Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):



	Strayer University		Capella University		Non-Degree Programs		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	337,381	$	395,159	$	—	$	732,540
Additions	—		—		—		—
Impairments	—		—		—		—
Adjustments	—		259		—		259
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	337,381	$	395,418	$	—	$	732,799

The Company assesses goodwill at least annually for impairment during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the respective reporting unit below its carrying amount. No events or circumstances occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2019 to indicate an impairment to goodwill. There was no impairment charge related to goodwill recorded during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Intangible Assets

The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018							March 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Subject to amortization
Student relationships	$	166,000	$	(23,056	)	$	142,944	$	166,000	$	(36,889	)	$	129,111
Not subject to amortization
Trade names	185,400		—			185,400		185,400		—			185,400
Total	$	351,400	$	(23,056	)	$	328,344	$	351,400	$	(36,889	)	$	314,511

The Company’s finite-lived intangible assets are comprised of student relationships, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a three-year useful life. Straight-line amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets reflects the pattern in which the assets' economic benefits are consumed over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $13.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization consist of trade names. The Company assigned an indefinite useful life to its trade name intangible assets, as it is believed these assets have the ability to generate cash flows indefinitely. In addition, there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, economic or other factors to limit the useful life of the trade name intangibles.

The Company assesses indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually for impairment during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the respective reporting unit below its carrying amount. No events or circumstances occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2019 to indicate an impairment to indefinite-lived intangible assets. There was no impairment charge related to indefinite-lived intangible assets recorded during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.