A summary of financial information by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2022 is presented in the following table (in thousands):


	U.S. Higher Education		Australia/New Zealand		Education Technology Services		Total
Revenues	$	770,979	$	230,747	$	63,754	$	1,065,480

Segment expenses
Direct segment expenses	676,895		177,657		40,876		895,428
Enterprise shared services allocation	55,479		22,617		3,614		81,710
Segment income from operations	$	38,605	$	30,473	$	19,264	$	88,342

Unallocated expenses
Amortization of intangible assets							(14,350)
Merger and integration costs							(1,117)
Restructuring costs							(2,115)
Consolidated income from operations							$	70,760
Other expense							(1,191)
Consolidated income before income taxes							$	69,569

A summary of financial information by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented in the following table (in thousands):


	U.S. Higher Education		Australia/New Zealand		Education Technology Services		Total
Revenues	$	818,953	$	233,518	$	80,453	$	1,132,924

Segment expenses
Direct segment expenses	703,035		178,922		47,283		929,240
Enterprise shared services allocation	56,290		18,734		4,082		79,106
Segment income from operations	$	59,628	$	35,862	$	29,088	$	124,578

Unallocated expenses
Amortization of intangible assets							(11,457)
Merger and integration costs							(1,544)
Restructuring costs							(16,256)
Consolidated income from operations							$	95,321
Other income							5,405
Consolidated income before income taxes							$	100,726

A summary of financial information by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented in the following table (in thousands):


	U.S. Higher Education		Australia/New Zealand		Education Technology Services		Total
Revenues	$	857,890	$	257,119	$	104,921	$	1,219,930

Segment expenses
Direct segment expenses	719,214		200,776		57,910		977,900
Enterprise shared services allocation	61,511		18,949		4,294		84,754
Segment income from operations	$	77,165	$	37,394	$	42,717	$	157,276

Unallocated expenses
Amortization of intangible assets							—
Merger and integration costs							—
Restructuring costs							(1,648)
Consolidated income from operations							$	155,628
Other income							5,804
Consolidated income before income taxes							$	161,432

The following table presents a schedule of significant non-cash items included in segment income from operations by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 (in thousands):


	2022		2023		2024
Depreciation and amortization
U.S. Higher Education	$	35,863	$	33,655	$	31,663
Australia/New Zealand	8,842		8,954		9,065
Education Technology Services	1,589		2,526		3,468
Amortization of intangible assets	14,350		11,457		—
Merger and integration costs	—		336		—
Restructuring costs	2,480		385		182
Consolidated depreciation and amortization	$	63,124	$	57,313	$	44,378
Stock-based compensation
U.S. Higher Education	$	19,572	$	17,653	$	19,337
Australia/New Zealand	1,073		(117)		3,951
Education Technology Services	1,147		1,729		1,940
Restructuring costs	—		507		343
Consolidated stock-based compensation	$	21,792	$	19,772	$	25,571