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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

The table below summarizes the stock-based compensation expense, common stock purchased by Company employees and the average purchase price per share under the ESPP in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Stock-based compensation expense	$	131	$	1,033	$	850
Common stock purchased by Company employees	103,981		60,695		44,649
Average purchase price per share	$	3.33	$	22.16	$	56.43

Stock-based Compensation Expense Summary

The table below summarizes the impact of recording stock-based compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Cost of goods sold	$	829	$	830	$	828
Operating expenses:
Research and development	1,346		1,132		1,259
Clinical and regulatory affairs	790		483		770
Marketing and sales	3,100		3,468		3,796
General and administrative	4,784		5,117		4,991
Total operating expenses	10,020		10,200		10,816
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	10,849	$	11,030	$	11,644

Schedule of Value Assumptions for Stock Options

The following assumptions were used to determine fair value for the stock options granted in the applicable year:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019	2018	2017
Expected life (in years)	5.7	5.6	5.6
Volatility	62.9%	56.5%	51.3%
Risk-free interest rate	2.3%	2.7%	1.9%
Dividend yield	—	—	—
Weighted average grant date fair value per share	$6.48	$10.66	$25.13

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

Stock option activity in the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows:



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (a)
Outstanding balance at December 31, 2018	1,315,360		$	54.20
Granted	2,039,387		6.48
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	(508,630	)	38.86
Expired	(504,591	)	81.28
Outstanding balance at December 31, 2019	2,341,526		$	10.12	8.6	$	—
Vested and expected to vest balance at December 31, 2019	2,081,243		$	10.53	8.6	$	—
Exercisable balance at December 31, 2019	482,446		$	21.65	8.1	$	—


(a)	The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options as of December 31, 2019 is calculated based on the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period reported and the stock option exercise price.

Schedule of Outstanding and Exercisable Stock Options

The following table summarizes information regarding outstanding and exercisable stock options as of December 31, 2019:



					Outstanding				Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices					Number of Shares	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price
$	2.30	—	$	6.35	317,162	6.4	$	5.12	—	0.0	$	—
6.67		—	6.67		1,450,075	9.3	6.67		146,982	9.0	6.67
6.76		—	7.45		290,484	9.0	7.29		214,631	9.0	7.43
7.53		—	75.30		265,773	7.2	31.02		103,021	5.8	56.95
77.60		—	175.80		18,032	2.2	112.55		17,812	2.1	112.52
$	2.30	—	$	175.80	2,341,526	8.6	$	10.12	482,446	8.1	$	21.65

Summary of Activity for Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the activity for RSUs:



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2018	422,720		$	26.15
Granted (1)	745,498		6.51
Forfeited	(41,363	)	31.50
Vested	(255,873	)	16.69
Unvested as of December 31, 2019	870,982		$	11.88


(1)	Shares granted in 2019 include 470,886 performance stock units that require certain performance conditions to be achieved in order to vest.