7 million and $10.7 million, respectively, with such adjustments to fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company terminated one additional interest rate collar derivative contract designated as a cash flow hedge of a term borrowing facility with a total notional value of $64.3 million effective since September 2018. The remaining term of such derivative contract was through September 2023 and, at the time of termination, the fair value of the derivative contract totaled an asset of $875,000, with such adjustments to fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss.

For all such terminations, as the hedged forecasted transactions (interest payments on variable rate deposits and a term borrowing facility) are still expected to occur over the remaining term of such terminated derivatives, such adjustments will remain in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and be reclassified as a reduction to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the original term of the terminated derivative contracts.

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A rollforward of the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, including such derivative contracts terminated during the period, follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Unrealized (loss) gain at beginning of period	$	(49,396)	$	(61,739)	$	43,538	$	10,026
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss to interest income or expense on deposits, loans, and other borrowings	20,378		18,374		60,720		36,038
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income or loss	104,470		(61,456)		(28,806)		(150,885)
Unrealized gain (loss) at end of period	$	75,452	$	(104,821)	$	75,452	$	(104,821)

As of September 30, 2024, the Company estimated that during the next 12 months $13.9 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as a decrease to net interest income. Such estimate consists of $13.3 million reclassified as a reduction to interest expense on the terminated cash flow hedges discussed above and $27.2 million reclassified as a reduction to interest income related to the interest rate collars and swaps noted above that remain outstanding.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had 13 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $204.3 million that were designated as fair value hedges primarily associated with fixed rate commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans as well as life insurance premium finance receivables.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the net gain or loss from the entire change in the fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect, including the net gain or loss, of the hedged item (interest income earned on fixed rate loans) when the hedged item affects earnings.

The following table presents the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) and the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) that are designated as a fair value hedge accounting relationship as of September 30, 2024:

(In thousands)		September 30, 2024
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships	Location in the Statement of Condition	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Remaining for any Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) for which Hedge Accounting has been Discontinued
Interest rate swaps	Loans, net of unearned income	$	195,978	$	(7,703)	$	(63)
	Available-for-sale debt securities	654		(5)		—

The following table presents the loss or gain recognized related to derivative instruments that are designated as fair value hedges for the respective period:

(In thousands) Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships	Location of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2024
Interest rate swaps	Interest and fees on loans	$	(28)	$	(34)
	Interest income - investment securities	—		—

Non-Designated Hedges

The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges are used to manage the Company’s economic exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict

33

hedge accounting requirements of ASC 815. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings.

Interest Rate Derivatives—Periodically, the Company may purchase interest rate cap derivatives designed to act as an economic hedge of the risk of the negative impact on its fixed-rate loan portfolios from rising interest rates. As of September 30, 2024, there were no interest rate caps outstanding that were designed to act as an economic hedge.

Additionally, the Company has interest rate derivatives, including swaps and option products, resulting from a service the Company provides to certain qualified borrowers. The Company’s banking subsidiaries execute certain derivative products (typically interest rate swaps) directly with qualified commercial borrowers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. For example, these arrangements allow the Company’s commercial borrowers to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate. In order to minimize the Company’s exposure on these transactions, the Company simultaneously executes offsetting derivatives with third parties. In most cases, the offsetting derivatives have mirror-image terms, which result in the positions’ changes in fair value substantially offsetting through earnings each period. However, to the extent that the derivatives are not a mirror-image and because of differences in counterparty credit risk, changes in fair value will not completely offset resulting in some earnings impact each period. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in other non-interest income. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had interest rate derivative transactions with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $12.8 billion and $11.4 billion, respectively, (all interest rate swaps and caps with customers and third parties) related to this program. At September 30, 2024 these interest rate derivatives had maturity dates ranging from October 2024 to January 2037.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives—These derivatives include interest rate lock commitments provided to customers to fund certain mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of such loans. It is the Company’s practice to enter into forward commitments for the future delivery of a portion of its residential mortgage loan production when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of future changes in interest rates on its commitments to fund the loans as well as on its portfolio of mortgage loans held-for-sale. The Company’s mortgage banking derivatives have not been designated as being in hedge relationships. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had interest rate lock commitments with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $288.9 million and $129.9 million, and forward commitments to sell mortgage loans with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $667.6 million and $626.9 million, respectively. The fair values of these derivatives were estimated based on changes in mortgage rates from the dates of the commitments. Changes in the fair value of these mortgage banking derivatives are included in mortgage banking revenue.

Commodity Derivatives—The Company has commodity forward contracts resulting from a service the Company provides to certain qualified borrowers. The Company’s banking subsidiaries execute certain derivative products directly with qualified commercial borrowers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. For example, these arrangements allow the Company’s commercial borrowers to effectively purchase or sell a given commodity at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon settlement date. In order to minimize the Company’s exposure on these transactions, the Company simultaneously executes offsetting derivatives with third parties. In most cases, the offsetting derivatives have mirror-image terms, which result in the positions’ changes in fair value substantially offsetting through earnings each period. However, to the extent that the derivatives are not a mirror-image and because of differences in counterparty credit risk, changes in fair value will not completely offset resulting in some earnings impact each period. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in other non-interest income. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had commodity derivative transactions with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $7.6 million and $8.4 million, respectively, (all forward contracts with customers and third parties) related to this program. At September 30, 2024, these commodity derivatives had maturity dates ranging from October 2024 to October 2025.

Foreign Currency Derivatives—The Company has foreign currency derivative contracts resulting from a service the Company provides to certain qualified customers. The Company’s banking subsidiaries execute certain derivative products directly with qualified customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies related to foreign currency fluctuations. For example, these arrangements allow the Company’s customers to effectively exchange the currency of one country for the currency of another country at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon settlement date. In order to minimize the Company’s exposure on these transactions, the Company simultaneously executes offsetting derivatives with third parties. In most cases, the offsetting derivatives have mirror-image terms, which result in the positions’ changes in fair value substantially offsetting through earnings each period. However, to the extent that the derivatives are not a mirror-image and because of differences in counterparty credit risk, changes in fair value will not completely offset resulting in some earnings impact each period. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in other non-interest income. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held foreign currency derivatives with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $108.9 million and $144.3 million, respectively.

34

Other Derivatives—Periodically, the Company will sell options to a bank or dealer for the right to purchase certain securities held within the banks’ investment portfolios (covered call options). These option transactions are designed to increase the total return associated with the investment securities portfolio. These options do not qualify as accounting hedges pursuant to ASC 815 and, accordingly, changes in the fair value of these contracts are recognized as other non-interest income. There were no covered call options outstanding as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 or September 30, 2023.

Periodically, the Company will purchase options for the right to purchase securities not currently held within the banks’ investment portfolios or enter into interest rate swaps in which the Company elects to not designate such derivatives as hedging instruments. These option and swap transactions are designed primarily to economically hedge a portion of the fair value adjustments related to the Company’s mortgage servicing rights portfolio. The gain or loss associated with these derivative contracts are included in mortgage banking revenue. The Company held eight interest rate derivatives with an aggregate notional value of $220.0 million at September 30, 2024 and four interest rate derivatives with an aggregate notional value of and $195.0 million at December 31, 2023, for such purpose of economically hedging a portion of the fair value adjustment related to its mortgage servicing rights portfolio.

Amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to derivative instruments not designated in hedge relationships were as follows:

(In thousands)		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
Derivative	Location in income statement	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps and caps	Trading (losses) gains, net	$	(245)	$	778	$	248	$	1,590
Mortgage banking derivatives	Mortgage banking revenue	(1,692)		1,428		2,014		9,859
Commodity contracts	Trading (losses) gains, net	(116)		23		282		243
Foreign exchange contracts	Trading (losses) gains, net	(171)		—		(152)		—
Covered call options	Fees from covered call options	988		4,215		7,891		17,184
Derivative contract held as economic hedge on MSRs	Mortgage banking revenue	6,892		(2,481)		3,543		(2,261)

Credit Risk

Derivative instruments have inherent risks, primarily market risk and credit risk. Market risk is associated with changes in interest rates and credit risk relates to the risk that the counterparty will fail to perform according to the terms of the agreement. The amounts potentially subject to market and credit risks are the streams of interest payments under the contracts and the market value of the derivative instrument and not the notional principal amounts used to express the volume of the transactions. Market and credit risks are managed and monitored as part of the Company’s overall asset-liability management process, except that the credit risk related to derivatives entered into with certain qualified borrowers is managed through the Company’s standard loan underwriting process since these derivatives are secured through collateral provided by the loan agreements. Actual exposures are monitored against various types of credit limits established to contain risk within parameters. When deemed necessary, appropriate types and amounts of collateral are obtained to minimize credit exposure.

The Company has agreements with certain of its interest rate derivative counterparties that contain cross-default provisions, which provide that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision allowing the counterparty to terminate the derivative positions if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well or adequately capitalized institution, which would require the Company to settle its obligations under the agreements. As of September 30, 2024, there were $97.5 million interest rate derivatives in a net asset position that were subject to such agreements. The fair value of such derivatives includes accrued interest related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions and those derivatives subject to such agreements were in a liability position, and the derivatives were terminated as a result, the Company would have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at the termination value and would have been required to pay any additional amounts due in excess of amounts previously posted as collateral with the respective counterparty.

The Company is also exposed to the credit risk of its commercial borrowers who are counterparties to interest rate derivatives with the banks. This counterparty risk related to the commercial borrowers is managed and monitored through the banks’ standard underwriting process applicable to loans since these derivatives are secured through collateral provided by the loan agreement. The counterparty risk associated with the mirror-image swaps executed with third parties is monitored and managed in connection with the Company’s overall asset liability management process.

35

The Company records interest rate derivatives subject to master netting agreements at their gross value and does not offset derivative assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Condition. The table below summarizes the Company’s interest rate derivatives and offsetting positions as of the dates shown.

	Derivative Assets						Derivative Liabilities
	Fair Value						Fair Value
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Gross Amounts Recognized	$	246,927	$	263,955	$	312,253	$	195,033	$	255,126	$	453,271
Less: Amounts offset in the Statements of Condition	—		—		—		—		—		—
Net amount presented in the Statements of Condition	$	246,927	$	263,955	$	312,253	$	195,033	$	255,126	$	453,271
Gross amounts not offset in the Statements of Condition
Offsetting Derivative Positions	(82,819)		(76,514)		(157,673)		(82,819)		(76,514)		(157,673)
Collateral Posted	(59,791)		(144,899)		(140,857)		(420)		—		(3,785)
Net Credit Exposure	$	104,317	$	42,542	$	13,723	$	111,794	$	178,612	$	291,813

(15) Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities

The Company measures, monitors and discloses certain of its assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. These financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value. These levels are:

•Level 1—unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

•Level 3—significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the above valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the assets or liabilities. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Available-for-sale debt securities, trading account securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair value—Fair values for available-for-sale debt securities, trading account securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair value are typically based on prices obtained from independent pricing vendors. Securities measured with these valuation techniques are generally classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Typically, standard inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades for similar securities, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data including market research publications are used to determine the fair value of these securities. When these inputs are not available, broker/dealer quotes may be obtained by the vendor to determine the fair value of the security. We review the vendor’s pricing methodologies to determine if observable market information is being used, versus unobservable inputs. Fair value measurements using significant inputs that are unobservable in the market due to limited activity or a less liquid market are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of U.S. Treasury securities and certain equity securities with readily determinable fair value are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical securities. As such, these securities are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s Investment Operations Department is responsible for the valuation of Level 3 available-for-sale debt securities. The methodology and variables used as inputs in pricing Level 3 securities are derived from a combination of observable and unobservable inputs. The unobservable inputs are determined through internal assumptions that may vary from period to period due to external factors, such as market movement and credit rating adjustments.

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At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $135.3 million of municipal securities as Level 3. These municipal securities are bond issues for various municipal government entities primarily located in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin and are privately placed, non-rated bonds without CUSIP numbers. The Company’s methodology for pricing these securities focuses on three distinct inputs: equivalent rating, yield and other pricing terms. To determine the rating for a given non-rated investment debt security, the Investment Operations Department references a rated, publicly issued bond by the same issuer if available. A reduction is then applied to the rating obtained from the comparable bond, as the Company believes if liquidated, a non-rated bond would be valued less than a similar bond with a verifiable rating. The reduction applied by the Company is one complete rating grade (i.e. a “AA” rating for a comparable bond would be reduced to “A” for the Company’s valuation). For bond issues without comparable bond proxies, a rating of “BBB” was assigned. In the third quarter of 2024, all of the ratings derived by the Investment Operations Department using the above process were “BBB” or better. The fair value measurement noted above is sensitive to the rating input, as a higher rating typically results in an increased valuation. The remaining pricing inputs used in the bond valuation are observable. Based on the rating determined in the above process, Investment Operations obtains a corresponding current market yield curve available to market participants. Other terms including coupon, maturity date, redemption price, number of coupon payments per year, and accrual method are obtained from the individual bond term sheets. Certain municipal bonds held by the Company at September 30, 2024 are continuously callable. When valuing these bonds, the fair value is capped at par value as the Company assumes a market participant would not pay more than par for a continuously callable bond.

Mortgage loans held-for-sale—The fair value of mortgage loans held-for-sale is typically determined by reference to investor price sheets for loan products with similar characteristics. Loans measured with this valuation technique are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $59.1 million of certain delinquent mortgage loans held-for-sale as Level 3. For such delinquent loans in which investor interest may be limited, the Company estimates fair value by discounting future scheduled cash flows for the specific loan through its life, adjusted for estimated credit losses. The Company uses a discount rate based on prevailing market coupon rates on loans with similar characteristics. The assumed weighted average discount rate used as an input to value these loans at September 30, 2024 was 6.14%. The higher the rate utilized to discount estimated future cash flows, the lower the fair value measurement. Additionally, the weighted average credit discount used as an input to value the specific loans was 0.52% with credit loss discount ranging from 0%-14% at September 30, 2024.

Loans held-for-investment—The fair value for certain loans in which the Company previously elected the fair value option is estimated by discounting future scheduled cash flows for the specific loan through maturity, adjusted for estimated credit losses and prepayment or life assumptions. These loans primarily consist of early buyout loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies that are delinquent and, as a result, investor interest may be limited. The Company uses a discount rate based on the actual coupon rate of the underlying loan. At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $44.8 million of loans held-for-investment carried at fair value as Level 3. The assumed weighted average discount rate used as an input to value these loans at September 30, 2024 was 6.14%. The higher the rate utilized to discount estimated future cash flows, the lower the fair value measurement. As noted above, the fair value estimate also includes assumptions of prepayment speeds and average life as well as credit losses. The weighted average prepayments speed used as an input to value current loans was 9.21% at September 30, 2024. Prepayment speeds are inversely related to the fair value of these loans as an increase in prepayment speeds results in a decreased valuation. For delinquent loans in which performance is not assumed and there is a higher probability of resolution of the loan ending in foreclosure, the weighted average life of such loans was 5.9 years. Average life is inversely related to the fair value of these loans as an increase in estimated life results in a decreased valuation. Additionally, the weighted average credit discount used as an input to value the specific loans was 1.07% with credit loss discounts ranging from 0%-39% at September 30, 2024.

MSRs—Fair value for MSRs is determined utilizing a valuation model which calculates the fair value of each servicing right based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. The Company uses a discount rate commensurate with the risk associated with each servicing right, given current market conditions. At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $186.3 million of MSRs as Level 3. The weighted average discount rate used as an input to value the pool of MSRs at September 30, 2024 was 10.96% with discount rates applied ranging from 6%-20%. The higher the rate utilized to discount estimated future cash flows, the lower the fair value measurement. The fair value of MSRs was also estimated based on other assumptions including prepayment speeds and the cost to service. Prepayment speeds ranged from 6%-90% or a weighted average prepayment speed of 9.21%. Further, for current and delinquent loans, the Company assumed a weighted average cost of servicing of $76 and $386, respectively, per loan. Prepayment speeds and the cost to service are both inversely related to the fair value of MSRs as an increase in prepayment speeds or the cost to service results in a decreased valuation. See Note (9) “Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”)” in Item 1 of this report for further discussion of MSRs.

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Derivative instruments—The Company’s derivative instruments include interest rate swaps, caps and collars, commitments to fund mortgages for sale into the secondary market (interest rate locks), forward commitments to end investors for the sale of mortgage loans, commodity future contracts and foreign currency contracts. Interest rate swaps, caps and collars and commodity future contracts are valued by a third party, using models that primarily use market observable inputs, such as yield curves and commodity prices prevailing at the measurement date, and are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements is measured on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. The fair value for mortgage-related derivatives is based on changes in mortgage rates from the date of the commitments. The fair value of foreign currency derivatives is computed based on change in foreign currency rates stated in the contract compared to those prevailing at the measurement date.

At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $5.1 million of derivative assets related to interest rate locks as Level 3. The fair value of interest rate locks is based on prices obtained for loans with similar characteristics from third parties, adjusted for the pull-through rate, which represents the Company’s best estimate of the likelihood that a committed loan will ultimately fund. The weighted-average pull-through rate at September 30, 2024 was 80.71% with pull-through rates applied ranging from 1% to 100%. Pull-through rates are directly related to the fair value of interest rate locks as an increase in the pull-through rate results in an increased valuation.

Nonqualified deferred compensation assets—The underlying assets relating to the nonqualified deferred compensation plan are included in a trust and primarily consist of non-exchange traded institutional funds which are priced based by an independent third party service. These assets are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

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The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods presented:

	September 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	98,323	$	98,323	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	47,654		—		47,654		—
Municipal	200,212		—		64,962		135,250
Corporate notes	80,117		—		80,117		—
Mortgage-backed	3,485,926		—		3,485,926		—
Trading account securities	3,472		—		3,472		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310		117,244		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	461,067		—		402,004		59,063
Loans held-for-investment	138,038		—		93,263		44,775
MSRs	186,308		—		—		186,308
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756		—		16,756		—
Derivative assets	255,662		—		250,520		5,142
Total	$	5,098,845	$	215,567	$	4,452,740	$	430,538
Derivative liabilities	$	199,339	$	—	$	199,339	$	—

	December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	6,968	$	6,968	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	45,124		—		45,124		—
Municipal	140,958		—		54,721		86,237
Corporate notes	76,531		—		76,531		—
Mortgage-backed	3,233,334		—		3,233,334		—
Trading account securities	4,707		—		4,707		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	139,268		131,202		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	292,722		—		265,887		26,835
Loans held-for-investment	155,261		—		94,591		60,670
MSRs	192,456		—		—		192,456
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	15,238		—		15,238		—
Derivative assets	275,726		—		271,216		4,510
Total	$	4,578,293	$	138,170	$	4,069,415	$	370,708
Derivative liabilities	$	267,255	$	—	$	267,255	$	—

	September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	4,931	$	4,931	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	72,430		—		72,430		—
Municipal	168,523		—		55,304		113,219
Corporate notes	76,606		—		76,606		—
Mortgage-backed	3,289,345		—		3,289,345		—
Trading account securities	1,663		—		1,663		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	134,310		126,244		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	304,808		—		279,621		25,187
Loans held-for-investment	171,178		—		113,217		57,961
MSRs	210,524		—		—		210,524
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	14,449		—		14,449		—
Derivative assets	323,705		—		321,189		2,516
Total	$	4,772,472	$	131,175	$	4,231,890	$	409,407
Derivative liabilities	$	458,706	$	—	$	458,706	$	—

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The aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 for mortgage loans held-for-sale measured at fair value under ASC 825 was $462.2 million, $291.7 million and $308.5 million, respectively, while the aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held-for-sale was $461.1 million, $292.7 million and $304.8 million, for the same respective periods, as shown in the above tables. At September 30, 2024, $2.4 million of mortgage loans held-for-sale were classified as nonaccrual compared to $649,000 as of December 31, 2023 and $619,000 as of September 30, 2023. Additionally, there were $58.4 million of loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing in the mortgage loans held-for-sale portfolio as of September 30, 2024 compared to $26.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and $23.7 million as of September 30, 2023. All of the nonaccrual loans and loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing within the mortgage loans held-for-sale portfolio at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023, and September 30, 2023 were individual delinquent mortgage loans bought back from GNMA at the unconditional option of the Company as servicer for those loans.

The aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 for loans held-for-investment measured at fair value under ASC 825 was $138.8 million, $156.9 million and $171.9 million, respectively, while the aggregate fair value of loans held-for-investment was $138.0 million, $155.3 million and $171.2 million, respectively, as shown in the above tables.

The changes in Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at July 1, 2024	$	95,792	$	40,545	$	45,721	$	204,610	$	4,795
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		126		381		(18,302)		347
Other comprehensive income or loss	968		—		—		—		—
Purchases	38,490		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		(8,078)		(7,924)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		26,470		6,597		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	135,250	$	59,063	$	44,775	$	186,308	$	5,142

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at July 1, 2023	$	114,155	$	29,406	$	61,123	$	200,692	$	3,487
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		626		(260)		9,832		(971)
Other comprehensive income or loss	(1,614)		—		—		—		—
Purchases	678		—		—		—		—
Sales	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		(18,454)		(16,852)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		13,609		13,950		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	113,219	$	25,187	$	57,961	$	210,524	$	2,516

(1)Changes in the balance of mortgage loans held-for-sale, MSRs, and derivative assets related to fair value adjustments are recorded as components of mortgage banking revenue. Changes in the balance of loans held-for-investment related to fair value adjustments are recorded as other non-interest income.

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			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative Assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	86,237	$	26,835	$	60,670	$	192,456	$	4,510
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		398		130		(6,148)		632
Other comprehensive income or loss	(1,700)		—		—		—		—
Purchases	56,556		—		—		—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—		—
Sales	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	(5,843)		(28,687)		(31,436)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		60,517		15,411		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	135,250	$	59,063	$	44,775	$	186,308	$	5,142

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative Assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	117,537	$	48,655	$	84,165	$	230,225	$	1,711
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		1,494		(515)		10,469		805
Other comprehensive income or loss	(6,437)		—		—		—		—
Purchases	12,074		—		—		—		—
Sales	—		—		—		(30,170)		—
Settlements	(9,955)		(61,046)		(53,767)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		36,084		28,078		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	113,219	$	25,187	$	57,961	$	210,524	$	2,516

(1)Changes in the balance of mortgage loans held-for-sale, MSRs and derivative assets related to fair value adjustments are recorded as components of mortgage banking revenue. Changes in the balance of loans held-for-investment related to fair value adjustments are recorded as other non-interest income.

Also, the Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from impairment charges on individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis that were still held in the balance sheet at the end of the period, the following table provides the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at September 30, 2024:

	September 30, 2024								Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Fair Value Losses Recognized, net		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Fair Value Losses Recognized, net
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	$	124,586	$	—	$	—	$	124,586	$	22,908	$	64,747
Other real estate owned (1)	13,682		—		—		13,682		—		207
Total	$	138,268	$	—	$	—	$	138,268	$	22,908	$	64,954

(1)Net fair value losses recognized on other real estate owned include valuation adjustments and charge-offs during the respective period.

Individually assessed loans—In accordance with ASC 326, the allowance for credit losses for loans and other financial assets held at amortized cost should be measured on a collective or pooled basis when such assets exhibit similar risk characteristics. In instances in which a financial asset does not exhibit similar risk characteristics to a pool, the Company is required to measure such allowance for credit losses on an individual asset basis. For the Company’s loan portfolio, nonaccrual loans are considered to not exhibit similar risk characteristics as pools and thus are individually assessed. Credit losses are measured by estimating the fair value of the loan based on the present value of expected cash flows, the market price of the loan, or the fair value of the underlying collateral. Individually assessed loans are considered a fair value measurement where an allowance for credit loss is established based on the fair value of collateral. Appraised values on relevant real estate properties, which may require adjustments to market-based valuation inputs, are generally used on foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent loans within the real estate portfolios.

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The Company’s Managed Assets Division is primarily responsible for the valuation of Level 3 inputs of individually assessed loans. For more information on individually assessed loans refer to Note (7) “Allowance for Credit Losses” in Item 1 of this report. At September 30, 2024, the Company had $124.6 million of individually assessed loans classified as Level 3. All of the $124.6 million of individually assessed loans were measured at fair value based on the underlying collateral of the loan as shown in the table above.

Other real estate owned —Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired in partial or full satisfaction of loans and is included in other assets. Other real estate owned is recorded at its estimated fair value less estimated selling costs at the date of transfer, with any excess of the related loan balance over the fair value less expected selling costs charged to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent changes in value are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount and are recorded in other non-interest expense. Gains and losses upon sale, if any, are also charged to other non-interest expense. Fair value is generally based on third party appraisals and internal estimates that are adjusted by a discount representing the estimated cost of sale and is therefore considered a Level 3 valuation.

The Company’s Managed Assets Division is primarily responsible for the valuation of Level 3 inputs for other real estate owned. At September 30, 2024, the Company had $13.7 million of other real estate owned classified as Level 3. The unobservable input applied to other real estate owned relates to the 10% reduction to the appraisal value representing the estimated cost of sale of the foreclosed property. A higher discount for the estimated cost of sale results in a decreased carrying value.

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure both recurring and non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at September 30, 2024 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Significant Unobservable Input	Input / Range of Inputs	Weighted Average of Inputs			Impact to valuation from an increased or higher input value
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Municipal securities	$	135,250	Bond pricing	Equivalent rating	BBB-AA+	N/A			Increase
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	59,063		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	6.14%	6.14%			Decrease
				Credit discount	0% - 14%	0.52%			Decrease
Loans held-for-investment	44,775		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	6.12% - 6.14%	6.14%			Decrease
				Credit discount	0% - 39%	1.07%			Decrease
				Constant prepayment rate (CPR) - current loans	9.21%	9.21%			Decrease
				Average life - delinquent loans (in years)	1.4 years - 11.3 years	5.9 years			Decrease
MSRs	186,308		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	6% - 20%	10.96%			Decrease
				Constant prepayment rate (CPR)	6% - 90%	9.21%			Decrease
				Cost of servicing	$70 - $200	$	76		Decrease
				Cost of servicing - delinquent	$200 - 1,000	$	386		Decrease
Derivatives	5,142		Discounted cash flows	Pull-through rate	1% - 100%	80.71		%	Increase
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,586		Appraisal value	Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale	10%	10.00%			Decrease
Other real estate owned	13,682		Appraisal value	Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale	10%	10.00%			Decrease

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The Company is required under applicable accounting guidance to report the fair value of all financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Condition, including those financial instruments carried at cost. The table below presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of the dates shown:

	At September 30, 2024				At December 31, 2023				At September 30, 2023
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
(In thousands)	Value		Value		Value		Value		Value		Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	731,128	$	731,128	$	423,464	$	423,464	$	418,148	$	418,148
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	3,648,117		3,648,117		2,084,323		2,084,323		2,448,570		2,448,570
Available-for-sale securities	3,912,232		3,912,232		3,502,915		3,502,915		3,611,835		3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities	3,677,420		3,121,820		3,856,916		3,215,468		3,909,150		3,057,959
Trading account securities	3,472		3,472		4,707		4,707		1,663		1,663
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310		125,310		139,268		139,268		134,310		134,310
FHLB and FRB stock, at cost	266,908		266,908		205,003		205,003		204,040		204,040
Brokerage customer receivables	16,662		16,662		10,592		10,592		14,042		14,042
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	461,067		461,067		292,722		292,722		304,808		304,808
Loans held-for-investment, at fair value	138,038		138,038		155,261		155,261		171,178		171,178
Loans held-for-investment, at amortized cost	46,929,409		46,081,849		41,976,570		41,090,010		41,274,854		40,300,208
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756		16,756		15,238		15,238		14,449		14,449
Derivative assets	255,662		255,662		275,726		275,726		323,705		323,705
Accrued interest receivable and other	588,594		588,594		477,832		477,832		465,117		465,117
Total financial assets	$	60,770,775	$	59,367,615	$	53,420,537	$	51,892,529	$	53,295,869	$	51,470,032
Financial Liabilities
Non-maturity deposits	$	41,406,393	$	41,406,393	$	38,772,098	$	38,772,098	$	38,204,017	$	38,204,017
Time certificates of deposit	9,998,573		9,985,778		6,625,072		6,603,746		6,788,669		6,744,989
FHLB advances	3,171,309		3,334,183		2,326,071		2,367,107		2,326,071		2,189,101
Other borrowings	647,043		646,272		645,813		643,755		643,999		641,514
Subordinated notes	298,188		289,260		437,866		413,501		437,731		400,520
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566		253,662		253,566		253,579		253,566		253,568
Derivative liabilities	199,339		199,339		267,255		267,255		458,706		458,706
Accrued interest payable	75,254		75,254		51,116		51,116		54,383		54,383
Total financial liabilities	$	56,049,665	$	56,190,141	$	49,378,857	$	49,372,157	$	49,167,142	$	48,946,798

Not all the financial instruments listed in the table above are subject to the disclosure provisions of ASC Topic 820, as certain assets and liabilities result in their carrying value approximating fair value. These include cash and cash equivalents, interest-bearing deposits with banks, brokerage customer receivables, FHLB and FRB stock, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable and non-maturity deposits.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair values of financial instruments that were not previously disclosed.

Held-to-maturity securities. Held-to-maturity securities include U.S. government-sponsored agency securities, municipal bonds issued by various municipal government entities primarily located in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin and mortgage-backed securities. Fair values for held-to-maturity securities are typically based on prices obtained from independent pricing vendors. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has generally categorized these held-to-maturity securities as a Level 2 fair value measurement. Fair values for certain other held-to-maturity securities are based on the bond pricing methodology discussed previously related to certain available-for-sale securities. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized these held-to-maturity securities as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Loans held-for-investment, at amortized cost. Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are analyzed by type such as commercial, residential real estate, etc. Each category is further segmented by interest rate type (fixed and variable). The fair value for loans is estimated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect credit and interest rate risks inherent in the loan category. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized these loans as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

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Time certificates of deposit. The fair value of time certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently in effect for time certificates of deposit. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized time certificates of deposit as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

FHLB advances. The fair value of FHLB advances is estimated by a discounted cash flow analysis based on current market rates of similar maturity debt securities to discount cash flows. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized FHLB advances as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Subordinated notes. The fair value of the subordinated notes is based on a market price obtained from an independent pricing vendor. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized subordinated notes as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Junior subordinated debentures. The fair value of the junior subordinated debentures is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized junior subordinated debentures as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

(16) Stock-Based Compensation Plans

As of September 30, 2024, approximately 659,000 shares were available for future grants, assuming the maximum number of shares are issued for the performance awards outstanding, approved under the Company Stock Incentive Plans (“the Plans”). Descriptions of the Plans are included in Note (18) “Stock Compensation Plans and Other Employee Benefit Plans” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income was $9.5 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $8.1 million in the third quarter of 2023, and $27.6 million and $24.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

A summary of the Plans’ stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is presented below:

Stock Options	Common Shares	Weighted Average Strike Price		Remaining Contractual Term (1)	Intrinsic Value (2) (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2024	13,100	$	42.76
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(775)	32.26
Forfeited or canceled	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	12,325	$	43.42	3.7	$	802
Exercisable at September 30, 2024	12,325	$	43.42	3.7	$	802

Stock Options	Common Shares	Weighted Average Strike Price		Remaining Contractual Term (1)	Intrinsic Value (2) (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	68,093	$	41.14
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(54,218)	40.87
Forfeited or canceled	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	13,875	$	42.18	4.2	$	462
Exercisable at September 30, 2023	13,875	$	42.18	4.2	$	462

(1)Represents the remaining weighted average contractual life in years.

(2)Aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the Company’s stock price on the last trading day of the quarter and the option exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders if they had exercised their options on the last day of the quarter. Options with exercise prices above the stock price on the last trading day of the quarter are excluded from the calculation of intrinsic value. The intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, was approximately $50,000 and $2.5 million, respectively. Cash received from option exercises under the Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 was approximately $25,000 and $2.2 million, respectively.

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A summary of the Plans’ restricted share activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is presented below:

	Nine months ended September 30, 2024			Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Restricted Shares	Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1	746,123	$	79.60	610,155	$	73.21
Granted	405,506	99.78		268,142	88.18
Vested and issued	(238,002)	70.14		(117,365)	65.51
Forfeited or canceled	(17,885)	92.77		(12,491)	83.47
Outstanding at September 30	895,742	$	90.99	748,441	$	79.61
Vested, but deferred, at September 30	100,281	$	54.19	98,747	$	53.46

A summary of the Plans’ performance-based stock award activity, based on the target level of the awards, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is presented below:

	Nine months ended September 30, 2024			Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Performance-based Stock	Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1	553,026	$	79.69	545,379	$	70.30
Granted	111,398	100.44		189,219	92.37
Added by performance factor at vesting	96,952	58.78		23,161	63.64
Vested and issued	(296,243)	58.76		(178,203)	63.64
Forfeited or canceled	(5,304)	95.77		(19,289)	82.14
Outstanding at September 30	459,829	$	93.61	560,267	$	79.18
Vested, but deferred, at September 30	21,688	$	44.21	36,465	$	45.08

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(17) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss and Earnings Per Share

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss

The following tables summarize the components of other comprehensive income or loss, including the related income tax effects, and the related amount reclassified to net income for the periods presented:

(In thousands)	Accumulated Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Securities		Accumulated Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments		Accumulated Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance at July 1, 2024	$	(424,172)	$	(36,304)	$	(51,722)	$	(512,198)
Other comprehensive income during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	124,478		77,308		3,204		204,990
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(39)		15,080		—		15,041
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(10)		—		—		(10)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax	$	124,429	$	92,388	$	3,204	$	220,021
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(299,743)	$	56,084	$	(48,518)	$	(292,177)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	(350,697)	$	32,049	$	(42,583)	$	(361,231)
Other comprehensive income or loss during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	51,916		(20,715)		(5,935)		25,266
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(905)		44,750		—		43,845
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(57)		—		—		(57)
Net other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax	$	50,954	$	24,035	$	(5,935)	$	69,054
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(299,743)	$	56,084	$	(48,518)	$	(292,177)

Balance at July 1, 2023	$	(385,925)	$	(45,259)	$	(42,906)	$	(474,090)
Other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	(130,622)		(45,078)		(6,270)		(181,970)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(118)		13,478		—		13,360
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(23)		—		—		(23)
Net other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax	$	(130,763)	$	(31,600)	$	(6,270)	$	(168,633)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(516,688)	$	(76,859)	$	(49,176)	$	(642,723)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(386,057)	$	7,381	$	(48,960)	$	(427,636)
Other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	(130,028)		(110,931)		(216)		(241,175)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(528)		26,691		—		26,163
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(75)		—		—		(75)
Net other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax	$	(130,631)	$	(84,240)	$	(216)	$	(215,087)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(516,688)	$	(76,859)	$	(49,176)	$	(642,723)

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(In thousands)	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the
Details Regarding the Component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Impacted Line on the Consolidated Statements of Income
	September 30,				September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Accumulated unrealized gains on securities
Gains included in net income	$	45	$	158	$	1,223	$	720	Gains (losses) on investment securities, net
	45		158		1,223		720		Income before taxes
Tax effect	(6)		(40)		(318)		(192)		Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	39	$	118	$	905	$	528	Net income
Accumulated unrealized gains on derivative instruments
Amount reclassified to interest income on loans	$	23,704	$	22,768	$	72,027	$	50,501	Interest on Loans
Amount reclassified to interest expense on deposits	$	(3,325)	$	(4,657)	$	(11,307)	$	(14,902)	Interest on deposits
Amount reclassified to interest expense on other borrowings	—		263		—		789		Interest on other borrowings
	(20,379)		(18,374)		(60,720)		(36,388)		Income before taxes
Tax effect	5,299		4,896		15,970		9,697		Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(15,080)	$	(13,478)	$	(44,750)	$	(26,691)	Net income

Earnings per Share

The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated:

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net income		$	170,001	$	164,198	$	509,683	$	499,146
Less: Preferred stock dividends		6,991		6,991		20,973		20,973
Net income applicable to common shares	(A)	$	163,010	$	157,207	$	488,710	$	478,173
Weighted average common shares outstanding	(B)	64,888		61,213		62,743		61,119
Effect of dilutive potential common shares
Common stock equivalents		1,053		964		934		888
Weighted average common shares and effect of dilutive potential common shares	(C)	65,941		62,177		63,677		62,007
Net income per common share:
Basic	(A/B)	$	2.51	$	2.57	$	7.79	$	7.82
Diluted	(A/C)	$	2.47	$	2.53	$	7.67	$	7.71

Potentially dilutive common shares can result from stock options, restricted stock unit awards and shares to be issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the Directors Deferred Fee and Stock Plan, being treated as if they had been either exercised or issued, computed by application of the treasury stock method. While potentially dilutive common shares are typically included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from this computation in periods in which the effect of inclusion would either reduce the loss per share or increase the income per share.

At the January 2024 meeting of the board of directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”), a quarterly cash dividend of $0.45 per share ($1.80 on an annualized basis) was declared. It was paid on February 22, 2024 to shareholders of record as of February 8, 2024. At the April 2024 meeting of the Board of Directors, a quarterly cash dividend of $0.45 per share ($1.80 on an annualized basis) was declared. It was paid on May 23, 2024 to shareholders of record as of May 9, 2024. At the July 2024 meeting of the Board of Directors, a quarterly cash dividend of $0.45 ($1.80 on an annualized basis) was declared. It was paid on August 22, 2024 to shareholders of record as of August 8, 2024.

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ITEM 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition of Wintrust Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Wintrust” or the “Company”) as of September 30, 2024 compared with December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, and the results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes contained in this report and the risk factors discussed under Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”) and in Part II, Item 1A, of this Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties and, as such, future results could differ significantly from management’s current expectations. See the last section of this discussion for further information on forward-looking statements.

Introduction

Wintrust is a financial holding company that provides traditional community and commercial banking services and offers a full array of wealth management services, primarily to customers in the Chicago metropolitan area, southern Wisconsin and northwest Indiana, and operates other financing businesses on a national basis and in Canada through several non-bank business units.

Overview

Third Quarter Highlights

The Company recorded net income of $170.0 million for the third quarter of 2024 compared to $164.2 million in the third quarter of 2023. The results for the third quarter of 2024 demonstrate the Company's ability to grow net interest income through both organic earning asset growth and growth through acquisitions. Partially offsetting the increase in net interest income was an increase in non-interest expense. The increase in non-interest expense was a result of additional expenses to support organic growth as well as the impact from the Macatawa acquisition. Comprehensive income includes 1) net income as presented on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and 2) other comprehensive income or loss from unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities portfolios and derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges as well as foreign currency translation adjustments. Comprehensive income (loss) totaled $390.0 million for the third quarter of 2024 compared to a loss of $4.4 million for the third quarter of 2023.

The Company increased its loan portfolio from $41.4 billion at September 30, 2023 and $42.1 billion at December 31, 2023 to $47.1 billion at September 30, 2024. The increase in the current period compared to the prior periods was a result of organic growth in several portfolios, including the commercial, commercial real estate, residential real estate loans held for investment portfolios, and property and casualty insurance premium finance receivable portfolios as well as $1.3 billion in loans acquired from Macatawa. For more information regarding changes in the Company’s loan portfolio, see Financial Condition – Interest Earning Assets and Note (6) “Loans” of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report.

The Company recorded net interest income of $502.6 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $462.4 million in the third quarter of 2023. This increase in net interest income recorded in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023 resulted primarily from growth in earning assets, specifically a $5.2 billion increase in average loans. Net interest margin was 3.49% (3.51% on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, non-GAAP) in the third quarter of 2024 compared to 3.60% (3.62% on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, non-GAAP) in the third quarter of 2023. The decrease is primarily due to higher rates on interest-bearing liabilities, most notably interest-bearing deposits (see “Net Interest Income” for further detail).

Non-interest income totaled $113.1 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $112.5 million in the third quarter of 2023. The increase is due to increased net gains on investment securities of $5.5 million, increased wealth management revenue of $3.7 million and an increase of service charges on deposits of $2.2 million which was offset by decreased mortgage banking revenue of $11.4 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023 (see “Non-Interest Income” for further detail).

Non-interest expense totaled $360.7 million in the third quarter of 2024, an increase of $30.6 million, or 9%, compared to the third quarter of 2023. This increase compared to the third quarter of 2023 was primarily attributable to increased salaries and employee benefits of $18.9 million and increased software and equipment expenses of $5.6 million. (see “Non-Interest Expense” for further detail).

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Management considers the maintenance of adequate liquidity to be important to the management of risk. Accordingly, during the third quarter of 2024, the Company continued its practice of maintaining appropriate funding capacity to provide the Company with adequate liquidity for its ongoing operations. In this regard, the Company benefited from its strong deposit base, a liquid short-term investment portfolio and its access to funding from a variety of external funding sources. See “Deposits” and “Other Funding Sources” for additional information regarding liquidity sources.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Earnings Summary

The Company’s key operating measures and growth rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period last year, are shown below:

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023			Percentage (%) or Basis Point (bp) Change
Net income	$	170,001		$	164,198		4	%
Pre-tax income, excluding provision for credit losses (non-GAAP) (1)	255,043			244,781			4
Net income per common share—Diluted	2.47			2.53			(2)
Net revenue (2)	615,730			574,836			7
Net interest income	502,583			462,358			9
Net interest margin	3.49		%	3.60		%	(11)	bps
Net interest margin - fully taxable-equivalent (non-GAAP) (1)	3.51			3.62			(11)
Net overhead ratio (3)	1.62			1.59			3
Return on average assets	1.11			1.20			(9)
Return on average common equity	11.63			13.35			(172)
Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) (1)	13.92			15.73			(181)

	Nine months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023			Percentage (%) or Basis Point (bp) Change
Net income	$	509,683		$	499,146		2	%
Pre-tax income, excluding provision for credit losses (non-GAAP) (1)	778,076			751,320			4
Net income per common share—Diluted	7.67			7.71			0
Net revenue (2)	1,812,261			1,701,167			7
Net interest income	1,437,387			1,367,890			5
Net interest margin	3.52		%	3.68		%	(16)	bps
Net interest margin - fully taxable-equivalent (non-GAAP) (1)	3.54			3.70			(16)
Net overhead ratio (3)	1.52			1.55			(3)
Return on average assets	1.17			1.26			(9)
Return on average common equity	12.52			13.91			(139)
Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) (1)	14.69			16.43			(174)
At end of period
Total assets	$	63,788,424		$	55,555,246		15	%
Total loans, excluding loans held-for-sale	47,067,447			41,446,032			14
Total loans, including loans held-for-sale	47,528,514			41,750,840			14
Total deposits	51,404,966			44,992,686			14
Total shareholders’ equity	6,399,714			5,015,613			28
Book value per common share (1)	$	90.06		$	75.19		20
Tangible common book value per share (1)	76.15			64.07			19
Market price per common share	108.53			75.50			44
Allowance for loan and unfunded lending-related commitment losses to total loans	0.93		%	0.96		%	(3)	bps

(1)See following section titled “Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Measures/Ratios” for additional information on this performance measure/ratio.

(2)Net revenue is net interest income plus non-interest income.

(3)The net overhead ratio is calculated by netting total non-interest expense and total non-interest income, annualizing this amount, and dividing by that period’s total average assets. A lower ratio indicates a higher degree of efficiency.

Certain returns, yields, performance ratios, and quarterly growth rates are “annualized” throughout this report to represent an annual time period. This is done for analytical purposes to better discern for decision-making purposes underlying performance trends when compared to full-year or year-over-year amounts. For example, balance sheet growth rates are most often expressed in terms of an annual rate. As such, 5% growth during a quarter would represent an annualized growth rate of 20%.

49

SUPPLEMENTAL NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES/RATIOS

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States and prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, certain non-GAAP performance measures and ratios are used by management to evaluate and measure the Company’s performance. These include taxable-equivalent net interest income (including its individual components), taxable-equivalent net interest margin (including its individual components), the taxable-equivalent efficiency ratio, tangible common equity ratio, tangible book value per common share, return on average tangible common equity and pre-tax income, excluding provision for credit losses. Management believes that these measures and ratios provide users of the Company’s financial information a more meaningful view of the performance of the Company’s interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and of the Company’s operating efficiency. Other financial holding companies may define or calculate these measures and ratios differently.

Management reviews yields on certain asset categories and the net interest margin of the Company and its banking subsidiaries on a fully taxable-equivalent (“FTE”) basis. In this non-GAAP presentation, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt interest income on an equivalent before-tax basis using tax rates effective as of the end of the period. This measure ensures comparability of net interest income arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. Net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis is also used in the calculation of the Company’s efficiency ratio. The efficiency ratio, which is calculated by dividing non-interest expense by total taxable-equivalent net revenue (less securities gains or losses), measures how much it costs to produce one dollar of revenue. Securities gains or losses are excluded from this calculation to better match revenue from daily operations to operational expenses. Management considers the tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per common share as useful measurements of the Company’s equity. The Company references the return on average tangible common equity as a measurement of profitability. Management considers pre-tax income, excluding provision for credit losses as a useful measurement of the Company’s core net income.

A reconciliation of certain non-GAAP performance measures and ratios used by the Company to evaluate and measure the Company’s performance to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is shown below:

50

	Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	September 30,			June 30,			September 30,			September 30,			September 30,
(Dollars and shares in thousands)	2024			2024			2023			2024			2023
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Net Interest Margin and Efficiency Ratio:
(A) Interest Income (GAAP)	$	908,604		$	849,979		$	762,400		$	2,564,096		$	2,099,266
Taxable-equivalent adjustment:
- Loans	2,474			2,305			1,923			7,025			5,677
- Liquidity management assets	668			567			572			1,785			1,674
- Other earning assets	2			3			1			10			6
(B) Interest Income (non-GAAP)	$	911,748		$	852,854		$	764,896		$	2,572,916		$	2,106,623
(C) Interest Expense (GAAP)	406,021			379,369			300,042			1,126,709			731,376
(D) Net Interest Income (GAAP) (A minus C)	$	502,583		$	470,610		$	462,358		$	1,437,387		$	1,367,890
(E) Net Interest Income, fully taxable-equivalent (non-GAAP) (B minus C)	$	505,727		$	473,485		$	464,854		$	1,446,207		$	1,375,247
Net interest margin (GAAP)	3.49		%	3.50		%	3.60		%	3.52		%	3.68		%
Net interest margin, fully taxable-equivalent (non-GAAP)	3.51			3.52			3.62			3.54			3.70
(F) Non-interest income	$	113,147		$	121,147		$	112,478		$	374,874		$	333,277
(G) (Losses) gains on investment securities, net	3,189			(4,282)			(2,357)			233			(959)
(H) Non-interest expense	360,687			340,353			330,055			1,034,185			949,847
Efficiency ratio (H/(D+F-G))	58.88		%	57.10		%	57.18		%	57.07		%	55.80		%
Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) (H/(E+F-G))	58.58			56.83			56.94			56.80			55.56
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Tangible Common Equity Ratio:
Total shareholders’ equity (GAAP)	$	6,399,714		$	5,536,628		$	5,015,613
Less: Non-convertible preferred stock (GAAP)	(412,500)			(412,500)			(412,500)
Less: Acquisition-related intangible assets (GAAP)	(924,646)			(676,562)			(680,353)
(I) Total tangible common shareholders’ equity (non-GAAP)	$	5,062,568		$	4,447,566		$	3,922,760
(J) Total assets (GAAP)	$	63,788,424		$	59,781,516		$	55,555,246
Less: Acquisition-related intangible assets (GAAP)	(924,646)			(676,562)			(680,353)
(K) Total tangible assets (non-GAAP)	$	62,863,778		$	59,104,954		$	54,874,893
Common equity to assets ratio (GAAP) (L/J)	9.4		%	8.6		%	8.3		%
Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) (I/K)	8.1			7.5			7.1
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Tangible Book Value per Common Share:
Total shareholders’ equity	$	6,399,714		$	5,536,628		$	5,015,613
Less: Preferred stock	(412,500)			(412,500)			(412,500)
(L) Total common equity	$	5,987,214		$	5,124,128		$	4,603,113
(M) Actual common shares outstanding	66,482			61,760			61,222
Book value per common share (L/M)	$	90.06		$	82.97		$	75.19
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP) (I/M)	76.15			72.01			64.07

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Return on Average Tangible Common Equity:
(N) Net income applicable to common shares	$	163,010		$	145,397		$	157,207		$	488,710		$	478,173
Add: Acquisition-related intangible asset amortization	4,042			1,122			1,408			6,322			4,142
Less: Tax effect of acquisition-related intangible asset amortization	(1,087)			(311)			(380)			(1,682)			(1,102)
After-tax acquisition-related intangible asset amortization	$	2,955		$	811		$	1,028		$	4,640		$	3,040
(O) Tangible net income applicable to common shares (non-GAAP)	$	165,965		$	146,208		$	158,235		$	493,350		$	481,213
Total average shareholders’equity	$	5,990,429		$	5,450,173		$	5,083,883		$	5,628,346		$	5,008,648
Less: Average preferred stock	(412,500)			(412,500)			(412,500)			(412,500)			(412,500)
(P) Total average common shareholders’ equity	$	5,577,929		$	5,037,673		$	4,671,383		$	5,215,846		$	4,596,148
Less: Average acquisition-related intangible assets	(833,574)			(677,207)			(681,520)			(730,216)			(679,799)
(Q) Total average tangible common shareholders’ equity (non-GAAP)	$	4,744,355		$	4,360,466		$	3,989,863		$	4,485,630		$	3,916,349
Return on average common equity, annualized (N/P)	11.63		%	11.61		%	13.35		%	12.52		%	13.91		%
Return on average tangible common equity, annualized (non-GAAP) (O/Q)	13.92			13.49			15.73			14.69			16.43

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income:
Income before taxes	$	232,709	$	211,343	$	224,858	$	694,008	$	679,838
Add: Provision for credit losses	22,334		40,061		19,923		84,068		71,482
Pre-tax income, excluding provision for credit losses (non-GAAP)	$	255,043	$	251,404	$	244,781	$	778,076	$	751,320

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP in the United States, prevailing practices of the banking industry, and the application of accounting policies of which are described in Note (1) “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. These policies require numerous estimates and strategic or economic assumptions, which may prove inaccurate or subject to

51

variations. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions or estimates could have a material impact on the Company’s future financial condition and results of operations. At September 30, 2024, management views critical accounting estimates to include the determination of the allowance for credit losses, estimations of fair value, the valuations required for impairment testing of goodwill, the valuation and accounting for derivative instruments and income taxes as the accounting areas that require the most subjective and complex judgments, and as such could be most subject to revision as new information becomes available. These estimates were reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Allowance for Credit Losses, including the Allowance for Loan Losses, Allowance for Losses on Lending-Related Commitments and Allowance for Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities

The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the life of a financial asset carried at amortized cost. Determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses is considered a critical accounting estimate because it requires significant judgment and the use of estimates related to the fair value of the underlying collateral and amount and timing of expected future cash flows on individually assessed financial assets, estimated credit losses on pools of loans with similar risk characteristics, and consideration of reasonable and supportable forecasts of macroeconomic conditions, all of which are susceptible to significant change. At September 30, 2024, the loan and held-to-maturity debt securities portfolios represent 80% of the total assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company also maintains an allowance for lending-related commitments, specifically unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit, which relates to certain amounts the Company is committed to lend (not unconditionally cancelable) but for which funds have not yet been disbursed.

Key macroeconomic variable data points that are significant inputs into our credit loss models for the commercial and commercial real estate portfolios are the Baa corporate credit spread as well as CREPI specifically related to the commercial real estate portfolio. Holding all other inputs constant, the table below shows the impact of changes in these key macroeconomic variable data points on the estimate of allowance for credit losses.

	Impact to estimated allowance for credit losses from an increased or higher input value
Baa Credit Spread	Increases
CRE Price Index	Decreases

Holding all other inputs constant, the following table provides a sensitivity analysis for the commercial and commercial real estate portfolios based on a 20 basis point change in Baa credit spreads from the assumption utilized in the estimate of that portfolio’s allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2024:

Baa Credit Spread
	Narrows	Widens
Commercial	Decreases estimate by 5%-10%	Increases estimate by 10%-15%
Commercial Real Estate:
Construction	Decreases estimate by 15%-20%	Increases estimate by 15%-20%
Non-Construction	Decreases estimate by 5%-6%	Increases estimate by 5%-6%

Holding all other inputs constant, the following table provides a sensitivity analysis for the commercial real estate construction and non-construction portfolios based on a 10% change in CREPI from the assumption utilized in the estimate of that portfolio’s allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2024:

CRE Price Index
	Increases	Decreases
Commercial Real Estate:
Construction	Decreases estimate by 40%-45%	Increases estimate by 105%-110%
Non-Construction	Decreases estimate by 30%-35%	Increases estimate by 55%-60%

See Note (7) “Allowance for Credit Losses” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report and the section titled “Credit Quality” in Item 2 of this report for a description of the methodology used to determine the allowance for credit losses.

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For a more detailed discussion on these critical accounting estimates, see “Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates” beginning on page 57 of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Net Income

Net income for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 totaled $170.0 million, an increase of $5.8 million, or 4%, compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2023. On a per share basis, net income for the third quarter of 2024 totaled $2.47 per diluted common share compared to $2.53 for the third quarter of 2023.

The increase in net income for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the same period in the prior year is primarily attributable to increased net interest income, partially offset by increased non-interest expense including the impact of the Macatawa acquisition. See “Net Interest Income”, “Non-interest Income”, “Non-interest Expense” and “Credit Quality” for further detail.

Net Interest Income

The primary source of the Company’s revenue is net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income and fees on earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on the liabilities to fund those assets, including interest-bearing deposits and other borrowings. The amount of net interest income is affected by both changes in the level of interest rates, and the amount and composition of earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.

53

Quarter Ended September 30, 2024 compared to the Quarters Ended June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s average balances, net interest income and related net interest margins, including a calculation on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the second quarter of 2024 (sequential quarters) and third quarter of 2023 (linked quarters):

	Average Balance for three months ended,						Interest for three months ended,						Yield/Rate for three months ended,
(Dollars in thousands)	Sep 30, 2024		Jun 30, 2024		Sep 30, 2023		Sep 30, 2024		Jun 30, 2024		Sep 30, 2023		Sep 30, 2024		Jun 30, 2024		Sep 30, 2023
Interest-bearing deposits with banks, securities purchased under resale agreements and cash equivalents(1)	$	2,413,728	$	1,485,481	$	2,053,568	$	32,885	$	19,748	$	28,022	5.42	%	5.35	%	5.41	%
Investment securities(2)	8,276,576		8,203,764		7,706,285		70,260		70,346		59,737		3.38		3.45		3.08
FHLB and FRB stock	263,707		253,614		201,252		5,451		4,974		3,896		8.22		7.89		7.68
Liquidity management assets(3)(8)	$	10,954,011	$	9,942,859	$	9,961,105	$	108,596	$	95,068	$	91,655	3.94	%	3.85	%	3.65	%
Other earning assets(3)(4)(8)	17,542		15,257		17,879		282		235		291		6.38		6.23		6.47
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	376,251		347,236		319,099		6,233		5,434		4,767		6.59		6.29		5.93
Loans, net of unearned income(3)(5)(8)	45,920,586		43,819,354		40,707,042		796,637		752,117		668,183		6.90		6.90		6.51
Total earning assets(8)	$	57,268,390	$	54,124,706	$	51,005,125	$	911,748	$	852,854	$	764,896	6.33	%	6.34	%	5.95	%
Allowance for loan and investment security losses	(383,736)		(360,504)		(319,491)
Cash and due from banks	467,333		434,916		459,819
Other assets	3,563,296		3,294,066		3,236,528
Total assets	$	60,915,283	$	57,493,184	$	54,381,981
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	$	5,174,673	$	4,985,306	$	5,815,155	$	30,971	$	32,719	$	36,001	2.38	%	2.64	%	2.46	%
Wealth management deposits	1,362,747		1,531,865		1,512,765		10,158		10,294		9,350		2.97		2.70		2.45
Money market accounts	16,436,111		15,272,126		14,155,446		167,382		155,100		124,742		4.05		4.08		3.50
Savings accounts	6,096,746		5,878,844		5,472,535		42,892		41,063		31,784		2.80		2.81		2.30
Time deposits	9,598,109		8,546,172		6,495,906		110,616		96,527		60,906		4.58		4.54		3.72
Interest-bearing deposits	$	38,668,386	$	36,214,313	$	33,451,807	$	362,019	$	335,703	$	262,783	3.72	%	3.73	%	3.12	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	3,178,973		3,096,920		2,241,292		26,254		24,797		17,436		3.29		3.22		3.09
Other borrowings	622,792		587,262		657,454		9,013		8,700		9,384		5.76		5.96		5.66
Subordinated notes	298,135		410,331		437,658		3,712		5,185		5,491		4.95		5.08		4.98
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566		253,566		253,566		5,023		4,984		4,948		7.88		7.91		7.74
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	43,021,852	$	40,562,392	$	37,041,777	$	406,021	$	379,369	$	300,042	3.75	%	3.76	%	3.21	%
Non-interest-bearing deposits	10,271,613		9,879,134		10,612,009
Other liabilities	1,631,389		1,601,485		1,644,312
Equity	5,990,429		5,450,173		5,083,883
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	60,915,283	$	57,493,184	$	54,381,981
Interest rate spread(6)(8)													2.58	%	2.58	%	2.74	%
Less: Fully taxable-equivalent adjustment							(3,144)		(2,875)		(2,496)		(0.02)		(0.02)		(0.02)
Net free funds/contribution(7)	$	14,246,538	$	13,562,314	$	13,963,348							0.93		0.94		0.88
Net interest income/margin (GAAP)(8)							$	502,583	$	470,610	$	462,358	3.49	%	3.50	%	3.60	%
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustment							3,144		2,875		2,496		0.02		0.02		0.02
Net interest income/margin, fully taxable-equivalent (non-GAAP)(8)							$	505,727	$	473,485	$	464,854	3.51	%	3.52	%	3.62	%

(1)Includes interest-bearing deposits with banks and securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of greater than three months. Cash equivalents include federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of three months or less.

(2)Investment securities includes investment securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity, and equity securities with readily determinable fair values. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are included within other assets.

(3)Interest income on tax-advantaged loans, trading securities and investment securities reflects a tax-equivalent adjustment based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate in effect as of the applicable period. The total adjustments for the three months ended September 30, 2024, June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were $3.1 million, $2.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

(4)Other earning assets include brokerage customer receivables and trading account securities.

(5)Loans, net of unearned income, include nonaccrual loans.

(6)Interest rate spread is the difference between the yield earned on earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

(7)Net free funds are the difference between total average earning assets and total average interest-bearing liabilities. The estimated contribution to net interest margin from net free funds is calculated using the rate paid for total interest-bearing liabilities.

(8)See “Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Measures/Ratios” for additional information on this performance measure/ratio.

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For the third quarter of 2024, net interest income totaled $502.6 million, an increase of $32.0 million as compared to the second quarter of 2024, and an increase of $40.2 million as compared to the third quarter of 2023. Net interest margin was 3.49% (3.51% on a FTE basis, non-GAAP) during the third quarter of 2024 compared to 3.50% (3.52% on a FTE basis, non-GAAP) during the second quarter of 2024, and 3.60% (3.62% on a FTE basis, non-GAAP) during the third quarter of 2023.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s net interest income and related net interest margin, including a calculation on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

	Average Balance for nine months ended,				Interest for nine months ended,				Yield/Rate for nine months ended,
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Interest-bearing deposits with banks, securities purchased under resale agreements and cash equivalents(1)	$	1,720,387	$	1,584,120	$	69,310	$	58,443	5.38	%	4.93	%
Investment securities (2)	8,276,711		7,637,612		210,834		172,025		3.40		3.01
FHLB and FRB stock	249,375		219,442		14,903		11,120		7.98		6.77
Liquidity management assets (3)(8)	$	10,246,473	$	9,441,174	$	295,047	$	241,588	3.85	%	3.42	%
Other earning assets (3)(4)(8)	15,966		17,906		715		876		5.98		6.54
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	338,061		299,426		15,813		12,473		6.25		5.57
Loans, net of unearned income (3)(5)(8)	43,963,779		39,974,840		2,261,341		1,851,686		6.87		6.19
Total earning assets (8)	$	54,564,279	$	49,733,346	$	2,572,916	$	2,106,623	6.30	%	5.66	%
Allowance for loan and investment security losses	(368,713)		(301,742)
Cash and due from banks	450,899		476,490
Other assets	3,367,882		3,120,105
Total assets	$	58,014,347	$	53,028,199
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	$	5,279,697	$	5,544,488	$	98,586	$	83,949	2.49	%	2.02	%
Wealth management deposits	1,467,886		1,739,427		30,913		30,705		2.81		2.36
Money market accounts	15,398,045		13,480,887		460,466		299,649		3.99		2.97
Savings accounts	5,923,205		5,172,174		123,026		73,203		2.77		1.89
Time deposits	8,435,172		5,718,850		284,263		133,574		4.50		3.12
Interest-bearing deposits	$	36,504,005	$	31,655,826	$	997,254	$	621,080	3.65	%	2.62	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	3,002,228		2,313,571		73,099		53,970		3.25		3.12
Other borrowings	612,627		628,915		26,961		25,723		5.88		5.47
Subordinated notes	381,813		437,543		14,384		16,502		5.03		5.04
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566		253,566		15,011		14,101		7.91		7.44
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	40,754,239	$	35,289,421	$	1,126,709	$	731,376	3.69	%	2.77	%
Non-interest-bearing deposits	10,041,972		11,224,841
Other liabilities	1,589,790		1,505,289
Equity	5,628,346		5,008,648
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	58,014,347	$	53,028,199
Interest rate spread (6)(8)									2.61	%	2.89	%
Less: Fully taxable-equivalent adjustment					(8,820)		(7,357)		(0.02)		(0.02)
Net free funds/contribution (7)	$	13,810,040	$	14,443,925					0.93		0.81
Net interest income/margin (GAAP) (8)					$	1,437,387	$	1,367,890	3.52	%	3.68	%
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustment					8,820		7,357		0.02		0.02
Net interest income/margin, fully taxable-equivalent (non-GAAP) (8)					$	1,446,207	$	1,375,247	3.54	%	3.70	%

(1)Includes interest-bearing deposits with banks and securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of greater than three months. Cash equivalents include federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of three months or less.

(2)Investment securities includes investment securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity, and equity securities with readily determinable fair values. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are included within other assets.

(3)Interest income on tax-advantaged loans, trading securities and investment securities reflects a taxable-equivalent adjustment based on a marginal federal corporate tax rate in effect as of the applicable period. The total adjustments for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were $8.8 million and $7.4 million, respectively.

(4)Other earning assets include brokerage customer receivables and trading account securities.

(5)Loans, net of unearned income, include nonaccrual loans.

(6)Interest rate spread is the difference between the yield earned on earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

(7)Net free funds are the difference between total average earning assets and total average interest-bearing liabilities. The estimated contribution to net interest margin from net free funds is calculated using the rate paid for total interest-bearing liabilities.

(8)See “Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Measures/Ratios” for additional information on this performance ratio.

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Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income on a FTE basis (non-GAAP)

The following table presents an analysis of the changes in the Company’s net interest income on a FTE basis (non-GAAP) comparing the three month ended September 30, 2024 to each of the three month periods ended June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The reconciliations set forth the changes in the net interest income on a FTE basis (non-GAAP) as a result of changes in volumes, changes in rates and differing number of days in each period:

	Third Quarter of 2024 Compared to Second Quarter of 2024		Third Quarter of 2024 Compared to Third Quarter of 2023		First Nine Months of 2024 Compared to First Nine Months of 2023
(In thousands)
Net interest income, FTE basis (non-GAAP)(1) for comparative period	$	473,485	$	464,854	$	1,375,247
Change due to mix and growth of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (volume)	27,425		44,676		87,092
Change due to interest rate fluctuations (rate)	(329)		(3,803)		(21,151)
Change due to number of days in each period	5,146		—		5,019
Less: FTE adjustment	(3,144)		(3,144)		(8,820)
Net interest income (GAAP)(1) for the period ended September 30, 2024	$	502,583	$	502,583	$	1,437,387
FTE adjustment	3,144		3,144		8,820
Net interest income, FTE basis (non-GAAP)(1)	$	505,727	$	505,727	$	1,446,207

(1) See “Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Measures/Ratios” for additional information on this performance measure/ratio.

Non-interest Income

The following table presents non-interest income by category for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended				$ Change		% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Brokerage	$	6,139	$	4,359	$	1,780	41	%
Trust and asset management	31,085		29,170		1,915		7
Total wealth management (1)	37,224		33,529		3,695		11
Mortgage banking	15,974		27,395		(11,421)		(42)
Service charges on deposit accounts	16,430		14,217		2,213		16
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	3,189		(2,357)		5,546		NM
Fees from covered call options	988		4,215		(3,227)		(77)
Trading gains, net	(130)		728		(858)		NM
Operating lease income, net	15,335		13,863		1,472		11
Other:
Interest rate swap fees	2,914		2,913		1		—
BOLI	1,517		729		788		NM
Administrative services	1,450		1,336		114		9
Foreign currency remeasurement (losses) gains	696		(446)		1,142		NM
Changes in fair value on EBOs and loans held-for-investment	518		(338)		856		NM
Early pay-offs of capital leases	532		461		71		15
Miscellaneous	16,510		16,233		277		2
Total Other	24,137		20,888		3,249		16
Total Non-interest Income	$	113,147	$	112,478	$	669	1	%

(1)Wealth management revenue is comprised of the trust and asset management revenue of Wintrust Private Trust Company, N.A. (“WPTC”) and Great Lakes Advisors, the brokerage commissions, managed money fees and insurance product commissions at Wintrust Investments and fees from tax-deferred like-kind exchange services provided by CDEC.

NM—Not Meaningful.

56

	Nine Months Ended				$ Change		% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Brokerage	$	17,283	$	13,296	$	3,987	30	%
Trust and asset management	90,169		84,036		6,133		7
Total wealth management (1)	107,452		97,332		10,120		10
Mortgage banking	72,761		75,640		(2,879)		(4)
Service charges on deposit accounts	46,787		40,728		6,059		15
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	233		(959)		1,192		NM
Fees from covered call options	7,891		17,184		(9,293)		(54)
Trading gains, net	617		1,647		(1,030)		(63)
Operating lease income, net	43,383		39,136		4,247		11
Other:
Interest rate swap fees	9,134		8,230		904		11
BOLI	4,519		3,402		1,117		33
Administrative services	3,989		4,270		(281)		(7)
Foreign currency remeasurement (losses) gains	(620)		(91)		(529)		NM
Changes in fair value on EBOs and loans held-for-investment	683		(35)		718		NM
Early pay-offs of capital leases	1,355		1,027		328		32
Miscellaneous	76,690		45,766		30,924		68
Total Other	95,750		62,569		33,181		53
Total Non-interest Income	$	374,874	$	333,277	$	41,597	12	%

(1)Wealth management revenue is comprised of the trust and asset management revenue of the WPTC and Great Lakes Advisors, the brokerage commissions, managed money fees and insurance product commissions at Wintrust Investments and fees from tax-deferred like-kind exchange services provided by CDEC.

NM—Not Meaningful.

Notable contributions to the change in non-interest income are as follows:

Wealth management revenue increased by $3.7 million and $10.1 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods of 2023, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the increase is primarily due to increased asset management fees as a result of higher assets under management when compared to same period in the prior year.

Mortgage banking revenue decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 due to lower net revenue related to MSR activity and valuation adjustments. On a year-to-date basis, mortgage banking revenue decreased slightly for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 as a result of lower net revenue related to MSR activity which was offset by higher production revenue from increased mortgage production. Mortgage banking revenue includes revenue from activities related to originating, selling and servicing residential real estate loans for the secondary market. A main factor in the mortgage banking revenue recognized by the Company is the volume of mortgage loans originated or purchased for sale. Mortgage loans originated for sale totaled $766.8 million in the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $572.6 million in the third quarter of 2023. On a year-to-date basis, mortgage loans originated for sale totaled $2.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in originations from the comparative three and nine month periods was driven by growth in both purchase and refinance originations as housing inventories have improved and interest rates pulled back from peak levels reached in 2023. The percentage of origination volume from refinancing activities was 28% and 22% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 16% and 17%, for the same periods in 2023, respectively.

The Company records MSRs at fair value on a recurring basis. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the fair value of the MSRs portfolio decreased as a result of an unfavorable fair value adjustment of $17.3 million was recorded and a reduction in value of $7.3 million due to payoffs, paydowns and repurchases of the existing portfolio, partially offset as retained servicing rights led to capitalization of $6.4 million. On a year-to-date basis, the fair value of MSRs decreased due to a unfavorable fair value adjustment of $8.9 million as well as a reduction in value of $17.2 million due to payoffs, paydowns and repurchases of the existing portfolio, partially offset by retained servicing rights led to capitalization of $20.0 million. See Note (9) “Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”)” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for a summary of the changes in the carrying value of MSRs.

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Mortgage banking revenue is also impacted by changes in the fair value of derivative contracts held to economically hedge a portion of the fair value adjustments related to the Company’s MSRs portfolio. The change in fair value of the derivative contracts held as an economic hedge was a favorable $6.9 million and $3.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Service charges on deposits increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023 primarily as a result of increased account analysis services fees. Service charges on deposit accounts include fees charged to deposit customers for various services, including account analysis services, and are based on factors such as the size and type of customer, type of product and number of transactions. The fees are based on a standard schedule of fees and, depending on the nature of the service performed, the service is performed at a point in time or over a period of a month.

The Company recognized net gains on investment securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 of $3.2 million and $233,000, respectively. The Company recognized net losses on investment securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $2.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The net gains for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were primarily due to gains on the Company’s equity investment securities recorded in the third quarter of 2024. See Note (5) “Investment Securities” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for more information on net gains and losses on investment securities.

Fees from covered call options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased $3.2 million and $9.3 million, respectively, when compared to the same periods in the prior year, respectively. The decreased income was primarily because the Company sold less options than the prior year for both comparative periods. The Company has typically written call options with terms of less than three months against certain U.S. Treasury and agency securities held in its portfolio for liquidity and other purposes. Management has effectively entered into these transactions with the goal of economically hedging security positions and enhancing its overall return on its investment portfolio. These option transactions are designed to increase the total return associated with holding certain investment securities and do not qualify as hedges pursuant to accounting guidance. There were no outstanding call option contracts at September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Miscellaneous non-interest income includes loan servicing fees, income from other investments, and other fees. This category of income increased $277,000 and $30.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, miscellaneous income increased compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due higher fee income earned on card-related arrangements and partnership income. The increased income on a year-to-date basis was primarily due to a $20.0 million gain recognized in the first quarter of 2024 related to the sale of the Company’s Retirement Benefits Advisors (“RBA") division within its wealth management business as well as a $4.6 million gain recognized in the second quarter of 2024 on the sale of premium finance receivables.

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The table below presents additional selected information regarding mortgage banking for the respective periods.

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023			September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023
Originations:
Retail originations	$	527,408		$	408,761		$	1,403,306		$	1,071,786
Veterans First originations	239,369			163,856			561,270			451,218
Total originations for sale (A)	$	766,777		$	572,617		$	1,964,576		$	1,523,004
Originations for investment	218,984			137,622			663,561			453,597
Total originations	$	985,761		$	710,239		$	2,628,137		$	1,976,601
As percentage of originations for sale:
Retail originations	69		%	71		%	71		%	70		%
Veterans First originations	31			29			29			30
Purchases	72		%	84		%	78		%	83		%
Refinances	28			16			22			17
Production Margin:
Production revenue (B) (1)	$	13,113		$	13,766		$	41,538		$	34,233
Total originations for sale (A)	$	766,777		$	572,617		$	1,964,576		$	1,523,004
Add: Current period end mandatory interest rate lock commitments to fund originations for sale (2)	272,072			150,713			272,072			150,713
Less: Prior period end mandatory interest rate lock commitments to fund originations for sale (2)	222,738			196,246			119,624			113,303
Total mortgage production volume (C)	$	816,111		$	527,084		$	2,117,024		$	1,560,414
Production margin (B/C)	1.61		%	2.61		%	1.96		%	2.19		%
Mortgage Servicing:
Loans serviced for others (D)	$	12,253,361		$	11,885,531
MSRs, at fair value (E)	186,308			210,524
Percentage of MSRs to loans serviced for others (E/D)	1.52		%	1.77		%
Servicing income	$	10,809		$	10,191		$	31,893		$	33,277
Components of MSR:
MSR - changes in fair value model assumptions	$	(17,331)		$	4,723		$	(8,859)		$	485
Changes in fair value of derivative contract held as an economic hedge, net	6,892			(2,481)			3,543			(2,261)
MSR valuation adjustment, net of changes in fair value of derivative contract held as an economic hedge	$	(10,439)		$	2,242		$	(5,316)		$	(1,776)
MSR - current period capitalization	6,357			9,706			19,959			23,533
MSR - collection of expected cash flow - paydowns	(1,598)			(1,492)			(4,546)			(4,712)
MSR - collection of expected cash flow - payoffs and repurchases	(5,730)			(3,105)			(12,702)			(8,837)
MSR activity	$	(11,410)		$	7,351		$	(2,605)		$	8,208
Summary of Mortgage Banking Revenue:
Production revenue (1)	$	13,113		$	13,766		$	41,538		$	34,233
Servicing income	10,809			10,191			31,893			33,277
MSR activity	(11,410)			7,351			(2,605)			8,208
Changes in fair value on EBO loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	3,529			(4,245)			1,981			(440)
Other revenue	(67)			332			(46)			362
Total mortgage banking revenue	$	15,974		$	27,395		$	72,761		$	75,640
Changes in fair value on EBOs and loans held-for-investment	$	518		$	(338)		$	683		$	(35)

(1)Production revenue represents revenue earned from the origination and subsequent sale of mortgages, including gains on loans sold and fees from originations, changes in other related financial instruments carried at fair value, processing and other related activities, and excludes servicing fees, changes in the fair value of servicing rights and changes to the mortgage recourse obligation and other non-production revenue.

(2)Certain volume adjusted for the estimated pull-through rate of the loan, which represents the Company’s best estimate of the likelihood that a committed loan will ultimately fund.

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Non-interest Expense

The following table presents non-interest expense by category for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended				$ Change		% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Salaries and employee benefits:
Salaries	$	118,971	$	111,303	$	7,668	7	%
Commissions and incentive compensation	57,575		48,817		8,758		18
Benefits	34,715		32,218		2,497		8
Total salaries and employee benefits	211,261		192,338		18,923		10
Software and equipment	31,574		25,951		5,623		22
Operating lease equipment	10,518		12,020		(1,502)		(12)
Occupancy, net	19,945		21,304		(1,359)		(6)
Data processing	9,984		10,773		(789)		(7)
Advertising and marketing	18,239		18,169		70		0
Professional fees	9,783		8,887		896		10
Amortization of other acquisition-related intangible assets	4,042		1,408		2,634		NM
FDIC insurance	10,512		9,748		764		8
FDIC insurance - special assessment	—		—		—		NM
OREO expense, net	(938)		120		(1,058)		NM
Other:
Lending expenses, net of deferred originations costs	4,995		4,777		218		5
Travel and entertainment	5,364		5,449		(85)		(2)
Miscellaneous	25,408		19,111		6,297		33
Total other	35,767		29,337		6,430		22
Total Non-interest Expense	$	360,687	$	330,055	$	30,632	9	%

	Nine Months Ended				$ Change		% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Salaries and employee benefits:
Salaries	$	345,003	$	327,328	$	17,675	5	%
Commissions and incentive compensation	160,727		133,127		27,600		21
Benefits	99,245		93,587		5,658		6
Total salaries and employee benefits	604,975		554,042		50,933		9
Software and equipment	88,536		76,853		11,683		15
Operating lease equipment	32,035		31,669		366		1
Occupancy, net	58,616		58,966		(350)		(1)
Data processing	28,779		29,908		(1,129)		(4)
Advertising and marketing	48,715		47,909		806		2
Professional fees	29,303		25,990		3,313		13
Amortization of other acquisition-related intangible assets	6,322		4,142		2,180		53
FDIC insurance	30,322		27,425		2,897		11
FDIC insurance - special assessment	5,156		—		5,156		NM
OREO expense, net	(805)		31		(836)		NM
Other:
Lending expenses, net of deferred originations costs	15,408		15,766		(358)		(2)
Travel and entertainment	15,301		15,440		(139)		(1)
Miscellaneous	71,522		61,706		9,816		16
Total other	102,231		92,912		9,319		10
Total Non-interest Expense	$	1,034,185	$	949,847	$	84,338	9	%

NM - Not meaningful.

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Notable contributions to the change in non-interest expense are as follows:

Salaries and employee benefits expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023. The increase was primarily due to elevated commissions from increased mortgage production as well as due to the increase in employees related to the growth of the Company, including the Macatawa acquisition.

Software and equipment expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023 as a result of higher software license fees as well as higher computer and software depreciation expense as the Company invests in enhancements to the digital customer experience, upgrades to infrastructure and enhancements to information security capabilities.

Amortization of other acquisition-related intangible assets increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. The Macatawa acquisition impacted this increase by approximately $3.0 million.

FDIC insurance expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023. On a year-to-date basis, the increase is primarily due to the Company’s recognition of approximately $5.2 million accrued in the first quarter of 2024 as a result of the FDIC special assessment on uninsured deposits in response to certain bank failures that occurred in 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the increased expense is primarily due to balance sheet growth as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Miscellaneous expense includes ATM expenses, correspondent bank charges, directors’ fees, telephone, postage, corporate insurance, dues and subscriptions, problem loan expenses and other miscellaneous operational losses and costs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the company incurred $1.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively, in acquisition expenses related to the acquisition of Macatawa.

Income Taxes

The Company recorded income tax expense of $62.7 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $60.7 million in the third quarter of 2023. The effective tax rates were 26.95% in the third quarter of 2024 compared to 26.98% in the third quarter of 2023. During the first nine months of 2024, the Company recorded income tax expense of $184.3 million compared to $180.7 million for the first nine months of 2023. The effective tax rates were 26.56% for the first nine months of 2024 and 26.58% for the first nine months of 2023.

The effective tax rates were partially impacted by the tax effects related to share-based compensation which fluctuate based on the Company’s stock price and timing of employee stock option exercises and vesting of other shared-based awards. The Company recorded net excess tax benefits of $4.4 million in the first nine months of 2024, compared to net excess tax benefits of $2.9 million in the first nine months of 2023 related to share-based compensation, most of which was recorded in the first quarter for each year.

Operating Segment Results

The Company’s operations consist of three primary segments: community banking, specialty finance and wealth management. Refer to Note (13) “Segment Information” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for further information on the Company’s primary segments. The Company’s profitability is primarily dependent on the net interest income, provision for credit losses, non-interest income and operating expenses of its community banking segment.

The community banking segment’s net interest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 totaled $396.9 million as compared to $360.6 million for the same period in 2023, an increase of $36.3 million, or 10%. On a year-to-date basis, net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 was $1.1 billion. The increase in the third quarter of 2024, was primarily attributable to increased interest and fees on loans. The community banking segment’s non-interest income totaled $66.3 million in the third quarter of 2024, an decrease of $4.2 million, or 6%, when compared to the third quarter of 2023 total of $70.5 million. On a year-to-date basis, non-interest income totaled $212.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $5.2 million, or 2%, compared to $207.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in the nine month period was primarily the result of gains on investment securities and increased service charges on deposit accounts, partially offset by decreased mortgage banking revenue due to the decrease in the fair value of MSRs related to the changes in fair value model assumptions. The community banking segment recorded provision for credit losses of $20.5 million and $77.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $16.7 million and $64.6 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2023. The increase in provision for credit losses for the three and nine month period was primarily the result of loan growth, including $15.5 million in Day 1 provision related to the acquisition of Macatawa, coupled with losses experienced in the Commercial and Commercial Real

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Estate portfolios. The community banking segment’s net income for each of the quarters ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 totaled $115.2 million. On a year-to-date basis, the net income of the community banking segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $326.5 million as compared to $351.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The specialty finance segment’s net interest income totaled $88.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, compared to $85.4 million for the same period in 2023, an increase of $3.0 million, or 4%. On a year-to-date basis, net interest income for the segment increased $25.2 million, or 10%, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase for the three and nine month period was primarily due to loan growth and increased interest rates on the premium finance receivables portfolios. The specialty finance segment’s non-interest income increased to $29.6 million from $20.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and stood at $89.2 million and $78.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our property and casualty insurance premium finance operations, life insurance finance operations, lease financing operations and accounts receivable finance operations accounted for 51%, 29%, 18% and 2%, respectively, of the net revenues of our specialty finance business for the nine month period ended September 30, 2024. The net income of the specialty finance segment for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 totaled $46.8 million as compared to $40.5 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. On a year-to-date basis, the net income of the specialty finance segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $142.4 million as compared to $123.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The wealth management segment reported net interest income of $6.9 million for the third quarter of 2024 compared to $8.0 million in the same quarter of 2023, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 13%. On a year-to-date basis, net interest income totaled $22.6 million for the first nine months of 2024, as compared to $24.4 million for the first nine months of 2023. Net interest income for this segment is primarily comprised of an allocation of the net interest income earned by the community banking segment on non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing wealth management customer account balances on deposit at the banks. Wealth management customer account balances on deposit at the banks averaged $1.5 billion and $1.7 billion in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. This segment recorded non-interest income of $37.4 million for the third quarter of 2024 compared to $37.3 million for the third quarter of 2023. On a year-to-date basis, this segment recorded non-interest income of $131.5 million for the first nine months of 2024 as compared to $101.0 million for the first nine months of 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $20.0 million gain recognized in the first quarter of 2024 related to the sale of the Company’s RBA division within the wealth management business. Distribution of wealth management services through each bank continues to be a focus of the Company. The Company is committed to growing the wealth management segment in order to better service its customers and create a more diversified revenue stream. The wealth management segment’s net income totaled $8.0 million for the third quarter of 2024 compared to $8.5 million for the third quarter of 2023. On a year-to-date basis, the wealth management segment’s net income totaled $40.8 million and $23.6 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Financial Condition

Total assets were $63.8 billion at September 30, 2024, representing an increase of $8.2 billion, or 15%, when compared to September 30, 2023 and an increase of approximately $4.0 billion, or 27% on an annualized basis, when compared to June 30, 2024. Total funding, which includes deposits, all notes and advances, including secured borrowings and the junior subordinated debentures, was $55.8 billion at September 30, 2024, $52.4 billion at June 30, 2024, and $48.7 billion at September 30, 2023. See Notes (5), (6), (10), (11) and (12) of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report for additional period-end detail on the Company’s interest-earning assets and funding liabilities.

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Interest-Earning Assets

The following table sets forth, by category, the composition of average earning asset balances and the relative percentage of total average earning assets for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2024				June 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	$	376,251	1	%	$	347,236	1	%	$	319,099	1	%
Loans, net of unearned income
Commercial	$	14,544,139	25	%	$	13,729,524	25	%	$	12,323,460	24	%
Commercial real estate	12,502,355		22		11,810,525		22		10,757,683		21
Home equity	402,868		1		348,306		1		338,652		1
Residential real estate	3,171,131		6		2,893,829		5		2,556,984		5
Premium finance receivables	15,216,015		27		14,956,258		28		14,625,723		29
Other loans	84,078		0		80,912		0		104,540		0
Total average loans (1)	$	45,920,586	81	%	$	43,819,354	81	%	$	40,707,042	80	%
Liquidity management assets (2)	10,954,011		18		9,942,859		18		9,961,105		19
Other earning assets (3)	17,542		0		15,257		0		17,879		0
Total average earning assets	$	57,268,390	100	%	$	54,124,706	100	%	$	51,005,125	100	%
Total average assets	$	60,915,283			$	57,493,184			$	54,381,981
Total average earning assets to total average assets			94	%			94	%			94	%

(1)Total average loans includes nonaccrual loans.

(2)Liquidity management assets include investment securities, other securities, interest earning deposits with banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.

(3)Other earning assets include brokerage customer receivables and trading account securities.

Mortgage loans held-for-sale. Mortgage loans held-for-sale represents such loans awaiting subsequent sale in the secondary market with such sales eliminating the interest-rate risk associated with these loans, as they are predominantly long-term fixed rate loans, and provide a source of non-interest revenue. The increase in average balance for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the sequential and prior year periods is primarily due to higher mortgage origination production.

Loans, net of unearned income. Growth realized in the combined commercial and commercial real estate loan categories for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to the sequential and prior year periods is primarily attributable to increased business development efforts as well as loans acquired through the Macatawa acquisition. The aggregate balances of these loan categories comprised 59%, 58% and 57% of the average loan portfolio in the third quarter of 2024, second quarter of 2024 and third quarter of 2023, respectively.

Residential real estate loans averaged $3.2 billion in the third quarter of 2024, and increased $614.1 million, or 24%, from the average balance of $2.6 billion in the same period of 2023. Additionally, compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024, the average balance increased $277.3 million, or 38% on an annualized basis. Growth is due to the Company continuing to allocate a portion of its mortgage production for investment instead of for subsequent sale into the secondary market.

The increase in the premium finance receivables during the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023 was the result of continued originations within the portfolio due to hardening insurance market conditions driving a higher average size of new property and casualty insurance premium finance receivables as well as effective marketing and customer servicing. Approximately $4.8 billion of premium finance receivables were originated in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $4.6 billion during the same period of 2023. Premium finance receivables consist of a property and casualty portfolio and a life portfolio comprising approximately 47% and 53%, respectively, of the average total balance of premium finance receivables for the third quarter of 2024, and 46% and 54%, respectively, for the third quarter of 2023.

Other loans represent a wide variety of personal and consumer loans to individuals. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than mortgage loans but generally involve more credit risk due to the type and nature of the collateral.

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Liquidity management assets. Funds that are not utilized for loan originations are used to purchase investment securities and short term money market investments, to sell as federal funds and to maintain in interest bearing deposits with banks. The balances of these assets can fluctuate based on management’s ongoing effort to manage liquidity and for asset liability management purposes. The Company will continue to prudently evaluate and utilize liquidity sources as needed, including the management of availability with the FHLB and FRB and utilization of the revolving credit facility with unaffiliated banks.

The following table sets forth, by category, the composition of average earning asset balances and the relative percentage of total average earning assets for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	$	338,061	1	%	$	299,426	1	%
Loans:
Commercial	$	13,728,791	25	%	$	12,446,914	25	%
Commercial real estate	11,942,029		22		10,449,106		21
Home equity	365,150		1		336,765		1
Residential real estate	2,932,839		5		2,449,661		5
Premium finance receivables	14,913,225		27		14,209,217		28
Other loans	81,745		0		83,177		0
Total average loans(1)	$	43,963,779	80	%	$	39,974,840	80	%
Liquidity management assets (2)	10,246,473		19		9,441,174		19
Other earning assets (3)	15,966		0		17,906		0
Total average earning assets	$	54,564,279	100	%	$	49,733,346	100	%
Total average assets	$	58,014,347			$	53,028,199
Total average earning assets to total average assets			94	%			94	%

(1)Total average loans includes nonaccrual loans.

(2)Liquidity management assets include investment securities, other securities, interest earning deposits with banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.

(3)Other earning assets include brokerage customer receivables and trading account securities.

Maturities and Sensitivities of Loans to Changes in Interest Rates

The following table classifies the loan portfolio at September 30, 2024 by date at which the loans reprice or mature, and the type of rate exposure:

As of September 30, 2024	One year or less		From one to five years		From five to fifteen years		After fifteen years
(In thousands)									Total
Commercial
Fixed rate	$	442,214	$	3,352,273	$	1,914,643	$	23,532	$	5,732,662
Variable rate	9,513,446		1,585		—		—		9,515,031
Total commercial	$	9,955,660	$	3,353,858	$	1,914,643	$	23,532	$	15,247,693
Commercial real estate
Fixed rate	$	570,054	$	2,866,473	$	420,951	$	55,521	$	3,912,999
Variable rate	8,868,451		11,899		68		—		8,880,418
Total commercial real estate	$	9,438,505	$	2,878,372	$	421,019	$	55,521	$	12,793,417
Home equity
Fixed rate	$	8,588	$	1,593	$	—	$	22	$	10,203
Variable rate	416,840		—		—		—		416,840
Total home equity	$	425,428	$	1,593	$	—	$	22	$	427,043
Residential real estate
Fixed rate	$	7,088	$	5,468	$	75,934	$	1,086,008	$	1,174,498
Variable rate	92,075		512,374		1,609,091		—		2,213,540
Total residential real estate	$	99,163	$	517,842	$	1,685,025	$	1,086,008	$	3,388,038
Premium finance receivables - property & casualty
Fixed rate	$	7,049,022	$	82,659	$	—	$	—	$	7,131,681
Variable rate	—		—		—		—		—

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Total premium finance receivables - property & casualty	$	7,049,022	$	82,659	$	—	$	—	$	7,131,681
Premium finance receivables - life insurance
Fixed rate	$	160,090	$	444,534	$	4,000	$	4,654	$	613,278
Variable rate	7,383,621		—		—		—		7,383,621
Total premium finance receivables - life insurance	$	7,543,711	$	444,534	$	4,000	$	4,654	$	7,996,899
Consumer and other
Fixed rate	$	17,226	$	7,218	$	841	$	998	$	26,283
Variable rate	56,393		—		—		—		56,393
Total consumer and other	$	73,619	$	7,218	$	841	$	998	$	82,676
Total per category
Fixed rate	$	8,254,282	$	6,760,218	$	2,416,369	$	1,170,735	$	18,601,604
Variable rate	26,330,826		525,858		1,609,159		—		28,465,843
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	34,585,108	$	7,286,076	$	4,025,528	$	1,170,735	$	47,067,447
Less: Existing cash flow hedging derivatives	$	(6,000,000)
Less : Cash flow hedging derivatives effective in Q4 2024	$	(700,000)
Total loans repricing or maturing in one year or less, adjusted for cash flow hedging activity	$	27,885,108
Variable Rate Loan Pricing by Index:
SOFR tenors									$	17,155,288
12- month CMT									6,242,461
Prime									3,545,047
Fed Funds									951,119
Ameribor tenors									237,486
Other U.S. Treasury tenors									196,990
Other									137,452
Total variable rate									$	28,465,843

SOFR - Secured Overnight Financing Rate.

CMT - Constant Maturity Treasury Rate.

Ameribor - American Interbank Offered Rate.

CREDIT QUALITY

Commercial and Commercial Real Estate Loan Portfolios

Our commercial and commercial real estate loan portfolios are comprised primarily of lines of credit for working capital purposes and commercial real estate loans. The table below sets forth information regarding the types and amounts of our loans within these portfolios as of September 30, 2024 and 2023:

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	As of September 30, 2024						As of September 30, 2023
					Allowance						Allowance
			% of		For Credit				% of		For Credit
			Total		Losses				Total		Losses
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Balance		Allocation		Balance		Balance		Allocation
Commercial:
Commercial, industrial, and other	$	15,247,693	54.4	%	$	171,598	$	12,725,473	53.8	%	$	151,488
Commercial Real Estate:
Construction and development	$	2,403,690	8.6	%	$	97,949	$	1,893,773	8.0	%	$	90,622
Non-construction	10,389,727		37.0		133,195		9,052,407		38.2		125,096
Total commercial real estate	$	12,793,417	45.6	%	$	231,144	$	10,946,180	46.2	%	$	215,718
Total commercial and commercial real estate	$	28,041,110	100.0	%	$	402,742	$	23,671,653	100.0	%	$	367,206
Commercial real estate - collateral location by state:
Illinois	$	7,154,012	55.9	%			$	6,805,308	62.2	%
Wisconsin	868,844		6.8				889,452		8.1
Michigan	854,189		6.7				184,197		1.7
Total primary markets	$	8,877,045	69.4	%			$	7,878,957	72.0	%
Indiana	445,417		3.5				361,776		3.3
Florida	423,517		3.3				292,423		2.7
Tennessee	289,989		2.3				162,961		1.5
Texas	281,057		2.2				205,756		1.9
California	259,341		2.0				237,145		2.2
Other	2,217,051		17.3				1,807,162		16.4
Total commercial real estate	$	12,793,417	100.0	%			$	10,946,180	100.0	%

We make commercial loans for many purposes, including working capital lines, which are generally renewable annually and supported by business assets, personal guarantees and additional collateral. Such loans may vary in size based on customer need. Primarily as a result of growth in the Company’s commercial loan portfolio our allowance for credit losses in our commercial loan portfolio increased to $171.6 million as of September 30, 2024 compared to $151.5 million as of September 30, 2023.

Our commercial real estate loans are generally secured by a first mortgage lien and assignment of rents on the property. Since most of our bank branches are located in the Chicago metropolitan area, southern Wisconsin and west Michigan, 69.4% of our commercial real estate loan portfolio is located in this region as of September 30, 2024. We have been able to effectively manage our total non-performing commercial real estate loans, aided by our credit management process. As of September 30, 2024, our allowance for credit losses related to this portfolio was $231.1 million compared to $215.7 million as of September 30, 2023. The increase in the allowance for credit losses is primarily a result of growth in our commercial real estate portfolio. The table below sets forth the commercial real estate loans by property type and owner vs. non-owner occupied.

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(In thousands)	September 30, 2024										September 30, 2023
Commercial Real Estate:	Owner Occupied		Non-Owner Occupied		Total		% of Total		Average Size of Loan		Owner Occupied		Non-Owner Occupied		Total		% of Total		Average Size of Loan
Residential construction	$	1,508	$	71,580	$	73,088	1	%	$	620	$	3,517	$	48,033	$	51,550	0	%	$	874
Commercial construction	180,912		1,803,328		1,984,240		15		4,450		75,427		1,471,895		1,547,322		14		4,846
Land	6,411		339,951		346,362		3		1,786		9,746		285,155		294,901		3		1,798
Office	286,821		1,388,465		1,675,286		13		1,508		274,950		1,147,798		1,422,748		13		1,345
Industrial	974,064		1,553,868		2,527,932		20		1,719		826,133		1,231,824		2,057,957		19		1,531
Retail	355,867		1,048,719		1,404,586		11		1,176		322,263		1,019,188		1,341,451		12		1,184
Multi-family	103,166		3,090,173		3,193,339		25		1,336		109,611		2,601,218		2,710,829		25		1,161
Mixed use and other	548,315		1,040,269		1,588,584		12		1,151		482,197		1,037,225		1,519,422		14		1,191
Total commercial real estate	$	2,457,064	$	10,336,353	$	12,793,417	100	%	$	1,541	$	2,103,844	$	8,842,336	$	10,946,180	100	%	$	1,425

The Company also participates in mortgage warehouse lending, which is included above within commercial, industrial and other, by providing interim funding to unaffiliated mortgage bankers to finance residential mortgages originated by such bankers for sale into the secondary market. The Company’s loans to the mortgage bankers are secured by the business assets of the mortgage companies as well as the specific mortgage loans funded by the Company, after they have been pre-approved for purchase by third party end lenders. The Company may also provide interim financing for packages of mortgage loans on a bulk basis in circumstances where the mortgage bankers desire to competitively bid on a number of mortgages for sale as a package in the secondary market.

Past Due Loans and Non-Performing Assets

Our ability to manage credit risk depends in large part on our ability to properly identify and manage problem loans. To do so, the Company operates a credit risk rating system under which our credit management personnel assigns a credit risk rating to each loan at the time of origination and review loans on a regular basis to determine each loan’s credit risk rating on a scale of 1 through 10 with higher scores indicating higher risk. Description of the Company’s credit risk rating structure used is included in Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the 2023 Form 10-K.

If based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due to it according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, a loan is individually assessed for measuring the allowance for credit losses and, if necessary, a reserve is established. In determining the appropriate reserve for collateral-dependent loans, the Company considers the results of appraisals for the associated collateral.

Loan Portfolio Aging

As of September 30, 2024, excluding early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, $83.1 million, or 0.2% of all loans, were 60 to 89 days (or two payments) past due and $204.0 million, or 0.4% of all loans, were 30 to 59 days (or one payment) past due. As of June 30, 2024, excluding early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, $59.4 million, or 0.1% of all loans, were 60 to 89 days (or two payments) past due and $139.8 million, or 0.3% of all loans, were 30 to 59 days (or one payment) past due. Many of the commercial and commercial real estate loans shown as 60 to 89 days and 30 to 59 days past due are included on the Company’s internal problem loan reporting system. Loans on this system are closely monitored by management on a monthly basis. The Company's home equity and residential loan portfolios continue to exhibit low delinquency ratios. Home equity loans at September 30, 2024 that were current with regard to the contractual terms of the loan agreement represent 98.9% of the total home equity portfolio. Residential real estate loans, excluding early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, at September 30, 2024 that were current with regards to the contractual terms of the loan agreements comprise 99.2% of total residential real estate loans outstanding. For more information regarding delinquent loans as of September 30, 2024, see Note (7) “Allowance for Credit Losses” in Item 1 of this report.

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Non-performing Assets (1)

The following table sets forth the Company's non-performing assets performing under the contractual terms of the loan agreement as of the dates shown.

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024			September 30, 2023
Loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing:
Commercial	$	20		$	304		$	200
Commercial real estate	225			—			1,092
Home equity	—			—			—
Residential real estate	—			—			—
Premium finance receivables—property and casualty	18,235			22,427			16,253
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	—			—			10,679
Consumer and other	148			121			27
Total loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing	18,628			22,852			28,251
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial	63,826			51,087			43,569
Commercial real estate	42,071			48,289			17,043
Home equity	1,122			1,100			1,363
Residential real estate	17,959			18,198			16,103
Premium finance receivables—property and casualty	36,079			32,722			26,756
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	—			—			—
Consumer and other	2			3			16
Total nonaccrual loans	161,059			151,399			104,850
Total non-performing loans:
Commercial	63,846			51,391			43,769
Commercial real estate	42,296			48,289			18,135
Home equity	1,122			1,100			1,363
Residential real estate	17,959			18,198			16,103
Premium finance receivables—property and casualty	54,314			55,149			43,009
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	—			—			10,679
Consumer and other	150			124			43
Total non-performing loans	$	179,687		$	174,251		$	133,101
Other real estate owned	13,682			19,731			14,060
Total non-performing assets	193,369			$	193,982		$	147,161
Total non-performing loans by category as a percent of its own respective category’s period-end balance:
Commercial	0.42		%	0.36		%	0.34		%
Commercial real estate	0.33			0.40			0.17
Home equity	0.26			0.31			0.40
Residential real estate	0.53			0.59			0.59
Premium finance receivables—property and casualty	0.76			0.78			0.64
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	—			—			0.13
Consumer and other	0.18			0.14			0.06
Total non-performing loans	0.38		%	0.39		%	0.32		%
Total non-performing assets, as a percentage of total assets	0.30		%	0.32		%	0.26		%
Total nonaccrual loans as a percentage of total loans	0.34		%	0.34		%	0.25		%
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonaccrual loans	270.53		%	288.69		%	380.69		%

(1)Excludes early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Early buy-out loans are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, subject to indemnifications and insurance limits for certain loans.

At this time, management believes reserves are appropriate to absorb losses that are expected upon the ultimate resolution of these credits. Significant increases may occur in subsequent periods due to ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty and related impacts on borrowers. Management will continue to actively review and monitor its loan portfolios, in an effort to identify problem credits in a timely manner.

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Non-performing Loans Rollforward, excluding early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies

The table below presents a summary of non-performing loans for the periods presented:     

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	174,251	$	108,712	$	139,030	$	100,697
Additions from becoming non-performing in the respective period	42,335		18,666		96,711		64,367
Additions from assets acquired in the respective period	189				189		—
Return to performing status	(362)		(1,702)		(1,274)		(2,542)
Payments received	(10,894)		(6,488)		(20,505)		(24,063)
Transfer to OREO and other repossessed assets	(3,680)		(2,671)		(10,625)		(5,629)
Charge-offs	(21,211)		(3,011)		(28,884)		(6,866)
Net change for premium finance receivables	(941)		19,595		(4,284)		7,137
Balance at end of period	$	179,687	$	133,101	$	170,358	$	133,101

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses, specifically the allowance for loans losses and the allowance for unfunded commitment losses, represents management’s estimate of lifetime expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. The allowance for credit losses is determined quarterly using a methodology that incorporates important risk characteristics of each loan. A description of how the Company determines the allowance for credit losses is included in Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Management determined that the allowance for credit losses was appropriate at September 30, 2024, and that the loan portfolio is well diversified and well secured, without undue concentration in any specific risk area. While this process involves a high degree of management judgment, the allowance for credit losses is based on a comprehensive, well documented, and consistently applied analysis of the Company’s loan portfolio. This analysis takes into consideration all available information existing as of the financial statement date, including environmental factors such as economic, industry, geographical and political factors, when considered applicable. The relative level of allowance for credit losses is reviewed and compared to industry peers. This review encompasses levels of total non-performing loans, portfolio mix, portfolio concentrations and overall levels of net charge-off. Historical trending of both the Company’s results and the industry peers is also reviewed to analyze comparative significance.

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Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for credit losses, specifically related to loans and unfunded lending-related commitments, during the periods indicated.

 

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023			September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	437,069		$	387,380		$	427,265		$	357,448
Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2022-02	—			—			—			741
Provision for credit losses - other	6,799			19,948			68,389			71,589
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	15,547			—			15,547			—
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	3,004			—			3,004			—
Other adjustments	30			(60)			(20)			(15)
Charge-offs:
Commercial	22,975			2,427			43,774			10,599
Commercial real estate	95			1,713			21,090			9,842
Home equity	—			227			74			227
Residential real estate	—			78			61			78
Premium finance receivables - property & casualty	7,790			5,830			24,214			14,978
Premium finance receivables - life insurance	4			18			4			173
Consumer and other	154			184			398			447
Total charge-offs	31,018			10,477			89,615			36,344
Recoveries:
Commercial	649			1,162			2,078			2,059
Commercial real estate	30			243			151			368
Home equity	101			33			165			105
Residential real estate	5			1			15			11
Premium finance receivables - property & casualty	3,436			906			8,613			3,110
Premium finance receivables - life insurance	41			—			54			9
Consumer and other	21			14			68			69
Total recoveries	4,283			2,359			11,144			5,731
Net charge-offs	(26,735)			(8,118)			(78,471)			(30,613)
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	435,714		$	399,150		$	435,714		$	399,150
Annualized net charge-offs (recoveries) by category as a percentage of its own respective category’s average:
Commercial	0.61		%	0.04		%	0.41		%	0.09		%
Commercial real estate	0.00			0.05			0.23			0.12
Home equity	(0.10)			0.23			(0.03)			0.05
Residential real estate	0.00			0.01			0.00			0.00
Premium finance receivables - property & casualty	0.24			0.29			0.30			0.26
Premium finance receivables - life insurance	0.00			0.00			0.00			0.00
Consumer and other	0.63			0.65			0.54			0.60
Total loans, net of unearned income	0.23		%	0.08		%	0.24		%	0.10		%
Loans at period-end	$	47,067,447		$	41,446,032
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans at period end	0.77		%	0.76		%
Allowance for loan and unfunded loan-related commitment losses as a percentage of loans at period end	0.93			0.96

See Note (7) “Allowance for Credit Losses” of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report for further discussion of activity within the allowance for credit losses during the period and the relationship with respective loan balances for each loan category and the total loan portfolio.

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Other Real Estate Owned

In certain circumstances, the Company is required to take action against the real estate collateral of specific loans. The Company uses foreclosure only as a last resort for dealing with borrowers experiencing financial hardships. The Company employs extensive contact and restructuring procedures to attempt to find other solutions for our borrowers. The tables below present a summary of other real estate owned and show the activity for the respective periods and the balance for each property type:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	19,731	$	11,586	$	13,309	$	9,900
Disposal/resolved	(9,729)		(467)		(11,481)		(1,635)
Transfers in at fair value, less costs to sell	3,680		2,941		12,061		5,899
Fair value adjustments	—		—		(207)		(104)
Balance at end of period	$	13,682	$	14,060	$	13,682	$	14,060

 

	Period End
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Residential real estate	$	—	$	161	$	441
Commercial real estate	13,682		19,570		13,619
Total	$	13,682	$	19,731	$	14,060

Deposits

Total deposits at September 30, 2024 were $51.4 billion, an increase of $6.4 billion, or 14%, compared to total deposits at September 30, 2023. See Note (10) “Deposits” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for a summary of period end deposit balances.

The following table sets forth, by category, the maturity of time certificates of deposit as of September 30, 2024:

Time Certificates of Deposit Maturity/Re-pricing Analysis As of September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands)	Total Time Certificates of Deposits		Weighted-Average Rate of Maturing Time Certificates of Deposit
1-3 months	$	3,125,473	4.71	%
4-6 months	3,238,465		4.55
7-9 months	2,624,913		4.39
10-12 months	619,340		4.05
13-18 months	239,018		3.48
19-24 months	89,361		2.82
24+ months	62,003		2.29
Total	$	9,998,573	4.47	%

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The following table sets forth, by category, the composition of average deposit balances and the relative percentage of total average deposits for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2024				June 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent
Non-interest-bearing	$	10,271,613	21	%	$	9,879,134	21	%	$	10,612,009	25	%
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	5,174,673		11		4,985,306		11		5,815,155		13
Wealth management deposits	1,362,747		3		1,531,865		3		1,512,765		3
Money market	16,436,111		34		15,272,126		33		14,155,446		32
Savings	6,096,746		12		5,878,844		13		5,472,535		12
Time certificates of deposit	9,598,109		19		8,546,172		19		6,495,906		15
Total average deposits	$	48,939,999	100	%	$	46,093,447	100	%	$	44,063,816	100	%

Total average deposits for the third quarter of 2024 were $48.9 billion, an increase of $4.9 billion, or 11%, from the third quarter of 2023. Total deposits increased in the third quarter primarily as a result of the Macatawa acquisition as well as the Company’s increased marketing efforts to retain and attract deposits to support continued loan growth. Additionally, the diversity of our deposit base showed its resilience in a volatile market. The Company has experienced a change in the mix of deposits as non-interest bearing deposits have migrated to interest-bearing products.

Wealth management deposits are funds from the brokerage customers of Wintrust Investments, CDEC and trust and asset management customers of the Company which have been placed into deposit accounts of the banks (“wealth management deposits” in the table above). Wealth Management deposits consist primarily of money market accounts. Consistent with reasonable interest rate risk parameters, these funds have generally been invested in loan production of the banks as well as other investments suitable for banks.

Brokered Deposits

While the Company obtains a portion of its total deposits through brokered deposits, the Company does so primarily as an asset-liability management tool to assist in the management of interest rate risk, and the Company does not consider brokered deposits to be a vital component of its current liquidity resources. Historically, brokered deposits have represented a small component of the Company’s total deposits outstanding, as set forth in the table below:

	September 30,						December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2023			2022			2021
Total deposits	$	51,404,966		$	44,992,686		$	45,397,170		$	42,902,544		$	42,095,585
Brokered deposits	4,080,401			3,693,997			4,216,718			3,174,093			1,591,083
Brokered deposits as a percentage of total deposits	7.9		%	8.2		%	9.3		%	7.4		%	3.8		%

Brokered deposits include certificates of deposit obtained through deposit brokers, deposits received through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Program, and certain deposits of brokerage customers from unaffiliated companies which have been placed into deposit accounts of the banks.

Other Funding Sources

Although deposits are the Company’s primary source of funding its interest-earning assets, the Company’s ability to manage the types and terms of deposits is somewhat limited by customer preferences and market competition. As a result, in addition to deposits and the issuance of equity securities and the retention of earnings, the Company uses several other funding sources to support its growth. These sources include FHLB advances, notes payable, short-term borrowings, secured borrowings, subordinated debt and junior subordinated debentures. The Company evaluates the terms and unique characteristics of each source, as well as its asset-liability management position, in determining the use of such funding sources.

72

The following table sets forth, by category, the composition of the average balances of other funding sources for the quarterly periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		June 30,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2024		2023
FHLB advances	$	3,178,973	$	3,096,920	$	2,241,292
Other borrowings:
Notes payable	156,949		163,920		185,386
Short-term borrowings	37		799		15,706
Secured borrowings	407,993		364,207		396,464
Other	57,813		58,336		59,898
Total other borrowings	$	622,792	$	587,262	$	657,454
Subordinated notes	298,135		410,331		437,658
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566		253,566		253,566
Total other funding sources	$	4,353,466	$	4,348,079	$	3,589,970

See Note (11) “FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes” and Note (12) “Junior Subordinated Debentures” of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report for details of period end balances and other information for these various funding sources. The Company hereby incorporates by reference Note (11) and Note (12) of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report in its entirety.

Shareholders’ Equity

The following tables reflect various consolidated measures of capital as of the dates presented and the capital guidelines established for a bank holding company:

	September 30, 2024		June 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.6	%	9.3	%	9.2	%
Risk-based capital ratios:
Tier 1 capital ratio	10.6		10.3		10.2
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	9.8		9.5		9.3
Total capital ratio	12.2		12.1		12.0
Other ratio:
Total average equity-to-total average assets(1)	9.8		9.5		9.3

(1)Based on quarterly average balances.

	Minimum Capital Requirements		Minimum Ratio + Capital Conservation Buffer(1)	Minimum Well Capitalized(2)
Tier 1 leverage ratio	4.0	%	N/A	N/A
Risk-based capital ratios:
Tier 1 capital ratio	6.0		8.5	6.0
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	4.5		7.0	N/A
Total capital ratio	8.0		10.5	10.0

(1)Reflects the Capital Conservation Buffer of 2.5%.

(2)Reflects the well-capitalized standard applicable to the Company for purposes of the Federal Reserve’s Regulation Y. The Federal Reserve has not yet revised the well-capitalized standard for bank holding companies (“BHCs”) to reflect the higher capital requirements imposed under the U.S. Basel III Rule or to add Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio and Tier 1 leverage ratio requirements to this standard. As a result, the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio and Tier 1 leverage ratio are denoted as “N/A” in this column. If the Federal Reserve were to apply the same or a very similar well-capitalized standard to BHCs as the standard applicable to our subsidiary banks, we believe the Company’s capital ratios as of September 30, 2024 would exceed such revised well-capitalized standard.

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The Company’s principal sources of funds at the holding company level are dividends from its subsidiaries, borrowings under its loan agreement with unaffiliated banks and proceeds from the issuances of subordinated debt and additional equity. Refer to Notes (11) and (12) of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 for further information on these various funding sources. See Note (23) “Shareholders’ Equity” of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 7 of the 2023 Form 10-K for details on the Company’s issuance of Series D Preferred Stock in June 2015, Series E Preferred Stock and associated Depositary Shares in May 2020 and additional common stock offering in June 2022.

The Board of Directors approves dividends from time to time, however, the ability to declare a dividend is limited by the Company’s financial condition, the terms of the Company’s Series D and Series E Preferred Stock, the terms of the Company’s Trust Preferred Securities offerings and under certain financial covenants in the Company’s revolving and term facilities. In January, April and July of 2024, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.45 per common share. In January, April, July and October of 2023, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.40 per common share.

The Company continues to leverage its capital management framework to assess and monitor risk when making capital decisions. Management is committed to maintaining the Company’s capital levels above the “Well Capitalized” levels established by the FRB for bank holding companies.

LIQUIDITY

The Company manages the liquidity position of its banking operations to ensure that sufficient funds are available to meet customers’ needs for loans and deposit withdrawals. The management process includes the utilization of stress testing processes and other aspects of the Company's liquidity management framework to assess and monitor risk, and inform decision making. The liquidity to meet the demands of customers is provided by maturing assets, liquid assets that can be converted to cash and the ability to attract funds from external sources. Liquid assets refer to money market assets such as Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits with banks, as well as available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair values which are not pledged to secure public funds. In addition, trade date receivables represent certain sales or calls of available-for-sale securities that await cash settlement, typically in the month following the trade date.

In addition to the liquidity management noted above, in the second quarter of 2024, the Company completed a loan sale transaction within our property and casualty insurance premium finance receivables portfolio which demonstrated that our premium finance portfolio is a strong source of additional liquidity if needed and demonstrated the flexibility to continue to manage our balance sheet effectively. Net proceeds to the Company totaled approximately $627.5 million and a gain on the sale was recorded for approximately $4.6 million. We maintain our liquid assets to ensure that we would have the balance sheet strength to serve our clients. As a result, the Company believes that it has sufficient funds and access to funds to effectively meet its working capital and other needs. The Company will continue to prudently evaluate liquidity sources, including the management of availability with the FHLB and FRB and utilization of the revolving credit facility with unaffiliated banks. Please refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation -Interest-Earning Assets, -Deposits, -Other Funding Sources and -Shareholders’ Equity sections of this report for additional information regarding the Company’s liquidity position.

INFLATION

A banking organization’s assets and liabilities are primarily monetary. Changes in the rate of inflation typically do not have as great an impact on the financial condition of a bank as do changes in interest rates. Moreover, interest rates do not necessarily change at the same percentage as inflation. Accordingly, changes in inflation are not expected to have as material an impact on the Company’s business as entities operating in other industries. An analysis of the Company’s asset and liability structure provides the best indication of how the organization is positioned to respond to changing interest rates. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” section of this report for additional information.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. Forward-looking information can be identified through the use of words such as “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “contemplate,” “possible,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements and information are not historical facts, are premised on many factors and assumptions, and represent only management’s expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events. Similarly, these statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict, and which may include, but are not limited to, those listed below and the Risk Factors discussed under Item 1A of the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any of the Company’s

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subsequent SEC filings. The Company intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and is including this statement for purposes of invoking these safe harbor provisions. Such forward-looking statements may be deemed to include, among other things, statements relating to the Company’s future financial performance, the performance of its loan portfolio, the expected amount of future credit reserves and charge-offs, delinquency trends, growth plans, regulatory developments, securities that the Company may offer from time to time, and plans to form additional de novo banks or branch offices, and management’s long-term performance goals, as well as statements relating to the anticipated effects on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations from expected developments or events, the Company’s business and growth strategies, including future acquisitions of banks, specialty finance or wealth management businesses, internal growth and plans to form additional de novo banks or branch offices. Actual results could differ materially from those addressed in the forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors, including the following:

•economic conditions and events that affect the economy, housing prices, the job market and other factors that may adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and the performance of its loan portfolios, including an actual or threatened U.S. government debt default or rating downgrade, particularly in the markets in which it operates;

•negative effects suffered by us or our customers resulting from changes in U.S. trade policies;

•the extent of defaults and losses on the Company’s loan portfolio, which may require further increases in its allowance for credit losses;

•estimates of fair value of certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which could change in value significantly from period to period;

•the financial success and economic viability of the borrowers of our commercial loans;

•commercial real estate market conditions in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin;

•the extent of commercial and consumer delinquencies and declines in real estate values, which may require further increases in the Company’s allowance for credit losses;

•inaccurate assumptions in our analytical and forecasting models used to manage our loan portfolio;

•changes in the level and volatility of interest rates, the capital markets and other market indices that may affect, among other things, the Company’s liquidity and the value of its assets and liabilities;

•the interest rate environment, including a prolonged period of low interest rates or rising interest rates, either broadly or for some types of instruments, which may affect the Company’s net interest income and net interest margin, and which could materially adversely affect the Company’s profitability;

•competitive pressures in the financial services business which may affect the pricing of the Company’s loan and deposit products as well as its services (including wealth management services), which may result in loss of market share and reduced income from deposits, loans, advisory fees and income from other products;

•failure to identify and complete favorable acquisitions in the future or unexpected losses, difficulties or developments related to the Company’s recent or future acquisitions;

•unexpected difficulties and losses related to FDIC-assisted acquisitions;

•harm to the Company’s reputation;

•any negative perception of the Company’s financial strength;

•ability of the Company to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed;

•disruption in capital markets, which may lower fair values for the Company’s investment portfolio;

•ability of the Company to use technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands and create efficiencies in operations and to manage risks associated therewith;

•failure or breaches of our security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties;

•security breaches, including denial of service attacks, hacking, social engineering attacks, malware intrusion and similar events or data corruption attempts and identity theft;

•adverse effects on our information technology systems, or those of third parties, resulting from failures, human error or cyberattacks (including ransomware);

•adverse effects of failures by our vendors to provide agreed upon services in the manner and at the cost agreed, particularly our information technology vendors;

•increased costs as a result of protecting our customers from the impact of stolen debit card information;

•accuracy and completeness of information the Company receives about customers and counterparties to make credit decisions;

•ability of the Company to attract and retain senior management experienced in the banking and financial services industries, and ability of the Company to effectively manage the transition of the chief executive officer role;

•environmental liability risk associated with lending activities;

•the impact of any claims or legal actions to which the Company is subject, including any effect on our reputation;

•losses incurred in connection with repurchases and indemnification payments related to mortgages and increases in reserves associated therewith;

•the loss of customers as a result of technological changes allowing consumers to complete their financial transactions

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without the use of a bank;

•the soundness of other financial institutions and the impact of recent failures of financial institutions, including broader financial institution liquidity risk and concerns;

•the expenses and delayed returns inherent in opening new branches and de novo banks;

•liabilities, potential customer loss or reputational harm related to closings of existing branches;

•examinations and challenges by tax authorities, and any unanticipated impact of the Tax Act;

•changes in accounting standards, rules and interpretations, and the impact on the Company’s financial statements;

•the ability of the Company to receive dividends from its subsidiaries;

•the impact of the Company’s transition from LIBOR to an alternative benchmark rate for current and future transactions;

•a decrease in the Company’s capital ratios, including as a result of declines in the value of its loan portfolios, or otherwise;

•legislative or regulatory changes, particularly changes in regulation of financial services companies and/or the products and services offered by financial services companies;

•changes in laws, regulations, rules, standards and contractual obligations regarding data privacy and cybersecurity;

•a lowering of our credit rating;

•changes in U.S. monetary policy and changes to the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet, including changes in response to persistent inflation or otherwise;

•regulatory restrictions upon our ability to market our products to consumers and limitations on our ability to profitably operate our mortgage business;

•increased costs of compliance, heightened regulatory capital requirements and other risks associated with changes in regulation and the regulatory environment;

•the impact of heightened capital requirements;

•increases in the Company’s FDIC insurance premiums, or the collection of special assessments by the FDIC;

•delinquencies or fraud with respect to the Company’s premium finance business;

•credit downgrades among commercial and life insurance providers that could negatively affect the value of collateral securing the Company’s premium finance loans;

•the Company’s ability to comply with covenants under its credit facility;

•fluctuations in the stock market, which may have an adverse impact on the Company’s wealth management business and brokerage operation; and

•widespread outages of operational, communication, or other systems, whether internal or provided by third parties, natural or other disasters (including acts of terrorism, armed hostilities and pandemics), and the effects of climate change.

Therefore, there can be no assurances that future actual results will correspond to these forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement made by the Company. Any such statement speaks only as of the date the statement was made or as of such date that may be referenced within the statement. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events after the date of this report. Persons are advised, however, to consult further disclosures management makes on related subjects in its reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in its press releases.

ITEM 3

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As an ongoing part of its financial strategy, the Company attempts to manage the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. This effort entails providing a reasonable balance between interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and maintenance of yield. Asset-liability management policies are established and monitored by management in conjunction with the boards of directors of the banks, subject to general oversight by the Risk Management Committee of the Board of Directors. The policies establish guidelines for acceptable limits on the sensitivity of the market value of assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates.

Interest rate risk arises when the maturity or re-pricing periods and interest rate indices of the interest-earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities, and derivative financial instruments are different. It is the risk that changes in the level of market interest rates will result in disproportionate changes in the value of, and the net earnings generated from, the Company’s interest-earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities and derivative financial instruments. The Company continuously monitors not only the organization’s current net interest margin, but also the historical trends of these margins. In addition, management attempts to identify potential adverse changes in net interest income in future years as a result of interest rate fluctuations by performing simulation analysis of various interest rate environments. If a potential adverse change in net interest margin and/or net income is identified, management would take appropriate actions with its asset-liability structure to mitigate these potentially adverse situations.

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Since the Company’s primary source of interest-bearing liabilities is from customer deposits, the Company’s ability to manage the types and terms of such deposits is somewhat limited by customer preferences and local competition in the market areas in which the banks operate. The rates, terms and interest rate indices of the Company’s interest-earning assets result primarily from the Company’s strategy of investing in loans and securities that permit the Company to limit its exposure to interest rate risk, together with credit risk, while at the same time achieving an acceptable interest rate spread.

The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk is reviewed on a regular basis by management and the Risk Management Committees of the boards of directors of the banks and the Company. The objective of the review is to measure the effect on net income and to adjust balance sheet and derivative financial instruments to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing net interest income.

The following interest rate scenarios display the percentage change in net interest income over a one-year time horizon assuming increases and decreases of 100 and 200 basis points. The Static Shock Scenario results incorporate actual cash flows and repricing characteristics for balance sheet instruments following an instantaneous, parallel change in market rates based upon a static (i.e. no growth or constant) balance sheet. Conversely, the Ramp Scenario results incorporate management’s projections of future volume and pricing of each of the product lines following a gradual, parallel change in market rates over twelve months. Actual results may differ from these simulated results due to timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies. The interest rate sensitivity for both the Static Shock and Ramp Scenarios at September 30, 2024, June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is as follows:

Static Shock Scenarios	+200 Basis Points		+100 Basis Points		-100 Basis Points		-200 Basis Points
September 30, 2024	1.2	%	1.1	%	0.4	%	(0.9)	%
June 30, 2024	1.5		1.0		0.6		(0.0)	%
September 30, 2023	3.3		1.9		(2.0)		(5.2)	%

Ramp Scenarios	+200 Basis Points		+100 Basis Points		-100 Basis Points		-200 Basis Points
September 30, 2024	1.6	%	1.2	%	0.7	%	0.5	%
June 30, 2024	1.2		1.0		0.9		1.0	%
September 30, 2023	1.7		1.2		(0.5)		(2.4)	%

One method utilized by financial institutions, including the Company, to manage interest rate risk is to enter into derivative financial instruments. Derivative financial instruments include interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, floors and collars, futures, forwards, option contracts and other financial instruments with similar characteristics. Additionally, the Company enters into commitments to fund certain mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors. See Note (14) “Derivative Financial Instruments” of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for further information on the Company’s derivative financial instruments.

As shown above, the magnitude of potential changes in net interest income in various interest rate scenarios has continued to remain relatively neutral. Given the recent unprecedented rise in interest rates, the Company has made a conscious effort to reposition its exposure to changing interest rates given the uncertainty of the future interest rate environment. To this end, management has executed various derivative instruments including collars and receive fixed swaps to hedge variable rate loan exposures and originated a higher percentage of its loan originations in longer term fixed rate loans. The Company will continue to monitor current and projected interest rates and expects to execute additional derivatives to mitigate potential fluctuations in net interest margin in future periods.

Periodically, the Company enters into certain covered call option transactions related to certain securities held by the Company. The Company uses these option transactions (rather than entering into other derivative interest rate contracts, such as interest rate floors) to economically hedge positions and compensate for net interest margin compression by increasing the total return associated with the related securities through fees generated from these options. Although the revenue received from these options is recorded as non-interest income rather than interest income, the increased return attributable to the related securities from these options contributes to the Company’s overall profitability. The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk may be impacted by these transactions. To further mitigate this risk, the Company may acquire fixed rate term debt or use financial derivative instruments. There were no covered call options outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. See

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Note (14) “Derivative Financial Instruments” of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for further information on the Company’s fees from covered call options for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

ITEM 4

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management of the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based upon, and as of the date of that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, in ensuring the information relating to the Company (and its consolidated subsidiaries) required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the period that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II —

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

In accordance with applicable accounting principles, the Company establishes an accrued liability for litigation and threatened litigation actions and proceedings when those actions present loss contingencies, which are both probable and estimable. In actions for which a loss is reasonably possible in future periods, the Company determines whether it can estimate a loss or range of possible loss. To determine whether a possible loss is estimable, the Company reviews and evaluates its material litigation on an ongoing basis, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling the matter, in light of potentially relevant factual and legal developments. This review may include information learned through the discovery process, rulings on substantive or dispositive motions, and settlement discussions.

Wintrust Mortgage California PAGA Matter

On May 24, 2022, a former Wintrust Mortgage employee filed a California Private Attorney General Act (“PAGA”) suit, not individually, but as representative of all Wintrust Mortgage’s California hourly employees, against Wintrust Mortgage in the Superior Court of San Diego County, California. Plaintiff alleges Wintrust Mortgage failed to provide: (i) accurate sick leave accrual and pay; (ii) overtime wages; (iii) accurately itemized wage statements; (iv) meal breaks and meal premiums; (v) timely payment of earned wages; (vi) payment of all earned wages; and (vii) payment of all vested vacation hours. Wintrust Mortgage disputes the validity of Plaintiff’s claims and believes, to the extent there were defects in complying with California law governing the payment of compensation to Plaintiff, such errors would have been de minimis. Plaintiff also has an arbitration agreement with a collective and class action waiver and on January 19, 2023, Wintrust Mortgage moved to compel arbitration. The court stayed litigation pending mediation, which was held on May 13, 2024. The parties agreed to settle the dispute for an immaterial amount. On October 16, 2024, the court entered an order approving the settlement.

Wintrust Mortgage Fair Lending Matter

On May 25, 2022, a Wintrust Mortgage customer filed a putative class action and asserted individual claims against Wintrust Mortgage and Wintrust Financial Corporation in the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Plaintiff alleges that Wintrust Mortgage discriminated against black/African American borrowers and brings class claims under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Sections 1981 and 1982 under Chapter 42 of the United States Code; and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. Plaintiff also asserts individual claims under theories of promissory estoppel, fraudulent inducement, and breach of contract. On September 23, 2022, Wintrust filed a motion to dismiss the entire suit and the court granted that motion to dismiss on September 27, 2023 and gave Plaintiff until October 20, 2023 to file an amended complaint. Plaintiff timely filed an amended complaint. Wintrust moved to dismiss the amended complaint on November 21, 2023. Wintrust vigorously disputes these allegations, believing them to be legally and factually meritless, and Wintrust otherwise lacks sufficient information to estimate the amount of any potential liability.

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Wintrust Financial ERISA Matter

On July 29, 2022, a former Wintrust employee filed a class action in the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois asserting claims under the federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) against Wintrust Financial Corporation. Plaintiff alleges Wintrust breached its fiduciary duty in the selection of BlackRock Target Date funds for inclusion in its 401(k) plan, that Wintrust failed to monitor the performance of those funds, and in the alternative, Wintrust should be liable for breach of trust. Plaintiff’s sole basis for the allegations is that BlackRock Target Date funds allegedly performed more poorly than two comparable funds over a three-year period. Wintrust is one of several public companies that were sued on identical grounds within the same week by the same plaintiff’s law firm. On November 8, 2022, Wintrust filed a motion to dismiss the entire complaint. On July 14, 2023, the District Court granted Wintrust’s motion to dismiss and gave Plaintiff until August 2, 2023 to file an amended complaint. Plaintiff timely filed an amended complaint which Wintrust moved to dismiss on September 14, 2023. On August 14, 2024, the district court granted Wintrust’s motion with prejudice. On September 9, 2024, Plaintiff timely appealed to the Seventh Circuit. Plaintiff’s opening brief is due on December 18, 2024 and Wintrust’s response brief is due on January 31, 2025. We continue to believe that plaintiff’s allegations continue to be legally and factually meritless, that the district court correctly dismissed the amended complaint, and otherwise lack sufficient information to estimate the amount of any potential liability.

Other Matters

In addition, the Company and its subsidiaries, from time to time, are subject to pending and threatened legal action and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.

Based on information currently available and upon consultation with counsel, management believes that the eventual outcome of any pending or threatened legal actions and proceedings described above, including our ordinary course litigation, will not have a material adverse effect on the operations or financial condition of the Company. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, if unfavorable, may be material to the results of operations or financial condition for a particular period.

Item 1A: Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the 2023 Form 10-K.

Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

No purchases of the Company’s common shares were made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Item 5: Other Information

Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Officers

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

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Item 6: Exhibits:

(a)Exhibits

10.1	Twelfth Amending Agreement, dated as of August 29, 2024 by and between First Insurance Funding of Canada Inc. and CIBC Mellon Trust Company, in its capacity as trustee of Plaza Trust, by its Financial Service Agent, Royal Bank of Canada (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2024).
10.2	Performance Guarantee Confirmation, dated as of August 29, 2024, confirming the Performance Guarantee dated as of December 16, 2014, by and between the Company and Plaza Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2024).
10.3	Fee Letter dated as of August 29, 2024 by CIBC Mellon Trust Company, in its capacity as trustee of Plaza Trust, by its Financial Service Agent, Royal Bank of Canada and acknowledged by First Insurance Funding of Canada Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2024).
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	The XBRL Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (1)
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

(1)Includes the following financial information included in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Condition, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION (Registrant)
Date:	November 8, 2024	/s/ DAVID L. STOEHR
		David L. Stoehr
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and duly authorized officer)

Date:	November 8, 2024	/s/ JEFFREY D. HAHNFELD
		Jeffrey D. Hahnfeld
		Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer and duly authorized officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Timothy S. Crane, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Wintrust Financial Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounted principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2024

/s/ TIMOTHY S. CRANE

Name:    Timothy S. Crane

Title:      President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, David L. Stoehr, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Wintrust Financial Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounted principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2024

/s/ DAVID L. STOEHR

Name:    David L. Stoehr

Title:      Executive Vice President and
               Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT SECTION 906

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, the undersigned Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Wintrust Financial Corporation (“the Company”) certify, on the basis of such officers’ knowledge and belief that:

(1)The Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 8, 2024 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ TIMOTHY S. CRANE

Name:    Timothy S. Crane

Title:      President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:      November 8, 2024

/s/ DAVID L. STOEHR

Name:    David L. Stoehr

Title:      Executive Vice President and
               Chief Financial Officer

Date:     November 8, 2024

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. This certification accompanies the Report and shall not be treated as having been filed as part of this Report.

XML

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2024
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-35077
Entity Registrant Name	WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORP
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	IL
Entity Tax Identification Number	36-3873352
Entity Address, Address Line One	9700 W. Higgins Road, Suite 800
Entity Address, City or Town	Rosemont
Entity Address, State or Province	IL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	60018
City Area Code	847
Local Phone Number	939-9000
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		66,492,204
Entity Central Index Key	0001015328
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Common Stock, no par value
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, no par value
Trading Symbol	WTFC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D, no par value
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D, no par value
Trading Symbol	WTFCM
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
6.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, no par value
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	6.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, no par value
Trading Symbol	WTFCP
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 725,465	$ 423,404	$ 418,088
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	5,663	60	60
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	3,648,117	2,084,323	2,448,570
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	3,912,232	3,502,915	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of $479, $347 and $381 at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively ($3.1 billion, $3.2 billion and $3.1 billion fair value at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively)	3,677,420	3,856,916	3,909,150
Trading account securities	3,472	4,707	1,663
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310	139,268	134,310
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock	266,908	205,003	204,040
Brokerage customer receivables	16,662	10,592	14,042
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	461,067	292,722	304,808
Loans, net of unearned income	47,067,447	42,131,831	41,446,032
Allowance for loan losses	(435,714)	(427,265)	(399,150)
Premises, software and equipment, net	772,002	748,966	747,501
Lease investments, net	270,171	281,280	275,152
Accrued interest receivable and other assets	1,721,090	1,551,899	1,674,681
Trade date securities receivable	551,031	690,722	0
Goodwill	800,780	656,672	656,109
Other acquisition-related intangible assets	123,866	22,889	24,244
Total assets	63,788,424	56,259,934	55,555,246
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing	10,739,132	10,420,401	10,347,006
Interest-bearing	40,665,834	34,976,769	34,645,680
Total deposits	51,404,966	45,397,170	44,992,686
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	3,171,309	2,326,071	2,326,071
Other borrowings	647,043	645,813	643,999
Subordinated notes	298,188	437,866	437,731
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566	253,566	253,566
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	1,613,638	1,799,922	1,885,580
Total liabilities	57,388,710	50,860,408	50,539,633
Shareholders’ Equity:
Common stock, no par value; $1.00 stated value; 100,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023;66,546,351 shares issued at September 30, 2024, 61,268,566 shares issued at December 31, 2023 and 61,243,622 shares issued at September 30, 2023	66,546	61,269	61,244
Surplus	2,470,228	1,943,806	1,933,226
Treasury stock, at cost, $64,808 shares at September 30, 2024, 24,940 shares at December 31, 2023, and 21,564 shares at September 30, 2023	(6,098)	(2,217)	(1,966)
Retained earnings	3,748,715	3,345,399	3,253,332
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(292,177)	(361,231)	(642,723)
Total shareholders’ equity	6,399,714	5,399,526	5,015,613
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	63,788,424	56,259,934	55,555,246
Series D - $25 liquidation value; 5,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023
Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized:	125,000	125,000	125,000
Series E - $25,000 liquidation value; 11,500 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023
Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized:	287,500	287,500	287,500
Loans
Assets
Loans, net of unearned income	47,067,447	42,131,831	41,446,032
Allowance for loan losses	(360,279)	(344,235)	(315,039)
Net loans	$ 46,707,168	$ 41,787,596	$ 41,130,993

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Held-to-maturity securities, allowance for credit loss	$ 479	$ 347	$ 381
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value	$ 3,121,820	$ 3,215,468	$ 3,057,959
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, stated value (usd per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	66,546,351	61,268,566	61,243,622
Treasury stock (in shares)	64,808	24,940	21,564
Series D Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, liquidation value per share (usd per share)	$ 25	$ 25	$ 25
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000	5,000,000
Series E Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, liquidation value per share (usd per share)	$ 25,000	$ 25,000	$ 25,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	11,500	11,500	11,500
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	11,500	11,500	11,500

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$ 794,163	$ 666,260	$ 2,254,316	$ 1,846,009
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	6,233	4,767	15,813	12,473
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	32,608	26,866	68,997	57,216
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	277	1,157	313	1,228
Investment securities	69,592	59,164	209,049	170,350
Trading account securities	11	6	42	26
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock	5,451	3,896	14,903	11,120
Brokerage customer receivables	269	284	663	844
Total interest income	908,604	762,400	2,564,096	2,099,266
Interest expense
Interest on deposits	362,019	262,783	997,254	621,080
Interest on Federal Home Loan Bank advances	26,254	17,436	73,099	53,970
Interest on other borrowings	9,013	9,384	26,961	25,723
Interest on subordinated notes	3,712	5,491	14,384	16,502
Interest on junior subordinated debentures	5,023	4,948	15,011	14,101
Total interest expense	406,021	300,042	1,126,709	731,376
Net interest income	502,583	462,358	1,437,387	1,367,890
Provision for credit losses	22,334	19,923	84,068	71,482
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	480,249	442,435	1,353,319	1,296,408
Non-interest income
Wealth management	37,224	33,529	107,452	97,332
Mortgage banking	15,974	27,395	72,761	75,640
Service charges on deposit accounts	16,430	14,217	46,787	40,728
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	3,189	(2,357)	233	(959)
Fees from covered call options	988	4,215	7,891	17,184
Trading (losses) gains, net	(130)	728	617	1,647
Operating lease income, net	15,335	13,863	43,383	39,136
Other	24,137	20,888	95,750	62,569
Total non-interest income	113,147	112,478	374,874	333,277
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	211,261	192,338	604,975	554,042
Software and equipment	31,574	25,951	88,536	76,853
Operating lease equipment	10,518	12,020	32,035	31,669
Occupancy, net	19,945	21,304	58,616	58,966
Data processing	9,984	10,773	28,779	29,908
Advertising and marketing	18,239	18,169	48,715	47,909
Professional fees	9,783	8,887	29,303	25,990
Amortization of other acquisition-related intangible assets	4,042	1,408	6,322	4,142
FDIC insurance	10,512	9,748	35,478	27,425
Other real estate owned expense, net	(938)	120	(805)	31
Other	35,767	29,337	102,231	92,912
Total non-interest expense	360,687	330,055	1,034,185	949,847
Income before taxes	232,709	224,858	694,008	679,838
Income tax expense	62,708	60,660	184,325	180,692
Net income	170,001	164,198	509,683	499,146
Preferred stock dividends	6,991	6,991	20,973	20,973
Net income applicable to common shares	$ 163,010	$ 157,207	$ 488,710	$ 478,173
Net income per common share-Basic (usd per share)	$ 2.51	$ 2.57	$ 7.79	$ 7.82
Net income per common share-Diluted (usd per share)	2.47	2.53	7.67	7.71
Cash dividends declared per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.45	$ 0.40	$ 1.35	$ 1.20
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	64,888	61,213	62,743	61,119
Dilutive potential common shares (in shares)	1,053	964	934	888
Average common shares and dilutive common shares (in shares)	65,941	62,177	63,677	62,007

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 170,001	$ 164,198	$ 509,683	$ 499,146
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities
Before tax	168,166	(178,080)	69,510	(177,271)
Tax effect	(43,688)	47,458	(17,594)	47,243
Net of tax	124,478	(130,622)	51,916	(130,028)
Reclassification of net gains on available-for-sale securities included in net income
Before tax	45	158	1,223	720
Tax effect	(6)	(40)	(318)	(192)
Net of tax	39	118	905	528
Reclassification of amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale
Before tax	14	31	78	102
Tax effect	(4)	(8)	(21)	(27)
Net of tax	10	23	57	75
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	124,429	(130,763)	50,954	(130,631)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
Before tax	124,848	(43,082)	31,914	(114,847)
Tax effect	(32,460)	11,482	(7,879)	30,607
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments	92,388	(31,600)	24,035	(84,240)
Foreign currency adjustment
Before tax	3,884	(8,359)	(7,323)	(942)
Tax effect	(680)	2,089	1,388	726
Net foreign currency adjustment	3,204	(6,270)	(5,935)	(216)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	220,021	(168,633)	69,054	(215,087)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 390,022	$ (4,435)	$ 578,737	$ 284,059

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Preferred stock	Common stock	Surplus	Treasury stock	Retained earnings	Retained earnings Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 4,796,838	$ (544)	$ 412,500	$ 60,797	$ 1,902,474	$ (304)	$ 2,849,007	$ (544)	$ (427,636)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	499,146						499,146
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(215,087)								(215,087)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(73,304)						(73,304)
Dividends on Series D and E preferred stock	(20,973)						(20,973)
Stock-based compensation	24,532				24,532
Common stock issued for:
Exercise of stock options	2,216			54	2,162
Restricted stock awards	(1,662)			296	(296)	(1,662)
Employee stock purchase plan	2,418			34	2,384
Director compensation plan	2,033			63	1,970
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	5,015,613		412,500	61,244	1,933,226	(1,966)	3,253,332		(642,723)
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	5,041,912		412,500	61,219	1,923,623	(1,966)	3,120,626		(474,090)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	164,198						164,198
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(168,633)								(168,633)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(24,501)						(24,501)
Dividends on Series D and E preferred stock	(6,991)						(6,991)
Stock-based compensation	8,130				8,130
Common stock issued for:
Restricted stock awards	0			13	(13)
Employee stock purchase plan	816			12	804
Director compensation plan	682				682
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	5,015,613		412,500	61,244	1,933,226	(1,966)	3,253,332		(642,723)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	5,399,526		412,500	61,269	1,943,806	(2,217)	3,345,399		(361,231)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	509,683						509,683
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	69,054								69,054
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(85,394)						(85,394)
Dividends on Series D and E preferred stock	(20,973)						(20,973)
Stock-based compensation	27,568				27,568
Common stock issued for:
Acquisition of Macatawa Bank Corporation	499,239			4,702	494,537
Exercise of stock options	25			1	24
Restricted stock awards	(3,877)			533	(529)	(3,881)
Employee stock purchase plan	2,440			26	2,414
Director compensation plan	2,423			15	2,408
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	6,399,714		412,500	66,546	2,470,228	(6,098)	3,748,715		(292,177)
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2024	5,536,628		412,500	61,825	1,964,645	(5,760)	3,615,616		(512,198)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	170,001						170,001
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	220,021								220,021
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(29,911)						(29,911)
Dividends on Series D and E preferred stock	(6,991)						(6,991)
Stock-based compensation	9,461				9,461
Common stock issued for:
Acquisition of Macatawa Bank Corporation	499,239			4,702	494,537
Restricted stock awards	(338)			10	(10)	(338)
Employee stock purchase plan	797			9	788
Director compensation plan	807				807
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 6,399,714		$ 412,500	$ 66,546	$ 2,470,228	$ (6,098)	$ 3,748,715		$ (292,177)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash dividends declared on common stock (usd per share)	$ 0.45	$ 0.40	$ 1.35	$ 1.20
Series D Preferred Stock
Dividends on preferred stock (usd per share)	0.41	0.41	1.23	1.23
Series E Preferred Stock
Dividends on preferred stock (usd per share)	$ 429.69	$ 429.69	$ 1,289.07	$ 1,289.07

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 509,683	$ 499,146
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Provision for credit losses	84,068	71,482
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net	70,884	62,591
Stock-based compensation expense	27,568	24,532
(Accretion) amortization of discount/premium on securities, net	(1,380)	1,201
Accretion of discount and deferred fees on loans, net	(11,876)	(13,105)
Mortgage servicing rights fair value changes	26,106	13,065
Non-designated derivatives fair value changes, net	54,507	(271)
Originations and purchases of mortgage loans held-for-sale	(1,964,576)	(1,532,325)
Early buy-out exercises of mortgage loans held-for-sale guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, net of subsequent paydowns or payoffs	(22,558)	9,323
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held-for-sale	1,824,513	1,500,870
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) gains	(4,519)	(2,849)
Decrease (increase) in trading securities, net	1,235	(536)
(Increase) decrease in brokerage customer receivables, net	(6,070)	2,345
Gains on mortgage loans sold	(47,978)	(27,777)
Gains on premium financing receivables sold	(4,575)	(890)
(Gains) losses on investment securities, net	(233)	959
(Gains) losses on sales of premises and equipment, net	(93)	1,547
(Gains) losses on sales and fair value adjustments of other real estate owned, net	(1,234)	121
Increase in accrued interest receivable and other assets, net	(46,711)	(269,677)
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities, net	(256,022)	156,697
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	230,739	496,449
Investing Activities:
Proceeds from calls and sales of available-for-sale securities	1,218,695	1,879,682
Proceeds from payments and maturities of available-for-sale securities	360,773	227,519
Proceeds from payments, maturities and calls of held-to-maturity securities	178,553	138,154
Proceeds from sales of equity securities with readily determinable fair value	51,792	23,592
Proceeds from sales and capital distributions of equity securities without readily determinable fair value	2,226	67
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(1,116,875)	(1,731,266)
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities	0	(407,527)
Purchases of equity securities with readily determinable fair value	(33,322)	(45,954)
Purchases of equity securities without readily determinable fair value	(6,933)	(9,350)
(Purchases) redemptions of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, net	(61,905)	20,719
Distributions from investments in partnerships, net	2,586	5,540
Net cash received (paid) in business combinations	531,308	(5,147)
Proceeds from sales of premium financing receivables, net	627,450	405,560
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	11,481	1,635
Increase in interest-bearing deposits with banks, net	(1,566,241)	(458,115)
Increase in loans, net	(4,361,365)	(2,644,535)
Redemption of BOLI	304	553
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(66,457)	(29,218)
Net Cash Used for Investing Activities	(4,227,930)	(2,628,091)
Financing Activities:
Increase in deposit accounts, net	3,697,621	2,090,137
Increase in other borrowings, net	7,352	48,016
Increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances, net	845,238	10,000
Cash payments to settle contingent consideration liabilities recognized in business combinations	0	(57)
Repayment of subordinated notes	(140,000)	0
Issuance of common shares resulting from the exercise of stock options, employee stock purchase plan and director compensation plan	4,892	6,667
Common stock repurchases for tax withholdings related to stock-based compensation	(3,881)	(1,662)
Dividends paid	(106,367)	(94,277)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	4,304,855	2,058,824
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents	307,664	(72,818)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	423,464	490,966
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$ 731,128	$ 418,148

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The interim consolidated financial statements of Wintrust Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Wintrust” or the “Company”) presented herein are unaudited, but in the opinion of management, reflect all necessary adjustments of a normal or recurring nature for a fair presentation of results as of the dates and for the periods covered by the interim consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited and do not include information or footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”). Operating results reported for the period are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire year. Reclassifications of certain prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Management believes that the estimates made are reasonable; however, changes in estimates may be required if economic or other conditions develop differently from management’s expectations. Certain policies and accounting principles inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. Management views critical accounting policies to be those which are highly dependent on subjective or complex judgments, estimates and assumptions, and where changes in those estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the financial statements. Management currently views the determination of the allowance for credit losses, including the allowance for loan losses, the allowance for unfunded commitment losses and the allowance for held-to-maturity securities losses, estimations of fair value, the valuations required for impairment testing of goodwill, the valuation and accounting for derivative instruments and income taxes as the accounting areas that require the most subjective and complex judgments, and as such could be the most subject to revision as new information becomes available. Descriptions of the Company’s significant accounting policies are included in Note (1) “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2023 Form 10-K. In preparation of these financial statements, subsequent events were evaluated through the time the financial statements were issued. Financial statements are considered issued when they are widely distributed to all shareholders and other financial statement users or filed with the SEC.

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Recent Accounting Developments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Developments

Recent Accounting Developments

Equity Method and Joint Ventures - Investments in Tax Credit Structures

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method,” which allows reporting entities the option to apply the proportional amortization method to other tax credit programs besides the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit structures. The guidance requires application of the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than electing the method at the reporting level entity level. The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-02 as of January 1, 2024. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Segment Reporting

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” to enhance public entity disclosures regarding significant segment expenses which are regularly reported to an entity’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) and included in a segment’s reported profit or loss. This ASU requires disclosure of the amount and composition of “other segment items,” the title and position of the CODM, and how the CODM uses reported measures of profit or loss to assess segment performance. Further, the guidance requires certain segment disclosures previously provided only annually, on an interim basis. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This ASU requires annually that all entities disclose increasingly disaggregated information on amount of income taxes paid. Further, this ASU requires annually that all public entities must disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a specific quantitative threshold. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and is to be applied either on a prospective basis or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Compensation – Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-01, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards” which clarifies the guidance by providing an illustrative example to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance in Topic 718 when determining whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718. For public business entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein, and is to be applied either on a prospective basis or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

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Business Combinations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

Business Combinations

Business Combinations

On August 1, 2024, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition of Macatawa Bank Corporation (“Macatawa”), the parent company of Macatawa Bank. Pursuant to the terms of the merger, each common share of Macatawa outstanding at the time of merger was converted into the right to receive 0.137 shares of Wintrust common stock, with cash paid in lieu of fractional shares. As a result, the Company issued approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock, the fair value of consideration paid was $499.3 million. Macatawa operates 26 full-service branches located throughout communities in Kent, Ottawa and northern Allegan counties in the state of Michigan. Macatawa offers a full range of banking, retail and commercial lending, wealth management and ecommerce services to individuals, businesses and governmental entities. As of August 1, 2024, Macatawa had approximately $2.7 billion in assets, $2.3 billion in deposits and $1.3 billion in loans. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company recorded $53.7 million discount on acquired loans, $33.5 million discount on securities and recorded total intangibles of $251.9 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred $1.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively, in acquisition expenses related to the acquisition of Macatawa. The initial purchase accounting for the acquisition, in accordance with GAAP, for this business combination is not finalized and is therefore subject to change.

On April 3, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of Rothschild & Co Asset Management US Inc. and Rothschild & Co Risk Based Investments LLC from Rothschild & Co North America Inc. As of the acquisition date, the Company acquired approximately $12.6 million in net assets. As the transaction was determined to be a business combination, the Company recorded goodwill of approximately $2.6 million on the purchase.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Company considers cash and cash equivalents to include cash on hand, cash items in the process of collection, non-interest bearing amounts due from correspondent banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of three months or less. These items are included within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as cash and due from banks, and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.

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Investment Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

The following tables are a summary of the investment securities portfolios as of the dates shown:

	September 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	98,151	$	172	$	—	$	98,323
U.S. government agencies	50,000		—		(2,346)		47,654
Municipal	201,701		1,392		(2,881)		200,212
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	83,997		—		(4,880)		79,117
Other	1,000		—		—		1,000
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	3,694,382		8,143		(394,844)		3,307,681
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	19,088		308		(255)		19,141
Collateralized mortgage obligations	172,524		1,537		(14,957)		159,104
Total available-for-sale securities	$	4,320,843	$	11,552	$	(420,163)	$	3,912,232
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. government agencies	$	314,578	$	—	$	(56,198)	$	258,380
Municipal	165,141		488		(2,910)		162,719
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,915,018		5,541		(485,115)		2,435,444
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	6,379		40		(126)		6,293
Collateralized mortgage obligations	219,758		1,457		(17,303)		203,912
Corporate notes	57,025		—		(1,953)		55,072
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,677,899	$	7,526	$	(563,605)	$	3,121,820
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(479)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,677,420
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	127,700	$	4,313	$	(6,703)	$	125,310

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	6,960	$	8	$	—	$	6,968
U.S. government agencies	50,000		—		(4,876)		45,124
Municipal	144,299		657		(3,998)		140,958
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	83,996		—		(8,456)		75,540
Other	1,000		—		(9)		991
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential Mortgage-backed securities	3,505,012		1,392		(446,784)		3,059,620
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	13,201		68		(289)		12,980
Collateralized mortgage obligations	175,346		1,400		(16,012)		160,734
Total available-for-sale securities	$	3,979,814	$	3,525	$	(480,424)	$	3,502,915
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. government agencies	$	336,468	$	—	$	(67,058)	$	269,410
Municipal	172,933		565		(3,778)		169,720
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential Mortgage-backed securities	3,042,828		1,922		(549,265)		2,495,485
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	6,415		—		(184)		6,231
Collateralized mortgage obligations	241,075		978		(21,502)		220,551
Corporate notes	57,544		7		(3,480)		54,071
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,857,263	$	3,472	$	(645,267)	$	3,215,468
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(347)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,856,916
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	143,312	$	3,500	$	(7,544)	$	139,268

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	4,930	$	1	$	—	$	4,931
U.S. government agencies	80,000		—		(7,570)		72,430
Municipal	177,208		49		(8,734)		168,523
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	83,995		—		(8,368)		75,627
Other	1,000		—		(21)		979
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Mortgage-backed securities	3,862,871		—		(656,135)		3,206,736
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	13,179		—		(802)		12,377
Collateralized mortgage obligations	92,540		—		(22,308)		70,232
Total available-for-sale securities	$	4,315,723	$	50	$	(703,938)	$	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. government agencies	$	339,598	$	—	$	(87,897)	$	251,701
Municipal	176,262		123		(11,230)		165,155
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Mortgage-backed securities	3,082,314		—		(717,444)		2,364,870
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	6,425		—		(477)		5,948
Collateralized mortgage obligations	247,215		—		(29,798)		217,417
Corporate notes	57,717		—		(4,849)		52,868
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,909,531	$	123	$	(851,695)	$	3,057,959
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(381)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,909,150
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	140,749	$	3,290	$	(9,729)	$	134,310

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values totaled $64.1 million as of September 30, 2024. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are included as part of accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition. The Company monitors its equity investments without readily determinable fair values to identify potential transactions that may indicate an observable price change in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, requiring adjustment to its carrying amount. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the Company recorded no upward or downward adjustments related to such observable price changes. The Company conducts a quarterly assessment of its equity securities without readily determinable fair values to determine whether impairment exists in such securities, considering, among other factors, the nature of the securities, financial condition of the issuer and expected future cash flows. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded no impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded $3.7 million of impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $489,000 impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values.

The following table presents the portion of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities portfolios that have gross unrealized losses, reflecting the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024:

	Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months				Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	—		—		47,654		(2,346)		47,654		(2,346)
Municipal	10,111		(54)		68,124		(2,827)		78,235		(2,881)
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	—		—		79,117		(4,880)		79,117		(4,880)
Other	—		—		1,000		—		1,000		—
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	98,365		(1,252)		2,292,584		(393,592)		2,390,949		(394,844)
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	2,999		(20)		3,295		(235)		6,294		(255)
Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		71,277		(14,957)		71,277		(14,957)
Total available-for-sale securities	$	111,475	$	(1,326)	$	2,563,051	$	(418,837)	$	2,674,526	$	(420,163)

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

The Company conducts a regular assessment of its investment securities to determine whether securities are experiencing credit losses. Factors for consideration include the nature of the securities, credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer, the extent of the unrealized loss, expected cash flows, market conditions and the Company’s ability to hold the securities through the anticipated recovery period.

The Company does not consider available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses at September 30, 2024 to be experiencing credit losses and recognized no resulting allowance for credit losses for such individually assessed credit losses. The Company does not intend to sell these investments and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these investments before recovery of the amortized cost bases, which may be the maturity dates of the securities. The unrealized losses within each category have occurred as a result of changes in interest rates, market spreads and market conditions subsequent to purchase. Available-for-sale securities with continuous unrealized losses existing for more than twelve months at September 30, 2024 were primarily mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses due to increased market rates during such period.

See Note (7) “Allowance for Credit Losses” in Item 1 of this report for further discussion regarding any credit losses associated with held-to-maturity securities at September 30, 2024.

The following table provides information as to the amount of gross gains and losses, adjustments and impairment on investment securities recognized in earnings and proceeds received through the sale or call of investment securities:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Realized gains on investment securities	$	222	$	225	$	2,582	$	836
Realized losses on investment securities	(144)		(9)		(273)		(60)
Net realized gains on investment securities	78		216		2,309		776
Unrealized gains on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	3,126		10		4,234		2,984
Unrealized losses on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	(15)		(2,094)		(2,579)		(4,230)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	3,111		(2,084)		1,655		(1,246)
Impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	—		(489)		(3,731)		(489)
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	$	3,189	$	(2,357)	$	233	$	(959)

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown in the following table. Contractual maturities may differ from actual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary as actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the underlying mortgages may be called or prepaid without penalties:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023				September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
Due in one year or less	$	150,539	$	150,627	$	53,162	$	52,945	$	99,892	$	99,525
Due in one to five years	168,856		164,650		132,348		123,985		139,623		130,036
Due in five to ten years	91,620		89,220		82,040		76,869		43,199		38,074
Due after ten years	23,834		21,809		18,705		15,782		64,419		54,855
Mortgage-backed	3,885,994		3,485,926		3,693,559		3,233,334		3,968,590		3,289,345
Total available-for-sale securities	$	4,320,843	$	3,912,232	$	3,979,814	$	3,502,915	$	4,315,723	$	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities
Due in one year or less	$	12,026	$	11,883	$	5,169	$	5,142	$	2,248	$	2,241
Due in one to five years	110,330		108,416		109,602		105,835		103,104		96,546
Due in five to ten years	84,580		83,918		99,700		98,718		106,042		100,215
Due after ten years	329,808		271,954		352,474		283,506		362,183		270,722
Mortgage-backed	3,141,155		2,645,649		3,290,318		2,722,267		3,335,954		2,588,235
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,677,899	$	3,121,820	$	3,857,263	$	3,215,468	$	3,909,531	$	3,057,959
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(479)				(347)				(381)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,677,420			$	3,856,916			$	3,909,150

Securities having a carrying value of $7.2 billion at September 30, 2024 as well as securities having a carrying value of $6.9 billion and $7.1 billion at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, were pledged as collateral for public deposits, trust deposits, Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances and available lines of credit, securities sold under repurchase agreements and derivatives. At September 30, 2024, there were no securities of a single issuer, other than U.S. government-sponsored agency securities, which exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity.

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Loans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans

Loans

The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio by category as of the dates shown:

	September 30,			December 31,			September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2023
Balance:
Commercial	$	15,247,693		$	12,832,053		$	12,725,473
Commercial real estate	12,793,417			11,344,164			10,946,180
Home equity	427,043			343,976			343,258
Residential real estate	3,388,038			2,769,666			2,707,603
Premium finance receivables—property & casualty	7,131,681			6,903,529			6,722,747
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	7,996,899			7,877,943			7,931,808
Consumer and other	82,676			60,500			68,963
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	47,067,447		$	42,131,831		$	41,446,032
Mix:
Commercial	33		%	30		%	31		%
Commercial real estate	27			27			26
Home equity	1			1			1
Residential real estate	7			7			7
Premium finance receivables—property & casualty	15			16			16
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	17			19			19
Consumer and other	0			0			0
Total loans, net of unearned income	100		%	100		%	100		%

The Company’s loan portfolio is generally comprised of loans to consumers and small to medium-sized businesses, which, for the commercial and commercial real estate portfolios, are located primarily within the geographic market areas that the banks serve. Various niche lending businesses, including franchise lending and insurance agency lending, operate on a national level. The premium finance receivables portfolios are made to customers throughout the United States and Canada. The Company strives to maintain a loan portfolio that is diverse in terms of loan type, industry, borrower, and geographic concentrations. Such diversification reduces the exposure to economic downturns that may occur in different segments of the economy or in different industries.

Certain premium finance receivables are recorded net of unearned income. The unearned income portions of such premium finance receivables were $266.1 million at September 30, 2024, $285.4 million at December 31, 2023 and $264.5 million at September 30, 2023.

Total loans, excluding purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans, include net deferred loan fees and costs and fair value purchase accounting adjustments totaling $79.4 million at September 30, 2024, $84.2 million at December 31, 2023 and $67.6 million at September 30, 2023.

It is the policy of the Company to review each prospective credit in order to determine the appropriateness and, when required, the adequacy of security or collateral necessary to obtain when making a loan. The type of collateral, when required, will vary from liquid assets to real estate. The Company seeks to ensure access to collateral, in the event of default, through adherence to state lending laws and the Company’s credit monitoring procedures.

Acquired Loan Information — PCD Loans

As part of the Company’s prior acquisitions, the Company acquired loans that were classified as PCD based upon various factors as of the acquisition date, including internal risk rating methodologies and prior performance under the acquiree. The following table provides estimated details as of the date of acquisition on PCD loans acquired in 2024:

(In thousands)	Macatawa
Contractually required payments (unpaid principal balance)	$	169,472
Allowance for credit losses	(3,004)
Discount, net of any premium	(4,529)
Purchase price of PCD loans acquired	$	161,939

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Allowance for Credit Losses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326, the Company is required to measure the allowance for credit losses of financial assets with similar risk characteristics on a collective or pooled basis. In considering the segmentation of financial assets measured at amortized cost into pools, the Company considered various risk characteristics in its analysis. Generally, the segmentation utilized represents the level at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses for the financial assets held at amortized cost, specifically the Company's loan portfolio and debt securities classified as held-to-maturity. Descriptions of the Company’s loan portfolio segments and major debt security types are included in Note (5) “Allowance for Credit Losses” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

In accordance with ASC 326, the Company elected to not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest. As such accrued interest is written off in a timely manner when deemed uncollectible. Any such write-off of accrued interest will reverse previously recognized interest income. In addition, the Company elected to not include accrued interest within presentation and disclosures of the carrying amount of financial assets held at amortized cost. This election is applicable to the various disclosures included within the Company's financial statements. Accrued interest related to financial assets held at amortized cost is included within accrued interest receivable and other assets within the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition and totaled $351.5 million at September 30, 2024, $304.5 million at December 31, 2023, and $290.9 million at September 30, 2023.

The tables below show the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio by the segmentation noted above at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

As of September 30, 2024			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	63,826	$	20	$	32,560	$	46,057	$	15,105,230	$	15,247,693
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	2,284		—		757		1,798		2,398,851		2,403,690
Non-construction	39,787		225		12,682		46,548		10,290,485		10,389,727
Home equity	1,122		—		1,035		2,580		422,306		427,043
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	17,959		—		6,364		2,160		3,226,166		3,252,649
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	36,079		18,235		18,740		30,204		7,028,423		7,131,681
Life insurance loans	—		—		10,902		74,432		7,911,565		7,996,899
Consumer and other	2		148		22		264		82,240		82,676
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	161,059	$	18,628	$	83,062	$	204,043	$	46,465,266	$	46,932,058
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	—		43,358		150		—		91,881		135,389
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	161,059	$	61,986	$	83,212	$	204,043	$	46,557,147	$	47,067,447

As of December 31, 2023			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	38,940	$	98	$	19,488	$	85,743	$	12,687,784	$	12,832,053
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	2,205		—		251		1,343		2,080,242		2,084,041
Non-construction	33,254		—		8,264		19,291		9,199,314		9,260,123
Home equity	1,341		—		62		2,263		340,310		343,976
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	15,391		—		2,325		22,942		2,578,425		2,619,083
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	27,590		20,135		23,236		50,437		6,782,131		6,903,529
Life insurance loans	—		—		16,206		45,464		7,816,273		7,877,943
Consumer and other	22		54		25		165		60,234		60,500
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	118,743	$	20,287	$	69,857	$	227,648	$	41,544,713	$	41,981,248
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	—		57,688		250		328		92,317		150,583
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	118,743	$	77,975	$	70,107	$	227,976	$	41,637,030	$	42,131,831

(1)Early buy-out loans are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, subject to indemnifications and insurance limits for certain loans.

As of September 30, 2023			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	43,569	$	200	$	22,889	$	35,681	$	12,623,134	$	12,725,473
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	8,384		—		2,438		31,292		1,851,659		1,893,773
Non-construction	8,659		1,092		4,957		29,692		9,008,007		9,052,407
Home equity	1,363		—		219		1,668		340,008		343,258
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	16,103		—		1,145		904		2,520,478		2,538,630
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	26,756		16,253		16,552		31,919		6,631,267		6,722,747
Life insurance loans	—		10,679		41,894		14,972		7,864,263		7,931,808
Consumer and other	16		27		196		519		68,205		68,963
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	104,850	$	28,251	$	90,290	$	146,647	$	40,907,021	$	41,277,059
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	117		57,558		2,116		—		109,182		168,973
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	104,967	$	85,809	$	92,406	$	146,647	$	41,016,203	$	41,446,032

(1)Early buy-out loans are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, subject to indemnifications and insurance limits for certain loans.

Credit Quality Indicators

Credit quality indicators, specifically the Company's internal risk rating systems, reflect how the Company monitors credit losses and represents factors used by the Company when measuring the allowance for credit losses. Descriptions of the Company’s credit quality indicators by financial asset are included in Note (5) “Allowance for Credit Losses” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

The table below shows the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and year of origination at September 30, 2024:

	Year of Origination														Revolving		Total
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving		to Term		Loans
Loan Balances:
Commercial, industrial and other
Pass	$	2,460,772	$	2,366,998	$	1,841,838	$	1,219,759	$	463,726	$	1,115,942	$	5,053,494	$	13,568	$	14,536,097
Special mention	6,148		68,788		72,908		80,229		13,257		17,456		164,169		1,474		424,429
Substandard accrual	3,789		47,800		42,374		29,408		7,256		13,029		79,030		655		223,341
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	500		5,536		6,980		9,331		1,084		8,547		31,619		229		63,826
Total commercial, industrial and other	$	2,471,209	$	2,489,122	$	1,964,100	$	1,338,727	$	485,323	$	1,154,974	$	5,328,312	$	15,926	$	15,247,693
Construction and development
Pass	$	196,556	$	573,342	$	965,654	$	289,324	$	95,193	$	149,561	$	17,560	$	—	$	2,287,190

Special mention	—		417		14,990		—		—		14,794		3,780		—		33,981
Substandard accrual	—		757		18,999		1,102		1,777		57,600		—		—		80,235
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		251		—		—		2,033		—		—		—		2,284
Total construction and development	$	196,556	$	574,767	$	999,643	$	290,426	$	99,003	$	221,955	$	21,340	$	—	$	2,403,690
Non-construction
Pass	$	1,078,671	$	1,527,560	$	1,934,856	$	1,460,051	$	933,785	$	2,929,344	$	217,237	$	2,144	$	10,083,648
Special mention	3,613		13,006		29,415		35,222		5,298		51,144		1,688		—		139,386
Substandard accrual	158		3,876		14,103		31,573		29,718		47,478		—		—		126,906
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		1,173		453		586		—		37,575		—		—		39,787
Total non-construction	$	1,082,442	$	1,545,615	$	1,978,827	$	1,527,432	$	968,801	$	3,065,541	$	218,925	$	2,144	$	10,389,727
Home equity
Pass	$	70	$	—	$	45	$	175	$	—	$	6,771	$	398,843	$	4,608	$	410,512
Special mention	—		48		220		59		119		2,871		6,172		454		9,943
Substandard accrual	—		16		—		—		57		4,836		541		16		5,466
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		497		135		—		402		—		88		1,122
Total home equity	$	70	$	64	$	762	$	369	$	176	$	14,880	$	405,556	$	5,166	$	427,043
Residential real estate
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	4,594	$	3,743	$	3,759	$	5,206	$	118,087	$	—	$	—	$	135,389
Pass	584,491		535,419		834,543		774,793		211,510		258,425		—		—		3,199,181
Special mention	250		2,846		9,093		2,063		577		9,928		—		—		24,757
Substandard accrual	24		585		3,401		906		1,122		4,714		—		—		10,752
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	160		1,073		4,436		4,624		1,227		6,439		—		—		17,959
Total residential real estate	$	584,925	$	544,517	$	855,216	$	786,145	$	219,642	$	397,593	$	—	$	—	$	3,388,038
Premium finance receivables - property and casualty
Pass	$	6,827,867	$	169,649	$	—	$	6,351	$	71	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,003,938
Special mention	85,094		3,442		64		2		—		—		—		—		88,602
Substandard accrual	1,749		1,308		1		4		—		—		—		—		3,062
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	18,543		17,249		274		12		1		—		—		—		36,079
Total premium finance receivables - property and casualty	$	6,933,253	$	191,648	$	339	$	6,369	$	72	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,131,681
Premium finance receivables - life
Pass	$	1,232,306	$	6,740,906	$	3,929	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,977,141
Special mention	—		8,188		—		—		—		—		—		—		8,188
Substandard accrual	7,514		4,056		—		—		—		—		—		—		11,570
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total premium finance receivables - life	$	1,239,820	$	6,753,150	$	3,929	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,996,899
Consumer and other
Pass	$	3,319	$	3,545	$	839	$	983	$	88	$	16,145	$	57,448	$	—	$	82,367
Special mention	17		9		8		5		—		136		6		—		181
Substandard accrual	—		4		87		—		—		26		9		—		126
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		1		1		—		—		—		—		2
Total consumer and other	$	3,336	$	3,558	$	935	$	989	$	88	$	16,307	$	57,463	$	—	$	82,676
Total loans
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	4,594	$	3,743	$	3,759	$	5,206	$	118,087	$	—	$	—	$	135,389
Pass	12,384,052		11,917,419		5,581,704		3,751,436		1,704,373		4,476,188		5,744,582		20,320		45,580,074
Special mention	95,122		96,744		126,698		117,580		19,251		96,329		175,815		1,928		729,467
Substandard accrual	13,234		58,402		78,965		62,993		39,930		127,683		79,580		671		461,458
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	19,203		25,282		12,641		14,689		4,345		52,963		31,619		317		161,059
Total loans	$	12,511,611	$	12,102,441	$	5,803,751	$	3,950,457	$	1,773,105	$	4,871,250	$	6,031,596	$	23,236	$	47,067,447
Gross write offs
Nine months ended September 30, 2024	8,223		30,985		5,797		20,094		2,206		22,310		—		—		89,615

Held-to-maturity debt securities

The Company conducts an assessment of its investment securities, including those classified as held-to-maturity, at the time of purchase and on at least an annual basis to ensure such investment securities remain within appropriate levels of risk and continue to perform satisfactorily in fulfilling its obligations. The Company considers, among other factors, the nature of the

securities and credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer. If available, the Company obtains a credit rating for issuers from a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) for consideration. If no such rating is available for an issuer, the Company performs an internal rating based on the scale utilized within the loan portfolio as discussed above. For purposes of the table below, the Company has converted any issuer rating from an NRSRO into the Company’s internal ratings based on Investment Policy and review by the Company’s management.

As of September 30, 2024	Year of Origination												Total
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Balance
Amortized Cost Balances:
U.S. government agencies
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	—	$	135,000	$	147,818	$	25,000	$	6,760	$	314,578
5-7 internal grade													—
8-10 internal grade													—
Total U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	—	$	135,000	$	147,818	$	25,000	$	6,760	$	314,578
Municipal
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	4,176	$	1,034	$	6,839	$	258	$	150,481	$	162,788
5-7 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		2,353		2,353
8-10 internal grade													—
Total municipal	$	—	$	4,176	$	1,034	$	6,839	$	258	$	152,834	$	165,141
Mortgage-backed securities
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	352,905	$	544,887	$	2,243,363	$	—	$	—	$	3,141,155
5-7 internal grade													—
8-10 internal grade													—
Total mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	352,905	$	544,887	$	2,243,363	$	—	$	—	$	3,141,155
Corporate notes
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	—	$	14,968	$	—	$	6,005	$	36,052	$	57,025
5-7 internal grade													—
8-10 internal grade													—
Total corporate notes	$	—	$	—	$	14,968	$	—	$	6,005	$	36,052	$	57,025
Total held-to-maturity securities													$	3,677,899
Less: Allowance for credit losses													(479)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses													$	3,677,420

Measurement of Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company's allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses, the allowance for unfunded commitment losses and the allowance for held-to-maturity debt security losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the Company measures the allowance for credit losses at the time of origination or purchase of a financial asset, representing an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses on the related asset. When developing its estimate, the Company considers available information relevant to assessing the collectability of cash flows, from both internal and external sources. Historical credit loss experience is one input in the estimation process as well as inputs relevant to current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In considering past events, the Company considers the relevance, or lack thereof, of historical information due to changes in such things as financial asset underwriting or collection practices, and changes in portfolio mix due to changing business plans and strategies. In considering current conditions and forecasts, the Company considers both the current economic environment and the forecasted direction of the economic environment with emphasis on those factors deemed relevant to or driving changes in expected credit losses. As significant judgment is required, the review of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses is performed quarterly by various committees with participation by the Company's executive management.

	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2023
Allowance for loan losses	$	360,279	$	344,235	$	315,039
Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments losses	75,435		83,030		84,111
Allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending-related commitments losses	435,714		427,265		399,150
Allowance for held-to-maturity securities losses	479		347		381
Allowance for credit losses	$	436,193	$	427,612	$	399,531

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective or pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist, based upon the segmentation discussed above. The Company utilizes modeling methodologies that estimate lifetime credit loss rates on each pool, including methodologies estimating the probability of default and loss given default on specific segments. Historical credit loss history is adjusted for reasonable and supportable forecasts developed by the Company on a quantitative or qualitative basis and incorporates third party economic forecasts. Reasonable and supportable forecasts consider the macroeconomic factors that are most relevant to evaluating and predicting expected credit losses in the Company's financial assets. Currently, the Company utilizes an eight quarter forecast period using a single macroeconomic scenario provided by a third party and reviewed within the Company's governance structure. For periods beyond the ability to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts, the Company reverts to historical loss rates at an input level, straight-line over a four quarter reversion period. Expected credit losses are measured over the contractual term of the financial asset with consideration of expected prepayments. Expected extensions, renewals or modifications of the financial asset are considered when the expected extension, renewal or modification is contained within the existing agreement and is not unconditionally cancelable. The methodologies discussed above are applied to both current asset balances on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition and off-balance sheet commitments (i.e. unfunded lending-related commitments).

Assets that do not share similar risk characteristics with a pool are assessed for the allowance for credit losses on an individual basis. These typically include assets experiencing financial difficulties, including assets rated as substandard nonaccrual and doubtful. If foreclosure is probable or the asset is considered collateral-dependent, expected credit losses are measured based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral adjusted for selling costs, if appropriate. Underlying collateral across the Company's segments consist primarily of real estate, land and construction assets as well as general business assets of the borrower. As of September 30, 2024, excluding loans carried at fair value, substandard nonaccrual loans totaling $62.7 million in carrying balance had no related allowance for credit losses.

The Company does not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances because these balances are written off in a timely manner as a reduction to interest income when assets are placed on nonaccrual status.

Loan portfolios

A summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses, specifically for the loan portfolio (i.e. allowance for loan losses and allowance for unfunded commitment losses), for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is as follows:

Three months ended September 30, 2024			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	181,991	$	223,728	$	7,242	$	8,773	$	14,746	$	589	$	437,069
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		30		—		30
Charge-offs	(22,975)		(95)		—		—		(7,794)		(154)		(31,018)
Recoveries	649		30		101		5		3,477		21		4,283
Provision for credit losses - Other	7,128		(4,162)		134		268		3,284		147		6,799
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	2,967		10,540		1,344		638		—		58		15,547
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	1,838		1,103		2		61		—		—		3,004
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	171,598	$	231,144	$	8,823	$	9,745	$	13,743	$	661	$	435,714
By measurement method:
Individually measured	$	21,573	$	5,958	$	50	$	48	$	—	$	1	$	27,630
Collectively measured	150,025		225,186		8,773		9,697		13,743		660		408,084
Loans at period end
Individually measured	$	63,826	$	42,071	$	1,122	$	17,565	$	—	$	2	$	124,586
Collectively measured	15,183,867		12,751,346		425,921		3,232,435		15,128,580		82,674		46,804,823
Loans held at fair value	—		—		—		138,038		—		—		138,038

Three months ended September 30, 2023	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	143,142	$	215,696	$	6,967	$	12,252	$	9,046	$	277	$	387,380
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(60)		—		(60)
Charge-offs	(2,427)		(1,713)		(227)		(78)		(5,848)		(184)		(10,477)
Recoveries	1,162		243		33		1		906		14		2,359
Provision for credit losses	9,611		1,492		307		484		7,776		278		19,948
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	151,488	$	215,718	$	7,080	$	12,659	$	11,820	$	385	$	399,150
By measurement method:
Individually measured	$	9,773	$	5,408	$	—	$	109	$	—	$	12	$	15,302
Collectively measured	141,715		210,310		7,080		12,550		11,820		373		383,848
Loans at period end
Individually measured	$	43,569	$	17,043	$	1,363	$	15,946	$	—	$	16	$	77,937
Collectively measured	12,681,904		10,929,137		341,895		2,520,479		14,654,555		68,947		41,196,917
Loans held at fair value	—		—		—		171,178		—		—		171,178

Nine months ended September 30, 2024			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	169,604	$	223,853	$	7,116	$	13,133	$	13,069	$	490	$	427,265
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(20)		—		(20)
Charge-offs	(43,774)		(21,090)		(74)		(61)		(24,218)		(398)		(89,615)
Recoveries	2,078		151		165		15		8,667		68		11,144
Provision for credit losses - Other	38,885		16,587		270		(4,041)		16,245		443		68,389
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	2,967		10,540		1,344		638		—		58		15,547
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	1,838		1,103		2		61		—		—		3,004
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	171,598	$	231,144	$	8,823	$	9,745	$	13,743	$	661	$	435,714

Nine months ended September 30, 2023			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	142,769	$	184,352	$	7,573	$	11,585	$	10,671	$	498	$	357,448
Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2016-13	111		1,356		(33)		(692)		—		(1)		741
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(15)		—		(15)
Charge-offs	(10,599)		(9,842)		(227)		(78)		(15,151)		(447)		(36,344)
Recoveries	2,059		368		105		11		3,119		69		5,731
Provision for credit losses	17,148		39,484		(338)		1,833		13,196		266		71,589
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	151,488	$	215,718	$	7,080	$	12,659	$	11,820	$	385	$	399,150

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $22.3 million and $83.9 million of provision for credit losses, respectively, related to loans and lending agreements, which includes $15.5 million of Day 1 provision related to the acquisition of Macatawa. The provision for each period was primarily the result of losses experienced in the Commercial, Commercial Real Estate and Premium Finance Receivables portfolios along with growth across various segments, which was offset by improved macroeconomic forecasts related to Baa Credit Spread and CRE Price Index. Uncertainties remain regarding expected economic performance and macroeconomic forecasts utilized in the measurement of the allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2024. Net charge-offs in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024, totaled $26.7 million and $78.5 million, respectively.

Held-to-maturity debt securities

The allowance for credit losses on the Company’s held-to-maturity debt securities is presented as a reduction to the amortized cost basis of held-to-maturity securities on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition. For the three and nine month

period ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $(12,000) and $132,000, respectively, of provision for credit losses related to held-to-maturity securities. At September 30, 2024, the Company did not identify any held-to-maturity debt securities within its portfolio that would require a charge-off.

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulties

The Company’s approach to restructuring or modifying loans is built on its credit risk rating system, which requires credit management personnel to assign a credit risk rating to each loan. In each case, the loan officer is responsible for recommending a credit risk rating for each loan and ensuring the credit risk ratings are appropriate. These credit risk ratings are then reviewed and approved by the bank’s chief credit officer and/or concurrence credit officer. Credit risk ratings are determined by evaluating a number of factors, including a borrower’s financial strength, cash flow coverage, collateral protection and guarantees. The Company’s credit risk rating scale is one through ten with higher scores indicating higher risk. In the case of loans rated six or worse following modification, the Company’s Managed Assets Division evaluates the loan and the credit risk rating and determines that the loan has been restructured to be reasonably assured of repayment and of performance according to the modified terms and is supported by a current, well-documented credit assessment of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms. Based on the Company’s credit risk rating system, it considers that borrowers whose credit risk rating is 5 or better are not experiencing financial difficulties.

Restructurings may arise when, due to financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, the Company obtains through physical possession one or more collateral assets in satisfaction of all or part of an existing credit. Once possession is obtained, the Company reclassifies the appropriate portion of the remaining balance of the credit from loans to other real estate owned (“OREO”), which is included within other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition. For any residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, the Company is considered to possess the related collateral only if legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure, or the borrower conveys all interest in the residential real estate property to the Company through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar legal agreement. At September 30, 2024, the Company had no foreclosed residential real estate properties included within OREO. Further, the recorded investment in residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $40.4 million and $55.1 million at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The tables below presents a summary of the period-end balance of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024  (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term		Reduction of  Interest Rate		Interest Only Payments		Delay in Contractual Payments		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,469	0.0	%	$	1,240	$	42	$	17	$	—	$	170
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	192		0.0		192		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Premium Finance Receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,548		0.0		30		1,457		—		—		61
Total loans	$	3,209	0.0	%	$	1,462	$	1,499	$	17	$	—	$	231

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024  (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)		Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,469	27		—	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	192		6		—	—
Home equity	—		$	—	—	—
Residential real estate	—		$	—	—	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,548		4		—	—
Total loans	$	3,209	9		—	—

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term		Reduction of  Interest Rate		Delay in Contractual Payments		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,256	0.0	%	$	1,256	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	141		0.0		141		—		—		—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	40		0.0		40		—		—		—
Total loans	$	1,437	0.0	%	$	1,437	$	—	$	—	$	—

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)	Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,256	16	—	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	—		—	—	—
Home equity	—		—	—	—
Residential real estate	141		14	—	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	40		2	—	—
Total loans	$	1,437	16	—	—

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands)	Total (1)		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term (1)		Reduction of  Interest Rate (1)		Interest Only Payments		Delay in Contractual Payments (1)		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate (1)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	4,687	0.0	%	$	4,195	$	42	$	17	$	97	$	336
Commercial real estate
Non-Construction	1,662		0.0		486		—		319		857		—
Home equity	89		0.0		89		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	282		0.0		114		168		—		—		—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,554		0.0		33		1,460		—		—		61
Total loans	$	8,274	0.0		$	4,917	$	1,670	$	336	$	954	$	397

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)	Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	4,687	35	113	34
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	1,662		29	—	16
Home equity	89		12	—	—
Residential real estate	282		19	201	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,554		6	86	—
Total loans	$	8,274	9	156	18

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term		Reduction of  Interest Rate		Delay in Contractual Payments		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	39,153	0.3	%	$	3,194	$	221	$	35,265	$	473
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	5,709		0.1		467		827		39		4,376
Home equity	203		0.1		203		—		—		—
Residential real estate	2,113		0.1		1,537		271		—		305
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	51		0.0		43		—		—		8
Total loans	$	47,229	0.1	%	$	5,444	$	1,319	$	35,304	$	5,162

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)	Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	39,153	15	108	16
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	5,709		40	232	101
Home equity	203		12	—	—
Residential real estate	2,113		54	284	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	51		2	50	—
Total loans	$	47,229	33	223	17

The Company had commitments of $8.6 million and $45.0 million as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively, to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and for whom the Company has modified the terms of loans in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than insignificant payment delay or a term extension during the periods presented.

The following table presents a summary of all modified loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties and such loans that were in payment default under the restructured terms during the respective periods below:

(Dollars in thousands)	For the Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Total		Payments in  Default  (1)		Payments in  Default  (1)		Total		Payments in  Default  (1)		Payments in  Default  (1)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	6,757	$	42	$	1,826	$	39,153	$	18,727	$	18,749
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	2,504		—		—		—		—		—
Non-construction	2,933		—		923		5,709		95		923
Home equity	588		—		203		203		203		203
Residential real estate	282		—		541		2,113		817		902
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,632		47		61		51		40		40
Total loans	$	14,696	$	89	$	3,554	$	47,229	$	19,882	$	20,817

(1)Modified loans considered to be in payment default are over 30 days past due subsequent to the restructuring.

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Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets

A summary of the Company’s goodwill assets by reporting unit is presented in the following table:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2023		Goodwill Acquired		Impairment Loss		Goodwill Adjustments		September 30, 2024
Community banking	$	545,671	$	144,586	$	—	$	—	$	690,257
Specialty finance	39,006		—		—		(478)		38,528
Wealth management	71,995		—		—		—		71,995
Total	$	656,672	$	144,586	$	—	$	(478)	$	800,780

The community banking unit's goodwill increased $144.6 million in the third quarter of 2024 as a result of the Macatawa acquisition. The specialty finance unit’s goodwill decreased $478,000 in the first nine months of 2024 as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments related to the Canadian acquisitions.

The Company assesses each reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment on at least an annual basis and considers potential indicators of impairment at each reporting date between annual goodwill impairment tests. At October 1, 2023, the Company utilized a qualitative approach for its annual goodwill impairment tests of the community banking, specialty finance and wealth

management reporting units and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of all reporting units exceeded the respective carrying value of such reporting unit at that time.

At each reporting date between annual goodwill impairment tests, the Company considers potential indicators of impairment. The Company assessed whether events and circumstances resulted in it being more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit was less than its carrying value. Potential impairment indicators considered include the condition of the economy and banking industry; government intervention and regulatory updates; the impact of recent events to financial performance and cost factors of the reporting units; performance of the Company’s stock and other relevant events.

At the conclusion of this assessment of all reporting units, the Company determined that as of September 30, 2024, it was more likely than not that the fair value of all reporting units exceeded the respective carrying value of such reporting unit.

A summary of acquisition-related intangible assets as of the dates shown and the expected amortization of finite-lived acquisition-related intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 is as follows:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Community banking segment:
Core deposit intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	154,506	$	55,206	$	55,206
Accumulated amortization	(51,358)		(46,125)		(45,304)
Net carrying amount	$	103,148	$	9,081	$	9,902
Trademark with indefinite lives:
Carrying amount	13,800		5,800		5,800
Total net carrying amount	$	116,948	$	14,881	$	15,702
Specialty finance segment:
Customer list intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	1,962	$	1,963	$	1,962
Accumulated amortization	(1,871)		(1,837)		(1,826)
Net carrying amount	$	91	$	126	$	136
Wealth management segment:
Customer list and other intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	26,630	$	26,630	$	26,630
Accumulated amortization	(19,803)		(18,748)		(18,224)
Net carrying amount	$	6,827	$	7,882	$	8,406
Total acquisition-related intangible assets:
Gross carrying amount	$	196,898	$	89,599	$	89,598
Accumulated amortization	(73,032)		(66,710)		(65,354)
Total other acquisition-related intangible assets, net	$	123,866	$	22,889	$	24,244

Estimated amortization
Actual in nine months ended September 30, 2024	$	6,322
Estimated remaining in 2024	5,501
Estimated—2025	20,784
Estimated—2026	18,268
Estimated—2027	15,848
Estimated—2028	13,477

The community banking unit's core deposit intangibles and trademarks with indefinite lives increased $99.3 million and $8.0 million, respectively, in the third quarter of 2024 as a result of the Macatawa acquisition.

The core deposit intangibles recognized in connection with the Company’s bank acquisitions are amortized over a ten-year period on an accelerated basis. The customer list intangibles recognized in connection with the purchase of life insurance premium finance assets in 2009 are being amortized over an 18-year period on an accelerated basis. The customer list and other

intangibles recognized in connection with prior acquisitions within the wealth management segment are being amortized over a period of up to ten years on a straight-line or accelerated basis. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of certain trade and domain names recognized in connection with prior acquisitions. As indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, the Company assesses impairment on at least an annual basis. Total amortization expense associated with finite-lived acquisition-related intangibles totaled approximately $6.3 million and $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs")

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Disclosures Pertaining to Servicing Assets and Servicing Liabilities [Abstract]

Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs")

Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”)

The following is a summary of the changes in the carrying value of MSRs, accounted for at fair value, for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Fair value at beginning of the period	$	204,610	$	200,692	$	192,456	$	230,225
Additions from loans sold with servicing retained	6,357		9,706		19,959		23,533
Servicing rights sold	—		—		—		(30,170)
Estimate of changes in fair value due to:
Payoffs, paydowns and repurchases	(7,328)		(4,597)		(17,248)		(13,549)
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions	(17,331)		4,723		(8,859)		485
Fair value at end of the period	$	186,308	$	210,524	$	186,308	$	210,524
Unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others	$	12,253,361	$	11,885,531

The Company recognizes MSR assets upon the sale of residential real estate loans to external third parties when it retains the obligation to service the loans and the servicing fee is more than adequate compensation. MSRs are included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition. The initial recognition of MSR assets from loans sold with servicing retained and subsequent changes in fair value of all MSRs are recognized in mortgage banking revenue. MSRs are subject to changes in value from actual and expected prepayment of the underlying loans.

The estimation of fair value related to MSRs is partly impacted by the Company exercising its early buyout options (“EBO”) on eligible loans previously sold to the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”). Under such optional repurchase program, financial institutions acting as servicers are allowed to buy back from the securitized loan pool individual delinquent mortgage loans meeting certain criteria for which the institution was the original transferor of such loans. At the option of the servicer and without prior authorization from GNMA, the servicer may repurchase such delinquent loans for an amount equal to the remaining principal balance of the loan. At the time of such repurchase, any MSR value related to such loans is derecognized.

The MSR asset fair value is determined by using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the objective characteristics of the portfolio as well as subjective valuation parameters that purchasers of servicing would apply to such portfolios sold into the secondary market. The subjective factors include loan prepayment speeds, discount rates, servicing costs and other economic factors. The Company uses a third party to assist in the valuation of MSRs.

Periodically, the Company will purchase options for the right to purchase securities not currently held within the banks’ investment portfolios or enter into interest rate swaps in which the Company elects not to designate such derivatives as hedging instruments. These option and swap transactions are designed primarily to economically hedge a portion of the fair value adjustments related to the Company’s MSRs. The gain or loss associated with these derivative contracts is included in mortgage banking revenue. For more information regarding these hedges outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, see Note (14) “Derivative Financial Instruments” in Item 1 of this report.

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Deposits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Deposits [Abstract]

Deposits

Deposits

The following table is a summary of deposits as of the dates shown: 

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Balance:
Non-interest-bearing	$	10,739,132		$	10,420,401		$	10,347,006
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	5,466,932			5,797,649			6,006,114
Wealth management deposits	1,303,354			1,614,499			1,788,099
Money market	17,713,726			15,149,215			14,478,504
Savings	6,183,249			5,790,334			5,584,294
Time certificates of deposit	9,998,573			6,625,072			6,788,669
Total deposits	$	51,404,966		$	45,397,170		$	44,992,686
Mix:
Non-interest-bearing	21		%	23		%	23		%
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	11			13			13
Wealth management deposits	3			4			4
Money market	34			33			32
Savings	12			13			13
Time certificates of deposit	19			14			15
Total deposits	100		%	100		%	100		%

Wealth management deposits represent deposit balances (primarily money market accounts) at the Company’s subsidiary banks from brokerage customers of Wintrust Investments, LLC (“Wintrust Investments”), Chicago Deferred Exchange Company (“CDEC”) and trust and asset management customers of the Company.

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FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes

FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes

The following table is a summary of FHLB advances, other borrowings and subordinated notes as of the dates shown:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
FHLB advances	$	3,171,309	$	2,326,071	$	2,326,071
Other borrowings:
Notes payable	149,894		171,282		178,411
Short-term borrowings	—		13,430		14,183
Secured borrowings	439,513		401,897		391,681
Other	57,636		59,204		59,724
Total other borrowings	647,043		645,813		643,999
Subordinated notes	298,188		437,866		437,731
Total FHLB advances, other borrowings and subordinated notes	$	4,116,540	$	3,409,750	$	3,407,801

Descriptions of the Company’s FHLB advances, other borrowings, and subordinated notes are included in Note (11) “Federal Home Loan Bank Advances”, Note (12) “Subordinated Notes” and Note (13) “Other Borrowings” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Notes Payable

Notes payable balances represent the balances on the Company’s credit agreement with certain unaffiliated banks. At September 30, 2024, the outstanding principal balance under the term loan facility was $149.9 million and there was no outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility. Borrowings under notes payable are secured by pledges of and first priority perfected security interests in the Company’s equity interest in its bank subsidiaries and contain several restrictive covenants, including the maintenance of various capital adequacy levels, asset quality and profitability ratios, and certain restrictions on dividends and other indebtedness. At September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.

Short-term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings include securities sold under repurchase agreements of customer sweep accounts in connection with master repurchase agreement at the banks. There were no borrowings at September 30, 2024 compared to $13.4 million and $14.2 million at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had no pledged securities related to its customer balances in sweep accounts.

Secured Borrowings

The balance of secured borrowings primarily represents a third party Canadian transaction (“Canadian Secured Borrowing”). Under the Canadian Secured Borrowing, the Company, through its subsidiary, FIFC Canada, sells an undivided co-ownership interest in all receivables owed to FIFC Canada to an unrelated third party in exchange for cash payments pursuant to a receivables purchase agreement (“Receivables Purchase Agreement”). On August 29, 2024, the Company entered into the Twelfth Amending Agreement to the Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of December 16, 2014. The amended Receivables Purchase Agreement provides for, among other things, an extension of the maturity date to December 15, 2025 and an increase to the facility limit from $520 million to $650 million. Additionally, Wintrust guarantees the performance of FIFC Canada of its obligations under the Receivables Purchase Agreement and any subsequent amendments thereto.

At September 30, 2024, the translated balance of the secured borrowings totaled $428.6 million compared to $392.5 million at December 31, 2023 and $382.8 million at September 30, 2023. The interest rate under the Receivables Purchase Agreement is the Canadian Commercial Paper Rate plus fee rate of 0.825%.

The remaining $10.9 million, $9.4 million and $8.9 million within secured borrowings at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, represent other sold interests in certain loans by the Company that were not considered sales and, as such, related proceeds received are reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as a secured borrowing owed to the various unrelated third parties.

Other Borrowings

Other borrowings represent a fixed-rate promissory note (“Fixed-Rate Promissory Note”) issued by the Company in June 2017. Subsequent amendments to the Fixed-Rate Promissory Note since issuance increased the principal amount to $66.4 million, reduced the interest rate to 1.70% and extended the maturity date to March 31, 2025. The Fixed-Rate Promissory Note contains several restrictive covenants, including the maintenance of various capital adequacy levels, asset quality and profitability ratios, and certain restrictions on dividends and indebtedness. At September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.

Subordinated Notes

At September 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding subordinated notes totaling $298.2 million compared to $437.9 million and $437.7 million at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The notes issued in 2019 have a stated interest rate of 4.85% and mature in June 2029. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company repaid the $140.0 million of subordinated notes issued in 2014. The notes had a stated interest rate of 5.00% and matured in June 2024.

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Junior Subordinated Debentures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Junior Subordinated Debenture Owed to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trust [Abstract]

Junior Subordinated Debentures

Junior Subordinated Debentures

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s junior subordinated debentures as of September 30, 2024. The junior subordinated debentures represent the par value of the obligations owed to the Trusts.

(Dollars in thousands)	Common Securities		Trust  Preferred Securities		Junior Subordinated Debentures		Rate Structure (1)	Contractual Rate at 9/30/2024		Issue Date	Maturity Date	Earliest Redemption Date
Wintrust Capital Trust III	$	774	$	25,000	$	25,774	S+0.26161+3.25	8.81	%	04/2003	04/2033	04/2008
Wintrust Statutory Trust IV	619		20,000		20,619		S+0.26161+2.80	7.67	%	12/2003	12/2033	12/2008
Wintrust Statutory Trust V	1,238		40,000		41,238		S+0.26161+2.60	7.47	%	05/2004	05/2034	06/2009
Wintrust Capital Trust VII	1,550		50,000		51,550		S+0.26161+1.95	7.16	%	12/2004	03/2035	03/2010
Wintrust Capital Trust VIII	1,238		25,000		26,238		S+0.26161+1.45	6.32	%	08/2005	09/2035	09/2010
Wintrust Capital Trust IX	1,547		50,000		51,547		S+0.26161+1.63	6.84	%	09/2006	09/2036	09/2011
Northview Capital Trust I	186		6,000		6,186		S+0.26161+3.00	8.51	%	08/2003	11/2033	08/2008
Town Bankshares Capital Trust I	186		6,000		6,186		S+0.26161+3.00	8.51	%	08/2003	11/2033	08/2008
First Northwest Capital Trust I	155		5,000		5,155		S+0.26161+3.00	7.87	%	05/2004	05/2034	05/2009
Suburban Illinois Capital Trust II	464		15,000		15,464		S+0.26161+1.75	6.96	%	12/2006	12/2036	12/2011
Community Financial Shares Statutory Trust II	109		3,500		3,609		S+0.26161+1.62	6.83	%	06/2007	09/2037	06/2012
Total					$	253,566		7.33	%

(1)The interest rates on the variable rate junior subordinated debentures are based on the three-month Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and reset on a quarterly basis.

The junior subordinated debentures totaled $253.6 million at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2024, the weighted average contractual interest rate on the junior subordinated debentures was 7.33%.

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

The Company’s operations consist of three primary segments: community banking, specialty finance and wealth management.

The three reportable segments are strategic business units that are separately managed as they offer different products and services and have different marketing strategies. In addition, each segment’s customer base has varying characteristics and each segment has a different regulatory environment. While the Company’s management monitors each of the sixteen bank subsidiaries’ operations and profitability separately, these subsidiaries have been aggregated into one reportable operating segment due to the similarities in products and services, customer base, operations, profitability measures, and economic characteristics.

For purposes of internal segment profitability, management allocates certain intersegment and parent company balances. Management allocates a portion of revenues to the specialty finance segment related to loans and leases originated by the specialty finance segment and sold or assigned to the community banking segment. Similarly, for purposes of analyzing the contribution from the wealth management segment, management allocates a portion of the net interest income earned by the community banking segment on deposit balances of customers of the wealth management segment to the wealth management segment. See Note (10) “Deposits” in Item 1 of this report for more information on these deposits. Finally, expenses incurred at the Wintrust parent company are allocated to each segment based on each segment’s risk-weighted assets.

The segment financial information provided in the following table has been derived from the internal profitability reporting system used by management to monitor and manage the financial performance of the Company. The accounting policies of the segments are substantially similar to those described in Note (1) “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2023 Form 10-K. The Company evaluates segment performance based on after-tax profit or loss and other appropriate profitability measures common to each segment.

The following is a summary of certain operating information for reportable segments:

	Three Months Ended				$ Change in Contribution		% Change  in Contribution
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net interest income:
Community Banking	$	396,894	$	360,575	$	36,319	10	%
Specialty Finance	88,448		85,427		3,021		4
Wealth Management	6,932		7,997		(1,065)		(13)
Total Operating Segments	492,274		453,999		38,275		8
Intersegment Eliminations	10,309		8,359		1,950		23
Consolidated net interest income	$	502,583	$	462,358	$	40,225	9	%
Provision for credit losses:
Community Banking	$	20,475	$	16,742	$	3,733	22	%
Specialty Finance	1,859		3,181		(1,322)		(42)
Wealth Management	—		—		—		—
Total Operating Segments	22,334		19,923		2,411		12
Intersegment Eliminations	—		—		—		—
Consolidated provision for credit losses	$	22,334	$	19,923	$	2,411	12	%
Non-interest income:
Community Banking	$	66,323	$	70,536	$	(4,213)	(6)	%
Specialty Finance	29,587		20,793		8,794		42
Wealth Management	37,431		37,312		119		0
Total Operating Segments	133,341		128,641		4,700		4
Intersegment Eliminations	(20,194)		(16,163)		(4,031)		25
Consolidated non-interest income	$	113,147	$	112,478	$	669	1	%
Net revenue:
Community Banking	$	463,217	$	431,111	$	32,106	7	%
Specialty Finance	118,035		106,220		11,815		11
Wealth Management	44,363		45,309		(946)		(2)
Total Operating Segments	625,615		582,640		42,975		7
Intersegment Eliminations	(9,885)		(7,804)		(2,081)		27
Consolidated net revenue	$	615,730	$	574,836	$	40,894	7	%
Segment profit:
Community Banking	$	115,213	$	115,156	$	57	0	%
Specialty Finance	46,803		40,548		6,255		15
Wealth Management	7,985		8,494		(509)		(6)
Consolidated net income	$	170,001	$	164,198	$	5,803	4	%
Segment assets:
Community Banking	$	51,598,626	$	43,801,560	$	7,797,066	18	%
Specialty Finance	11,047,585		10,521,547		526,038		5
Wealth Management	1,142,213		1,232,139		(89,926)		(7)
Consolidated total assets	$	63,788,424	$	55,555,246	$	8,233,178	15	%

NM - Not meaningful

	Nine Months Ended				$ Change in Contribution		% Change  in Contribution
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net interest income:
Community Banking	$	1,119,411	$	1,076,655	$	42,756	4	%
Specialty Finance	265,921		240,771		25,150		10
Wealth Management	22,618		24,356		(1,738)		(7)
Total Operating Segments	1,407,950		1,341,782		66,168		5
Intersegment Eliminations	29,437		26,108		3,329		13
Consolidated net interest income	$	1,437,387	$	1,367,890	$	69,497	5	%
Provision for credit losses:
Community Banking	$	77,192	$	64,554	$	12,638	20	%
Specialty Finance	6,876		6,928		(52)		(1)
Wealth Management	—		—		—		—
Total Operating Segments	84,068		71,482		12,586		18
Intersegment Eliminations	—		—		—		—
Consolidated provision for credit losses	$	84,068	$	71,482	$	12,586	18	%
Non-interest income:
Community Banking	$	212,578	$	207,399	$	5,179	2	%
Specialty Finance	89,221		78,320		10,901		14
Wealth Management	131,521		101,000		30,521		30
Total Operating Segments	433,320		386,719		46,601		12
Intersegment Eliminations	(58,446)		(53,442)		(5,004)		9
Consolidated non-interest income	$	374,874	$	333,277	$	41,597	12	%
Net revenue:
Community Banking	$	1,331,989	$	1,284,054	$	47,935	4	%
Specialty Finance	355,142		319,091		36,051		11
Wealth Management	154,139		125,356		28,783		23
Total Operating Segments	1,841,270		1,728,501		112,769		7
Intersegment Eliminations	(29,009)		(27,334)		(1,675)		6
Consolidated net revenue	$	1,812,261	$	1,701,167	$	111,094	7	%
Segment profit:
Community Banking	$	326,495	$	351,905	$	(25,410)	18	%
Specialty Finance	142,417		123,687		18,730		5
Wealth Management	40,771		23,554		17,217		(7)
Consolidated net income	$	509,683	$	499,146	$	10,537	15	%

NM - Not meaningful

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Derivative Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company primarily enters into derivative financial instruments as part of its strategy to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates. Derivative instruments represent contracts between parties that result in one party delivering cash to the other party based on a notional amount and an underlying term (such as a rate, security price or price index or commodity price) as specified in the contract. The amount of cash delivered from one party to the other is determined based on the interaction of the notional amount of the contract with the underlying term. Derivatives are also implicit in certain contracts and commitments.

The derivative financial instruments currently used by the Company to manage its exposure to interest rate risk include: (1) interest rate swaps and collars to manage the interest rate risk of certain fixed and variable rate assets and variable rate liabilities; (2) interest rate lock commitments provided to customers to fund certain mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market; (3) forward commitments for the future delivery of such mortgage loans to protect the Company from adverse changes in interest rates and corresponding changes in the value of mortgage loans held-for-sale; (4) covered call options to economically hedge specific investment securities and receive fee income, effectively enhancing the overall yield on such securities to compensate for net interest margin compression; and (5) options and swaps to economically hedge a portion of the fair value adjustments related to the Company’s mortgage servicing rights portfolio. The Company also enters into derivatives (typically interest rate swaps and commodity forward contracts) with certain qualified borrowers to facilitate the borrowers’ risk management strategies and concurrently enters into mirror-image derivatives with a third party counterparty, effectively making a market in the derivatives for such borrowers. Additionally, the Company enters into foreign currency contracts to manage foreign exchange risk associated with certain foreign currency denominated assets.

The Company recognizes derivative financial instruments in the consolidated financial statements at fair value regardless of the purpose or intent for holding the instrument. The Company records derivative assets and derivative liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Condition within accrued interest receivable and other assets and accrued interest payable and other liabilities, respectively. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized in income or in shareholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies for hedge accounting and, if so, whether it qualifies as a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge.

Changes in fair values of derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges are recorded in income in the same period and in the same income statement line as changes in the fair values of the hedged items that relate to the hedged risk(s). Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of deferred taxes, and reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments not designated in a hedging relationship pursuant to ASC 815 are reported in non-interest income during the period of the change. Derivative financial instruments are valued by a third party and are corroborated by comparison with valuations provided by the respective counterparties. Fair values of certain mortgage banking derivatives (interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments to sell mortgage loans) are estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date of the loan commitment. The fair value of foreign currency derivatives is computed based on changes in foreign currency rates stated in the contract compared to those prevailing at the measurement date. Commodity derivative fair values are computed based on changes in the price per unit stated in the contract compared to those prevailing at the measurement date.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

	Derivative Assets						Derivative Liabilities
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges	$	53,402	$	40,116	$	—	$	14,522	$	44,456	$	157,355
Interest rate derivatives designated as Fair Value Hedges	8,069		12,349		17,929		351		273		—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815	$	61,471	$	52,465	$	17,929	$	14,873	$	44,729	$	157,355
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Interest rate derivatives	$	185,456	$	211,490	$	294,324	$	180,160	$	210,397	$	295,916
Interest rate lock commitments	5,143		4,511		2,516		6		—		72
Forward commitments to sell mortgage loans	31		—		3,261		1,055		5,212		—
Commodity forward contracts	1,647		888		1,320		1,365		609		1,076
Foreign exchange contracts	1,914		6,372		4,355		1,880		6,308		4,287
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815	$	194,191	$	223,261	$	305,776	$	184,466	$	222,526	$	301,351
Total Derivatives	$	255,662	$	275,726	$	323,705	$	199,339	$	267,255	$	458,706

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to net interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and interest rate collars as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts to or from a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving or paying fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate collars designated as cash flow hedges involve the settlement of amounts in which the interest rate index specified in the contract exceeds the agreed upon cap strike rate or in which the interest rate index specified in the contract is below the agreed upon floor strike rate at the end of each period.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had various interest rate collar and swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate loans. When the relationship between the hedged item and hedging instrument is highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in cash flows attributable to the hedged risk, changes in the fair value of these cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and are subsequently reclassified to interest income as interest payments

are made on such variable rate loans. The changes in fair value (net of tax) are separately disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The table below provides details on these cash flow hedges, summarized by derivative type and maturity, as of September 30, 2024:

	September 30, 2024
	Notional		Fair Value
(In thousands)	Amount		Asset (Liability)
Interest Rate Collars at 1-month CME term SOFR:
Buy 2.250% floor, sell 3.743% cap; matures September 2025	$	1,250,000	$	(4,251)
Buy 2.750% floor, sell 4.320% cap; matures October 2026	500,000		1,345
Buy 2.000% floor, sell 3.450% cap; matures September 2027	1,250,000		(10,270)
Interest Rate Swaps at 1-month CME term SOFR:
Fixed 3.748%; matures December 2025	250,000		290
Fixed 3.759%; matures December 2025	250,000		324
Fixed 3.680%; matures February 2026	250,000		233
Fixed 4.176%; matures March 2026	250,000		2,088
Fixed 3.915%; matures March 2026	250,000		1,182
Fixed 4.450%; matures July 2026	250,000		4,220
Fixed 3.515%, matures December 2026	250,000		822
Fixed 3.512%; matures December 2026	250,000		806
Fixed 3.453%; matures February 2027	250,000		578
Fixed 4.150%; matures July 2027	250,000		5,610
Fixed 3.748%; matures March 2028	250,000		3,998
Fixed 3.526%; matures March 2028	250,000		2,186
Fixed 3.993%; matures October 2029	350,000		12,573
Fixed 4.245%; matures November 2029	350,000		17,146
Total Cash Flow Hedges	$	6,700,000	$	38,880

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company terminated interest rate swap derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate deposits with a total notional value of $1.0 billion and a five-year term effective July 2022. At the time of termination, the fair value of the derivative contracts totaled an asset of $66.5 million, with such adjustments to fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company terminated two additional interest rate swap derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate deposits with a total notional value of $500.0 million each effective since April 2020. The remaining terms of such derivative contracts were through March 2023 and April 2024 and, at the time of termination, the fair value of the derivative contracts totaled assets of $3.7 million and $10.7 million, respectively, with such adjustments to fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company terminated one additional interest rate collar derivative contract designated as a cash flow hedge of a term borrowing facility with a total notional value of $64.3 million effective since September 2018. The remaining term of such derivative contract was through September 2023 and, at the time of termination, the fair value of the derivative contract totaled an asset of $875,000, with such adjustments to fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss.

For all such terminations, as the hedged forecasted transactions (interest payments on variable rate deposits and a term borrowing facility) are still expected to occur over the remaining term of such terminated derivatives, such adjustments will remain in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and be reclassified as a reduction to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the original term of the terminated derivative contracts.

A rollforward of the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, including such derivative contracts terminated during the period, follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Unrealized (loss) gain at beginning of period	$	(49,396)	$	(61,739)	$	43,538	$	10,026
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss to interest income or expense on deposits, loans, and other borrowings	20,378		18,374		60,720		36,038
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income or loss	104,470		(61,456)		(28,806)		(150,885)
Unrealized gain (loss) at end of period	$	75,452	$	(104,821)	$	75,452	$	(104,821)

As of September 30, 2024, the Company estimated that during the next 12 months $13.9 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as a decrease to net interest income. Such estimate consists of $13.3 million reclassified as a reduction to interest expense on the terminated cash flow hedges discussed above and $27.2 million reclassified as a reduction to interest income related to the interest rate collars and swaps noted above that remain outstanding.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had 13 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $204.3 million that were designated as fair value hedges primarily associated with fixed rate commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans as well as life insurance premium finance receivables.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the net gain or loss from the entire change in the fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect, including the net gain or loss, of the hedged item (interest income earned on fixed rate loans) when the hedged item affects earnings.

The following table presents the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) and the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) that are designated as a fair value hedge accounting relationship as of September 30, 2024:

(In thousands)		September 30, 2024
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships	Location in the Statement of Condition	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Remaining for any Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) for which Hedge Accounting has been Discontinued
Interest rate swaps	Loans, net of unearned income	$	195,978	$	(7,703)	$	(63)
	Available-for-sale debt securities	654		(5)		—

The following table presents the loss or gain recognized related to derivative instruments that are designated as fair value hedges for the respective period:

(In thousands) Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships	Location of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2024
Interest rate swaps	Interest and fees on loans	$	(28)	$	(34)
	Interest income - investment securities	—		—

Non-Designated Hedges

The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges are used to manage the Company’s economic exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict

hedge accounting requirements of ASC 815. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings.

Interest Rate Derivatives—Periodically, the Company may purchase interest rate cap derivatives designed to act as an economic hedge of the risk of the negative impact on its fixed-rate loan portfolios from rising interest rates. As of September 30, 2024, there were no interest rate caps outstanding that were designed to act as an economic hedge.

Additionally, the Company has interest rate derivatives, including swaps and option products, resulting from a service the Company provides to certain qualified borrowers. The Company’s banking subsidiaries execute certain derivative products (typically interest rate swaps) directly with qualified commercial borrowers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. For example, these arrangements allow the Company’s commercial borrowers to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate. In order to minimize the Company’s exposure on these transactions, the Company simultaneously executes offsetting derivatives with third parties. In most cases, the offsetting derivatives have mirror-image terms, which result in the positions’ changes in fair value substantially offsetting through earnings each period. However, to the extent that the derivatives are not a mirror-image and because of differences in counterparty credit risk, changes in fair value will not completely offset resulting in some earnings impact each period. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in other non-interest income. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had interest rate derivative transactions with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $12.8 billion and $11.4 billion, respectively, (all interest rate swaps and caps with customers and third parties) related to this program. At September 30, 2024 these interest rate derivatives had maturity dates ranging from October 2024 to January 2037.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives—These derivatives include interest rate lock commitments provided to customers to fund certain mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of such loans. It is the Company’s practice to enter into forward commitments for the future delivery of a portion of its residential mortgage loan production when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of future changes in interest rates on its commitments to fund the loans as well as on its portfolio of mortgage loans held-for-sale. The Company’s mortgage banking derivatives have not been designated as being in hedge relationships. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had interest rate lock commitments with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $288.9 million and $129.9 million, and forward commitments to sell mortgage loans with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $667.6 million and $626.9 million, respectively. The fair values of these derivatives were estimated based on changes in mortgage rates from the dates of the commitments. Changes in the fair value of these mortgage banking derivatives are included in mortgage banking revenue.

Commodity Derivatives—The Company has commodity forward contracts resulting from a service the Company provides to certain qualified borrowers. The Company’s banking subsidiaries execute certain derivative products directly with qualified commercial borrowers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. For example, these arrangements allow the Company’s commercial borrowers to effectively purchase or sell a given commodity at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon settlement date. In order to minimize the Company’s exposure on these transactions, the Company simultaneously executes offsetting derivatives with third parties. In most cases, the offsetting derivatives have mirror-image terms, which result in the positions’ changes in fair value substantially offsetting through earnings each period. However, to the extent that the derivatives are not a mirror-image and because of differences in counterparty credit risk, changes in fair value will not completely offset resulting in some earnings impact each period. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in other non-interest income. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had commodity derivative transactions with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $7.6 million and $8.4 million, respectively, (all forward contracts with customers and third parties) related to this program. At September 30, 2024, these commodity derivatives had maturity dates ranging from October 2024 to October 2025.

Foreign Currency Derivatives—The Company has foreign currency derivative contracts resulting from a service the Company provides to certain qualified customers. The Company’s banking subsidiaries execute certain derivative products directly with qualified customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies related to foreign currency fluctuations. For example, these arrangements allow the Company’s customers to effectively exchange the currency of one country for the currency of another country at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon settlement date. In order to minimize the Company’s exposure on these transactions, the Company simultaneously executes offsetting derivatives with third parties. In most cases, the offsetting derivatives have mirror-image terms, which result in the positions’ changes in fair value substantially offsetting through earnings each period. However, to the extent that the derivatives are not a mirror-image and because of differences in counterparty credit risk, changes in fair value will not completely offset resulting in some earnings impact each period. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in other non-interest income. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held foreign currency derivatives with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $108.9 million and $144.3 million, respectively.

Other Derivatives—Periodically, the Company will sell options to a bank or dealer for the right to purchase certain securities held within the banks’ investment portfolios (covered call options). These option transactions are designed to increase the total return associated with the investment securities portfolio. These options do not qualify as accounting hedges pursuant to ASC 815 and, accordingly, changes in the fair value of these contracts are recognized as other non-interest income. There were no covered call options outstanding as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 or September 30, 2023.

Periodically, the Company will purchase options for the right to purchase securities not currently held within the banks’ investment portfolios or enter into interest rate swaps in which the Company elects to not designate such derivatives as hedging instruments. These option and swap transactions are designed primarily to economically hedge a portion of the fair value adjustments related to the Company’s mortgage servicing rights portfolio. The gain or loss associated with these derivative contracts are included in mortgage banking revenue. The Company held eight interest rate derivatives with an aggregate notional value of $220.0 million at September 30, 2024 and four interest rate derivatives with an aggregate notional value of and $195.0 million at December 31, 2023, for such purpose of economically hedging a portion of the fair value adjustment related to its mortgage servicing rights portfolio.

Amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to derivative instruments not designated in hedge relationships were as follows:

(In thousands)		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
Derivative	Location in income statement	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps and caps	Trading (losses) gains, net	$	(245)	$	778	$	248	$	1,590
Mortgage banking derivatives	Mortgage banking revenue	(1,692)		1,428		2,014		9,859
Commodity contracts	Trading (losses) gains, net	(116)		23		282		243
Foreign exchange contracts	Trading (losses) gains, net	(171)		—		(152)		—
Covered call options	Fees from covered call options	988		4,215		7,891		17,184
Derivative contract held as economic hedge on MSRs	Mortgage banking revenue	6,892		(2,481)		3,543		(2,261)

Credit Risk

Derivative instruments have inherent risks, primarily market risk and credit risk. Market risk is associated with changes in interest rates and credit risk relates to the risk that the counterparty will fail to perform according to the terms of the agreement. The amounts potentially subject to market and credit risks are the streams of interest payments under the contracts and the market value of the derivative instrument and not the notional principal amounts used to express the volume of the transactions. Market and credit risks are managed and monitored as part of the Company’s overall asset-liability management process, except that the credit risk related to derivatives entered into with certain qualified borrowers is managed through the Company’s standard loan underwriting process since these derivatives are secured through collateral provided by the loan agreements. Actual exposures are monitored against various types of credit limits established to contain risk within parameters. When deemed necessary, appropriate types and amounts of collateral are obtained to minimize credit exposure.

The Company has agreements with certain of its interest rate derivative counterparties that contain cross-default provisions, which provide that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision allowing the counterparty to terminate the derivative positions if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well or adequately capitalized institution, which would require the Company to settle its obligations under the agreements. As of September 30, 2024, there were $97.5 million interest rate derivatives in a net asset position that were subject to such agreements. The fair value of such derivatives includes accrued interest related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions and those derivatives subject to such agreements were in a liability position, and the derivatives were terminated as a result, the Company would have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at the termination value and would have been required to pay any additional amounts due in excess of amounts previously posted as collateral with the respective counterparty.

The Company is also exposed to the credit risk of its commercial borrowers who are counterparties to interest rate derivatives with the banks. This counterparty risk related to the commercial borrowers is managed and monitored through the banks’ standard underwriting process applicable to loans since these derivatives are secured through collateral provided by the loan agreement. The counterparty risk associated with the mirror-image swaps executed with third parties is monitored and managed in connection with the Company’s overall asset liability management process.

The Company records interest rate derivatives subject to master netting agreements at their gross value and does not offset derivative assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Condition. The table below summarizes the Company’s interest rate derivatives and offsetting positions as of the dates shown.

	Derivative Assets						Derivative Liabilities
	Fair Value						Fair Value
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Gross Amounts Recognized	$	246,927	$	263,955	$	312,253	$	195,033	$	255,126	$	453,271
Less: Amounts offset in the Statements of Condition	—		—		—		—		—		—
Net amount presented in the Statements of Condition	$	246,927	$	263,955	$	312,253	$	195,033	$	255,126	$	453,271
Gross amounts not offset in the Statements of Condition
Offsetting Derivative Positions	(82,819)		(76,514)		(157,673)		(82,819)		(76,514)		(157,673)
Collateral Posted	(59,791)		(144,899)		(140,857)		(420)		—		(3,785)
Net Credit Exposure	$	104,317	$	42,542	$	13,723	$	111,794	$	178,612	$	291,813

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Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities

Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities

The Company measures, monitors and discloses certain of its assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. These financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value. These levels are:

•Level 1—unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

•Level 3—significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the above valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the assets or liabilities. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Available-for-sale debt securities, trading account securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair value—Fair values for available-for-sale debt securities, trading account securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair value are typically based on prices obtained from independent pricing vendors. Securities measured with these valuation techniques are generally classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Typically, standard inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades for similar securities, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data including market research publications are used to determine the fair value of these securities. When these inputs are not available, broker/dealer quotes may be obtained by the vendor to determine the fair value of the security. We review the vendor’s pricing methodologies to determine if observable market information is being used, versus unobservable inputs. Fair value measurements using significant inputs that are unobservable in the market due to limited activity or a less liquid market are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of U.S. Treasury securities and certain equity securities with readily determinable fair value are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical securities. As such, these securities are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s Investment Operations Department is responsible for the valuation of Level 3 available-for-sale debt securities. The methodology and variables used as inputs in pricing Level 3 securities are derived from a combination of observable and unobservable inputs. The unobservable inputs are determined through internal assumptions that may vary from period to period due to external factors, such as market movement and credit rating adjustments.

At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $135.3 million of municipal securities as Level 3. These municipal securities are bond issues for various municipal government entities primarily located in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin and are privately placed, non-rated bonds without CUSIP numbers. The Company’s methodology for pricing these securities focuses on three distinct inputs: equivalent rating, yield and other pricing terms. To determine the rating for a given non-rated investment debt security, the Investment Operations Department references a rated, publicly issued bond by the same issuer if available. A reduction is then applied to the rating obtained from the comparable bond, as the Company believes if liquidated, a non-rated bond would be valued less than a similar bond with a verifiable rating. The reduction applied by the Company is one complete rating grade (i.e. a “AA” rating for a comparable bond would be reduced to “A” for the Company’s valuation). For bond issues without comparable bond proxies, a rating of “BBB” was assigned. In the third quarter of 2024, all of the ratings derived by the Investment Operations Department using the above process were “BBB” or better. The fair value measurement noted above is sensitive to the rating input, as a higher rating typically results in an increased valuation. The remaining pricing inputs used in the bond valuation are observable. Based on the rating determined in the above process, Investment Operations obtains a corresponding current market yield curve available to market participants. Other terms including coupon, maturity date, redemption price, number of coupon payments per year, and accrual method are obtained from the individual bond term sheets. Certain municipal bonds held by the Company at September 30, 2024 are continuously callable. When valuing these bonds, the fair value is capped at par value as the Company assumes a market participant would not pay more than par for a continuously callable bond.

Mortgage loans held-for-sale—The fair value of mortgage loans held-for-sale is typically determined by reference to investor price sheets for loan products with similar characteristics. Loans measured with this valuation technique are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $59.1 million of certain delinquent mortgage loans held-for-sale as Level 3. For such delinquent loans in which investor interest may be limited, the Company estimates fair value by discounting future scheduled cash flows for the specific loan through its life, adjusted for estimated credit losses. The Company uses a discount rate based on prevailing market coupon rates on loans with similar characteristics. The assumed weighted average discount rate used as an input to value these loans at September 30, 2024 was 6.14%. The higher the rate utilized to discount estimated future cash flows, the lower the fair value measurement. Additionally, the weighted average credit discount used as an input to value the specific loans was 0.52% with credit loss discount ranging from 0%-14% at September 30, 2024.

Loans held-for-investment—The fair value for certain loans in which the Company previously elected the fair value option is estimated by discounting future scheduled cash flows for the specific loan through maturity, adjusted for estimated credit losses and prepayment or life assumptions. These loans primarily consist of early buyout loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies that are delinquent and, as a result, investor interest may be limited. The Company uses a discount rate based on the actual coupon rate of the underlying loan. At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $44.8 million of loans held-for-investment carried at fair value as Level 3. The assumed weighted average discount rate used as an input to value these loans at September 30, 2024 was 6.14%. The higher the rate utilized to discount estimated future cash flows, the lower the fair value measurement. As noted above, the fair value estimate also includes assumptions of prepayment speeds and average life as well as credit losses. The weighted average prepayments speed used as an input to value current loans was 9.21% at September 30, 2024. Prepayment speeds are inversely related to the fair value of these loans as an increase in prepayment speeds results in a decreased valuation. For delinquent loans in which performance is not assumed and there is a higher probability of resolution of the loan ending in foreclosure, the weighted average life of such loans was 5.9 years. Average life is inversely related to the fair value of these loans as an increase in estimated life results in a decreased valuation. Additionally, the weighted average credit discount used as an input to value the specific loans was 1.07% with credit loss discounts ranging from 0%-39% at September 30, 2024.

MSRs—Fair value for MSRs is determined utilizing a valuation model which calculates the fair value of each servicing right based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. The Company uses a discount rate commensurate with the risk associated with each servicing right, given current market conditions. At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $186.3 million of MSRs as Level 3. The weighted average discount rate used as an input to value the pool of MSRs at September 30, 2024 was 10.96% with discount rates applied ranging from 6%-20%. The higher the rate utilized to discount estimated future cash flows, the lower the fair value measurement. The fair value of MSRs was also estimated based on other assumptions including prepayment speeds and the cost to service. Prepayment speeds ranged from 6%-90% or a weighted average prepayment speed of 9.21%. Further, for current and delinquent loans, the Company assumed a weighted average cost of servicing of $76 and $386, respectively, per loan. Prepayment speeds and the cost to service are both inversely related to the fair value of MSRs as an increase in prepayment speeds or the cost to service results in a decreased valuation. See Note (9) “Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”)” in Item 1 of this report for further discussion of MSRs.

Derivative instruments—The Company’s derivative instruments include interest rate swaps, caps and collars, commitments to fund mortgages for sale into the secondary market (interest rate locks), forward commitments to end investors for the sale of mortgage loans, commodity future contracts and foreign currency contracts. Interest rate swaps, caps and collars and commodity future contracts are valued by a third party, using models that primarily use market observable inputs, such as yield curves and commodity prices prevailing at the measurement date, and are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements is measured on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. The fair value for mortgage-related derivatives is based on changes in mortgage rates from the date of the commitments. The fair value of foreign currency derivatives is computed based on change in foreign currency rates stated in the contract compared to those prevailing at the measurement date.

At September 30, 2024, the Company classified $5.1 million of derivative assets related to interest rate locks as Level 3. The fair value of interest rate locks is based on prices obtained for loans with similar characteristics from third parties, adjusted for the pull-through rate, which represents the Company’s best estimate of the likelihood that a committed loan will ultimately fund. The weighted-average pull-through rate at September 30, 2024 was 80.71% with pull-through rates applied ranging from 1% to 100%. Pull-through rates are directly related to the fair value of interest rate locks as an increase in the pull-through rate results in an increased valuation.

Nonqualified deferred compensation assets—The underlying assets relating to the nonqualified deferred compensation plan are included in a trust and primarily consist of non-exchange traded institutional funds which are priced based by an independent third party service. These assets are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods presented:

	September 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	98,323	$	98,323	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	47,654		—		47,654		—
Municipal	200,212		—		64,962		135,250
Corporate notes	80,117		—		80,117		—
Mortgage-backed	3,485,926		—		3,485,926		—
Trading account securities	3,472		—		3,472		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310		117,244		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	461,067		—		402,004		59,063
Loans held-for-investment	138,038		—		93,263		44,775
MSRs	186,308		—		—		186,308
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756		—		16,756		—
Derivative assets	255,662		—		250,520		5,142
Total	$	5,098,845	$	215,567	$	4,452,740	$	430,538
Derivative liabilities	$	199,339	$	—	$	199,339	$	—

	December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	6,968	$	6,968	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	45,124		—		45,124		—
Municipal	140,958		—		54,721		86,237
Corporate notes	76,531		—		76,531		—
Mortgage-backed	3,233,334		—		3,233,334		—
Trading account securities	4,707		—		4,707		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	139,268		131,202		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	292,722		—		265,887		26,835
Loans held-for-investment	155,261		—		94,591		60,670
MSRs	192,456		—		—		192,456
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	15,238		—		15,238		—
Derivative assets	275,726		—		271,216		4,510
Total	$	4,578,293	$	138,170	$	4,069,415	$	370,708
Derivative liabilities	$	267,255	$	—	$	267,255	$	—

	September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	4,931	$	4,931	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	72,430		—		72,430		—
Municipal	168,523		—		55,304		113,219
Corporate notes	76,606		—		76,606		—
Mortgage-backed	3,289,345		—		3,289,345		—
Trading account securities	1,663		—		1,663		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	134,310		126,244		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	304,808		—		279,621		25,187
Loans held-for-investment	171,178		—		113,217		57,961
MSRs	210,524		—		—		210,524
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	14,449		—		14,449		—
Derivative assets	323,705		—		321,189		2,516
Total	$	4,772,472	$	131,175	$	4,231,890	$	409,407
Derivative liabilities	$	458,706	$	—	$	458,706	$	—

The aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 for mortgage loans held-for-sale measured at fair value under ASC 825 was $462.2 million, $291.7 million and $308.5 million, respectively, while the aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held-for-sale was $461.1 million, $292.7 million and $304.8 million, for the same respective periods, as shown in the above tables. At September 30, 2024, $2.4 million of mortgage loans held-for-sale were classified as nonaccrual compared to $649,000 as of December 31, 2023 and $619,000 as of September 30, 2023. Additionally, there were $58.4 million of loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing in the mortgage loans held-for-sale portfolio as of September 30, 2024 compared to $26.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and $23.7 million as of September 30, 2023. All of the nonaccrual loans and loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing within the mortgage loans held-for-sale portfolio at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023, and September 30, 2023 were individual delinquent mortgage loans bought back from GNMA at the unconditional option of the Company as servicer for those loans.

The aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 for loans held-for-investment measured at fair value under ASC 825 was $138.8 million, $156.9 million and $171.9 million, respectively, while the aggregate fair value of loans held-for-investment was $138.0 million, $155.3 million and $171.2 million, respectively, as shown in the above tables.

The changes in Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at July 1, 2024	$	95,792	$	40,545	$	45,721	$	204,610	$	4,795
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		126		381		(18,302)		347
Other comprehensive income or loss	968		—		—		—		—
Purchases	38,490		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		(8,078)		(7,924)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		26,470		6,597		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	135,250	$	59,063	$	44,775	$	186,308	$	5,142

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at July 1, 2023	$	114,155	$	29,406	$	61,123	$	200,692	$	3,487
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		626		(260)		9,832		(971)
Other comprehensive income or loss	(1,614)		—		—		—		—
Purchases	678		—		—		—		—
Sales	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		(18,454)		(16,852)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		13,609		13,950		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	113,219	$	25,187	$	57,961	$	210,524	$	2,516

(1)Changes in the balance of mortgage loans held-for-sale, MSRs, and derivative assets related to fair value adjustments are recorded as components of mortgage banking revenue. Changes in the balance of loans held-for-investment related to fair value adjustments are recorded as other non-interest income.

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative Assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	86,237	$	26,835	$	60,670	$	192,456	$	4,510
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		398		130		(6,148)		632
Other comprehensive income or loss	(1,700)		—		—		—		—
Purchases	56,556		—		—		—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—		—
Sales	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	(5,843)		(28,687)		(31,436)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		60,517		15,411		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	135,250	$	59,063	$	44,775	$	186,308	$	5,142

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative Assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	117,537	$	48,655	$	84,165	$	230,225	$	1,711
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		1,494		(515)		10,469		805
Other comprehensive income or loss	(6,437)		—		—		—		—
Purchases	12,074		—		—		—		—
Sales	—		—		—		(30,170)		—
Settlements	(9,955)		(61,046)		(53,767)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		36,084		28,078		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	113,219	$	25,187	$	57,961	$	210,524	$	2,516

(1)Changes in the balance of mortgage loans held-for-sale, MSRs and derivative assets related to fair value adjustments are recorded as components of mortgage banking revenue. Changes in the balance of loans held-for-investment related to fair value adjustments are recorded as other non-interest income.

Also, the Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from impairment charges on individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis that were still held in the balance sheet at the end of the period, the following table provides the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at September 30, 2024:

	September 30, 2024								Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Fair Value Losses Recognized, net		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Fair Value Losses Recognized, net
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	$	124,586	$	—	$	—	$	124,586	$	22,908	$	64,747
Other real estate owned (1)	13,682		—		—		13,682		—		207
Total	$	138,268	$	—	$	—	$	138,268	$	22,908	$	64,954

(1)Net fair value losses recognized on other real estate owned include valuation adjustments and charge-offs during the respective period.

Individually assessed loans—In accordance with ASC 326, the allowance for credit losses for loans and other financial assets held at amortized cost should be measured on a collective or pooled basis when such assets exhibit similar risk characteristics. In instances in which a financial asset does not exhibit similar risk characteristics to a pool, the Company is required to measure such allowance for credit losses on an individual asset basis. For the Company’s loan portfolio, nonaccrual loans are considered to not exhibit similar risk characteristics as pools and thus are individually assessed. Credit losses are measured by estimating the fair value of the loan based on the present value of expected cash flows, the market price of the loan, or the fair value of the underlying collateral. Individually assessed loans are considered a fair value measurement where an allowance for credit loss is established based on the fair value of collateral. Appraised values on relevant real estate properties, which may require adjustments to market-based valuation inputs, are generally used on foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent loans within the real estate portfolios.

The Company’s Managed Assets Division is primarily responsible for the valuation of Level 3 inputs of individually assessed loans. For more information on individually assessed loans refer to Note (7) “Allowance for Credit Losses” in Item 1 of this report. At September 30, 2024, the Company had $124.6 million of individually assessed loans classified as Level 3. All of the $124.6 million of individually assessed loans were measured at fair value based on the underlying collateral of the loan as shown in the table above.

Other real estate owned —Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired in partial or full satisfaction of loans and is included in other assets. Other real estate owned is recorded at its estimated fair value less estimated selling costs at the date of transfer, with any excess of the related loan balance over the fair value less expected selling costs charged to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent changes in value are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount and are recorded in other non-interest expense. Gains and losses upon sale, if any, are also charged to other non-interest expense. Fair value is generally based on third party appraisals and internal estimates that are adjusted by a discount representing the estimated cost of sale and is therefore considered a Level 3 valuation.

The Company’s Managed Assets Division is primarily responsible for the valuation of Level 3 inputs for other real estate owned. At September 30, 2024, the Company had $13.7 million of other real estate owned classified as Level 3. The unobservable input applied to other real estate owned relates to the 10% reduction to the appraisal value representing the estimated cost of sale of the foreclosed property. A higher discount for the estimated cost of sale results in a decreased carrying value.

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure both recurring and non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at September 30, 2024 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Significant Unobservable Input	Input / Range of Inputs	Weighted Average of Inputs			Impact to valuation from an increased or higher input value
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Municipal securities	$	135,250	Bond pricing	Equivalent rating	BBB-AA+	N/A			Increase
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	59,063		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	6.14%	6.14%			Decrease
				Credit discount	0% - 14%	0.52%			Decrease
Loans held-for-investment	44,775		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	6.12% - 6.14%	6.14%			Decrease
				Credit discount	0% - 39%	1.07%			Decrease
				Constant prepayment rate (CPR) - current loans	9.21%	9.21%			Decrease
				Average life - delinquent loans (in years)	1.4 years - 11.3 years	5.9 years			Decrease
MSRs	186,308		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	6% - 20%	10.96%			Decrease
				Constant prepayment rate (CPR)	6% - 90%	9.21%			Decrease
				Cost of servicing	$70 - $200	$	76		Decrease
				Cost of servicing - delinquent	$200 - 1,000	$	386		Decrease
Derivatives	5,142		Discounted cash flows	Pull-through rate	1% - 100%	80.71		%	Increase
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,586		Appraisal value	Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale	10%	10.00%			Decrease
Other real estate owned	13,682		Appraisal value	Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale	10%	10.00%			Decrease

The Company is required under applicable accounting guidance to report the fair value of all financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Condition, including those financial instruments carried at cost. The table below presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of the dates shown:

	At September 30, 2024				At December 31, 2023				At September 30, 2023
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
(In thousands)	Value		Value		Value		Value		Value		Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	731,128	$	731,128	$	423,464	$	423,464	$	418,148	$	418,148
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	3,648,117		3,648,117		2,084,323		2,084,323		2,448,570		2,448,570
Available-for-sale securities	3,912,232		3,912,232		3,502,915		3,502,915		3,611,835		3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities	3,677,420		3,121,820		3,856,916		3,215,468		3,909,150		3,057,959
Trading account securities	3,472		3,472		4,707		4,707		1,663		1,663
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310		125,310		139,268		139,268		134,310		134,310
FHLB and FRB stock, at cost	266,908		266,908		205,003		205,003		204,040		204,040
Brokerage customer receivables	16,662		16,662		10,592		10,592		14,042		14,042
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	461,067		461,067		292,722		292,722		304,808		304,808
Loans held-for-investment, at fair value	138,038		138,038		155,261		155,261		171,178		171,178
Loans held-for-investment, at amortized cost	46,929,409		46,081,849		41,976,570		41,090,010		41,274,854		40,300,208
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756		16,756		15,238		15,238		14,449		14,449
Derivative assets	255,662		255,662		275,726		275,726		323,705		323,705
Accrued interest receivable and other	588,594		588,594		477,832		477,832		465,117		465,117
Total financial assets	$	60,770,775	$	59,367,615	$	53,420,537	$	51,892,529	$	53,295,869	$	51,470,032
Financial Liabilities
Non-maturity deposits	$	41,406,393	$	41,406,393	$	38,772,098	$	38,772,098	$	38,204,017	$	38,204,017
Time certificates of deposit	9,998,573		9,985,778		6,625,072		6,603,746		6,788,669		6,744,989
FHLB advances	3,171,309		3,334,183		2,326,071		2,367,107		2,326,071		2,189,101
Other borrowings	647,043		646,272		645,813		643,755		643,999		641,514
Subordinated notes	298,188		289,260		437,866		413,501		437,731		400,520
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566		253,662		253,566		253,579		253,566		253,568
Derivative liabilities	199,339		199,339		267,255		267,255		458,706		458,706
Accrued interest payable	75,254		75,254		51,116		51,116		54,383		54,383
Total financial liabilities	$	56,049,665	$	56,190,141	$	49,378,857	$	49,372,157	$	49,167,142	$	48,946,798

Not all the financial instruments listed in the table above are subject to the disclosure provisions of ASC Topic 820, as certain assets and liabilities result in their carrying value approximating fair value. These include cash and cash equivalents, interest-bearing deposits with banks, brokerage customer receivables, FHLB and FRB stock, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable and non-maturity deposits.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair values of financial instruments that were not previously disclosed.

Held-to-maturity securities. Held-to-maturity securities include U.S. government-sponsored agency securities, municipal bonds issued by various municipal government entities primarily located in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin and mortgage-backed securities. Fair values for held-to-maturity securities are typically based on prices obtained from independent pricing vendors. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has generally categorized these held-to-maturity securities as a Level 2 fair value measurement. Fair values for certain other held-to-maturity securities are based on the bond pricing methodology discussed previously related to certain available-for-sale securities. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized these held-to-maturity securities as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Loans held-for-investment, at amortized cost. Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are analyzed by type such as commercial, residential real estate, etc. Each category is further segmented by interest rate type (fixed and variable). The fair value for loans is estimated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect credit and interest rate risks inherent in the loan category. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized these loans as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Time certificates of deposit. The fair value of time certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently in effect for time certificates of deposit. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized time certificates of deposit as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

FHLB advances. The fair value of FHLB advances is estimated by a discounted cash flow analysis based on current market rates of similar maturity debt securities to discount cash flows. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized FHLB advances as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Subordinated notes. The fair value of the subordinated notes is based on a market price obtained from an independent pricing vendor. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized subordinated notes as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Junior subordinated debentures. The fair value of the junior subordinated debentures is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized junior subordinated debentures as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

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Stock-Based Compensation Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

As of September 30, 2024, approximately 659,000 shares were available for future grants, assuming the maximum number of shares are issued for the performance awards outstanding, approved under the Company Stock Incentive Plans (“the Plans”). Descriptions of the Plans are included in Note (18) “Stock Compensation Plans and Other Employee Benefit Plans” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income was $9.5 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $8.1 million in the third quarter of 2023, and $27.6 million and $24.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

A summary of the Plans’ stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is presented below:

Stock Options	Common Shares	Weighted Average Strike Price		Remaining Contractual Term (1)	Intrinsic Value (2) (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2024	13,100	$	42.76
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(775)	32.26
Forfeited or canceled	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	12,325	$	43.42	3.7	$	802
Exercisable at September 30, 2024	12,325	$	43.42	3.7	$	802

Stock Options	Common Shares	Weighted Average Strike Price		Remaining Contractual Term (1)	Intrinsic Value (2) (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	68,093	$	41.14
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(54,218)	40.87
Forfeited or canceled	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	13,875	$	42.18	4.2	$	462
Exercisable at September 30, 2023	13,875	$	42.18	4.2	$	462

(1)Represents the remaining weighted average contractual life in years.

(2)Aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the Company’s stock price on the last trading day of the quarter and the option exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders if they had exercised their options on the last day of the quarter. Options with exercise prices above the stock price on the last trading day of the quarter are excluded from the calculation of intrinsic value. The intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, was approximately $50,000 and $2.5 million, respectively. Cash received from option exercises under the Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 was approximately $25,000 and $2.2 million, respectively.

A summary of the Plans’ restricted share activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is presented below:

	Nine months ended September 30, 2024			Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Restricted Shares	Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1	746,123	$	79.60	610,155	$	73.21
Granted	405,506	99.78		268,142	88.18
Vested and issued	(238,002)	70.14		(117,365)	65.51
Forfeited or canceled	(17,885)	92.77		(12,491)	83.47
Outstanding at September 30	895,742	$	90.99	748,441	$	79.61
Vested, but deferred, at September 30	100,281	$	54.19	98,747	$	53.46

A summary of the Plans’ performance-based stock award activity, based on the target level of the awards, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is presented below:

	Nine months ended September 30, 2024			Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Performance-based Stock	Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1	553,026	$	79.69	545,379	$	70.30
Granted	111,398	100.44		189,219	92.37
Added by performance factor at vesting	96,952	58.78		23,161	63.64
Vested and issued	(296,243)	58.76		(178,203)	63.64
Forfeited or canceled	(5,304)	95.77		(19,289)	82.14
Outstanding at September 30	459,829	$	93.61	560,267	$	79.18
Vested, but deferred, at September 30	21,688	$	44.21	36,465	$	45.08

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss and Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss and Earnings Per Share

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss and Earnings Per Share

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss

The following tables summarize the components of other comprehensive income or loss, including the related income tax effects, and the related amount reclassified to net income for the periods presented:

(In thousands)	Accumulated Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Securities		Accumulated Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments		Accumulated Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance at July 1, 2024	$	(424,172)	$	(36,304)	$	(51,722)	$	(512,198)
Other comprehensive income during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	124,478		77,308		3,204		204,990
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(39)		15,080		—		15,041
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(10)		—		—		(10)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax	$	124,429	$	92,388	$	3,204	$	220,021
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(299,743)	$	56,084	$	(48,518)	$	(292,177)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	(350,697)	$	32,049	$	(42,583)	$	(361,231)
Other comprehensive income or loss during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	51,916		(20,715)		(5,935)		25,266
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(905)		44,750		—		43,845
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(57)		—		—		(57)
Net other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax	$	50,954	$	24,035	$	(5,935)	$	69,054
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(299,743)	$	56,084	$	(48,518)	$	(292,177)

Balance at July 1, 2023	$	(385,925)	$	(45,259)	$	(42,906)	$	(474,090)
Other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	(130,622)		(45,078)		(6,270)		(181,970)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(118)		13,478		—		13,360
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(23)		—		—		(23)
Net other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax	$	(130,763)	$	(31,600)	$	(6,270)	$	(168,633)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(516,688)	$	(76,859)	$	(49,176)	$	(642,723)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(386,057)	$	7,381	$	(48,960)	$	(427,636)
Other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	(130,028)		(110,931)		(216)		(241,175)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(528)		26,691		—		26,163
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(75)		—		—		(75)
Net other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax	$	(130,631)	$	(84,240)	$	(216)	$	(215,087)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(516,688)	$	(76,859)	$	(49,176)	$	(642,723)

(In thousands)	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the
Details Regarding the Component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Impacted Line on the Consolidated Statements of Income
	September 30,				September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Accumulated unrealized gains on securities
Gains included in net income	$	45	$	158	$	1,223	$	720	Gains (losses) on investment securities, net
	45		158		1,223		720		Income before taxes
Tax effect	(6)		(40)		(318)		(192)		Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	39	$	118	$	905	$	528	Net income
Accumulated unrealized gains on derivative instruments
Amount reclassified to interest income on loans	$	23,704	$	22,768	$	72,027	$	50,501	Interest on Loans
Amount reclassified to interest expense on deposits	$	(3,325)	$	(4,657)	$	(11,307)	$	(14,902)	Interest on deposits
Amount reclassified to interest expense on other borrowings	—		263		—		789		Interest on other borrowings
	(20,379)		(18,374)		(60,720)		(36,388)		Income before taxes
Tax effect	5,299		4,896		15,970		9,697		Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(15,080)	$	(13,478)	$	(44,750)	$	(26,691)	Net income

Earnings per Share

The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated:

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net income		$	170,001	$	164,198	$	509,683	$	499,146
Less: Preferred stock dividends		6,991		6,991		20,973		20,973
Net income applicable to common shares	(A)	$	163,010	$	157,207	$	488,710	$	478,173
Weighted average common shares outstanding	(B)	64,888		61,213		62,743		61,119
Effect of dilutive potential common shares
Common stock equivalents		1,053		964		934		888
Weighted average common shares and effect of dilutive potential common shares	(C)	65,941		62,177		63,677		62,007
Net income per common share:
Basic	(A/B)	$	2.51	$	2.57	$	7.79	$	7.82
Diluted	(A/C)	$	2.47	$	2.53	$	7.67	$	7.71

Potentially dilutive common shares can result from stock options, restricted stock unit awards and shares to be issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the Directors Deferred Fee and Stock Plan, being treated as if they had been either exercised or issued, computed by application of the treasury stock method. While potentially dilutive common shares are typically included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from this computation in periods in which the effect of inclusion would either reduce the loss per share or increase the income per share.

At the January 2024 meeting of the board of directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”), a quarterly cash dividend of $0.45 per share ($1.80 on an annualized basis) was declared. It was paid on February 22, 2024 to shareholders of record as of February 8, 2024. At the April 2024 meeting of the Board of Directors, a quarterly cash dividend of $0.45 per share ($1.80 on an annualized basis) was declared. It was paid on May 23, 2024 to shareholders of record as of May 9, 2024. At the July 2024 meeting of the Board of Directors, a quarterly cash dividend of $0.45 ($1.80 on an annualized basis) was declared. It was paid on August 22, 2024 to shareholders of record as of August 8, 2024.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 170,001	$ 164,198	$ 509,683	$ 499,146

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

The interim consolidated financial statements of Wintrust Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Wintrust” or the “Company”) presented herein are unaudited, but in the opinion of management, reflect all necessary adjustments of a normal or recurring nature for a fair presentation of results as of the dates and for the periods covered by the interim consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited and do not include information or footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”). Operating results reported for the period are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire year. Reclassifications of certain prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Management believes that the estimates made are reasonable; however, changes in estimates may be required if economic or other conditions develop differently from management’s expectations. Certain policies and accounting principles inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. Management views critical accounting policies to be those which are highly dependent on subjective or complex judgments, estimates and assumptions, and where changes in those estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the financial statements. Management currently views the determination of the allowance for credit losses, including the allowance for loan losses, the allowance for unfunded commitment losses and the allowance for held-to-maturity securities losses, estimations of fair value, the valuations required for impairment testing of goodwill, the valuation and accounting for derivative instruments and income taxes as the accounting areas that require the most subjective and complex judgments, and as such could be the most subject to revision as new information becomes available. Descriptions of the Company’s significant accounting policies are included in Note (1) “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2023 Form 10-K. In preparation of these financial statements, subsequent events were evaluated through the time the financial statements were issued. Financial statements are considered issued when they are widely distributed to all shareholders and other financial statement users or filed with the SEC.

Recent Accounting Developments

Equity Method and Joint Ventures - Investments in Tax Credit Structures

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method,” which allows reporting entities the option to apply the proportional amortization method to other tax credit programs besides the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit structures. The guidance requires application of the proportional amortization method on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than electing the method at the reporting level entity level. The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-02 as of January 1, 2024. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Segment Reporting

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” to enhance public entity disclosures regarding significant segment expenses which are regularly reported to an entity’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) and included in a segment’s reported profit or loss. This ASU requires disclosure of the amount and composition of “other segment items,” the title and position of the CODM, and how the CODM uses reported measures of profit or loss to assess segment performance. Further, the guidance requires certain segment disclosures previously provided only annually, on an interim basis. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This ASU requires annually that all entities disclose increasingly disaggregated information on amount of income taxes paid. Further, this ASU requires annually that all public entities must disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a specific quantitative threshold. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and is to be applied either on a prospective basis or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Compensation – Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-01, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards” which clarifies the guidance by providing an illustrative example to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance in Topic 718 when determining whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718. For public business entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein, and is to be applied either on a prospective basis or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Company considers cash and cash equivalents to include cash on hand, cash items in the process of collection, non-interest bearing amounts due from correspondent banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of three months or less. These items are included within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as cash and due from banks, and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.

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Investment Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Investment Securities

The following tables are a summary of the investment securities portfolios as of the dates shown:

	September 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	98,151	$	172	$	—	$	98,323
U.S. government agencies	50,000		—		(2,346)		47,654
Municipal	201,701		1,392		(2,881)		200,212
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	83,997		—		(4,880)		79,117
Other	1,000		—		—		1,000
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	3,694,382		8,143		(394,844)		3,307,681
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	19,088		308		(255)		19,141
Collateralized mortgage obligations	172,524		1,537		(14,957)		159,104
Total available-for-sale securities	$	4,320,843	$	11,552	$	(420,163)	$	3,912,232
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. government agencies	$	314,578	$	—	$	(56,198)	$	258,380
Municipal	165,141		488		(2,910)		162,719
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,915,018		5,541		(485,115)		2,435,444
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	6,379		40		(126)		6,293
Collateralized mortgage obligations	219,758		1,457		(17,303)		203,912
Corporate notes	57,025		—		(1,953)		55,072
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,677,899	$	7,526	$	(563,605)	$	3,121,820
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(479)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,677,420
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	127,700	$	4,313	$	(6,703)	$	125,310

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	6,960	$	8	$	—	$	6,968
U.S. government agencies	50,000		—		(4,876)		45,124
Municipal	144,299		657		(3,998)		140,958
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	83,996		—		(8,456)		75,540
Other	1,000		—		(9)		991
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential Mortgage-backed securities	3,505,012		1,392		(446,784)		3,059,620
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	13,201		68		(289)		12,980
Collateralized mortgage obligations	175,346		1,400		(16,012)		160,734
Total available-for-sale securities	$	3,979,814	$	3,525	$	(480,424)	$	3,502,915
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. government agencies	$	336,468	$	—	$	(67,058)	$	269,410
Municipal	172,933		565		(3,778)		169,720
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential Mortgage-backed securities	3,042,828		1,922		(549,265)		2,495,485
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	6,415		—		(184)		6,231
Collateralized mortgage obligations	241,075		978		(21,502)		220,551
Corporate notes	57,544		7		(3,480)		54,071
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,857,263	$	3,472	$	(645,267)	$	3,215,468
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(347)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,856,916
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	143,312	$	3,500	$	(7,544)	$	139,268

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	4,930	$	1	$	—	$	4,931
U.S. government agencies	80,000		—		(7,570)		72,430
Municipal	177,208		49		(8,734)		168,523
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	83,995		—		(8,368)		75,627
Other	1,000		—		(21)		979
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Mortgage-backed securities	3,862,871		—		(656,135)		3,206,736
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	13,179		—		(802)		12,377
Collateralized mortgage obligations	92,540		—		(22,308)		70,232
Total available-for-sale securities	$	4,315,723	$	50	$	(703,938)	$	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. government agencies	$	339,598	$	—	$	(87,897)	$	251,701
Municipal	176,262		123		(11,230)		165,155
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Mortgage-backed securities	3,082,314		—		(717,444)		2,364,870
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	6,425		—		(477)		5,948
Collateralized mortgage obligations	247,215		—		(29,798)		217,417
Corporate notes	57,717		—		(4,849)		52,868
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,909,531	$	123	$	(851,695)	$	3,057,959
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(381)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,909,150
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	140,749	$	3,290	$	(9,729)	$	134,310

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

Schedule of Available-for-sale Investment Securities Portfolios

The following table presents the portion of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities portfolios that have gross unrealized losses, reflecting the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024:

	Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months				Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	—		—		47,654		(2,346)		47,654		(2,346)
Municipal	10,111		(54)		68,124		(2,827)		78,235		(2,881)
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	—		—		79,117		(4,880)		79,117		(4,880)
Other	—		—		1,000		—		1,000		—
Mortgage-backed: (1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	98,365		(1,252)		2,292,584		(393,592)		2,390,949		(394,844)
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities	2,999		(20)		3,295		(235)		6,294		(255)
Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—		71,277		(14,957)		71,277		(14,957)
Total available-for-sale securities	$	111,475	$	(1,326)	$	2,563,051	$	(418,837)	$	2,674,526	$	(420,163)

(1)None of our mortgage-backed securities are subprime.

Schedule of Gross Gains and Gross Losses Realized and Impairment on Investment Securities

The following table provides information as to the amount of gross gains and losses, adjustments and impairment on investment securities recognized in earnings and proceeds received through the sale or call of investment securities:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Realized gains on investment securities	$	222	$	225	$	2,582	$	836
Realized losses on investment securities	(144)		(9)		(273)		(60)
Net realized gains on investment securities	78		216		2,309		776
Unrealized gains on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	3,126		10		4,234		2,984
Unrealized losses on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	(15)		(2,094)		(2,579)		(4,230)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	3,111		(2,084)		1,655		(1,246)
Impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	—		(489)		(3,731)		(489)
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	$	3,189	$	(2,357)	$	233	$	(959)

Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Investment Securities

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown in the following table. Contractual maturities may differ from actual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary as actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the underlying mortgages may be called or prepaid without penalties:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023				September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
Due in one year or less	$	150,539	$	150,627	$	53,162	$	52,945	$	99,892	$	99,525
Due in one to five years	168,856		164,650		132,348		123,985		139,623		130,036
Due in five to ten years	91,620		89,220		82,040		76,869		43,199		38,074
Due after ten years	23,834		21,809		18,705		15,782		64,419		54,855
Mortgage-backed	3,885,994		3,485,926		3,693,559		3,233,334		3,968,590		3,289,345
Total available-for-sale securities	$	4,320,843	$	3,912,232	$	3,979,814	$	3,502,915	$	4,315,723	$	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities
Due in one year or less	$	12,026	$	11,883	$	5,169	$	5,142	$	2,248	$	2,241
Due in one to five years	110,330		108,416		109,602		105,835		103,104		96,546
Due in five to ten years	84,580		83,918		99,700		98,718		106,042		100,215
Due after ten years	329,808		271,954		352,474		283,506		362,183		270,722
Mortgage-backed	3,141,155		2,645,649		3,290,318		2,722,267		3,335,954		2,588,235
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	3,677,899	$	3,121,820	$	3,857,263	$	3,215,468	$	3,909,531	$	3,057,959
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(479)				(347)				(381)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	3,677,420			$	3,856,916			$	3,909,150

XML

Loans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Loan Portfolio

The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio by category as of the dates shown:

	September 30,			December 31,			September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2023
Balance:
Commercial	$	15,247,693		$	12,832,053		$	12,725,473
Commercial real estate	12,793,417			11,344,164			10,946,180
Home equity	427,043			343,976			343,258
Residential real estate	3,388,038			2,769,666			2,707,603
Premium finance receivables—property & casualty	7,131,681			6,903,529			6,722,747
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	7,996,899			7,877,943			7,931,808
Consumer and other	82,676			60,500			68,963
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	47,067,447		$	42,131,831		$	41,446,032
Mix:
Commercial	33		%	30		%	31		%
Commercial real estate	27			27			26
Home equity	1			1			1
Residential real estate	7			7			7
Premium finance receivables—property & casualty	15			16			16
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	17			19			19
Consumer and other	0			0			0
Total loans, net of unearned income	100		%	100		%	100		%

Schedule of Financing Receivable, Purchased with Credit Deterioration

The following table provides estimated details as of the date of acquisition on PCD loans acquired in 2024:

(In thousands)	Macatawa
Contractually required payments (unpaid principal balance)	$	169,472
Allowance for credit losses	(3,004)
Discount, net of any premium	(4,529)
Purchase price of PCD loans acquired	$	161,939

XML

Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Schedule of Aging of the Company's Loan Portfolio

The tables below show the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio by the segmentation noted above at September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

As of September 30, 2024			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	63,826	$	20	$	32,560	$	46,057	$	15,105,230	$	15,247,693
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	2,284		—		757		1,798		2,398,851		2,403,690
Non-construction	39,787		225		12,682		46,548		10,290,485		10,389,727
Home equity	1,122		—		1,035		2,580		422,306		427,043
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	17,959		—		6,364		2,160		3,226,166		3,252,649
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	36,079		18,235		18,740		30,204		7,028,423		7,131,681
Life insurance loans	—		—		10,902		74,432		7,911,565		7,996,899
Consumer and other	2		148		22		264		82,240		82,676
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	161,059	$	18,628	$	83,062	$	204,043	$	46,465,266	$	46,932,058
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	—		43,358		150		—		91,881		135,389
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	161,059	$	61,986	$	83,212	$	204,043	$	46,557,147	$	47,067,447

As of December 31, 2023			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	38,940	$	98	$	19,488	$	85,743	$	12,687,784	$	12,832,053
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	2,205		—		251		1,343		2,080,242		2,084,041
Non-construction	33,254		—		8,264		19,291		9,199,314		9,260,123
Home equity	1,341		—		62		2,263		340,310		343,976
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	15,391		—		2,325		22,942		2,578,425		2,619,083
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	27,590		20,135		23,236		50,437		6,782,131		6,903,529
Life insurance loans	—		—		16,206		45,464		7,816,273		7,877,943
Consumer and other	22		54		25		165		60,234		60,500
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	118,743	$	20,287	$	69,857	$	227,648	$	41,544,713	$	41,981,248
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	—		57,688		250		328		92,317		150,583
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	118,743	$	77,975	$	70,107	$	227,976	$	41,637,030	$	42,131,831

(1)Early buy-out loans are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, subject to indemnifications and insurance limits for certain loans.

As of September 30, 2023			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	43,569	$	200	$	22,889	$	35,681	$	12,623,134	$	12,725,473
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	8,384		—		2,438		31,292		1,851,659		1,893,773
Non-construction	8,659		1,092		4,957		29,692		9,008,007		9,052,407
Home equity	1,363		—		219		1,668		340,008		343,258
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	16,103		—		1,145		904		2,520,478		2,538,630
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	26,756		16,253		16,552		31,919		6,631,267		6,722,747
Life insurance loans	—		10,679		41,894		14,972		7,864,263		7,931,808
Consumer and other	16		27		196		519		68,205		68,963
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	104,850	$	28,251	$	90,290	$	146,647	$	40,907,021	$	41,277,059
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	117		57,558		2,116		—		109,182		168,973
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	104,967	$	85,809	$	92,406	$	146,647	$	41,016,203	$	41,446,032

(1)Early buy-out loans are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, subject to indemnifications and insurance limits for certain loans.

Schedule of Loan Portfolio by Credit Quality Indicator

The table below shows the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and year of origination at September 30, 2024:

	Year of Origination														Revolving		Total
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving		to Term		Loans
Loan Balances:
Commercial, industrial and other
Pass	$	2,460,772	$	2,366,998	$	1,841,838	$	1,219,759	$	463,726	$	1,115,942	$	5,053,494	$	13,568	$	14,536,097
Special mention	6,148		68,788		72,908		80,229		13,257		17,456		164,169		1,474		424,429
Substandard accrual	3,789		47,800		42,374		29,408		7,256		13,029		79,030		655		223,341
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	500		5,536		6,980		9,331		1,084		8,547		31,619		229		63,826
Total commercial, industrial and other	$	2,471,209	$	2,489,122	$	1,964,100	$	1,338,727	$	485,323	$	1,154,974	$	5,328,312	$	15,926	$	15,247,693
Construction and development
Pass	$	196,556	$	573,342	$	965,654	$	289,324	$	95,193	$	149,561	$	17,560	$	—	$	2,287,190

Special mention	—		417		14,990		—		—		14,794		3,780		—		33,981
Substandard accrual	—		757		18,999		1,102		1,777		57,600		—		—		80,235
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		251		—		—		2,033		—		—		—		2,284
Total construction and development	$	196,556	$	574,767	$	999,643	$	290,426	$	99,003	$	221,955	$	21,340	$	—	$	2,403,690
Non-construction
Pass	$	1,078,671	$	1,527,560	$	1,934,856	$	1,460,051	$	933,785	$	2,929,344	$	217,237	$	2,144	$	10,083,648
Special mention	3,613		13,006		29,415		35,222		5,298		51,144		1,688		—		139,386
Substandard accrual	158		3,876		14,103		31,573		29,718		47,478		—		—		126,906
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		1,173		453		586		—		37,575		—		—		39,787
Total non-construction	$	1,082,442	$	1,545,615	$	1,978,827	$	1,527,432	$	968,801	$	3,065,541	$	218,925	$	2,144	$	10,389,727
Home equity
Pass	$	70	$	—	$	45	$	175	$	—	$	6,771	$	398,843	$	4,608	$	410,512
Special mention	—		48		220		59		119		2,871		6,172		454		9,943
Substandard accrual	—		16		—		—		57		4,836		541		16		5,466
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		497		135		—		402		—		88		1,122
Total home equity	$	70	$	64	$	762	$	369	$	176	$	14,880	$	405,556	$	5,166	$	427,043
Residential real estate
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	4,594	$	3,743	$	3,759	$	5,206	$	118,087	$	—	$	—	$	135,389
Pass	584,491		535,419		834,543		774,793		211,510		258,425		—		—		3,199,181
Special mention	250		2,846		9,093		2,063		577		9,928		—		—		24,757
Substandard accrual	24		585		3,401		906		1,122		4,714		—		—		10,752
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	160		1,073		4,436		4,624		1,227		6,439		—		—		17,959
Total residential real estate	$	584,925	$	544,517	$	855,216	$	786,145	$	219,642	$	397,593	$	—	$	—	$	3,388,038
Premium finance receivables - property and casualty
Pass	$	6,827,867	$	169,649	$	—	$	6,351	$	71	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,003,938
Special mention	85,094		3,442		64		2		—		—		—		—		88,602
Substandard accrual	1,749		1,308		1		4		—		—		—		—		3,062
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	18,543		17,249		274		12		1		—		—		—		36,079
Total premium finance receivables - property and casualty	$	6,933,253	$	191,648	$	339	$	6,369	$	72	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,131,681
Premium finance receivables - life
Pass	$	1,232,306	$	6,740,906	$	3,929	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,977,141
Special mention	—		8,188		—		—		—		—		—		—		8,188
Substandard accrual	7,514		4,056		—		—		—		—		—		—		11,570
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total premium finance receivables - life	$	1,239,820	$	6,753,150	$	3,929	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,996,899
Consumer and other
Pass	$	3,319	$	3,545	$	839	$	983	$	88	$	16,145	$	57,448	$	—	$	82,367
Special mention	17		9		8		5		—		136		6		—		181
Substandard accrual	—		4		87		—		—		26		9		—		126
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		1		1		—		—		—		—		2
Total consumer and other	$	3,336	$	3,558	$	935	$	989	$	88	$	16,307	$	57,463	$	—	$	82,676
Total loans
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	4,594	$	3,743	$	3,759	$	5,206	$	118,087	$	—	$	—	$	135,389
Pass	12,384,052		11,917,419		5,581,704		3,751,436		1,704,373		4,476,188		5,744,582		20,320		45,580,074
Special mention	95,122		96,744		126,698		117,580		19,251		96,329		175,815		1,928		729,467
Substandard accrual	13,234		58,402		78,965		62,993		39,930		127,683		79,580		671		461,458
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	19,203		25,282		12,641		14,689		4,345		52,963		31,619		317		161,059
Total loans	$	12,511,611	$	12,102,441	$	5,803,751	$	3,950,457	$	1,773,105	$	4,871,250	$	6,031,596	$	23,236	$	47,067,447
Gross write offs
Nine months ended September 30, 2024	8,223		30,985		5,797		20,094		2,206		22,310		—		—		89,615

Schedule of Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities by Credit Quality Indicator

For purposes of the table below, the Company has converted any issuer rating from an NRSRO into the Company’s internal ratings based on Investment Policy and review by the Company’s management.

As of September 30, 2024	Year of Origination												Total
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Balance
Amortized Cost Balances:
U.S. government agencies
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	—	$	135,000	$	147,818	$	25,000	$	6,760	$	314,578
5-7 internal grade													—
8-10 internal grade													—
Total U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	—	$	135,000	$	147,818	$	25,000	$	6,760	$	314,578
Municipal
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	4,176	$	1,034	$	6,839	$	258	$	150,481	$	162,788
5-7 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		2,353		2,353
8-10 internal grade													—
Total municipal	$	—	$	4,176	$	1,034	$	6,839	$	258	$	152,834	$	165,141
Mortgage-backed securities
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	352,905	$	544,887	$	2,243,363	$	—	$	—	$	3,141,155
5-7 internal grade													—
8-10 internal grade													—
Total mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	352,905	$	544,887	$	2,243,363	$	—	$	—	$	3,141,155
Corporate notes
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	—	$	14,968	$	—	$	6,005	$	36,052	$	57,025
5-7 internal grade													—
8-10 internal grade													—
Total corporate notes	$	—	$	—	$	14,968	$	—	$	6,005	$	36,052	$	57,025
Total held-to-maturity securities													$	3,677,899
Less: Allowance for credit losses													(479)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses													$	3,677,420

Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses

As significant judgment is required, the review of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses is performed quarterly by various committees with participation by the Company's executive management.

	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2023
Allowance for loan losses	$	360,279	$	344,235	$	315,039
Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments losses	75,435		83,030		84,111
Allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending-related commitments losses	435,714		427,265		399,150
Allowance for held-to-maturity securities losses	479		347		381
Allowance for credit losses	$	436,193	$	427,612	$	399,531

Schedule of Activity in the Allowance for Credit Losses by Loan Portfolio

A summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses, specifically for the loan portfolio (i.e. allowance for loan losses and allowance for unfunded commitment losses), for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is as follows:

Three months ended September 30, 2024			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	181,991	$	223,728	$	7,242	$	8,773	$	14,746	$	589	$	437,069
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		30		—		30
Charge-offs	(22,975)		(95)		—		—		(7,794)		(154)		(31,018)
Recoveries	649		30		101		5		3,477		21		4,283
Provision for credit losses - Other	7,128		(4,162)		134		268		3,284		147		6,799
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	2,967		10,540		1,344		638		—		58		15,547
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	1,838		1,103		2		61		—		—		3,004
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	171,598	$	231,144	$	8,823	$	9,745	$	13,743	$	661	$	435,714
By measurement method:
Individually measured	$	21,573	$	5,958	$	50	$	48	$	—	$	1	$	27,630
Collectively measured	150,025		225,186		8,773		9,697		13,743		660		408,084
Loans at period end
Individually measured	$	63,826	$	42,071	$	1,122	$	17,565	$	—	$	2	$	124,586
Collectively measured	15,183,867		12,751,346		425,921		3,232,435		15,128,580		82,674		46,804,823
Loans held at fair value	—		—		—		138,038		—		—		138,038

Three months ended September 30, 2023	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	143,142	$	215,696	$	6,967	$	12,252	$	9,046	$	277	$	387,380
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(60)		—		(60)
Charge-offs	(2,427)		(1,713)		(227)		(78)		(5,848)		(184)		(10,477)
Recoveries	1,162		243		33		1		906		14		2,359
Provision for credit losses	9,611		1,492		307		484		7,776		278		19,948
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	151,488	$	215,718	$	7,080	$	12,659	$	11,820	$	385	$	399,150
By measurement method:
Individually measured	$	9,773	$	5,408	$	—	$	109	$	—	$	12	$	15,302
Collectively measured	141,715		210,310		7,080		12,550		11,820		373		383,848
Loans at period end
Individually measured	$	43,569	$	17,043	$	1,363	$	15,946	$	—	$	16	$	77,937
Collectively measured	12,681,904		10,929,137		341,895		2,520,479		14,654,555		68,947		41,196,917
Loans held at fair value	—		—		—		171,178		—		—		171,178

Nine months ended September 30, 2024			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	169,604	$	223,853	$	7,116	$	13,133	$	13,069	$	490	$	427,265
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(20)		—		(20)
Charge-offs	(43,774)		(21,090)		(74)		(61)		(24,218)		(398)		(89,615)
Recoveries	2,078		151		165		15		8,667		68		11,144
Provision for credit losses - Other	38,885		16,587		270		(4,041)		16,245		443		68,389
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	2,967		10,540		1,344		638		—		58		15,547
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	1,838		1,103		2		61		—		—		3,004
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	171,598	$	231,144	$	8,823	$	9,745	$	13,743	$	661	$	435,714

Nine months ended September 30, 2023			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	142,769	$	184,352	$	7,573	$	11,585	$	10,671	$	498	$	357,448
Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2016-13	111		1,356		(33)		(692)		—		(1)		741
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(15)		—		(15)
Charge-offs	(10,599)		(9,842)		(227)		(78)		(15,151)		(447)		(36,344)
Recoveries	2,059		368		105		11		3,119		69		5,731
Provision for credit losses	17,148		39,484		(338)		1,833		13,196		266		71,589
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	151,488	$	215,718	$	7,080	$	12,659	$	11,820	$	385	$	399,150

Schedule of Modification of Loans

The tables below presents a summary of the period-end balance of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024  (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term		Reduction of  Interest Rate		Interest Only Payments		Delay in Contractual Payments		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,469	0.0	%	$	1,240	$	42	$	17	$	—	$	170
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	192		0.0		192		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Premium Finance Receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,548		0.0		30		1,457		—		—		61
Total loans	$	3,209	0.0	%	$	1,462	$	1,499	$	17	$	—	$	231

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024  (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)		Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,469	27		—	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	192		6		—	—
Home equity	—		$	—	—	—
Residential real estate	—		$	—	—	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,548		4		—	—
Total loans	$	3,209	9		—	—

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term		Reduction of  Interest Rate		Delay in Contractual Payments		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,256	0.0	%	$	1,256	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	141		0.0		141		—		—		—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	40		0.0		40		—		—		—
Total loans	$	1,437	0.0	%	$	1,437	$	—	$	—	$	—

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)	Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,256	16	—	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	—		—	—	—
Home equity	—		—	—	—
Residential real estate	141		14	—	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	40		2	—	—
Total loans	$	1,437	16	—	—

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands)	Total (1)		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term (1)		Reduction of  Interest Rate (1)		Interest Only Payments		Delay in Contractual Payments (1)		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate (1)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	4,687	0.0	%	$	4,195	$	42	$	17	$	97	$	336
Commercial real estate
Non-Construction	1,662		0.0		486		—		319		857		—
Home equity	89		0.0		89		—		—		—		—
Residential real estate	282		0.0		114		168		—		—		—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,554		0.0		33		1,460		—		—		61
Total loans	$	8,274	0.0		$	4,917	$	1,670	$	336	$	954	$	397

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)	Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	4,687	35	113	34
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	1,662		29	—	16
Home equity	89		12	—	—
Residential real estate	282		19	201	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,554		6	86	—
Total loans	$	8,274	9	156	18

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term		Reduction of  Interest Rate		Delay in Contractual Payments		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	39,153	0.3	%	$	3,194	$	221	$	35,265	$	473
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	5,709		0.1		467		827		39		4,376
Home equity	203		0.1		203		—		—		—
Residential real estate	2,113		0.1		1,537		271		—		305
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	51		0.0		43		—		—		8
Total loans	$	47,229	0.1	%	$	5,444	$	1,319	$	35,304	$	5,162

			Weighted Average Magnitude of Modifications:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total		Duration of Extension of Term (months)	Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)	Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	39,153	15	108	16
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	5,709		40	232	101
Home equity	203		12	—	—
Residential real estate	2,113		54	284	—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	51		2	50	—
Total loans	$	47,229	33	223	17

Schedule of Loans for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulties Modified

The following table presents a summary of all modified loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties and such loans that were in payment default under the restructured terms during the respective periods below:

(Dollars in thousands)	For the Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2024		Three Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Total		Payments in  Default  (1)		Payments in  Default  (1)		Total		Payments in  Default  (1)		Payments in  Default  (1)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	6,757	$	42	$	1,826	$	39,153	$	18,727	$	18,749
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	2,504		—		—		—		—		—
Non-construction	2,933		—		923		5,709		95		923
Home equity	588		—		203		203		203		203
Residential real estate	282		—		541		2,113		817		902
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	1,632		47		61		51		40		40
Total loans	$	14,696	$	89	$	3,554	$	47,229	$	19,882	$	20,817

(1)Modified loans considered to be in payment default are over 30 days past due subsequent to the restructuring.

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Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill Assets by Business Segment

A summary of the Company’s goodwill assets by reporting unit is presented in the following table:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2023		Goodwill Acquired		Impairment Loss		Goodwill Adjustments		September 30, 2024
Community banking	$	545,671	$	144,586	$	—	$	—	$	690,257
Specialty finance	39,006		—		—		(478)		38,528
Wealth management	71,995		—		—		—		71,995
Total	$	656,672	$	144,586	$	—	$	(478)	$	800,780

Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

A summary of acquisition-related intangible assets as of the dates shown and the expected amortization of finite-lived acquisition-related intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 is as follows:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Community banking segment:
Core deposit intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	154,506	$	55,206	$	55,206
Accumulated amortization	(51,358)		(46,125)		(45,304)
Net carrying amount	$	103,148	$	9,081	$	9,902
Trademark with indefinite lives:
Carrying amount	13,800		5,800		5,800
Total net carrying amount	$	116,948	$	14,881	$	15,702
Specialty finance segment:
Customer list intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	1,962	$	1,963	$	1,962
Accumulated amortization	(1,871)		(1,837)		(1,826)
Net carrying amount	$	91	$	126	$	136
Wealth management segment:
Customer list and other intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	26,630	$	26,630	$	26,630
Accumulated amortization	(19,803)		(18,748)		(18,224)
Net carrying amount	$	6,827	$	7,882	$	8,406
Total acquisition-related intangible assets:
Gross carrying amount	$	196,898	$	89,599	$	89,598
Accumulated amortization	(73,032)		(66,710)		(65,354)
Total other acquisition-related intangible assets, net	$	123,866	$	22,889	$	24,244

Summary of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

A summary of acquisition-related intangible assets as of the dates shown and the expected amortization of finite-lived acquisition-related intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 is as follows:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Community banking segment:
Core deposit intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	154,506	$	55,206	$	55,206
Accumulated amortization	(51,358)		(46,125)		(45,304)
Net carrying amount	$	103,148	$	9,081	$	9,902
Trademark with indefinite lives:
Carrying amount	13,800		5,800		5,800
Total net carrying amount	$	116,948	$	14,881	$	15,702
Specialty finance segment:
Customer list intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	1,962	$	1,963	$	1,962
Accumulated amortization	(1,871)		(1,837)		(1,826)
Net carrying amount	$	91	$	126	$	136
Wealth management segment:
Customer list and other intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	26,630	$	26,630	$	26,630
Accumulated amortization	(19,803)		(18,748)		(18,224)
Net carrying amount	$	6,827	$	7,882	$	8,406
Total acquisition-related intangible assets:
Gross carrying amount	$	196,898	$	89,599	$	89,598
Accumulated amortization	(73,032)		(66,710)		(65,354)
Total other acquisition-related intangible assets, net	$	123,866	$	22,889	$	24,244

Schedule of Estimated Amortization

Estimated amortization
Actual in nine months ended September 30, 2024	$	6,322
Estimated remaining in 2024	5,501
Estimated—2025	20,784
Estimated—2026	18,268
Estimated—2027	15,848
Estimated—2028	13,477

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Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs") (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Disclosures Pertaining to Servicing Assets and Servicing Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in the Carrying Value of MSRs

The following is a summary of the changes in the carrying value of MSRs, accounted for at fair value, for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Fair value at beginning of the period	$	204,610	$	200,692	$	192,456	$	230,225
Additions from loans sold with servicing retained	6,357		9,706		19,959		23,533
Servicing rights sold	—		—		—		(30,170)
Estimate of changes in fair value due to:
Payoffs, paydowns and repurchases	(7,328)		(4,597)		(17,248)		(13,549)
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions	(17,331)		4,723		(8,859)		485
Fair value at end of the period	$	186,308	$	210,524	$	186,308	$	210,524
Unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others	$	12,253,361	$	11,885,531

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Deposits (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Deposits [Abstract]

Schedule of Deposits

The following table is a summary of deposits as of the dates shown: 

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024			December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Balance:
Non-interest-bearing	$	10,739,132		$	10,420,401		$	10,347,006
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	5,466,932			5,797,649			6,006,114
Wealth management deposits	1,303,354			1,614,499			1,788,099
Money market	17,713,726			15,149,215			14,478,504
Savings	6,183,249			5,790,334			5,584,294
Time certificates of deposit	9,998,573			6,625,072			6,788,669
Total deposits	$	51,404,966		$	45,397,170		$	44,992,686
Mix:
Non-interest-bearing	21		%	23		%	23		%
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	11			13			13
Wealth management deposits	3			4			4
Money market	34			33			32
Savings	12			13			13
Time certificates of deposit	19			14			15
Total deposits	100		%	100		%	100		%

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FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes

The following table is a summary of FHLB advances, other borrowings and subordinated notes as of the dates shown:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
FHLB advances	$	3,171,309	$	2,326,071	$	2,326,071
Other borrowings:
Notes payable	149,894		171,282		178,411
Short-term borrowings	—		13,430		14,183
Secured borrowings	439,513		401,897		391,681
Other	57,636		59,204		59,724
Total other borrowings	647,043		645,813		643,999
Subordinated notes	298,188		437,866		437,731
Total FHLB advances, other borrowings and subordinated notes	$	4,116,540	$	3,409,750	$	3,407,801

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Junior Subordinated Debentures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Junior Subordinated Debenture Owed to Unconsolidated Subsidiary Trust [Abstract]

Schedule of Junior Subordinated Debentures

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s junior subordinated debentures as of September 30, 2024. The junior subordinated debentures represent the par value of the obligations owed to the Trusts.

(Dollars in thousands)	Common Securities		Trust  Preferred Securities		Junior Subordinated Debentures		Rate Structure (1)	Contractual Rate at 9/30/2024		Issue Date	Maturity Date	Earliest Redemption Date
Wintrust Capital Trust III	$	774	$	25,000	$	25,774	S+0.26161+3.25	8.81	%	04/2003	04/2033	04/2008
Wintrust Statutory Trust IV	619		20,000		20,619		S+0.26161+2.80	7.67	%	12/2003	12/2033	12/2008
Wintrust Statutory Trust V	1,238		40,000		41,238		S+0.26161+2.60	7.47	%	05/2004	05/2034	06/2009
Wintrust Capital Trust VII	1,550		50,000		51,550		S+0.26161+1.95	7.16	%	12/2004	03/2035	03/2010
Wintrust Capital Trust VIII	1,238		25,000		26,238		S+0.26161+1.45	6.32	%	08/2005	09/2035	09/2010
Wintrust Capital Trust IX	1,547		50,000		51,547		S+0.26161+1.63	6.84	%	09/2006	09/2036	09/2011
Northview Capital Trust I	186		6,000		6,186		S+0.26161+3.00	8.51	%	08/2003	11/2033	08/2008
Town Bankshares Capital Trust I	186		6,000		6,186		S+0.26161+3.00	8.51	%	08/2003	11/2033	08/2008
First Northwest Capital Trust I	155		5,000		5,155		S+0.26161+3.00	7.87	%	05/2004	05/2034	05/2009
Suburban Illinois Capital Trust II	464		15,000		15,464		S+0.26161+1.75	6.96	%	12/2006	12/2036	12/2011
Community Financial Shares Statutory Trust II	109		3,500		3,609		S+0.26161+1.62	6.83	%	06/2007	09/2037	06/2012
Total					$	253,566		7.33	%

(1)The interest rates on the variable rate junior subordinated debentures are based on the three-month Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and reset on a quarterly basis.

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Operating Information for Reportable Segments

The following is a summary of certain operating information for reportable segments:

	Three Months Ended				$ Change in Contribution		% Change  in Contribution
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net interest income:
Community Banking	$	396,894	$	360,575	$	36,319	10	%
Specialty Finance	88,448		85,427		3,021		4
Wealth Management	6,932		7,997		(1,065)		(13)
Total Operating Segments	492,274		453,999		38,275		8
Intersegment Eliminations	10,309		8,359		1,950		23
Consolidated net interest income	$	502,583	$	462,358	$	40,225	9	%
Provision for credit losses:
Community Banking	$	20,475	$	16,742	$	3,733	22	%
Specialty Finance	1,859		3,181		(1,322)		(42)
Wealth Management	—		—		—		—
Total Operating Segments	22,334		19,923		2,411		12
Intersegment Eliminations	—		—		—		—
Consolidated provision for credit losses	$	22,334	$	19,923	$	2,411	12	%
Non-interest income:
Community Banking	$	66,323	$	70,536	$	(4,213)	(6)	%
Specialty Finance	29,587		20,793		8,794		42
Wealth Management	37,431		37,312		119		0
Total Operating Segments	133,341		128,641		4,700		4
Intersegment Eliminations	(20,194)		(16,163)		(4,031)		25
Consolidated non-interest income	$	113,147	$	112,478	$	669	1	%
Net revenue:
Community Banking	$	463,217	$	431,111	$	32,106	7	%
Specialty Finance	118,035		106,220		11,815		11
Wealth Management	44,363		45,309		(946)		(2)
Total Operating Segments	625,615		582,640		42,975		7
Intersegment Eliminations	(9,885)		(7,804)		(2,081)		27
Consolidated net revenue	$	615,730	$	574,836	$	40,894	7	%
Segment profit:
Community Banking	$	115,213	$	115,156	$	57	0	%
Specialty Finance	46,803		40,548		6,255		15
Wealth Management	7,985		8,494		(509)		(6)
Consolidated net income	$	170,001	$	164,198	$	5,803	4	%
Segment assets:
Community Banking	$	51,598,626	$	43,801,560	$	7,797,066	18	%
Specialty Finance	11,047,585		10,521,547		526,038		5
Wealth Management	1,142,213		1,232,139		(89,926)		(7)
Consolidated total assets	$	63,788,424	$	55,555,246	$	8,233,178	15	%

NM - Not meaningful

	Nine Months Ended				$ Change in Contribution		% Change  in Contribution
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net interest income:
Community Banking	$	1,119,411	$	1,076,655	$	42,756	4	%
Specialty Finance	265,921		240,771		25,150		10
Wealth Management	22,618		24,356		(1,738)		(7)
Total Operating Segments	1,407,950		1,341,782		66,168		5
Intersegment Eliminations	29,437		26,108		3,329		13
Consolidated net interest income	$	1,437,387	$	1,367,890	$	69,497	5	%
Provision for credit losses:
Community Banking	$	77,192	$	64,554	$	12,638	20	%
Specialty Finance	6,876		6,928		(52)		(1)
Wealth Management	—		—		—		—
Total Operating Segments	84,068		71,482		12,586		18
Intersegment Eliminations	—		—		—		—
Consolidated provision for credit losses	$	84,068	$	71,482	$	12,586	18	%
Non-interest income:
Community Banking	$	212,578	$	207,399	$	5,179	2	%
Specialty Finance	89,221		78,320		10,901		14
Wealth Management	131,521		101,000		30,521		30
Total Operating Segments	433,320		386,719		46,601		12
Intersegment Eliminations	(58,446)		(53,442)		(5,004)		9
Consolidated non-interest income	$	374,874	$	333,277	$	41,597	12	%
Net revenue:
Community Banking	$	1,331,989	$	1,284,054	$	47,935	4	%
Specialty Finance	355,142		319,091		36,051		11
Wealth Management	154,139		125,356		28,783		23
Total Operating Segments	1,841,270		1,728,501		112,769		7
Intersegment Eliminations	(29,009)		(27,334)		(1,675)		6
Consolidated net revenue	$	1,812,261	$	1,701,167	$	111,094	7	%
Segment profit:
Community Banking	$	326,495	$	351,905	$	(25,410)	18	%
Specialty Finance	142,417		123,687		18,730		5
Wealth Management	40,771		23,554		17,217		(7)
Consolidated net income	$	509,683	$	499,146	$	10,537	15	%

NM - Not meaningful

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Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

	Derivative Assets						Derivative Liabilities
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges	$	53,402	$	40,116	$	—	$	14,522	$	44,456	$	157,355
Interest rate derivatives designated as Fair Value Hedges	8,069		12,349		17,929		351		273		—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815	$	61,471	$	52,465	$	17,929	$	14,873	$	44,729	$	157,355
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Interest rate derivatives	$	185,456	$	211,490	$	294,324	$	180,160	$	210,397	$	295,916
Interest rate lock commitments	5,143		4,511		2,516		6		—		72
Forward commitments to sell mortgage loans	31		—		3,261		1,055		5,212		—
Commodity forward contracts	1,647		888		1,320		1,365		609		1,076
Foreign exchange contracts	1,914		6,372		4,355		1,880		6,308		4,287
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815	$	194,191	$	223,261	$	305,776	$	184,466	$	222,526	$	301,351
Total Derivatives	$	255,662	$	275,726	$	323,705	$	199,339	$	267,255	$	458,706

Schedule of Cash Flow Hedging Instruments

The table below provides details on these cash flow hedges, summarized by derivative type and maturity, as of September 30, 2024:

	September 30, 2024
	Notional		Fair Value
(In thousands)	Amount		Asset (Liability)
Interest Rate Collars at 1-month CME term SOFR:
Buy 2.250% floor, sell 3.743% cap; matures September 2025	$	1,250,000	$	(4,251)
Buy 2.750% floor, sell 4.320% cap; matures October 2026	500,000		1,345
Buy 2.000% floor, sell 3.450% cap; matures September 2027	1,250,000		(10,270)
Interest Rate Swaps at 1-month CME term SOFR:
Fixed 3.748%; matures December 2025	250,000		290
Fixed 3.759%; matures December 2025	250,000		324
Fixed 3.680%; matures February 2026	250,000		233
Fixed 4.176%; matures March 2026	250,000		2,088
Fixed 3.915%; matures March 2026	250,000		1,182
Fixed 4.450%; matures July 2026	250,000		4,220
Fixed 3.515%, matures December 2026	250,000		822
Fixed 3.512%; matures December 2026	250,000		806
Fixed 3.453%; matures February 2027	250,000		578
Fixed 4.150%; matures July 2027	250,000		5,610
Fixed 3.748%; matures March 2028	250,000		3,998
Fixed 3.526%; matures March 2028	250,000		2,186
Fixed 3.993%; matures October 2029	350,000		12,573
Fixed 4.245%; matures November 2029	350,000		17,146
Total Cash Flow Hedges	$	6,700,000	$	38,880

Schedule of Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Related to Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

A rollforward of the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, including such derivative contracts terminated during the period, follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Unrealized (loss) gain at beginning of period	$	(49,396)	$	(61,739)	$	43,538	$	10,026
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss to interest income or expense on deposits, loans, and other borrowings	20,378		18,374		60,720		36,038
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income or loss	104,470		(61,456)		(28,806)		(150,885)
Unrealized gain (loss) at end of period	$	75,452	$	(104,821)	$	75,452	$	(104,821)

Schedule of Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)

The following table presents the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) and the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) that are designated as a fair value hedge accounting relationship as of September 30, 2024:

(In thousands)		September 30, 2024
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships	Location in the Statement of Condition	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Remaining for any Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) for which Hedge Accounting has been Discontinued
Interest rate swaps	Loans, net of unearned income	$	195,978	$	(7,703)	$	(63)
	Available-for-sale debt securities	654		(5)		—

The following table presents the loss or gain recognized related to derivative instruments that are designated as fair value hedges for the respective period:

(In thousands) Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships	Location of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2024
Interest rate swaps	Interest and fees on loans	$	(28)	$	(34)
	Interest income - investment securities	—		—

Schedule of Consolidated Statement of Income Related to Derivatives

Amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to derivative instruments not designated in hedge relationships were as follows:

(In thousands)		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
Derivative	Location in income statement	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps and caps	Trading (losses) gains, net	$	(245)	$	778	$	248	$	1,590
Mortgage banking derivatives	Mortgage banking revenue	(1,692)		1,428		2,014		9,859
Commodity contracts	Trading (losses) gains, net	(116)		23		282		243
Foreign exchange contracts	Trading (losses) gains, net	(171)		—		(152)		—
Covered call options	Fees from covered call options	988		4,215		7,891		17,184
Derivative contract held as economic hedge on MSRs	Mortgage banking revenue	6,892		(2,481)		3,543		(2,261)

Schedule of Offsetting Assets

The table below summarizes the Company’s interest rate derivatives and offsetting positions as of the dates shown.

	Derivative Assets						Derivative Liabilities
	Fair Value						Fair Value
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Gross Amounts Recognized	$	246,927	$	263,955	$	312,253	$	195,033	$	255,126	$	453,271
Less: Amounts offset in the Statements of Condition	—		—		—		—		—		—
Net amount presented in the Statements of Condition	$	246,927	$	263,955	$	312,253	$	195,033	$	255,126	$	453,271
Gross amounts not offset in the Statements of Condition
Offsetting Derivative Positions	(82,819)		(76,514)		(157,673)		(82,819)		(76,514)		(157,673)
Collateral Posted	(59,791)		(144,899)		(140,857)		(420)		—		(3,785)
Net Credit Exposure	$	104,317	$	42,542	$	13,723	$	111,794	$	178,612	$	291,813

Schedule of Offsetting Liabilities

The table below summarizes the Company’s interest rate derivatives and offsetting positions as of the dates shown.

	Derivative Assets						Derivative Liabilities
	Fair Value						Fair Value
(In thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Gross Amounts Recognized	$	246,927	$	263,955	$	312,253	$	195,033	$	255,126	$	453,271
Less: Amounts offset in the Statements of Condition	—		—		—		—		—		—
Net amount presented in the Statements of Condition	$	246,927	$	263,955	$	312,253	$	195,033	$	255,126	$	453,271
Gross amounts not offset in the Statements of Condition
Offsetting Derivative Positions	(82,819)		(76,514)		(157,673)		(82,819)		(76,514)		(157,673)
Collateral Posted	(59,791)		(144,899)		(140,857)		(420)		—		(3,785)
Net Credit Exposure	$	104,317	$	42,542	$	13,723	$	111,794	$	178,612	$	291,813

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Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Balances of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods presented:

	September 30, 2024
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	98,323	$	98,323	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	47,654		—		47,654		—
Municipal	200,212		—		64,962		135,250
Corporate notes	80,117		—		80,117		—
Mortgage-backed	3,485,926		—		3,485,926		—
Trading account securities	3,472		—		3,472		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310		117,244		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	461,067		—		402,004		59,063
Loans held-for-investment	138,038		—		93,263		44,775
MSRs	186,308		—		—		186,308
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756		—		16,756		—
Derivative assets	255,662		—		250,520		5,142
Total	$	5,098,845	$	215,567	$	4,452,740	$	430,538
Derivative liabilities	$	199,339	$	—	$	199,339	$	—

	December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	6,968	$	6,968	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	45,124		—		45,124		—
Municipal	140,958		—		54,721		86,237
Corporate notes	76,531		—		76,531		—
Mortgage-backed	3,233,334		—		3,233,334		—
Trading account securities	4,707		—		4,707		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	139,268		131,202		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	292,722		—		265,887		26,835
Loans held-for-investment	155,261		—		94,591		60,670
MSRs	192,456		—		—		192,456
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	15,238		—		15,238		—
Derivative assets	275,726		—		271,216		4,510
Total	$	4,578,293	$	138,170	$	4,069,415	$	370,708
Derivative liabilities	$	267,255	$	—	$	267,255	$	—

	September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	4,931	$	4,931	$	—	$	—
U.S. government agencies	72,430		—		72,430		—
Municipal	168,523		—		55,304		113,219
Corporate notes	76,606		—		76,606		—
Mortgage-backed	3,289,345		—		3,289,345		—
Trading account securities	1,663		—		1,663		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	134,310		126,244		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	304,808		—		279,621		25,187
Loans held-for-investment	171,178		—		113,217		57,961
MSRs	210,524		—		—		210,524
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	14,449		—		14,449		—
Derivative assets	323,705		—		321,189		2,516
Total	$	4,772,472	$	131,175	$	4,231,890	$	409,407
Derivative liabilities	$	458,706	$	—	$	458,706	$	—

Schedule of Changes In Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The changes in Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at July 1, 2024	$	95,792	$	40,545	$	45,721	$	204,610	$	4,795
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		126		381		(18,302)		347
Other comprehensive income or loss	968		—		—		—		—
Purchases	38,490		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		(8,078)		(7,924)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		26,470		6,597		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	135,250	$	59,063	$	44,775	$	186,308	$	5,142

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at July 1, 2023	$	114,155	$	29,406	$	61,123	$	200,692	$	3,487
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		626		(260)		9,832		(971)
Other comprehensive income or loss	(1,614)		—		—		—		—
Purchases	678		—		—		—		—
Sales	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	—		(18,454)		(16,852)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		13,609		13,950		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	113,219	$	25,187	$	57,961	$	210,524	$	2,516

(1)Changes in the balance of mortgage loans held-for-sale, MSRs, and derivative assets related to fair value adjustments are recorded as components of mortgage banking revenue. Changes in the balance of loans held-for-investment related to fair value adjustments are recorded as other non-interest income.

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative Assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	86,237	$	26,835	$	60,670	$	192,456	$	4,510
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		398		130		(6,148)		632
Other comprehensive income or loss	(1,700)		—		—		—		—
Purchases	56,556		—		—		—		—
Issuances	—		—		—		—		—
Sales	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements	(5,843)		(28,687)		(31,436)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		60,517		15,411		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	135,250	$	59,063	$	44,775	$	186,308	$	5,142

			Mortgage loans held-for-sale		Loans held-for- investment		Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative Assets
(In thousands)	Municipal
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	117,537	$	48,655	$	84,165	$	230,225	$	1,711
Total net (losses) gains included in:
Net income (1)	—		1,494		(515)		10,469		805
Other comprehensive income or loss	(6,437)		—		—		—		—
Purchases	12,074		—		—		—		—
Sales	—		—		—		(30,170)		—
Settlements	(9,955)		(61,046)		(53,767)		—		—
Net transfers into Level 3	—		36,084		28,078		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	113,219	$	25,187	$	57,961	$	210,524	$	2,516

(1)Changes in the balance of mortgage loans held-for-sale, MSRs and derivative assets related to fair value adjustments are recorded as components of mortgage banking revenue. Changes in the balance of loans held-for-investment related to fair value adjustments are recorded as other non-interest income.

Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

For assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis that were still held in the balance sheet at the end of the period, the following table provides the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at September 30, 2024:

	September 30, 2024								Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Fair Value Losses Recognized, net		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Fair Value Losses Recognized, net
(In thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	$	124,586	$	—	$	—	$	124,586	$	22,908	$	64,747
Other real estate owned (1)	13,682		—		—		13,682		—		207
Total	$	138,268	$	—	$	—	$	138,268	$	22,908	$	64,954

(1)Net fair value losses recognized on other real estate owned include valuation adjustments and charge-offs during the respective period.

Schedule of Valuation Techniques and Significant Unobservable Inputs Used to Measure Both Recurring and Non Recurring

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure both recurring and non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at September 30, 2024 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Significant Unobservable Input	Input / Range of Inputs	Weighted Average of Inputs			Impact to valuation from an increased or higher input value
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Municipal securities	$	135,250	Bond pricing	Equivalent rating	BBB-AA+	N/A			Increase
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	59,063		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	6.14%	6.14%			Decrease
				Credit discount	0% - 14%	0.52%			Decrease
Loans held-for-investment	44,775		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	6.12% - 6.14%	6.14%			Decrease
				Credit discount	0% - 39%	1.07%			Decrease
				Constant prepayment rate (CPR) - current loans	9.21%	9.21%			Decrease
				Average life - delinquent loans (in years)	1.4 years - 11.3 years	5.9 years			Decrease
MSRs	186,308		Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	6% - 20%	10.96%			Decrease
				Constant prepayment rate (CPR)	6% - 90%	9.21%			Decrease
				Cost of servicing	$70 - $200	$	76		Decrease
				Cost of servicing - delinquent	$200 - 1,000	$	386		Decrease
Derivatives	5,142		Discounted cash flows	Pull-through rate	1% - 100%	80.71		%	Increase
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,586		Appraisal value	Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale	10%	10.00%			Decrease
Other real estate owned	13,682		Appraisal value	Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale	10%	10.00%			Decrease

Schedule of Carrying Amounts and Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The table below presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of the dates shown:

	At September 30, 2024				At December 31, 2023				At September 30, 2023
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
(In thousands)	Value		Value		Value		Value		Value		Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	731,128	$	731,128	$	423,464	$	423,464	$	418,148	$	418,148
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	3,648,117		3,648,117		2,084,323		2,084,323		2,448,570		2,448,570
Available-for-sale securities	3,912,232		3,912,232		3,502,915		3,502,915		3,611,835		3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities	3,677,420		3,121,820		3,856,916		3,215,468		3,909,150		3,057,959
Trading account securities	3,472		3,472		4,707		4,707		1,663		1,663
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310		125,310		139,268		139,268		134,310		134,310
FHLB and FRB stock, at cost	266,908		266,908		205,003		205,003		204,040		204,040
Brokerage customer receivables	16,662		16,662		10,592		10,592		14,042		14,042
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	461,067		461,067		292,722		292,722		304,808		304,808
Loans held-for-investment, at fair value	138,038		138,038		155,261		155,261		171,178		171,178
Loans held-for-investment, at amortized cost	46,929,409		46,081,849		41,976,570		41,090,010		41,274,854		40,300,208
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756		16,756		15,238		15,238		14,449		14,449
Derivative assets	255,662		255,662		275,726		275,726		323,705		323,705
Accrued interest receivable and other	588,594		588,594		477,832		477,832		465,117		465,117
Total financial assets	$	60,770,775	$	59,367,615	$	53,420,537	$	51,892,529	$	53,295,869	$	51,470,032
Financial Liabilities
Non-maturity deposits	$	41,406,393	$	41,406,393	$	38,772,098	$	38,772,098	$	38,204,017	$	38,204,017
Time certificates of deposit	9,998,573		9,985,778		6,625,072		6,603,746		6,788,669		6,744,989
FHLB advances	3,171,309		3,334,183		2,326,071		2,367,107		2,326,071		2,189,101
Other borrowings	647,043		646,272		645,813		643,755		643,999		641,514
Subordinated notes	298,188		289,260		437,866		413,501		437,731		400,520
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566		253,662		253,566		253,579		253,566		253,568
Derivative liabilities	199,339		199,339		267,255		267,255		458,706		458,706
Accrued interest payable	75,254		75,254		51,116		51,116		54,383		54,383
Total financial liabilities	$	56,049,665	$	56,190,141	$	49,378,857	$	49,372,157	$	49,167,142	$	48,946,798

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Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

A summary of the Plans’ stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is presented below:

Stock Options	Common Shares	Weighted Average Strike Price		Remaining Contractual Term (1)	Intrinsic Value (2) (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2024	13,100	$	42.76
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(775)	32.26
Forfeited or canceled	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	12,325	$	43.42	3.7	$	802
Exercisable at September 30, 2024	12,325	$	43.42	3.7	$	802

Stock Options	Common Shares	Weighted Average Strike Price		Remaining Contractual Term (1)	Intrinsic Value (2) (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	68,093	$	41.14
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(54,218)	40.87
Forfeited or canceled	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2023	13,875	$	42.18	4.2	$	462
Exercisable at September 30, 2023	13,875	$	42.18	4.2	$	462

(1)Represents the remaining weighted average contractual life in years.

(2)Aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the Company’s stock price on the last trading day of the quarter and the option exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders if they had exercised their options on the last day of the quarter. Options with exercise prices above the stock price on the last trading day of the quarter are excluded from the calculation of intrinsic value. The intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock.

Schedule of Plans' Restricted and Performance Share Award Activity

A summary of the Plans’ restricted share activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is presented below:

	Nine months ended September 30, 2024			Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Restricted Shares	Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1	746,123	$	79.60	610,155	$	73.21
Granted	405,506	99.78		268,142	88.18
Vested and issued	(238,002)	70.14		(117,365)	65.51
Forfeited or canceled	(17,885)	92.77		(12,491)	83.47
Outstanding at September 30	895,742	$	90.99	748,441	$	79.61
Vested, but deferred, at September 30	100,281	$	54.19	98,747	$	53.46

A summary of the Plans’ performance-based stock award activity, based on the target level of the awards, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 is presented below:

	Nine months ended September 30, 2024			Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Performance-based Stock	Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Common Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1	553,026	$	79.69	545,379	$	70.30
Granted	111,398	100.44		189,219	92.37
Added by performance factor at vesting	96,952	58.78		23,161	63.64
Vested and issued	(296,243)	58.76		(178,203)	63.64
Forfeited or canceled	(5,304)	95.77		(19,289)	82.14
Outstanding at September 30	459,829	$	93.61	560,267	$	79.18
Vested, but deferred, at September 30	21,688	$	44.21	36,465	$	45.08

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss and Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Other Comprehensive Income or Loss

The following tables summarize the components of other comprehensive income or loss, including the related income tax effects, and the related amount reclassified to net income for the periods presented:

(In thousands)	Accumulated Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Securities		Accumulated Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments		Accumulated Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance at July 1, 2024	$	(424,172)	$	(36,304)	$	(51,722)	$	(512,198)
Other comprehensive income during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	124,478		77,308		3,204		204,990
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(39)		15,080		—		15,041
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(10)		—		—		(10)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax	$	124,429	$	92,388	$	3,204	$	220,021
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(299,743)	$	56,084	$	(48,518)	$	(292,177)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	(350,697)	$	32,049	$	(42,583)	$	(361,231)
Other comprehensive income or loss during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	51,916		(20,715)		(5,935)		25,266
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(905)		44,750		—		43,845
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(57)		—		—		(57)
Net other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax	$	50,954	$	24,035	$	(5,935)	$	69,054
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(299,743)	$	56,084	$	(48,518)	$	(292,177)

Balance at July 1, 2023	$	(385,925)	$	(45,259)	$	(42,906)	$	(474,090)
Other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	(130,622)		(45,078)		(6,270)		(181,970)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(118)		13,478		—		13,360
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(23)		—		—		(23)
Net other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax	$	(130,763)	$	(31,600)	$	(6,270)	$	(168,633)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(516,688)	$	(76,859)	$	(49,176)	$	(642,723)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(386,057)	$	7,381	$	(48,960)	$	(427,636)
Other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	(130,028)		(110,931)		(216)		(241,175)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(528)		26,691		—		26,163
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(75)		—		—		(75)
Net other comprehensive loss during the period, net of tax	$	(130,631)	$	(84,240)	$	(216)	$	(215,087)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(516,688)	$	(76,859)	$	(49,176)	$	(642,723)

Schedule of Other Comprehensive Income Reclassified from AOCI

(In thousands)	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the
Details Regarding the Component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Impacted Line on the Consolidated Statements of Income
	September 30,				September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Accumulated unrealized gains on securities
Gains included in net income	$	45	$	158	$	1,223	$	720	Gains (losses) on investment securities, net
	45		158		1,223		720		Income before taxes
Tax effect	(6)		(40)		(318)		(192)		Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	39	$	118	$	905	$	528	Net income
Accumulated unrealized gains on derivative instruments
Amount reclassified to interest income on loans	$	23,704	$	22,768	$	72,027	$	50,501	Interest on Loans
Amount reclassified to interest expense on deposits	$	(3,325)	$	(4,657)	$	(11,307)	$	(14,902)	Interest on deposits
Amount reclassified to interest expense on other borrowings	—		263		—		789		Interest on other borrowings
	(20,379)		(18,374)		(60,720)		(36,388)		Income before taxes
Tax effect	5,299		4,896		15,970		9,697		Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(15,080)	$	(13,478)	$	(44,750)	$	(26,691)	Net income

Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated:

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net income		$	170,001	$	164,198	$	509,683	$	499,146
Less: Preferred stock dividends		6,991		6,991		20,973		20,973
Net income applicable to common shares	(A)	$	163,010	$	157,207	$	488,710	$	478,173
Weighted average common shares outstanding	(B)	64,888		61,213		62,743		61,119
Effect of dilutive potential common shares
Common stock equivalents		1,053		964		934		888
Weighted average common shares and effect of dilutive potential common shares	(C)	65,941		62,177		63,677		62,007
Net income per common share:
Basic	(A/B)	$	2.51	$	2.57	$	7.79	$	7.82
Diluted	(A/C)	$	2.47	$	2.53	$	7.67	$	7.71

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Business Combinations (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 01, 2024 USD ($) branch shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 03, 2023 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets		$ 63,788,424	$ 63,788,424	$ 56,259,934	$ 55,555,246
Deposits		51,404,966	51,404,966	45,397,170	44,992,686
Goodwill		800,780	800,780	$ 656,672	$ 656,109
Macatawa Bank Corporation
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets	$ 2,700,000
Deposits	2,300,000
Loan	$ 1,300,000
Macatawa Bank Corporation
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, number of shares issued (in shares) | shares	4,700,000
Fair value of consideration paid	$ 499,300
Business combination, number of acquired operating branches | branch	26
Business combination, discount on acquired loans	$ 53,700
Business combination, discount on securities	33,500
Business combination, intangible assets acquired	$ 251,900
Acquisition expenses		$ 1,600	$ 2,500
Macatawa Bank Corporation | Macatawa Bank Corporation
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of common stock shares issued for each share of acquiree stock (in shares) | shares	0.137
Rothschild & Co Asset Management U.S.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets acquired in acquisition						$ 12,600
Goodwill						$ 2,600

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Investment Securities - Schedule of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	$ 4,320,843,000	$ 3,979,814,000	$ 4,315,723,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	11,552,000	3,525,000	50,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	(420,163,000)	(480,424,000)	(703,938,000)
Fair Value	3,912,232,000	3,502,915,000	3,611,835,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized Cost	3,677,899,000	3,857,263,000	3,909,531,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	7,526,000	3,472,000	123,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	(563,605,000)	(645,267,000)	(851,695,000)
Fair Value	3,121,820,000	3,215,468,000	3,057,959,000
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(479,000)	(347,000)	(381,000)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	3,677,420,000	3,856,916,000	3,909,150,000
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value
Amortized Cost	127,700,000	143,312,000	140,749,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	4,313,000	3,500,000	3,290,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	(6,703,000)	(7,544,000)	(9,729,000)
Fair Value	125,310,000	139,268,000	134,310,000
U.S. Treasury
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	98,151,000	6,960,000	4,930,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	172,000	8,000	1,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0	0
Fair Value	98,323,000	6,968,000	4,931,000
U.S. government agencies
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	50,000,000	50,000,000	80,000,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(2,346,000)	(4,876,000)	(7,570,000)
Fair Value	47,654,000	45,124,000	72,430,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized Cost	314,578,000	336,468,000	339,598,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(56,198,000)	(67,058,000)	(87,897,000)
Fair Value	258,380,000	269,410,000	251,701,000
Municipal
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	201,701,000	144,299,000	177,208,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,392,000	657,000	49,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	(2,881,000)	(3,998,000)	(8,734,000)
Fair Value	200,212,000	140,958,000	168,523,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized Cost	165,141,000	172,933,000	176,262,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	488,000	565,000	123,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	(2,910,000)	(3,778,000)	(11,230,000)
Fair Value	162,719,000	169,720,000	165,155,000
Corporate notes
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized Cost	57,025,000	57,544,000	57,717,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	7,000	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,953,000)	(3,480,000)	(4,849,000)
Fair Value	55,072,000	54,071,000	52,868,000
Financial issuers
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	83,997,000	83,996,000	83,995,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,880,000)	(8,456,000)	(8,368,000)
Fair Value	79,117,000	75,540,000	75,627,000
Other
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	(9,000)	(21,000)
Fair Value	1,000,000	991,000	979,000
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	3,694,382,000	3,505,012,000	3,862,871,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	8,143,000	1,392,000	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(394,844,000)	(446,784,000)	(656,135,000)
Fair Value	3,307,681,000	3,059,620,000	3,206,736,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized Cost	2,915,018,000	3,042,828,000	3,082,314,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	5,541,000	1,922,000	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(485,115,000)	(549,265,000)	(717,444,000)
Fair Value	2,435,444,000	2,495,485,000	2,364,870,000
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	19,088,000	13,201,000	13,179,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	308,000	68,000	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(255,000)	(289,000)	(802,000)
Fair Value	19,141,000	12,980,000	12,377,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized Cost	6,379,000	6,415,000	6,425,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	40,000	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(126,000)	(184,000)	(477,000)
Fair Value	6,293,000	6,231,000	5,948,000
Collateralized mortgage obligations
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized Cost	172,524,000	175,346,000	92,540,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,537,000	1,400,000	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(14,957,000)	(16,012,000)	(22,308,000)
Fair Value	159,104,000	160,734,000	70,232,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized Cost	219,758,000	241,075,000	247,215,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,457,000	978,000	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(17,303,000)	(21,502,000)	(29,798,000)
Fair Value	203,912,000	220,551,000	217,417,000
Mortgage-backed securities, subprime
Available-for-sale securities
Fair Value	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Investment Securities - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) security	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) security	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Equity securities without readily determinable fair value	$ 64,100		$ 64,100
Upward adjustments of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Downward adjustments of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	0	0	0	0
Impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	0	489	3,731	489
Pledged securities	$ 7,200,000	$ 7,100,000	$ 7,200,000	$ 7,100,000	$ 6,900,000
Number of securities by a single non-government sponsored issuer exceeding 10% of shareholders' equity | security	0		0

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Investment Securities - Schedule of Available-for-sale Investment Securities Portfolios (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, fair value	$ 111,475,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(1,326,000)
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, fair value	2,563,051,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(418,837,000)
Total, fair value	2,674,526,000
Total, unrealized losses	(420,163,000)
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	3,912,232,000	$ 3,502,915,000	$ 3,611,835,000
U.S. Treasury
Available-for-sale securities
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, fair value	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, unrealized losses	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, fair value	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	0
Total, fair value	0
Total, unrealized losses	0
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	98,323,000	6,968,000	4,931,000
U.S. government agencies
Available-for-sale securities
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, fair value	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, unrealized losses	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, fair value	47,654,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(2,346,000)
Total, fair value	47,654,000
Total, unrealized losses	(2,346,000)
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	47,654,000	45,124,000	72,430,000
Municipal
Available-for-sale securities
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, fair value	10,111,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(54,000)
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, fair value	68,124,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(2,827,000)
Total, fair value	78,235,000
Total, unrealized losses	(2,881,000)
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	200,212,000	140,958,000	168,523,000
Financial issuers
Available-for-sale securities
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, fair value	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, unrealized losses	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, fair value	79,117,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(4,880,000)
Total, fair value	79,117,000
Total, unrealized losses	(4,880,000)
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	79,117,000	75,540,000	75,627,000
Other
Available-for-sale securities
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, fair value	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, unrealized losses	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, fair value	1,000,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	0
Total, fair value	1,000,000
Total, unrealized losses	0
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	1,000,000	991,000	979,000
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, fair value	98,365,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(1,252,000)
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, fair value	2,292,584,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(393,592,000)
Total, fair value	2,390,949,000
Total, unrealized losses	(394,844,000)
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	3,307,681,000	3,059,620,000	3,206,736,000
Commercial (multi-family) mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, fair value	2,999,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, unrealized losses	(20,000)
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, fair value	3,295,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(235,000)
Total, fair value	6,294,000
Total, unrealized losses	(255,000)
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	19,141,000	12,980,000	12,377,000
Collateralized mortgage obligations
Available-for-sale securities
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, fair value	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months, unrealized losses	0
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, fair value	71,277,000
Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months, unrealized losses	(14,957,000)
Total, fair value	71,277,000
Total, unrealized losses	(14,957,000)
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	159,104,000	160,734,000	70,232,000
Mortgage-backed securities, subprime
Available-for-sale securities
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Investment Securities - Schedule of Gross Gains and Gross Losses Realized and Impairment on Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Realized gains on investment securities	$ 222	$ 225	$ 2,582	$ 836
Realized losses on investment securities	(144)	(9)	(273)	(60)
Net realized gains on investment securities	78	216	2,309	776
Unrealized gains on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	3,126	10	4,234	2,984
Unrealized losses on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	(15)	(2,094)	(2,579)	(4,230)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	3,111	(2,084)	1,655	(1,246)
Impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	0	(489)	(3,731)	(489)
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	$ 3,189	$ (2,357)	$ 233	$ (959)

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Investment Securities - Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Available-for-sale securities
Due in one year or less, amortized cost	$ 150,539	$ 53,162	$ 99,892
Due in one to five years, amortized cost	168,856	132,348	139,623
Due in five to ten years, amortized cost	91,620	82,040	43,199
Due after ten years, amortized cost	23,834	18,705	64,419
Amortized Cost	4,320,843	3,979,814	4,315,723
Due in one year or less, fair value	150,627	52,945	99,525
Due in one to five years, fair value	164,650	123,985	130,036
Due in five to ten years, fair value	89,220	76,869	38,074
Due after ten years, fair value	21,809	15,782	54,855
Fair Value	3,912,232	3,502,915	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities
Held-to-maturity securities, due in one year or less, amortized cost	12,026	5,169	2,248
Held-to-maturity securities, due in one to five years, amortized cost	110,330	109,602	103,104
Held-to-maturity securities, due in five to ten years, amortized cost	84,580	99,700	106,042
Held-to-maturity securities, due after ten years, amortized cost	329,808	352,474	362,183
Amortized Cost	3,677,899	3,857,263	3,909,531
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(479)	(347)	(381)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	3,677,420	3,856,916	3,909,150
Held-to-maturity securities, due in one year or less, fair value	11,883	5,142	2,241
Held-to-maturity securities, due in one to five years, fair value	108,416	105,835	96,546
Held-to-maturity securities, due in five to ten years, fair value	83,918	98,718	100,215
Held-to-maturity securities, due after ten years, fair value	271,954	283,506	270,722
Fair Value	3,121,820	3,215,468	3,057,959
Mortgage-backed
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed, without single maturity date, amortized cost	3,885,994	3,693,559	3,968,590
Mortgage-backed, without single maturity date, fair value	3,485,926	3,233,334	3,289,345
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed, amortized cost	3,141,155	3,290,318	3,335,954
Mortgage-backed, fair value	$ 2,645,649	$ 2,722,267	$ 2,588,235

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Loans - Schedule of Loan Portfolio (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Loans [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 47,067,447	$ 42,131,831	$ 41,446,032
Total loans, net of unearned income, percentage	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Commercial
Loans [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 15,247,693	$ 12,832,053	$ 12,725,473
Total loans, net of unearned income, percentage	33.00%	30.00%	31.00%
Commercial real estate
Loans [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 12,793,417	$ 11,344,164	$ 10,946,180
Total loans, net of unearned income, percentage	27.00%	27.00%	26.00%
Home equity
Loans [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 427,043	$ 343,976	$ 343,258
Total loans, net of unearned income, percentage	1.00%	1.00%	1.00%
Residential real estate
Loans [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 3,388,038	$ 2,769,666	$ 2,707,603
Total loans, net of unearned income, percentage	7.00%	7.00%	7.00%
Premium finance receivables | Premium finance receivables—property & casualty
Loans [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 7,131,681	$ 6,903,529	$ 6,722,747
Total loans, net of unearned income, percentage	15.00%	16.00%	16.00%
Premium finance receivables | Premium finance receivables—life insurance
Loans [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 7,996,899	$ 7,877,943	$ 7,931,808
Total loans, net of unearned income, percentage	17.00%	19.00%	19.00%
Consumer and other
Loans [Line Items]
Total loans, net of unearned income	$ 82,676	$ 60,500	$ 68,963
Total loans, net of unearned income, percentage	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

XML

Loans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Loans [Line Items]
Net deferred loan fees and costs and fair value accounting adjustments	$ 79.4	$ 84.2	$ 67.6
Premium finance receivables
Loans [Line Items]
Unearned income portion of premium finance receivables	$ 266.1	$ 285.4	$ 264.5

XML

Loans - Schedule of Financing Receivable, Purchased with Credit Deterioration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Allowance for credit losses	$ (3,004)	$ (3,004)
Macatawa Bank Corporation
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Contractually required payments (unpaid principal balance)	169,472
Allowance for credit losses	(3,004)
Discount, net of any premium	(4,529)
Purchase price of PCD loans acquired	$ 161,939

XML

Allowance for Credit Losses - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Accrued interest related to financial assets held at amortized cost	$ 351,500	$ 290,900	$ 351,500	$ 290,900	$ 304,500
Financial Asset, Amortized Cost, Accrued Interest, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued interest receivable and other	Accrued interest receivable and other	Accrued interest receivable and other	Accrued interest receivable and other	Accrued interest receivable and other
Nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses	$ 62,700		$ 62,700
Provision for credit losses	22,300	$ 19,948	83,900	$ 71,589
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	15,547		15,547
Loan net charge-offs	26,700		78,500
Provision for credit losses	(12)		132
Foreclosed residential real estate properties	0		0
Commitments to lend	8,600	45,000	8,600	45,000
Macatawa Bank Corporation
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	15,500
Home equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses		307		(338)
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	1,344		1,344
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses		484		1,833
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	638		638
Premium finance receivables
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Provision for credit losses		7,776		13,196
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	0		0
Financing Receivable | Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Recorded investment, foreclosure proceedings in process	$ 40,400	$ 55,100	$ 40,400	$ 55,100

XML

Allowance for Credit Losses - Schedule of Aging of the Company's Loan Portfolio (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	$ 161,059		$ 104,967
Loans, net of unearned income	47,067,447	$ 42,131,831	41,446,032
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	0	0	117
Loans, net of unearned income	135,389	150,583	168,973
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	63,826	38,940	43,569
Loans, net of unearned income	15,247,693	12,832,053	12,725,473
Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	12,793,417	11,344,164	10,946,180
Commercial real estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	2,284	2,205	8,384
Loans, net of unearned income	2,403,690	2,084,041	1,893,773
Commercial real estate | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	39,787	33,254	8,659
Loans, net of unearned income	10,389,727	9,260,123	9,052,407
Home equity
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	1,122	1,341	1,363
Loans, net of unearned income	427,043	343,976	343,258
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	3,388,038	2,769,666	2,707,603
Residential real estate | Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	17,959	15,391	16,103
Loans, net of unearned income	3,252,649	2,619,083	2,538,630
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	36,079	27,590	26,756
Loans, net of unearned income	7,131,681	6,903,529	6,722,747
Premium finance receivables | Life insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	0	0	0
Loans, net of unearned income	7,996,899	7,877,943	7,931,808
Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	2	22	16
Loans, net of unearned income	82,676	60,500	68,963
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Nonaccrual	161,059	118,743	104,850
Loans, net of unearned income	46,932,058	41,981,248	41,277,059
90+ days and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	61,986	77,975	85,809
90+ days and still accruing | Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	43,358	57,688	57,558
90+ days and still accruing | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	20	98	200
90+ days and still accruing | Commercial real estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	0	0	0
90+ days and still accruing | Commercial real estate | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	225	0	1,092
90+ days and still accruing | Home equity
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	0	0	0
90+ days and still accruing | Residential real estate | Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	0	0	0
90+ days and still accruing | Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	18,235	20,135	16,253
90+ days and still accruing | Premium finance receivables | Life insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	0	0	10,679
90+ days and still accruing | Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	148	54	27
90+ days and still accruing | Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	18,628	20,287	28,251
60-89 days past due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	83,212	70,107	92,406
60-89 days past due | Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	150	250	2,116
60-89 days past due | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	32,560	19,488	22,889
60-89 days past due | Commercial real estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	757	251	2,438
60-89 days past due | Commercial real estate | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	12,682	8,264	4,957
60-89 days past due | Home equity
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	1,035	62	219
60-89 days past due | Residential real estate | Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	6,364	2,325	1,145
60-89 days past due | Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	18,740	23,236	16,552
60-89 days past due | Premium finance receivables | Life insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	10,902	16,206	41,894
60-89 days past due | Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	22	25	196
60-89 days past due | Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	83,062	69,857	90,290
30-59 days past due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	204,043	227,976	146,647
30-59 days past due | Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	0	328	0
30-59 days past due | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	46,057	85,743	35,681
30-59 days past due | Commercial real estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	1,798	1,343	31,292
30-59 days past due | Commercial real estate | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	46,548	19,291	29,692
30-59 days past due | Home equity
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	2,580	2,263	1,668
30-59 days past due | Residential real estate | Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	2,160	22,942	904
30-59 days past due | Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	30,204	50,437	31,919
30-59 days past due | Premium finance receivables | Life insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	74,432	45,464	14,972
30-59 days past due | Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	264	165	519
30-59 days past due | Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	204,043	227,648	146,647
Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	46,557,147	41,637,030	41,016,203
Current | Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	91,881	92,317	109,182
Current | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	15,105,230	12,687,784	12,623,134
Current | Commercial real estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	2,398,851	2,080,242	1,851,659
Current | Commercial real estate | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	10,290,485	9,199,314	9,008,007
Current | Home equity
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	422,306	340,310	340,008
Current | Residential real estate | Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	3,226,166	2,578,425	2,520,478
Current | Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	7,028,423	6,782,131	6,631,267
Current | Premium finance receivables | Life insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	7,911,565	7,816,273	7,864,263
Current | Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	82,240	60,234	68,205
Current | Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans, net of unearned income	$ 46,465,266	$ 41,544,713	$ 40,907,021

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Schedule of Loan Portfolio by Credit Quality Indicator (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	$ 12,511,611		$ 12,511,611
2023	12,102,441		12,102,441
2022	5,803,751		5,803,751
2021	3,950,457		3,950,457
2020	1,773,105		1,773,105
Prior	4,871,250		4,871,250
Revolving	6,031,596		6,031,596
Revolving to term	23,236		23,236
Total Loans	47,067,447	$ 41,446,032	47,067,447	$ 41,446,032	$ 42,131,831
Gross write offs
2024			8,223
2023			30,985
2022			5,797
2021			20,094
2020			2,206
Prior			22,310
Revolving			0
Revolving to term			0
Total loans	31,018	10,477	89,615	36,344
Commercial, industrial and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	2,471,209		2,471,209
2023	2,489,122		2,489,122
2022	1,964,100		1,964,100
2021	1,338,727		1,338,727
2020	485,323		485,323
Prior	1,154,974		1,154,974
Revolving	5,328,312		5,328,312
Revolving to term	15,926		15,926
Total Loans	15,247,693		15,247,693
Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	196,556		196,556
2023	574,767		574,767
2022	999,643		999,643
2021	290,426		290,426
2020	99,003		99,003
Prior	221,955		221,955
Revolving	21,340		21,340
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	2,403,690		2,403,690
Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	1,082,442		1,082,442
2023	1,545,615		1,545,615
2022	1,978,827		1,978,827
2021	1,527,432		1,527,432
2020	968,801		968,801
Prior	3,065,541		3,065,541
Revolving	218,925		218,925
Revolving to term	2,144		2,144
Total Loans	10,389,727		10,389,727
Home equity
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	70		70
2023	64		64
2022	762		762
2021	369		369
2020	176		176
Prior	14,880		14,880
Revolving	405,556		405,556
Revolving to term	5,166		5,166
Total Loans	427,043	343,258	427,043	343,258	343,976
Gross write offs
Total loans	0	227	74	227
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	584,925		584,925
2023	544,517		544,517
2022	855,216		855,216
2021	786,145		786,145
2020	219,642		219,642
Prior	397,593		397,593
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	3,388,038	2,707,603	3,388,038	2,707,603	2,769,666
Gross write offs
Total loans	0	78	61	78
Premium finance receivables - property and casualty
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	6,933,253		6,933,253
2023	191,648		191,648
2022	339		339
2021	6,369		6,369
2020	72		72
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	7,131,681		7,131,681
Premium finance receivables - life
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	1,239,820		1,239,820
2023	6,753,150		6,753,150
2022	3,929		3,929
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	7,996,899		7,996,899
Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	3,336		3,336
2023	3,558		3,558
2022	935		935
2021	989		989
2020	88		88
Prior	16,307		16,307
Revolving	57,463		57,463
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	82,676	68,963	82,676	68,963	$ 60,500
Gross write offs
Total loans	154	$ 184	398	$ 447
Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	12,384,052		12,384,052
2023	11,917,419		11,917,419
2022	5,581,704		5,581,704
2021	3,751,436		3,751,436
2020	1,704,373		1,704,373
Prior	4,476,188		4,476,188
Revolving	5,744,582		5,744,582
Revolving to term	20,320		20,320
Total Loans	45,580,074		45,580,074
Pass | Commercial, industrial and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	2,460,772		2,460,772
2023	2,366,998		2,366,998
2022	1,841,838		1,841,838
2021	1,219,759		1,219,759
2020	463,726		463,726
Prior	1,115,942		1,115,942
Revolving	5,053,494		5,053,494
Revolving to term	13,568		13,568
Total Loans	14,536,097		14,536,097
Pass | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	196,556		196,556
2023	573,342		573,342
2022	965,654		965,654
2021	289,324		289,324
2020	95,193		95,193
Prior	149,561		149,561
Revolving	17,560		17,560
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	2,287,190		2,287,190
Pass | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	1,078,671		1,078,671
2023	1,527,560		1,527,560
2022	1,934,856		1,934,856
2021	1,460,051		1,460,051
2020	933,785		933,785
Prior	2,929,344		2,929,344
Revolving	217,237		217,237
Revolving to term	2,144		2,144
Total Loans	10,083,648		10,083,648
Pass | Home equity
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	70		70
2023	0		0
2022	45		45
2021	175		175
2020	0		0
Prior	6,771		6,771
Revolving	398,843		398,843
Revolving to term	4,608		4,608
Total Loans	410,512		410,512
Pass | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	584,491		584,491
2023	535,419		535,419
2022	834,543		834,543
2021	774,793		774,793
2020	211,510		211,510
Prior	258,425		258,425
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	3,199,181		3,199,181
Pass | Premium finance receivables - property and casualty
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	6,827,867		6,827,867
2023	169,649		169,649
2022	0		0
2021	6,351		6,351
2020	71		71
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	7,003,938		7,003,938
Pass | Premium finance receivables - life
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	1,232,306		1,232,306
2023	6,740,906		6,740,906
2022	3,929		3,929
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	7,977,141		7,977,141
Pass | Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	3,319		3,319
2023	3,545		3,545
2022	839		839
2021	983		983
2020	88		88
Prior	16,145		16,145
Revolving	57,448		57,448
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	82,367		82,367
Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	95,122		95,122
2023	96,744		96,744
2022	126,698		126,698
2021	117,580		117,580
2020	19,251		19,251
Prior	96,329		96,329
Revolving	175,815		175,815
Revolving to term	1,928		1,928
Total Loans	729,467		729,467
Special mention | Commercial, industrial and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	6,148		6,148
2023	68,788		68,788
2022	72,908		72,908
2021	80,229		80,229
2020	13,257		13,257
Prior	17,456		17,456
Revolving	164,169		164,169
Revolving to term	1,474		1,474
Total Loans	424,429		424,429
Special mention | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	417		417
2022	14,990		14,990
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior	14,794		14,794
Revolving	3,780		3,780
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	33,981		33,981
Special mention | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	3,613		3,613
2023	13,006		13,006
2022	29,415		29,415
2021	35,222		35,222
2020	5,298		5,298
Prior	51,144		51,144
Revolving	1,688		1,688
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	139,386		139,386
Special mention | Home equity
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	48		48
2022	220		220
2021	59		59
2020	119		119
Prior	2,871		2,871
Revolving	6,172		6,172
Revolving to term	454		454
Total Loans	9,943		9,943
Special mention | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	250		250
2023	2,846		2,846
2022	9,093		9,093
2021	2,063		2,063
2020	577		577
Prior	9,928		9,928
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	24,757		24,757
Special mention | Premium finance receivables - property and casualty
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	85,094		85,094
2023	3,442		3,442
2022	64		64
2021	2		2
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	88,602		88,602
Special mention | Premium finance receivables - life
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	8,188		8,188
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	8,188		8,188
Special mention | Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	17		17
2023	9		9
2022	8		8
2021	5		5
2020	0		0
Prior	136		136
Revolving	6		6
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	181		181
Substandard accrual
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	13,234		13,234
2023	58,402		58,402
2022	78,965		78,965
2021	62,993		62,993
2020	39,930		39,930
Prior	127,683		127,683
Revolving	79,580		79,580
Revolving to term	671		671
Total Loans	461,458		461,458
Substandard accrual | Commercial, industrial and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	3,789		3,789
2023	47,800		47,800
2022	42,374		42,374
2021	29,408		29,408
2020	7,256		7,256
Prior	13,029		13,029
Revolving	79,030		79,030
Revolving to term	655		655
Total Loans	223,341		223,341
Substandard accrual | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	757		757
2022	18,999		18,999
2021	1,102		1,102
2020	1,777		1,777
Prior	57,600		57,600
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	80,235		80,235
Substandard accrual | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	158		158
2023	3,876		3,876
2022	14,103		14,103
2021	31,573		31,573
2020	29,718		29,718
Prior	47,478		47,478
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	126,906		126,906
Substandard accrual | Home equity
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	16		16
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	57		57
Prior	4,836		4,836
Revolving	541		541
Revolving to term	16		16
Total Loans	5,466		5,466
Substandard accrual | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	24		24
2023	585		585
2022	3,401		3,401
2021	906		906
2020	1,122		1,122
Prior	4,714		4,714
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	10,752		10,752
Substandard accrual | Premium finance receivables - property and casualty
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	1,749		1,749
2023	1,308		1,308
2022	1		1
2021	4		4
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	3,062		3,062
Substandard accrual | Premium finance receivables - life
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	7,514		7,514
2023	4,056		4,056
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	11,570		11,570
Substandard accrual | Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	4		4
2022	87		87
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior	26		26
Revolving	9		9
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	126		126
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	19,203		19,203
2023	25,282		25,282
2022	12,641		12,641
2021	14,689		14,689
2020	4,345		4,345
Prior	52,963		52,963
Revolving	31,619		31,619
Revolving to term	317		317
Total Loans	161,059		161,059
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful | Commercial, industrial and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	500		500
2023	5,536		5,536
2022	6,980		6,980
2021	9,331		9,331
2020	1,084		1,084
Prior	8,547		8,547
Revolving	31,619		31,619
Revolving to term	229		229
Total Loans	63,826		63,826
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	251		251
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	2,033		2,033
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	2,284		2,284
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	1,173		1,173
2022	453		453
2021	586		586
2020	0		0
Prior	37,575		37,575
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	39,787		39,787
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful | Home equity
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	0		0
2022	497		497
2021	135		135
2020	0		0
Prior	402		402
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	88		88
Total Loans	1,122		1,122
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	160		160
2023	1,073		1,073
2022	4,436		4,436
2021	4,624		4,624
2020	1,227		1,227
Prior	6,439		6,439
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	17,959		17,959
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful | Premium finance receivables - property and casualty
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	18,543		18,543
2023	17,249		17,249
2022	274		274
2021	12		12
2020	1		1
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	36,079		36,079
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful | Premium finance receivables - life
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	0		0
2022	0		0
2021	0		0
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	0		0
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful | Consumer and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	0		0
2022	1		1
2021	1		1
2020	0		0
Prior	0		0
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	2		2
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	4,594		4,594
2022	3,743		3,743
2021	3,759		3,759
2020	5,206		5,206
Prior	118,087		118,087
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	135,389		135,389
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0		0
2023	4,594		4,594
2022	3,743		3,743
2021	3,759		3,759
2020	5,206		5,206
Prior	118,087		118,087
Revolving	0		0
Revolving to term	0		0
Total Loans	$ 135,389		$ 135,389

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Allowance for Credit Losses - Schedule of Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities by Credit Quality Indicator (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 3,677,899	$ 3,857,263	$ 3,909,531
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(479)	(347)	(381)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses	3,677,420	3,856,916	3,909,150
U.S. government agencies
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0
2023	0
2022	135,000
2021	147,818
2020	25,000
Prior	6,760
Amortized Cost	314,578	336,468	339,598
U.S. government agencies | 1-4 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0
2023	0
2022	135,000
2021	147,818
2020	25,000
Prior	6,760
Amortized Cost	314,578
U.S. government agencies | 5-7 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior
Amortized Cost	0
U.S. government agencies | 8-10 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior
Amortized Cost	0
Municipal
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0
2023	4,176
2022	1,034
2021	6,839
2020	258
Prior	152,834
Amortized Cost	165,141	$ 172,933	$ 176,262
Municipal | 1-4 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0
2023	4,176
2022	1,034
2021	6,839
2020	258
Prior	150,481
Amortized Cost	162,788
Municipal | 5-7 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0
2023	0
2022	0
2021	0
2020	0
Prior	2,353
Amortized Cost	2,353
Municipal | 8-10 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior
Amortized Cost	0
Mortgage-backed securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0
2023	352,905
2022	544,887
2021	2,243,363
2020	0
Prior	0
Amortized Cost	3,141,155
Mortgage-backed securities | 1-4 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0
2023	352,905
2022	544,887
2021	2,243,363
2020	0
Prior	0
Amortized Cost	3,141,155
Mortgage-backed securities | 5-7 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior
Amortized Cost	0
Mortgage-backed securities | 8-10 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior
Amortized Cost	0
Corporate notes
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0
2023	0
2022	14,968
2021	0
2020	6,005
Prior	36,052
Amortized Cost	57,025
Corporate notes | 1-4 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024	0
2023	0
2022	14,968
2021	0
2020	6,005
Prior	36,052
Amortized Cost	57,025
Corporate notes | 5-7 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior
Amortized Cost	0
Corporate notes | 8-10 internal grade
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Prior
Amortized Cost	$ 0

XML

Allowance for Credit Losses - Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending-related commitments losses	$ 435,714	$ 437,069	$ 427,265	$ 399,150	$ 387,380	$ 357,448
Allowance for held-to-maturity securities losses	479		347	381
Allowance for credit losses	436,193		427,612	399,531
Loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending-related commitments losses	360,279		344,235	315,039
Unfunded lending-related commitments
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending-related commitments losses	75,435		83,030	84,111
Loans and unfunded lending-related commitments
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending-related commitments losses	$ 435,714		$ 427,265	$ 399,150

XML

Allowance for Credit Losses - Schedule of Activity in the Allowance for Credit Losses by Loan Portfolio (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$ 437,069	$ 387,380	$ 427,265	$ 357,448
Other adjustments	30	(60)	(20)	(15)
Charge-offs	(31,018)	(10,477)	(89,615)	(36,344)
Recoveries	4,283	2,359	11,144	5,731
Provision for credit losses - Other	6,799		68,389
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	15,547		15,547
Provision for credit losses	22,300	19,948	83,900	71,589
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	3,004		3,004
Allowance for credit losses at period end	435,714	399,150	435,714	399,150	$ 357,448
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]					Accounting Standards Update 2022-02 [Member]
Individually measured	27,630	15,302	27,630	15,302
Collectively measured	408,084	383,848	408,084	383,848
Loans at period end, individually evaluated for impairment	124,586	77,937	124,586	77,937
Loans at period end, collectively evaluated for impairment	46,804,823	41,196,917	46,804,823	41,196,917
Loans held-for-investment	138,038	171,178	138,038	$ 171,178
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]				Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period				$ 741
Allowance for credit losses at period end					$ 741
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	181,991	143,142	169,604	142,769
Other adjustments	0	0	0	0
Charge-offs	(22,975)	(2,427)	(43,774)	(10,599)
Recoveries	649	1,162	2,078	2,059
Provision for credit losses - Other	7,128		38,885
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	2,967		2,967
Provision for credit losses		9,611		17,148
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	1,838		1,838
Allowance for credit losses at period end	171,598	151,488	171,598	151,488	142,769
Individually measured	21,573	9,773	21,573	9,773
Collectively measured	150,025	141,715	150,025	141,715
Loans at period end, individually evaluated for impairment	63,826	43,569	63,826	43,569
Loans at period end, collectively evaluated for impairment	15,183,867	12,681,904	15,183,867	12,681,904
Loans held-for-investment	0	0	0	0
Commercial | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period				111
Allowance for credit losses at period end					111
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	223,728	215,696	223,853	184,352
Other adjustments	0	0	0	0
Charge-offs	(95)	(1,713)	(21,090)	(9,842)
Recoveries	30	243	151	368
Provision for credit losses - Other	(4,162)		16,587
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	10,540		10,540
Provision for credit losses		1,492		39,484
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	1,103		1,103
Allowance for credit losses at period end	231,144	215,718	231,144	215,718	184,352
Individually measured	5,958	5,408	5,958	5,408
Collectively measured	225,186	210,310	225,186	210,310
Loans at period end, individually evaluated for impairment	42,071	17,043	42,071	17,043
Loans at period end, collectively evaluated for impairment	12,751,346	10,929,137	12,751,346	10,929,137
Loans held-for-investment	0	0	0	0
Commercial Real Estate | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period				1,356
Allowance for credit losses at period end					1,356
Home  Equity
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	7,242	6,967	7,116	7,573
Other adjustments	0	0	0	0
Charge-offs	0	(227)	(74)	(227)
Recoveries	101	33	165	105
Provision for credit losses - Other	134		270
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	1,344		1,344
Provision for credit losses		307		(338)
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	2		2
Allowance for credit losses at period end	8,823	7,080	8,823	7,080	7,573
Individually measured	50	0	50	0
Collectively measured	8,773	7,080	8,773	7,080
Loans at period end, individually evaluated for impairment	1,122	1,363	1,122	1,363
Loans at period end, collectively evaluated for impairment	425,921	341,895	425,921	341,895
Loans held-for-investment	0	0	0	0
Home  Equity | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period				(33)
Allowance for credit losses at period end					(33)
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	8,773	12,252	13,133	11,585
Other adjustments	0	0	0	0
Charge-offs	0	(78)	(61)	(78)
Recoveries	5	1	15	11
Provision for credit losses - Other	268		(4,041)
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	638		638
Provision for credit losses		484		1,833
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	61		61
Allowance for credit losses at period end	9,745	12,659	9,745	12,659	11,585
Individually measured	48	109	48	109
Collectively measured	9,697	12,550	9,697	12,550
Loans at period end, individually evaluated for impairment	17,565	15,946	17,565	15,946
Loans at period end, collectively evaluated for impairment	3,232,435	2,520,479	3,232,435	2,520,479
Loans held-for-investment	138,038	171,178	138,038	171,178
Residential real estate | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period				(692)
Allowance for credit losses at period end					(692)
Premium Finance Receivables
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	14,746	9,046	13,069	10,671
Other adjustments	30	(60)	(20)	(15)
Charge-offs	(7,794)	(5,848)	(24,218)	(15,151)
Recoveries	3,477	906	8,667	3,119
Provision for credit losses - Other	3,284		16,245
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	0		0
Provision for credit losses		7,776		13,196
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	0		0
Allowance for credit losses at period end	13,743	11,820	13,743	11,820	10,671
Individually measured	0	0	0	0
Collectively measured	13,743	11,820	13,743	11,820
Loans at period end, individually evaluated for impairment	0	0	0	0
Loans at period end, collectively evaluated for impairment	15,128,580	14,654,555	15,128,580	14,654,555
Loans held-for-investment	0	0	0	0
Premium Finance Receivables | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period				0
Allowance for credit losses at period end					0
Consumer and Other
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	589	277	490	498
Other adjustments	0	0	0	0
Charge-offs	(154)	(184)	(398)	(447)
Recoveries	21	14	68	69
Provision for credit losses - Other	147		443
Provision for credit losses - Day 1 on non-PCD assets acquired during the period	58		58
Provision for credit losses		278		266
Initial allowance for credit losses recognized on PCD assets acquired during the period	0		0
Allowance for credit losses at period end	661	385	661	385	498
Individually measured	1	12	1	12
Collectively measured	660	373	660	373
Loans at period end, individually evaluated for impairment	2	16	2	16
Loans at period end, collectively evaluated for impairment	82,674	68,947	82,674	68,947
Loans held-for-investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0
Consumer and Other | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period				$ (1)
Allowance for credit losses at period end					$ (1)

XML

Allowance for Credit Losses - Schedule of Modification of Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 3,209	$ 1,437	$ 8,274	$ 47,229	$ 14,696
Percentage of Total Class of Loan	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.10%
Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 1,462	$ 1,437	$ 4,917	$ 5,444
Duration of Extension of Term (months)	9 months	16 months	9 months	33 months
Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 1,499	$ 0	$ 1,670	$ 1,319
Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)		0.00%	1.56%	2.23%
Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	17		$ 336
Delay in Contractual Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	$ 0	954	$ 35,304
Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 231	$ 0	$ 397	$ 5,162
Payment Deferral, Quarterly (QTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months
Payment Deferral, Year-to-Date (YTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	18 months	17 months	18 months	17 months	18 months
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 1,469	$ 1,256	$ 4,687	$ 39,153	$ 6,757
Percentage of Total Class of Loan	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.30%
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 1,240	$ 1,256	$ 4,195	$ 3,194
Duration of Extension of Term (months)	27 months	16 months	35 months	15 months
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 42	$ 0	$ 42	$ 221
Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)		0.00%	1.13%	1.08%
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	17		$ 17
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Delay in Contractual Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	$ 0	97	$ 35,265
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 170	$ 0	$ 336	$ 473
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Payment Deferral, Quarterly (QTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Payment Deferral, Year-to-Date (YTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	34 months	16 months	34 months	16 months	34 months
Commercial real estate | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 192	$ 0	$ 1,662	$ 5,709	$ 2,933
Percentage of Total Class of Loan	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.10%
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 192	$ 0	$ 486	$ 467
Duration of Extension of Term (months)	6 months	0 months	29 months	40 months
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 827
Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)		0.00%	0.00%	2.32%
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0		$ 319
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Delay in Contractual Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	$ 0	857	$ 39
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 4,376
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Payment Deferral, Quarterly (QTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Payment Deferral, Year-to-Date (YTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	16 months	101 months	16 months	101 months	16 months
Home equity
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 0	$ 89	$ 203	$ 588
Percentage of Total Class of Loan	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.10%
Home equity | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 0	$ 89	$ 203
Duration of Extension of Term (months)	0 months	0 months	12 months	12 months
Home equity | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)		0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Home equity | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0		$ 0
Home equity | Delay in Contractual Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Home equity | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Home equity | Payment Deferral, Quarterly (QTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months
Home equity | Payment Deferral, Year-to-Date (YTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 141	$ 282	$ 2,113	$ 282
Percentage of Total Class of Loan	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.10%
Residential real estate | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 141	$ 114	$ 1,537
Duration of Extension of Term (months)	0 months	14 months	19 months	54 months
Residential real estate | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 0	$ 168	$ 271
Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)		0.00%	2.01%	2.84%
Residential real estate | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0		$ 0
Residential real estate | Delay in Contractual Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Residential real estate | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 305
Residential real estate | Payment Deferral, Quarterly (QTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months
Residential real estate | Payment Deferral, Year-to-Date (YTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months
Premium finance receivables | Payment Deferral, Quarterly (QTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months		0 months		0 months
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 1,548	$ 40	$ 1,554	$ 51	$ 1,632
Percentage of Total Class of Loan	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 30	$ 40	$ 33	$ 43
Duration of Extension of Term (months)	4 months	2 months	6 months	2 months
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 1,457	$ 0	$ 1,460	$ 0
Reduction of  Interest Rate (bps)		0.00%	0.86%	0.50%
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0		$ 0
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Delay in Contractual Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 61	$ 0	$ 61	$ 8
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Payment Deferral, Quarterly (QTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Payment Deferral, Year-to-Date (YTD)
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Duration of Delay in Contractual Payments (months)	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months	0 months

XML

Allowance for Credit Losses - Schedule of Loans for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulties Modified (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 3,209	$ 1,437	$ 8,274	$ 47,229	$ 14,696
Payments in Default
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	954	35,304
Post-modification loan balances, payments in default	89	19,882	3,554	20,817
Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	1,462	1,437	4,917	5,444
Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	1,499	0	1,670	1,319
Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	17		336
Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	231	0	397	5,162
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	1,469	1,256	4,687	39,153	6,757
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Payments in Default
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	97	35,265
Post-modification loan balances, payments in default	42	18,727	1,826	18,749
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	1,240	1,256	4,195	3,194
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	42	0	42	221
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	17		17
Commercial | Commercial, industrial and other | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	170	0	336	473
Commercial real estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances				0	2,504
Commercial real estate | Construction and development | Payments in Default
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances, payments in default	0	0	0	0
Commercial real estate | Non-construction
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	192	0	1,662	5,709	2,933
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Payments in Default
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	857	39
Post-modification loan balances, payments in default	0	95	923	923
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	192	0	486	467
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	0	827
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0		319
Commercial real estate | Non-construction | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	0	4,376
Home equity
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	89	203	588
Home equity | Payments in Default
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	0	0
Post-modification loan balances, payments in default	0	203	203	203
Home equity | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	89	203
Home equity | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	0	0
Home equity | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0		0
Home equity | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	0	0
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	141	282	2,113	282
Residential real estate | Payments in Default
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	0	0
Post-modification loan balances, payments in default	0	817	541	902
Residential real estate | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	141	114	1,537
Residential real estate | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	168	271
Residential real estate | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0		0
Residential real estate | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	0	305
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	1,548	40	1,554	51	$ 1,632
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Payments in Default
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0	0	0	0
Post-modification loan balances, payments in default	47	40	61	40
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Extension of Term
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	30	40	33	43
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	1,457	0	1,460	0
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Interest Only Payments
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	0		0
Premium finance receivables | Property and casualty insurance loans | Extended of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Post-modification loan balances	$ 61	$ 0	$ 61	$ 8

XML

Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill Assets by Reporting Unit (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 656,672
Goodwill Acquired	144,586
Impairment Loss	0
Goodwill Adjustments	(478)
Ending balance	800,780
Community banking
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	545,671
Goodwill Acquired	144,586
Impairment Loss	0
Goodwill Adjustments	0
Ending balance	690,257
Specialty finance
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	39,006
Goodwill Acquired	0
Impairment Loss	0
Goodwill Adjustments	(478)
Ending balance	38,528
Wealth management
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	71,995
Goodwill Acquired	0
Impairment Loss	0
Goodwill Adjustments	0
Ending balance	$ 71,995

XML

Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of other acquisition-related intangible assets	$ 4,042	$ 1,408	$ 6,322	$ 4,142
Community banking
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) goodwill, foreign currency translation	144,600
Community banking | Macatawa Bank Corporation | Trademark
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets acquired	$ 8,000
Community banking | Core deposit intangibles
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization period in years, other intangible assets	10 years		10 years
Community banking | Core deposit intangibles | Macatawa Bank Corporation
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived assets acquired	$ 99,300
Specialty finance
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) goodwill, foreign currency translation			$ (478)
Specialty finance | Customer list intangibles
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization period in years, other intangible assets	18 years		18 years
Wealth management | Customer list and other intangibles
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization period in years, other intangible assets	10 years		10 years

XML

Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets - Schedule of Amortization of Finite-Lived Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Intangibles with finite lives
Accumulated amortization	$ (73,032)	$ (66,710)	$ (65,354)
Intangibles with indefinite lives
Gross carrying amount	196,898	89,599	89,598
Total other acquisition-related intangible assets, net	123,866	22,889	24,244
Community banking
Intangibles with indefinite lives
Total other acquisition-related intangible assets, net	116,948	14,881	15,702
Community banking | Trademark
Intangibles with indefinite lives
Carrying amount	13,800	5,800	5,800
Community banking | Core deposit intangibles
Intangibles with finite lives
Gross carrying amount	154,506	55,206	55,206
Accumulated amortization	(51,358)	(46,125)	(45,304)
Net carrying amount	103,148	9,081	9,902
Specialty finance | Customer list intangibles
Intangibles with finite lives
Gross carrying amount	1,962	1,963	1,962
Accumulated amortization	(1,871)	(1,837)	(1,826)
Net carrying amount	91	126	136
Wealth management | Customer list and other intangibles
Intangibles with finite lives
Gross carrying amount	26,630	26,630	26,630
Accumulated amortization	(19,803)	(18,748)	(18,224)
Net carrying amount	$ 6,827	$ 7,882	$ 8,406

XML

Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets - Schedule of Estimated Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Actual in nine months ended September 30, 2024	$ 4,042	$ 1,408	$ 6,322	$ 4,142
Estimated remaining in 2024	5,501		5,501
Estimated—2025	20,784		20,784
Estimated—2026	18,268		18,268
Estimated—2027	15,848		15,848
Estimated—2028	$ 13,477		$ 13,477

XML

Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs") (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Servicing Asset at Fair Value, Amount [Roll Forward]
Fair value at beginning of the period	$ 204,610	$ 200,692	$ 192,456	$ 230,225
Additions from loans sold with servicing retained	6,357	9,706	19,959	23,533
Servicing rights sold	0	0	0	(30,170)
Estimate of changes in fair value due to:
Payoffs, paydowns and repurchases	(7,328)	(4,597)	(17,248)	(13,549)
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions	(17,331)	4,723	(8,859)	485
Fair value at end of the period	186,308	210,524	186,308	210,524
Unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others	$ 12,253,361	$ 11,885,531	$ 12,253,361	$ 11,885,531

XML

Deposits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Balance:
Non-interest-bearing	$ 10,739,132	$ 10,420,401	$ 10,347,006
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	5,466,932	5,797,649	6,006,114
Wealth management deposits	1,303,354	1,614,499	1,788,099
Money market	17,713,726	15,149,215	14,478,504
Savings	6,183,249	5,790,334	5,584,294
Time certificates of deposit	9,998,573	6,625,072	6,788,669
Total deposits	$ 51,404,966	$ 45,397,170	$ 44,992,686
Mix:
Non-interest-bearing	21.00%	23.00%	23.00%
NOW and interest-bearing demand deposits	11.00%	13.00%	13.00%
Wealth management deposits	3.00%	4.00%	4.00%
Money market	34.00%	33.00%	32.00%
Savings	12.00%	13.00%	13.00%
Time certificates of deposit	19.00%	14.00%	15.00%
Total deposits	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

XML

FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes - Schedule of FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
FHLB advances	$ 3,171,309	$ 2,326,071	$ 2,326,071
Other borrowings:
Notes payable	149,894	171,282	178,411
Short-term borrowings	0	13,430	14,183
Secured borrowings	439,513	401,897	391,681
Other	57,636	59,204	59,724
Total other borrowings	647,043	645,813	643,999
Subordinated notes	298,188	437,866	437,731
Total FHLB advances, other borrowings and subordinated notes	$ 4,116,540	$ 3,409,750	$ 3,407,801

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FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Aug. 29, 2024	Aug. 28, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured borrowings	$ 439,513,000	$ 439,513,000	$ 391,681,000			$ 401,897,000
Outstanding subordinated notes	298,188,000	298,188,000	437,731,000			437,866,000
Repayments of subordinated notes		140,000,000	0
Collateral Pledged
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Pledged financial instruments	0	0
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase | Maturity Overnight
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	0	0	14,200,000			13,400,000
Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured borrowings	10,900,000	10,900,000	8,900,000			9,400,000
Fixed Rate Promissory Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt	$ 66,400,000	$ 66,400,000
Stated interest rate	1.70%	1.70%
Term Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount outstanding	$ 149,900,000	$ 149,900,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount outstanding	0	0
Receivables Purchase Agreement | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity				$ 650,000,000	$ 520,000,000
Secured borrowings	428,600,000	$ 428,600,000	$ 382,800,000			$ 392,500,000
Basis spread on variable rate		0.825%
4.85% subordinated notes maturing in June 2029 | Subordinated Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate							4.85%
5.00% subordinated notes maturing in June 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of subordinated notes	$ 140,000,000
5.00% subordinated notes maturing in June 2024 | Subordinated Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate	5.00%	5.00%

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Junior Subordinated Debentures - Schedule of Junior Subordinated Debentures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 253,566	$ 253,566	$ 253,566
Junior Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 253,566	$ 253,600	$ 253,600
Weighted average contractual rate	7.33%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Wintrust Capital Trust III
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 774
Trust  Preferred Securities	25,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 25,774
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	3.25%
Weighted average contractual rate	8.81%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Wintrust Statutory Trust IV
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 619
Trust  Preferred Securities	20,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 20,619
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	2.80%
Weighted average contractual rate	7.67%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Wintrust Statutory Trust V
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 1,238
Trust  Preferred Securities	40,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 41,238
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	2.60%
Weighted average contractual rate	7.47%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Wintrust Capital Trust VII
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 1,550
Trust  Preferred Securities	50,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 51,550
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	1.95%
Weighted average contractual rate	7.16%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Wintrust Capital Trust VIII
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 1,238
Trust  Preferred Securities	25,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 26,238
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	1.45%
Weighted average contractual rate	6.32%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Wintrust Capital Trust IX
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 1,547
Trust  Preferred Securities	50,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 51,547
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	1.63%
Weighted average contractual rate	6.84%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Northview Capital Trust I
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 186
Trust  Preferred Securities	6,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 6,186
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	3.00%
Weighted average contractual rate	8.51%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Town Bankshares Capital Trust I
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 186
Trust  Preferred Securities	6,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 6,186
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	3.00%
Weighted average contractual rate	8.51%
Junior Subordinated Debt | First Northwest Capital Trust I
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 155
Trust  Preferred Securities	5,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 5,155
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	3.00%
Weighted average contractual rate	7.87%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Suburban Illinois Capital Trust II
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 464
Trust  Preferred Securities	15,000
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 15,464
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	1.75%
Weighted average contractual rate	6.96%
Junior Subordinated Debt | Community Financial Shares Statutory Trust II
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Common Securities	$ 109
Trust  Preferred Securities	3,500
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 3,609
Rate structure, stated	0.26161%
Rate structure, variable	1.62%
Weighted average contractual rate	6.83%

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Junior Subordinated Debentures - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 253,566	$ 253,566	$ 253,566
Junior Subordinated Debt
Subordinated Borrowing [Line Items]
Junior subordinated debentures	$ 253,566	$ 253,600	$ 253,600
Weighted average contractual rate	7.33%

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Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 segment subsidiary
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments	3
Number of subsidiaries | subsidiary	16
Community banking
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments	1

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Segment Information - Schedule of Operating Information for Reportable Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Net interest income:
Net interest income	$ 502,583	$ 462,358	$ 1,437,387	$ 1,367,890
Net interest income, change in contribution	$ 40,225		$ 69,497
Net interest income, percent change in contribution	9.00%		5.00%
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for credit losses	$ 22,334	19,923	$ 84,068	71,482
Provision for credit losses, change in contribution	$ 2,411		$ 12,586
Provision for credit losses, percent change in contribution	12.00%		18.00%
Non-interest income:
Non-interest income	$ 113,147	112,478	$ 374,874	333,277
Non-interest income, change in contribution	$ 669		$ 41,597
Non-interest income, percent change in contribution	1.00%		12.00%
Net revenue:
Net revenue	$ 615,730	574,836	$ 1,812,261	1,701,167
Net revenue, change in contribution	$ 40,894		$ 111,094
Net revenue, percent change in contribution	7.00%		7.00%
Segment profit:
Segment profit	$ 170,001	164,198	$ 509,683	499,146
Segment profit, change in contribution	$ 5,803		$ 10,537
Segment profit, percent change in contribution	4.00%		15.00%
Segment assets:
Segment assets	$ 63,788,424	55,555,246	$ 63,788,424	55,555,246	$ 56,259,934
Segment assets, change in contribution	$ 8,233,178
Segment assets, percent change in contribution	15.00%
Community banking
Segment profit:
Segment profit	$ 115,213	115,156	326,495	351,905
Segment profit, change in contribution	$ 57		$ (25,410)
Segment profit, percent change in contribution	0.00%		18.00%
Segment assets:
Segment assets	$ 51,598,626	43,801,560	$ 51,598,626	43,801,560
Segment assets, change in contribution	$ 7,797,066
Segment assets, percent change in contribution	18.00%
Specialty finance
Segment profit:
Segment profit	$ 46,803	40,548	142,417	123,687
Segment profit, change in contribution	$ 6,255		$ 18,730
Segment profit, percent change in contribution	15.00%		5.00%
Segment assets:
Segment assets	$ 11,047,585	10,521,547	$ 11,047,585	10,521,547
Segment assets, change in contribution	$ 526,038
Segment assets, percent change in contribution	5.00%
Wealth management
Segment profit:
Segment profit	$ 7,985	8,494	40,771	23,554
Segment profit, change in contribution	$ (509)		$ 17,217
Segment profit, percent change in contribution	(6.00%)		(7.00%)
Segment assets:
Segment assets	$ 1,142,213	1,232,139	$ 1,142,213	1,232,139
Segment assets, change in contribution	$ (89,926)
Segment assets, percent change in contribution	(7.00%)
Operating Segments
Net interest income:
Net interest income	$ 492,274	453,999	1,407,950	1,341,782
Net interest income, change in contribution	$ 38,275		$ 66,168
Net interest income, percent change in contribution	8.00%		5.00%
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for credit losses	$ 22,334	19,923	$ 84,068	71,482
Provision for credit losses, change in contribution	$ 2,411		$ 12,586
Provision for credit losses, percent change in contribution	12.00%		18.00%
Non-interest income:
Non-interest income	$ 133,341	128,641	$ 433,320	386,719
Non-interest income, change in contribution	$ 4,700		$ 46,601
Non-interest income, percent change in contribution	4.00%		12.00%
Net revenue:
Net revenue	$ 625,615	582,640	$ 1,841,270	1,728,501
Net revenue, change in contribution	$ 42,975		$ 112,769
Net revenue, percent change in contribution	7.00%		7.00%
Operating Segments | Community banking
Net interest income:
Net interest income	$ 396,894	360,575	$ 1,119,411	1,076,655
Net interest income, change in contribution	$ 36,319		$ 42,756
Net interest income, percent change in contribution	10.00%		4.00%
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for credit losses	$ 20,475	16,742	$ 77,192	64,554
Provision for credit losses, change in contribution	$ 3,733		$ 12,638
Provision for credit losses, percent change in contribution	22.00%		20.00%
Non-interest income:
Non-interest income	$ 66,323	70,536	$ 212,578	207,399
Non-interest income, change in contribution	$ (4,213)		$ 5,179
Non-interest income, percent change in contribution	(6.00%)		2.00%
Net revenue:
Net revenue	$ 463,217	431,111	$ 1,331,989	1,284,054
Net revenue, change in contribution	$ 32,106		$ 47,935
Net revenue, percent change in contribution	7.00%		4.00%
Operating Segments | Specialty finance
Net interest income:
Net interest income	$ 88,448	85,427	$ 265,921	240,771
Net interest income, change in contribution	$ 3,021		$ 25,150
Net interest income, percent change in contribution	4.00%		10.00%
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for credit losses	$ 1,859	3,181	$ 6,876	6,928
Provision for credit losses, change in contribution	$ (1,322)		$ (52)
Provision for credit losses, percent change in contribution	(42.00%)		(1.00%)
Non-interest income:
Non-interest income	$ 29,587	20,793	$ 89,221	78,320
Non-interest income, change in contribution	$ 8,794		$ 10,901
Non-interest income, percent change in contribution	42.00%		14.00%
Net revenue:
Net revenue	$ 118,035	106,220	$ 355,142	319,091
Net revenue, change in contribution	$ 11,815		$ 36,051
Net revenue, percent change in contribution	11.00%		11.00%
Operating Segments | Wealth management
Net interest income:
Net interest income	$ 6,932	7,997	$ 22,618	24,356
Net interest income, change in contribution	$ (1,065)		$ (1,738)
Net interest income, percent change in contribution	(13.00%)		(7.00%)
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for credit losses	$ 0	0	$ 0	0
Provision for credit losses, change in contribution	$ 0		$ 0
Provision for credit losses, percent change in contribution	0.00%		0.00%
Non-interest income:
Non-interest income	$ 37,431	37,312	$ 131,521	101,000
Non-interest income, change in contribution	$ 119		$ 30,521
Non-interest income, percent change in contribution	0.00%		30.00%
Net revenue:
Net revenue	$ 44,363	45,309	$ 154,139	125,356
Net revenue, change in contribution	$ (946)		$ 28,783
Net revenue, percent change in contribution	(2.00%)		23.00%
Intersegment Eliminations
Net interest income:
Net interest income	$ 10,309	8,359	$ 29,437	26,108
Net interest income, change in contribution	$ 1,950		$ 3,329
Net interest income, percent change in contribution	23.00%		13.00%
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for credit losses	$ 0	0	$ 0	0
Provision for credit losses, change in contribution	$ 0		$ 0
Provision for credit losses, percent change in contribution	0.00%		0.00%
Non-interest income:
Non-interest income	$ (20,194)	(16,163)	$ (58,446)	(53,442)
Non-interest income, change in contribution	$ (4,031)		$ (5,004)
Non-interest income, percent change in contribution	25.00%		9.00%
Net revenue:
Net revenue	$ (9,885)	$ (7,804)	$ (29,009)	$ (27,334)
Net revenue, change in contribution	$ (2,081)		$ (1,675)
Net revenue, percent change in contribution	27.00%		6.00%

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule of Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	$ 255,662	$ 275,726	$ 323,705
Derivative Liabilities	199,339	267,255	458,706
Interest rate derivatives
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	246,927	263,955	312,253
Derivative Liabilities	195,033	255,126	453,271
Designated as hedging instrument
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	61,471	52,465	17,929
Derivative Liabilities	14,873	44,729	157,355
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate derivatives | Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	53,402	40,116	0
Derivative Liabilities	14,522	44,456	157,355
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate derivatives | Interest rate derivatives designated as Fair Value Hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	8,069	12,349	17,929
Derivative Liabilities	351	273	0
Not designated as hedging instrument
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	194,191	223,261	305,776
Derivative Liabilities	184,466	222,526	301,351
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate derivatives
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	185,456	211,490	294,324
Derivative Liabilities	180,160	210,397	295,916
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate lock commitments
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	5,143	4,511	2,516
Derivative Liabilities	6	0	72
Not designated as hedging instrument | Forward commitments to sell mortgage loans
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	31	0	3,261
Derivative Liabilities	1,055	5,212	0
Not designated as hedging instrument | Commodity forward contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	1,647	888	1,320
Derivative Liabilities	1,365	609	1,076
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative Assets	1,914	6,372	4,355
Derivative Liabilities	$ 1,880	$ 6,308	$ 4,287

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule of Cash Flow Hedging Instruments (Details) - Designated as hedging instrument - Cash Flow Hedging $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 6,700,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	38,880
Buy 2.250% floor, sell 3.743% cap; matures September 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	1,250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ (4,251)
Derivative floor rate	0.02250
Derivative cap rate	0.03743
Buy 2.750% floor, sell 4.320% cap; matures October 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 500,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 1,345
Derivative floor rate	0.02750
Derivative cap rate	0.04320
Buy 2.000% floor, sell 3.450% cap; matures September 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 1,250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ (10,270)
Derivative floor rate	0.02000
Derivative cap rate	0.03450
Fixed 3.748%; matures December 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 290
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.748%
Fixed 3.759%; matures December 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 324
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.759%
Fixed 3.680%; matures February 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 233
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.68%
Fixed 4.176%; matures March 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 2,088
Derivative fixed interest rate	4.176%
Fixed 3.915%; matures March 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 1,182
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.915%
Fixed 4.450%; matures July 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 4,220
Derivative fixed interest rate	4.45%
Fixed 3.515%, matures December 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 822
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.515%
Fixed 3.512%; matures December 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 806
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.512%
Fixed 3.453%; matures February 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 578
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.453%
Fixed 4.150%; matures July 2027
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 5,610
Derivative fixed interest rate	4.15%
Fixed 3.748%; matures March 2028
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 3,998
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.748%
Fixed 3.526%; matures March 2028
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 250,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 2,186
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.526%
Fixed 3.993%; matures October 2029
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 350,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 12,573
Derivative fixed interest rate	3.993%
Fixed 4.245%; matures November 2029
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	$ 350,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 17,146
Derivative fixed interest rate	4.245%

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) derivativeInstrument	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) derivativeInstrument	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) derivativeInstrument	Sep. 30, 2023 derivativeInstrument	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) derivativeInstrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income during the next 12 months			$ (13,900,000)
Credit risk derivative, net asset value			97,500,000
Interest Rate Swap Terminated
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income during the next 12 months			13,300,000
Interest Rate Swap And Collar
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gain (loss) to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income during the next 12 months			(27,200,000)
Mortgage banking derivatives
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount			$ 220,000,000.0	$ 195,000,000.0
Number of derivative instruments held | derivativeInstrument			8	4
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contract
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount			$ 0
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contract, qualified borrowers
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount			12,800,000,000	$ 11,400,000,000
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate lock commitments
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount			288,900,000	129,900,000
Not designated as hedging instrument | Forward commitments to sell mortgage loans
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount			667,600,000	626,900,000
Not designated as hedging instrument | Commodity forward contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount			7,600,000	8,400,000
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount			$ 108,900,000	$ 144,300,000
Not designated as hedging instrument | Covered call options
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Number of derivative instruments held | derivativeInstrument			0	0	0
Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges | Designated as hedging instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount			$ 6,700,000,000
Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges | Designated as hedging instrument | Interest Rate Swap Terminated
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount		$ 1,000,000,000				$ 500,000,000
Derivative term		5 years
Fair value of derivative contracts		$ 66,500,000
Number of derivative instruments held | derivativeInstrument						2
Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges | Designated as hedging instrument | Interest Rate Swap Terminated, Original Swap Maturing March 2023
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts						$ 3,700,000
Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges | Designated as hedging instrument | Interest Rate Swap Terminated, Original Swap Maturing April 2024
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative contracts						$ 10,700,000
Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges | Designated as hedging instrument | Interest Rate Collar Terminated
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 64,300,000
Fair value of derivative contracts	$ 875,000
Number of derivative instruments terminated | derivativeInstrument	1
Interest rate derivatives designated as Fair Value Hedges | Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate swaps
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Notional amount			$ 204,300,000
Number of interest rate derivatives | derivativeInstrument			13

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule of Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Related to Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Cash Flow Hedges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Rollforward of AOCI from Cash Flow Hedging Derivatives [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 5,536,628	$ 5,041,912	$ 5,399,526	$ 4,796,838
Ending balance	6,399,714	5,015,613	6,399,714	5,015,613
Accumulated Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments
Rollforward of AOCI from Cash Flow Hedging Derivatives [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(36,304)	(45,259)	32,049	7,381
Ending balance	56,084	(76,859)	56,084	(76,859)
Interest rate contract
Rollforward of AOCI from Cash Flow Hedging Derivatives [Roll Forward]
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss to interest income or expense on deposits, loans, and other borrowings	20,378	18,374	60,720	36,038
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income or loss	104,470	(61,456)	(28,806)	(150,885)
Interest rate contract | Accumulated Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments
Rollforward of AOCI from Cash Flow Hedging Derivatives [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(49,396)	(61,739)	43,538	10,026
Ending balance	$ 75,452	$ (104,821)	$ 75,452	$ (104,821)

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule of Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities (Details) - Designated as Hedging Instrument - Interest rate swaps $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Interest and fees on loans
Derivative [Line Items]
Location of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative	$ (28)	$ (34)
Interest income - investment securities
Derivative [Line Items]
Location of (Loss)/Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative	0	0
Loans, net of unearned income
Derivative [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)	195,978	195,978
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)	(7,703)	(7,703)
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Remaining for any Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) for which Hedge Accounting has been Discontinued	(63)	(63)
Available-for-sale debt securities
Derivative [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)	654	654
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)	(5)	(5)
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Remaining for any Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) for which Hedge Accounting has been Discontinued	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule of Consolidated Statement of Income Related to Derivatives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps and caps | Trading (losses) gains, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments	$ (245)	$ 778	$ 248	$ 1,590
Mortgage banking derivatives | Mortgage banking revenue
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments	(1,692)	1,428	2,014	9,859
Commodity contracts | Trading (losses) gains, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments	(116)	23	282	243
Foreign exchange contracts | Trading (losses) gains, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments	(171)	0	(152)	0
Covered call options | Fees from covered call options
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments	988	4,215	7,891	17,184
Derivative contract held as economic hedge on MSRs | Mortgage banking revenue
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments	$ 6,892	$ (2,481)	$ 3,543	$ (2,261)

XML

Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule of Offsetting Assets / Offsetting Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative Assets
Gross Amounts Recognized	$ 255,662	$ 275,726	$ 323,705
Derivative Liabilities
Gross Amounts Recognized	199,339	267,255	458,706
Interest rate contract
Derivative Assets
Gross Amounts Recognized	246,927	263,955	312,253
Less: Amounts offset in the Statements of Condition	0	0	0
Net amount presented in the Statements of Condition	246,927	263,955	312,253
Offsetting Derivative Positions	(82,819)	(76,514)	(157,673)
Collateral Posted	(59,791)	(144,899)	(140,857)
Net Credit Exposure	104,317	42,542	13,723
Derivative Liabilities
Gross Amounts Recognized	195,033	255,126	453,271
Less: Amounts offset in the Statements of Condition	0	0	0
Net amount presented in the Statements of Condition	195,033	255,126	453,271
Offsetting Derivative Positions	(82,819)	(76,514)	(157,673)
Collateral Posted	(420)	0	(3,785)
Net Credit Exposure	$ 111,794	$ 178,612	$ 291,813

XML

Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 3,912,232,000		$ 3,502,915,000	$ 3,611,835,000
Loans held-for-investment	138,038,000			171,178,000
MSRs	186,308,000	$ 204,610,000	192,456,000	210,524,000	$ 200,692,000	$ 230,225,000
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,586,000			77,937,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	3,912,232,000		3,502,915,000	3,611,835,000
Remaining contractual principal balance outstanding, mortgage loans held-for-sale	462,200,000		291,700,000	308,500,000
Remaining contractual principal balance outstanding, mortgage loans held-for-investment	138,800,000		156,900,000	171,900,000
Non-performing
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale classified as nonaccrual	2,400,000		649,000	619,000
Mortgage loans held-for-sale classified greater than 90 days past due and still accruing	$ 58,400,000		26,600,000	23,700,000
Weighted Average | Loans held-for-investment
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Life of loans	5 years 10 months 24 days
Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale | Other real estate owned
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other real estate owned, measurement input	0.10
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	$ 461,067,000		292,722,000	304,808,000
Loans held-for-investment	138,038,000		155,261,000	171,178,000
MSRs	186,308,000		192,456,000	210,524,000
Derivative assets	255,662,000		275,726,000	323,705,000
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,586,000
Other real estate owned	13,682,000
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,600,000
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	59,063,000		26,835,000	25,187,000
Loans held-for-investment	44,775,000		60,670,000	57,961,000
MSRs	186,308,000		192,456,000	210,524,000
Derivative assets	$ 5,142,000		4,510,000	2,516,000
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Weighted Average | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	0.1096
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Weighted Average | Mortgage loans held-for-sale
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.0614
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Weighted Average | Loans held-for-investment
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.0614
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Weighted Average | Mortgage servicing rights
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.1096
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Minimum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	0.06
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Minimum | Mortgage servicing rights
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.06
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Maximum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	0.20
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Maximum | Mortgage servicing rights
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.20
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Credit discount | Weighted Average | Mortgage loans held-for-sale
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.0052
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Credit discount | Weighted Average | Loans held-for-investment
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.0107
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Credit discount | Minimum | Mortgage loans held-for-sale
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Credit discount | Minimum | Loans held-for-investment
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Credit discount | Maximum | Mortgage loans held-for-sale
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.14
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Credit discount | Maximum | Loans held-for-investment
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.39
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) | Weighted Average | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	0.0921
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) | Weighted Average | Loans held-for-investment
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.0921
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) | Weighted Average | Mortgage servicing rights
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.0921
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) | Minimum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	0.06
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) | Minimum | Mortgage servicing rights
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.06
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) | Maximum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	0.90
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) | Maximum | Mortgage servicing rights
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Discount rate	0.90
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing | Weighted Average | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	76
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing | Minimum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input | $ / shares	70
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing | Maximum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input | $ / shares	200
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing - delinquent | Weighted Average | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	386
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing - delinquent | Minimum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input | $ / shares	200
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing - delinquent | Maximum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input | $ / shares	1,000
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Pull-through rate | Weighted Average | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives, measurement input	0.8071
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Pull-through rate | Minimum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives, measurement input	0.01
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Pull-through rate | Maximum | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives, measurement input	1
Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	$ 124,586,000
Other real estate owned	13,682,000
Municipal securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	200,212,000		140,958,000	168,523,000
Municipal securities | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	200,212,000		140,958,000	168,523,000
Municipal securities | Level 3 | Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 135,250,000		$ 86,237,000	$ 113,219,000

XML

Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities - Schedule of Balances of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 3,912,232		$ 3,502,915	$ 3,611,835
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310		139,268	134,310
Loans held-for-investment	138,038			171,178
MSRs	186,308	$ 204,610	192,456	210,524	$ 200,692	$ 230,225
U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	98,323		6,968	4,931
U.S. government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	47,654		45,124	72,430
Municipal securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	200,212		140,958	168,523
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trading account securities	3,472		4,707	1,663
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310		139,268	134,310
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	461,067		292,722	304,808
Loans held-for-investment	138,038		155,261	171,178
MSRs	186,308		192,456	210,524
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756		15,238	14,449
Derivative assets	255,662		275,726	323,705
Total	5,098,845		4,578,293	4,772,472
Derivative liabilities	199,339		267,255	458,706
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trading account securities	0		0	0
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	117,244		131,202	126,244
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	0		0	0
Loans held-for-investment	0		0	0
MSRs	0		0	0
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	0		0	0
Derivative assets	0		0	0
Total	215,567		138,170	131,175
Derivative liabilities	0		0	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trading account securities	3,472		4,707	1,663
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	8,066		8,066	8,066
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	402,004		265,887	279,621
Loans held-for-investment	93,263		94,591	113,217
MSRs	0		0	0
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756		15,238	14,449
Derivative assets	250,520		271,216	321,189
Total	4,452,740		4,069,415	4,231,890
Derivative liabilities	199,339		267,255	458,706
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Trading account securities	0		0	0
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	0		0	0
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	59,063		26,835	25,187
Loans held-for-investment	44,775		60,670	57,961
MSRs	186,308		192,456	210,524
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	0		0	0
Derivative assets	5,142		4,510	2,516
Total	430,538		370,708	409,407
Derivative liabilities	0		0	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	98,323		6,968	4,931
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | U.S. Treasury | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	98,323		6,968	4,931
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | U.S. Treasury | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0		0	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | U.S. Treasury | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0		0	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | U.S. government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	47,654		45,124	72,430
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | U.S. government agencies | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0		0	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | U.S. government agencies | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	47,654		45,124	72,430
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | U.S. government agencies | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0		0	0
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	59,063
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Municipal securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	200,212		140,958	168,523
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Municipal securities | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0		0	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Municipal securities | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	64,962		54,721	55,304
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Municipal securities | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	135,250		86,237	113,219
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Corporate notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	80,117		76,531	76,606
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Corporate notes | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0		0	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Corporate notes | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	80,117		76,531	76,606
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Corporate notes | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0		0	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Mortgage-backed
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	3,485,926		3,233,334	3,289,345
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Mortgage-backed | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0		0	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Mortgage-backed | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	3,485,926		3,233,334	3,289,345
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Mortgage-backed | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 0		$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities - Schedule of Changes In Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Municipal
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 95,792	$ 114,155	$ 86,237	$ 117,537
Net income	0	0	0	0
Other comprehensive income or loss	968	(1,614)	(1,700)	(6,437)
Purchases	38,490	678	56,556	12,074
Issuances			0
Sales		0	0	0
Settlements	0	0	(5,843)	(9,955)
Net transfers into Level 3	0	0	0	0
Ending balance	135,250	113,219	135,250	113,219
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	40,545	29,406	26,835	48,655
Net income	126	626	398	1,494
Other comprehensive income or loss	0	0	0	0
Purchases	0	0	0	0
Issuances			0
Sales		0	0	0
Settlements	(8,078)	(18,454)	(28,687)	(61,046)
Net transfers into Level 3	26,470	13,609	60,517	36,084
Ending balance	59,063	25,187	59,063	25,187
Loans held-for- investment
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	45,721	61,123	60,670	84,165
Net income	381	(260)	130	(515)
Other comprehensive income or loss	0	0	0	0
Purchases	0	0	0	0
Issuances			0
Sales		0	0	0
Settlements	(7,924)	(16,852)	(31,436)	(53,767)
Net transfers into Level 3	6,597	13,950	15,411	28,078
Ending balance	44,775	57,961	44,775	57,961
Mortgage servicing rights
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	204,610	200,692	192,456	230,225
Net income	(18,302)	9,832	(6,148)	10,469
Other comprehensive income or loss	0	0	0	0
Purchases	0	0	0	0
Issuances			0
Sales		0	0	(30,170)
Settlements	0	0	0	0
Net transfers into Level 3	0	0	0	0
Ending balance	186,308	210,524	186,308	210,524
Derivative assets
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	4,795	3,487	4,510	1,711
Net income	347	(971)	632	805
Other comprehensive income or loss	0	0	0	0
Purchases	0	0	0	0
Issuances			0
Sales		0	0	0
Settlements	0	0	0	0
Net transfers into Level 3	0	0	0	0
Ending balance	$ 5,142	$ 2,516	$ 5,142	$ 2,516

XML

Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities - Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	$ 124,586	$ 124,586	$ 77,937
Fair value losses - individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	22,908	64,747
Fair value losses - other real estate owned	0	207
Fair value losses	22,908	64,954
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,600	124,600
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,586	124,586
Other real estate owned	13,682	13,682
Total	138,268	138,268
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis: | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	0	0
Other real estate owned	0	0
Total	0	0
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis: | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	0	0
Other real estate owned	0	0
Total	0	0
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis: | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,586	124,586
Other real estate owned	13,682	13,682
Total	$ 138,268	$ 138,268

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Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities - Schedule of Valuation Techniques and Significant Unobservable Inputs Used to Measure Both Recurring and Non Recurring (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) year $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 3,912,232,000		$ 3,502,915,000	$ 3,611,835,000
Loans held-for-investment	138,038,000			171,178,000
MSRs	186,308,000	$ 204,610,000	192,456,000	210,524,000	$ 200,692,000	$ 230,225,000
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,586,000			77,937,000
Municipal securities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	200,212,000		140,958,000	168,523,000
U.S. government agencies
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	47,654,000		45,124,000	72,430,000
Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,600,000
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	461,067,000		292,722,000	304,808,000
Loans held-for-investment	138,038,000		155,261,000	171,178,000
MSRs	186,308,000		192,456,000	210,524,000
Derivative assets	255,662,000		275,726,000	323,705,000
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Municipal securities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	200,212,000		140,958,000	168,523,000
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | U.S. government agencies
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	47,654,000		45,124,000	72,430,000
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	59,063,000		26,835,000	25,187,000
Loans held-for-investment	44,775,000		60,670,000	57,961,000
MSRs	186,308,000		192,456,000	210,524,000
Derivative assets	5,142,000		4,510,000	2,516,000
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Level 3 | Municipal securities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	135,250,000		86,237,000	113,219,000
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Level 3 | U.S. government agencies
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0		$ 0	$ 0
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	$ 59,063,000
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, measurement input	0.0614
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input	0.0612
MSRs, measurement input	0.06
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input	0.0614
MSRs, measurement input	0.20
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Discount rate | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, measurement input	0.0614
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input	0.0614
MSRs, measurement input	0.1096
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Credit discount | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, measurement input	0
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input	0
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Credit discount | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, measurement input	0.14
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input	0.39
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Credit discount | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, measurement input	0.0052
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input	0.0107
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) - current loans | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input	0.0921
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) - current loans | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	0.06
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) - current loans | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	0.90
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Constant prepayment rate (CPR) - current loans | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input	0.0921
MSRs, measurement input	0.0921
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Average life - delinquent loans (in years) | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input | year	1.4
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Average life - delinquent loans (in years) | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input | year	11.3
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Average life - delinquent loans (in years) | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Loans held-for-investment, measurement input | year	5.9
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input | $ / shares	70
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input | $ / shares	200
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	76
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing - delinquent | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input | $ / shares	200
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing - delinquent | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input | $ / shares	1,000
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Cost of servicing - delinquent | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
MSRs, measurement input	386
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Pull-through rate | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivatives, measurement input	0.01
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Pull-through rate | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivatives, measurement input	1
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis: | Pull-through rate | Level 3 | Discounted cash flows | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Derivatives, measurement input	0.8071
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	$ 124,586,000
Other real estate owned	13,682,000
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis: | Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans - foreclosure probable and collateral-dependent	124,586,000
Other real estate owned	$ 13,682,000
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis: | Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale | Level 3 | Appraisal value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Impaired loans - collateral based, measurement input	0.10
Other real estate owned, measurement input	0.10
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis: | Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale | Level 3 | Appraisal value | Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Impaired loans - collateral based, measurement input	0.1000
Other real estate owned, measurement input	0.1000

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Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities - Schedule of Carrying Amounts and Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Financial Assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	$ 3,648,117	$ 2,084,323	$ 2,448,570
Available-for-sale securities	3,912,232	3,502,915	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities	3,121,820	3,215,468	3,057,959
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310	139,268	134,310
FHLB and FRB stock, at cost	266,908	205,003	204,040
Brokerage customer receivables	16,662	10,592	14,042
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	461,067	292,722	304,808
Accrued interest receivable and other	1,721,090	1,551,899	1,674,681
Financial Liabilities
FHLB advances	3,171,309	2,326,071	2,326,071
Other borrowings	647,043	645,813	643,999
Subordinated notes	298,188	437,866	437,731
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566	253,566	253,566
Carrying Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	731,128	423,464	418,148
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	3,648,117	2,084,323	2,448,570
Available-for-sale securities	3,912,232	3,502,915	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities	3,677,420	3,856,916	3,909,150
Trading account securities	3,472	4,707	1,663
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310	139,268	134,310
FHLB and FRB stock, at cost	266,908	205,003	204,040
Brokerage customer receivables	16,662	10,592	14,042
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	461,067	292,722	304,808
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756	15,238	14,449
Derivative assets	255,662	275,726	323,705
Accrued interest receivable and other	588,594	477,832	465,117
Total	60,770,775	53,420,537	53,295,869
Financial Liabilities
Non-maturity deposits	41,406,393	38,772,098	38,204,017
Time certificates of deposit	9,998,573	6,625,072	6,788,669
FHLB advances	3,171,309	2,326,071	2,326,071
Other borrowings	647,043	645,813	643,999
Subordinated notes	298,188	437,866	437,731
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566	253,566	253,566
Derivative liabilities	199,339	267,255	458,706
Accrued interest payable	75,254	51,116	54,383
Total financial liabilities	56,049,665	49,378,857	49,167,142
Carrying Value | Loans held-for-investment, at fair value
Financial Assets:
Loans held-for-investment	138,038	155,261	171,178
Carrying Value | Loans held-for-investment, at amortized cost
Financial Assets:
Loans held-for-investment	46,929,409	41,976,570	41,274,854
Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	731,128	423,464	418,148
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	3,648,117	2,084,323	2,448,570
Available-for-sale securities	3,912,232	3,502,915	3,611,835
Held-to-maturity securities	3,121,820	3,215,468	3,057,959
Trading account securities	3,472	4,707	1,663
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	125,310	139,268	134,310
FHLB and FRB stock, at cost	266,908	205,003	204,040
Brokerage customer receivables	16,662	10,592	14,042
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	461,067	292,722	304,808
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	16,756	15,238	14,449
Derivative assets	255,662	275,726	323,705
Accrued interest receivable and other	588,594	477,832	465,117
Total	59,367,615	51,892,529	51,470,032
Financial Liabilities
Non-maturity deposits	41,406,393	38,772,098	38,204,017
Time certificates of deposit	9,985,778	6,603,746	6,744,989
FHLB advances	3,334,183	2,367,107	2,189,101
Other borrowings	646,272	643,755	641,514
Subordinated notes	289,260	413,501	400,520
Junior subordinated debentures	253,662	253,579	253,568
Derivative liabilities	199,339	267,255	458,706
Accrued interest payable	75,254	51,116	54,383
Total financial liabilities	56,190,141	49,372,157	48,946,798
Fair Value | Loans held-for-investment, at fair value
Financial Assets:
Loans held-for-investment	138,038	155,261	171,178
Fair Value | Loans held-for-investment, at amortized cost
Financial Assets:
Loans held-for-investment	$ 46,081,849	$ 41,090,010	$ 40,300,208

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Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]
Shares available for future grants (in shares)	659		659
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 9,500	$ 8,100	$ 27,600	$ 24,500
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised			50	2,500
Cash received from option exercises			$ 25	$ 2,200

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Stock-Based Compensation Plans - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Common Shares
Outstanding at beginning of the period (in shares)	13,100	68,093
Granted (in shares)	0	0
Exercised (in shares)	(775)	(54,218)
Forfeited or canceled (in shares)	0	0
Outstanding at end of the period (in shares)	12,325	13,875
Exercisable (in shares)	12,325	13,875
Weighted Average Strike Price
Outstanding at beginning of period (usd per share)	$ 42.76	$ 41.14
Granted (usd per share)	0	0
Exercised (usd per share)	32.26	40.87
Forfeited or canceled (usd per share)	0	0
Outstanding at end of period (usd per share)	43.42	42.18
Exercisable (usd per share)	$ 43.42	$ 42.18
Stock Options Additional Disclosures
Remaining contractual term, outstanding	3 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 2 months 12 days
Remaining contractual term, exercisable	3 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 2 months 12 days
Intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 802	$ 462
Intrinsic value, exercisable	$ 802	$ 462

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Stock-Based Compensation Plans - Schedule of Plans' Restricted and Performance Share Award Activity (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Restricted shares
Common Shares
Outstanding, beginning of the period (in shares)	746,123	610,155
Granted (in shares)	405,506	268,142
Vested and issued (in shares)	(238,002)	(117,365)
Expired, canceled or forfeited (in shares)	(17,885)	(12,491)
Outstanding, end of the period (in shares)	895,742	748,441
Vested, but deferred (in shares)	100,281	98,747
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of period (usd per share)	$ 79.60	$ 73.21
Granted (usd per share)	99.78	88.18
Vested and issued (usd per share)	70.14	65.51
Canceled or forfeited (usd per share)	92.77	83.47
Outstanding, end of period (usd per share)	90.99	79.61
Vested, but deferred (usd per share)	$ 54.19	$ 53.46
Performance-based stock
Common Shares
Outstanding, beginning of the period (in shares)	553,026	545,379
Granted (in shares)	111,398	189,219
Added by performance factor at vesting (in shares)	96,952	23,161
Vested and issued (in shares)	(296,243)	(178,203)
Expired, canceled or forfeited (in shares)	(5,304)	(19,289)
Outstanding, end of the period (in shares)	459,829	560,267
Vested, but deferred (in shares)	21,688	36,465
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of period (usd per share)	$ 79.69	$ 70.30
Granted (usd per share)	100.44	92.37
Added by performance factor at vesting (usd per share)	58.78	63.64
Vested and issued (usd per share)	58.76	63.64
Canceled or forfeited (usd per share)	95.77	82.14
Outstanding, end of period (usd per share)	93.61	79.18
Vested, but deferred (usd per share)	$ 44.21	$ 45.08

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss and Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Components of Other Comprehensive Income or Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Activity Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 5,536,628	$ 5,041,912	$ 5,399,526	$ 4,796,838
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	204,990	(181,970)	25,266	(241,175)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	15,041	13,360	43,845	26,163
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(10)	(23)	(57)	(75)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax	220,021	(168,633)	69,054	(215,087)
Ending balance	6,399,714	5,015,613	6,399,714	5,015,613
Accumulated Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Securities
Activity Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(424,172)	(385,925)	(350,697)	(386,057)
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	124,478	(130,622)	51,916	(130,028)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	(39)	(118)	(905)	(528)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(10)	(23)	(57)	(75)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax	124,429	(130,763)	50,954	(130,631)
Ending balance	(299,743)	(516,688)	(299,743)	(516,688)
Accumulated Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments
Activity Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(36,304)	(45,259)	32,049	7,381
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	77,308	(45,078)	(20,715)	(110,931)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	15,080	13,478	44,750	26,691
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	0	0	0	0
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax	92,388	(31,600)	24,035	(84,240)
Ending balance	56,084	(76,859)	56,084	(76,859)
Accumulated Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Activity Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(51,722)	(42,906)	(42,583)	(48,960)
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	3,204	(6,270)	(5,935)	(216)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss into net income, net of tax	0	0	0	0
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	0	0	0	0
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax	3,204	(6,270)	(5,935)	(216)
Ending balance	(48,518)	(49,176)	(48,518)	(49,176)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Activity Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(512,198)	(474,090)	(361,231)	(427,636)
Ending balance	$ (292,177)	$ (642,723)	$ (292,177)	$ (642,723)

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss and Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Other Comprehensive Income Reclassified from AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	$ 3,189	$ (2,357)	$ 233	$ (959)
Income before taxes	232,709	224,858	694,008	679,838
Income tax expense	(62,708)	(60,660)	(184,325)	(180,692)
Interest on Loans	794,163	666,260	2,254,316	1,846,009
Interest on deposits	362,019	262,783	997,254	621,080
Interest on other borrowings	9,013	9,384	26,961	25,723
Net income	170,001	164,198	509,683	499,146
Reclassification Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Accumulated unrealized gains on securities
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	45	158	1,223	720
Income before taxes	45	158	1,223	720
Income tax expense	(6)	(40)	(318)	(192)
Net income	39	118	905	528
Reclassification Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Accumulated unrealized gains on derivative instruments
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivatives [Line Items]
Income before taxes	(20,379)	(18,374)	(60,720)	(36,388)
Income tax expense	5,299	4,896	15,970	9,697
Interest on Loans	23,704	22,768	72,027	50,501
Interest on deposits	(3,325)	(4,657)	(11,307)	(14,902)
Interest on other borrowings	0	263	0	789
Net income	$ (15,080)	$ (13,478)	$ (44,750)	$ (26,691)

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss and Earnings Per Share - Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Net income	$ 170,001	$ 164,198	$ 509,683	$ 499,146
Less: Preferred stock dividends	6,991	6,991	20,973	20,973
Net income applicable to common shares	$ 163,010	$ 157,207	$ 488,710	$ 478,173
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	64,888	61,213	62,743	61,119
Effect of dilutive potential common shares
Common stock equivalents (in shares)	1,053	964	934	888
Average common shares and dilutive common shares (in shares)	65,941	62,177	63,677	62,007
Net income per common share:
Basic (usd per share)	$ 2.51	$ 2.57	$ 7.79	$ 7.82
Diluted (usd per share)	$ 2.47	$ 2.53	$ 7.67	$ 7.71

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss and Earnings Per Share - Narrative (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.45	$ 0.45	$ 0.45	$ 0.40	$ 1.35	$ 1.20
O 2024 A Dividends
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared per common share (usd per share)					$ 1.80