(5)GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):


							Effect of
	December 31,		Acquisitions /				Foreign		September 30,
	2016		Adjustments		Impairments		Currency		2017

Customer Management Services	$	42,589	$	34,662	$	—	$	2,140	$	79,391
Customer Growth Services		24,439		—		—		—		24,439
Customer Technology Services		41,500		(661)		—		—		40,839
Customer Strategy Services		21,120		—		—		795		21,915
Total	$	129,648	$	34,001	$	—	$	2,935	$	166,584

The Company performs a goodwill impairment assessment on at least an annual basis. The Company conducts its annual goodwill impairment assessment during the fourth quarter, or more frequently, if indicators of impairment exist. During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company assessed whether any such indicators of impairment existed and concluded there were none.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Company identified negative indicators such as lower financial performance and the reversal of contingent consideration for the CSS reporting unit and thus the Company updated its quantitative assessment for the CSS reporting unit fair value using an income based approach. The determination of fair value requires significant judgments including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term growth rates for the businesses, the useful lives over which the cash flows will occur and determination of appropriate discount rates (based in part on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital). Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or conclusions on goodwill impairment for each reporting unit. At September 30, 2016, the fair value for the CSS reporting unit exceeded the carrying value, and thus no impairment was required.

The Company has also determined that effective September 30, 2016 the assets of one of the business units within the CSS reporting unit will be held for sale (see discussion in Note 2). Therefore the CSS reporting unit was separated into the component that will be held for sale and the components that will be held for use and two separate fair value analyses were completed. At September 30, 2016 the fair value for the CSS held for use component exceeded the carrying value and thus no impairment was required. The fair value for the CSS held for sale component also exceeded the carrying value, and thus no impairment was required.

CSS – component held-for-sale

The Company calculated the fair value of the trade name using a relief from royalty method based on forecasted revenues sold under the trade name using significant inputs not observable in the market (Level 3 inputs). The valuation assumptions included an estimated royalty rate of 3.75%, a discount rate specific to the trade name of 19.2% and a perpetuity growth rate of 3.0%. Based on the calculated fair value of $2.0 million, the Company recorded impairment expense of $3.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 which was included in Impairment losses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Other Intangible Assets

In connection with reduced profitability for the Avaya component of the CTS segment an interim impairment analysis was completed during the third quarter of 2016. The Company will modify the sales focus of the Avaya component away from premise product and services towards cloud solutions. The indefinite-lived intangible asset evaluated for impairment consisted of the TSG trade name. The Company calculated the fair value of the trade name using a relief from royalty method based on forecasted revenues sold under the trade name using significant inputs not observable in the market (Level 3 inputs). The valuation assumptions included an estimated royalty rate of 0.5%, a discount rate specific to the trade name of 19.0%, which is equal to the reporting unit’s equity risk premium adjusted for its size and company specific risk factors, and a perpetuity growth rate of 3.0%. Based on the calculated fair value of $0.4 million, the Company recorded impairment expense of $0.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 which was included in Impairment losses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

In connection with reduced profitability of the rogenSi component of the CSS segment, an interim impairment analysis was completed during the third quarter of 2016. The indefinite-lived intangible asset evaluated for impairment consisted of the trade name. The Company calculated the fair value of the trade name using a relief from royalty method based on forecasted revenues sold under the trade name using significant inputs not observable in the market (Level 3 inputs). The valuation assumptions included an estimated royalty rate of 2.0%, a discount rate specific to the trade name of 18.2%, which is equal to the reporting unit’s equity risk premium adjusted for its size and company specific risk factors. and a perpetuity growth rate of 3.0%. Based on the calculated fair value of $3.1 million, the Company recorded impairment expense of $1.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 which was included in Impairment losses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).