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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission File Number: 0-20853
ANSYS, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
04-3219960
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2600 ANSYS Drive,
Canonsburg,
PA
15317
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
844-462-6797
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per shareANSSNasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Nasdaq Global Select Market)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes    No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes       No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes     No  
The number of shares of the Registrant's Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding as of April 26, 2024 was 87,299,981 shares.



ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
  
Page No.

2

Table of Contents
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements:

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)March 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$1,050,509 $860,201 
Short-term investments20,100 189 
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $20,700
650,044 864,526 
Other receivables and current assets260,518 324,651 
Total current assets1,981,171 2,049,567 
Long-term assets:
Property and equipment, net80,930 77,780 
Operating lease right-of-use assets111,069 116,980 
Goodwill3,797,859 3,805,874 
Other intangible assets, net806,375 835,417 
Other long-term assets210,165 273,030 
Deferred income taxes162,845 164,227 
Total long-term assets5,169,243 5,273,308 
Total assets$7,150,414 $7,322,875 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$27,899 $22,772 
Accrued bonuses and commissions41,901 170,909 
Accrued income taxes15,885 22,454 
Other accrued expenses and liabilities187,722 215,645 
Deferred revenue433,167 457,514 
Total current liabilities706,574 889,294 
Long-term liabilities:
Deferred income taxes73,092 75,301 
Long-term operating lease liabilities95,320 100,505 
Long-term debt753,970 753,891 
Other long-term liabilities111,815 113,520 
Total long-term liabilities1,034,197 1,043,217 
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding
  
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 95,267,307 shares issued
953 953 
Additional paid-in capital1,641,813 1,670,450 
Retained earnings5,318,120 5,283,342 
Treasury stock, at cost: 7,971,231 and 8,361,447 shares, respectively
(1,438,948)(1,474,110)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(112,295)(90,271)
Total stockholders' equity5,409,643 5,390,364 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$7,150,414 $7,322,875 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Revenue:
Software licenses$160,321 $219,152 
Maintenance and service306,284 290,295 
Total revenue466,605 509,447 
Cost of sales:
Software licenses10,044 11,744 
Amortization22,484 19,618 
Maintenance and service36,139 36,290 
Total cost of sales68,667 67,652 
Gross profit397,938 441,795 
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative219,643 188,584 
Research and development128,811 120,335 
Amortization6,145 5,181 
Total operating expenses354,599 314,100 
Operating income43,339 127,695 
Interest income10,995 4,078 
Interest expense(12,369)(10,758)
Other expense, net(1,007)(177)
Income before income tax provision40,958 120,838 
Income tax provision6,180 20,216 
Net income$34,778 $100,622 
Earnings per share – basic:
Earnings per share$0.40 $1.16 
Weighted average shares87,067 86,930 
Earnings per share – diluted:
Earnings per share$0.40 $1.15 
Weighted average shares87,780 87,431 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Net income$34,778 $100,622 
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments(21,947)13,284 
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $0
(77) 
Comprehensive income$12,754 $113,906 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents

ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$34,778 $100,622 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization35,536 32,124 
Operating lease right-of-use assets expense5,664 5,381 
Deferred income tax benefit(2,340)(2,915)
Provision for bad debts412 (118)
Stock-based compensation expense58,664 44,171 
Other402 307 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable264,474 185,385 
Other receivables and current assets60,593 68,991 
Other long-term assets(671)(5,798)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and current liabilities(147,636)(135,365)
Accrued income taxes(6,280)1,481 
Deferred revenue(17,714)(25,879)
Other long-term liabilities(3,065)(7,621)
Net cash provided by operating activities282,817 260,766 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (120,584)
Capital expenditures(10,543)(6,892)
Purchases of short-term investments(19,940)(56)
Other investing activities(3,953)(858)
Net cash used in investing activities(34,436)(128,390)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock (196,494)
Restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares(65,089)(52,916)
Proceeds from shares issued for stock-based compensation10,446 8,582 
Net cash used in financing activities(54,643)(240,828)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents(3,430)1,750 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents190,308 (106,702)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period860,201 614,391 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$1,050,509 $507,689 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid$16,721 $7,650 
Interest paid$11,939 $10,606 
Non-cash consideration in connection with acquisitions$1,640 $5,056 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.


6

Table of Contents
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury StockAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTotal
Stockholders'
Equity
(in thousands)SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance, January 1, 2024
95,267$953 $1,670,450 $5,283,342 8,361 $(1,474,110)$(90,271)$5,390,364 
Acquisition activity of previously acquired businesses1,818 (8)719 2,537 
Stock-based compensation activity
(30,455)(382)34,443 3,988 
Other comprehensive loss(22,024)(22,024)
Net income34,778 34,778 
Balance, March 31, 2024
95,267$953 $1,641,813 $5,318,120 7,971$(1,438,948)$(112,295)$5,409,643 
    
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury StockAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
(in thousands)SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance, January 1, 2023
95,267$953 $1,540,317 $4,782,930 8,317 $(1,335,627)$(122,722)$4,865,851 
Treasury shares acquired, including excise tax650 (197,416)(197,416)
Stock-based compensation
  activity
(34,529)(356)34,350 (179)
Other comprehensive income13,284 13,284 
Net income100,622 100,622 
Balance, March 31, 2023
95,267$953 $1,505,788 $4,883,552 8,611$(1,498,693)$(109,438)$4,782,162 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

Table of Contents
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2024
(Unaudited)

1.Organization
ANSYS, Inc. (Ansys, we, us, our) develops and globally markets engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including high-tech, aerospace and defense, automotive, energy, industrial equipment, materials and chemicals, consumer products, healthcare and construction.
As defined by the accounting guidance for segment reporting, we operate as one segment.
Given the integrated approach to the multi-discipline problem-solving needs of our customers, a single sale may contain components from multiple product areas and include combined technologies. We also have a multi-year product and integration strategy that will result in new, combined products or changes to the historical product offerings. As a result, it is impracticable for us to provide accurate historical or current reporting among our various product lines.
Pending Acquisition
On January 15, 2024, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the Merger Agreement) with Synopsys, Inc., a Delaware corporation (Synopsys), and ALTA Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Synopsys (Merger Sub), under which Synopsys will acquire Ansys. The transaction is anticipated to close in the first half of 2025, subject to approval by Ansys stockholders, the receipt of required regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.

2.Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information for commercial and industrial companies, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements (and notes thereto) included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (2023 Form 10-K). The condensed consolidated December 31, 2023 balance sheet presented is derived from the audited December 31, 2023 balance sheet included in the 2023 Form 10-K. In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements have been included, and all adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.
Accounting Guidance Issued and Not Yet Adopted
Segment reporting: In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07). ASU 2023-07 requires enhanced disclosures related to segment information, including for entities with one reportable segment. It does not change the determination of reportable segments. The enhanced disclosures in accordance with the new guidance are required to be reported in the annual period beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The standard only impacts footnote disclosures.
Income tax disclosures: In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09). ASU 2023-09 requires disclosure of greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The standard only impacts footnote disclosures.
8

Table of Contents
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as deposits held at major banks and money market funds. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Our money market fund balances are held in various funds of a single issuer at March 31, 2024.
Short-term investments consist of available-for-sale debt securities with remaining maturities greater than three months at the date of purchase and time deposits. Investments in debt securities with remaining maturities greater than three months at the date of purchase are designated as short-term available-for-sale securities, as we may convert these investments into cash at any time, including to fund general operations. We invest in debt securities that have an effective maturity term of less than three years. The debt securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we evaluate whether a current expected credit loss exists based on available information relevant to the credit rating of the security, current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for any credit loss will be recorded in other expense, net, on the condensed consolidated statements of income, not to exceed the amount of the unrealized loss. Any excess unrealized loss other than the credit loss is generally recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method and realized gains and losses are included in other expense, net. To date, we have not recorded any credit loss or realized gains or losses.


3.Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table summarizes revenue:
Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Revenue:
Subscription lease licenses$94,800 $147,922 
Perpetual licenses65,521 71,230 
Software licenses160,321 219,152 
Maintenance289,340 268,593 
Service16,944 21,702 
Maintenance and service306,284 290,295 
Total revenue$466,605 $509,447 
Direct revenue, as a percentage of total revenue66.5 %76.3 %
Indirect revenue, as a percentage of total revenue33.5 %23.7 %

Our software license revenue is recognized up front, while maintenance and service revenue is recognized over the term of the contract.
9

Table of Contents
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from customer agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to customers. Payment terms vary by the type and location of customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.
The changes in deferred revenue, inclusive of both current and long-term deferred revenue, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
(in thousands)20242023
Beginning balance – January 1$479,754 $435,758 
Acquired deferred revenue 6,555 
Deferral of revenue448,381 483,502 
Recognition of revenue(466,605)(509,447)
Currency translation(6,929)701 
Ending balance – March 31$454,601 $417,069 

Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2024 will be recognized as revenue as follows:
(in thousands) 
Next 12 months$866,273 
Months 13-24333,293 
Months 25-36125,623 
Thereafter44,264 
Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations$1,369,453 

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes both deferred revenue and backlog. Our backlog represents deferred revenue associated with installment billings for periods beyond the current quarterly billing cycle and committed contracts with start dates beyond the end of the current period. Revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 included amounts in deferred revenue and backlog at the beginning of the period of $292.8 million and $317.6 million, respectively.

4.Acquisitions
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we incurred acquisition-related expenses of $14.3 million, primarily consisting of costs related to the Merger Agreement with Synopsys. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized as selling, general and administrative and research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of income.
On December 5, 2023, we entered into an agreement to make a strategic equity investment. The investment is subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions and is expected to close in 2024 for a purchase price of $300.0 million.
2023 Acquisitions
On January 3, 2023, we completed the acquisition of DYNAmore for a purchase price of $140.8 million, or $128.0 million net of cash acquired. The acquisition expanded our position as a simulation solution provider within the automotive industry. The effects of the acquisition were not material to our condensed consolidated results of operations.
Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we completed other acquisitions to expand our solution offerings and enhance our customers' experience. These acquisitions were not significant, individually or in the aggregate. The combined purchase price of these acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2023 was approximately $94.4 million, or $88.3 million net of cash acquired.
The operating results of each acquisition have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements since each respective date of acquisition. The effects of the acquisitions were not material to our condensed consolidated results of operations.
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5.Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities
Our other receivables and current assets and other accrued expenses and liabilities comprise the following balances:
(in thousands)March 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Receivables related to unrecognized revenue$149,487 $253,646 
Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds36,778 22,104 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets74,253 48,901 
Total other receivables and current assets$260,518 $324,651 
Accrued vacation42,546 42,435 
Payroll-related accruals39,142 25,012 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities106,034 148,198 
Total other accrued expenses and liabilities$187,722 $215,645 

Receivables related to unrecognized revenue represent the current portion of billings made for customer contracts that have not yet been recognized as revenue.

6.Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts are computed by dividing earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS amounts assume the issuance of common stock for all potentially dilutive equivalents outstanding. To the extent stock awards are anti-dilutive, they are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
The details of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Net income$34,778 $100,622 
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic87,067 86,930 
Dilutive effect of stock plans713 501 
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted87,780 87,431 
Basic earnings per share$0.40 $1.16 
Diluted earnings per share$0.40 $1.15 
Anti-dilutive shares53 650 

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7.Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are classified as follows:
 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(in thousands)Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed software and core technologies
$1,147,238 $(576,985)$1,146,022 $(557,359)
Customer lists286,269 (94,724)289,874 (89,800)
Trade names 189,767 (145,547)190,203 (143,880)
Total$1,623,274 $(817,256)$1,626,099 $(791,039)
Indefinite-lived intangible asset:
Trade name$357 $357 
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives of two years to seventeen years.
As of March 31, 2024, estimated future amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above was as follows:
(in thousands) 
Remainder of 2024$83,630 
2025115,308 
2026116,148 
2027119,371 
2028112,994 
202999,177 
Thereafter159,390 
Total intangible assets subject to amortization806,018 
Indefinite-lived trade name357 
Other intangible assets, net$806,375 

The changes in goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
(in thousands)20242023
Beginning balance – January 1$3,805,874 $3,658,267 
Acquisitions and adjustments(1)
2,872 69,227 
Currency translation(10,887)9,701 
Ending balance – March 31$3,797,859 $3,737,195 
(1) In accordance with the accounting for business combinations, we recorded adjustments to goodwill for the effect of changes in the provisional fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as we obtained new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have effected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date.
During the first quarter of 2024, we completed the annual impairment test for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that these assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, 2024. No events or circumstances changed during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that would indicate that the fair values of our reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are below their carrying amounts.
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8.Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we invested in available-for-sale debt securities, which are included in short-term investments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2024, our cash equivalents and short-term investments were as follows:
(in thousands)Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized Losses Less Than 12 Continuous Months
Estimated Fair Value(1)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$294,440 $ $ $294,440 
Total cash equivalents294,440   294,440 
Short-term investments:
Corporate debt securities15,046 1 (59)14,988 
Municipal bonds4,943  (19)4,924 
Other short-term investments188   188 
Total short-term investments20,177 1 (78)20,100 
Total cash equivalents and short-term investments$314,617 $1 $(78)$314,540 
(1) See Note 9, "Fair Value Measurements" for further discussion on fair values.
Of the $15.0 million corporate debt securities, $13.8 million are in a loss position at March 31, 2024. Of the $4.9 million municipal bonds, $4.5 million are in a loss position at March 31, 2024.
The unrealized losses presented above are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. We believe that we have the ability to realize the full value of all of these investments upon maturity.
The following table outlines maturities of our available-for-sale debt securities as of March 31, 2024:
(in thousands)Amortized CostFair Value
Less than 1 year$4,232 $4,226 
1-3 years15,757 15,686 
Total$19,989 $19,912 
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9.Fair Value Measurement
The valuation hierarchy for disclosure of assets and liabilities reported at fair value prioritizes the inputs for such valuations into three broad levels:
Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2: quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; or
Level 3: unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.
A financial asset's or liability's classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Our debt is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because these borrowings are not actively traded and have a variable interest rate structure based upon market rates. The carrying amount of our debt approximates the estimated fair value. See Note 11, "Debt", for additional information on our borrowings.
The following tables provide the assets carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:
  Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands)March 31,
2024
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$294,440 $294,440 $ $ 
Short-term investments:
Corporate debt securities$14,988 $ $14,988 $ 
Municipal bonds$4,924 $ $4,924 $ 
Other short-term investments$188 $ $188 $ 
Deferred compensation plan investments$2,370 $2,370 $ $ 
Equity securities$591 $591 $ $ 
  Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
(in thousands)December 31, 2023Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets (Liabilities)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$170,821 $170,821 $ $ 
Short-term investments:
Other short-term investments$189 $ $189 $ 
Deferred compensation plan investments$2,337 $2,337 $ $ 
Equity securities$634 $634 $ $ 
Forward contracts$(412)$ $(412)$ 

The cash equivalents in the preceding tables represent money market funds, valued at net asset value, with carrying values which approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature.
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The short-term investments in the preceding tables represent available-for-sale debt securities and time deposits.
The deferred compensation plan investments in the preceding tables represent trading securities held in a rabbi trust for the benefit of non-employee directors. These securities consist of mutual funds traded in an active market with quoted prices. As a result, the plan assets are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The plan assets are recorded within other long-term assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The equity securities represent our investment in a publicly traded company. These securities are traded in an active market with quoted prices. As a result, the securities are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The securities are recorded within other long-term assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The forward contracts represent currency hedges to mitigate exchange rate exposure. These contracts are classified within Level 2 because these contracts are not actively traded and the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments. The liabilities associated with the forward contracts are recorded at fair value in other accrued expenses and liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

10.Leases
Our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities primarily include operating leases for office space. Our executive offices and those related to certain domestic product development, marketing, production and administration are located in a 186,000 square foot office facility in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The term of the lease is 183 months, which began on October 1, 2014 and expires on December 31, 2029. The lease agreement includes options to renew the contract through August 2044, an option to lease additional space in January 2025 and an option to terminate the lease in December 2025. No options are included in the lease liability. Absent the exercise of options in the lease, our remaining base rent (inclusive of property taxes and certain operating costs) is $4.5 million per annum through 2024 and $4.7 million per annum for 2025 - 2029.
The components of our global lease cost reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of income are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Lease liability cost$7,328 $7,041 
Variable lease cost not included in the lease liability(1)
1,383 1,183 
     Total lease cost$8,711 $8,224 
(1) Variable lease cost includes common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate.
Other information related to operating leases is as follows:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the lease liability:
     Operating cash flows from operating leases$(7,213)$(6,779)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$1,389 $4,414 
As of March 31,
20242023
Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases
6.2 years6.7 years
Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases
3.4 %3.2 %

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The maturity schedule of the operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024 is as follows:
(in thousands) 
Remainder of 2024$20,216 
202523,107 
202620,629 
202718,789 
202817,132 
Thereafter30,774 
     Total future lease payments130,647 
Less: Present value adjustment(12,791)
     Present value of future lease payments(1)
$117,856 
(1) Includes the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $22.5 million, which is reflected in other accrued expenses and liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
There were no material leases that have been signed but not yet commenced as of March 31, 2024.

11.Debt
On June 30, 2022, we entered into a credit agreement (as amended, the 2022 Credit Agreement) with PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, swing line lender, and an L/C issuer, the lenders party thereto, and the other L/C issuers party thereto. The 2022 Credit Agreement refinanced our previous credit agreements in their entirety. Terms used in this description of the 2022 Credit Agreement with initial capital letters that are not otherwise defined herein are as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement.
The 2022 Credit Agreement provides for a $755.0 million unsecured term loan facility and a $500.0 million unsecured revolving loan facility, which includes a $50.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit. The revolving loan facility is available for working capital and general corporate purposes. Each of the term loan facility and the revolving loan facility matures on June 30, 2027.
Borrowings under the term loan and revolving loan facilities accrue interest at a rate that is based on the Term SOFR plus an applicable margin or at the base rate plus an applicable margin, at our election. The base rate is the highest of (i) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 0.500%, (ii) the PNC Bank, National Association prime rate, and (iii) Daily Simple SOFR plus an adjustment for SOFR plus 1.00%. The applicable margin for the borrowings is a percentage per annum based on the lower of (1) a pricing level determined by our then-current consolidated net leverage ratio and (2) a pricing level determined by our public debt rating (if available).
On September 29, 2023, the 2022 Credit Agreement was amended to provide for an interest rate adjustment (Sustainability Rate Adjustment) based upon the achievement of certain environmental, social and governance key performance indicators (KPIs). The Sustainability Rate Adjustment range is +/- 0.05% and will be adjusted annually based on the KPIs of the preceding year.

The 2022 Credit Agreement also provides for the option to add certain foreign subsidiaries as borrowers and to borrow in Euros, Sterling, Yen and Swiss Francs under the revolving loan facility, up to a sublimit of $150.0 million. Borrowings under the revolving loan facility denominated in these currencies will accrue interest at a rate that is based on (a) for Euros, €STR, (b) for Sterling, SONIA, (c) for Yen, TONAR and (d) for Swiss Francs, SARON, plus an applicable margin calculated as described above.
Under the 2022 Credit Agreement, the weighted average interest rate in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 was 6.32% and 5.56%, respectively. The rate in effect as of March 31, 2024 and for the second quarter of 2024 under the 2022 Credit Agreement is 6.23%.
The 2022 Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The 2022 Credit Agreement also contains a financial covenant requiring us and our subsidiaries to maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio not in excess of 3.50 to 1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter (for the four-quarter period ending on such date) with an opportunity for a temporary increase in such consolidated net leverage ratio to 4.00 to 1.00 upon the consummation of certain qualified acquisitions for which the aggregate consideration is at least $250.0 million.
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As of March 31, 2024, we had $755.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the term loan, with a carrying value of $754.0 million, which is net of $1.0 million of unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs. The total amount was included in long-term debt. As of March 31, 2024, no borrowings were outstanding under the revolving loan facility.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $755.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the term loan, with a carrying value of $753.9 million, which is net of $1.1 million of unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs. The total amount was included in long-term debt. As of December 31, 2023, no borrowings were outstanding under the revolving loan facility.
We were in compliance with all covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

12.Income Taxes
Our income before income tax provision, income tax provision and effective tax rates were as follows:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Income before income tax provision$40,958 $120,838 
Income tax provision$6,180 $20,216 
Effective tax rate15.1 %16.7 %


13.Stock Repurchase Program
There were no share repurchases in the first quarter of 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, 650 thousand shares were repurchased at an average price of $302.34 per share, with a total cost of $196.5 million. As of March 31, 2024, 1.1 million shares remained available for repurchase under the program.

14.Stock-Based Compensation
Total stock-based compensation expense and its net impact on basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
Cost of sales:
Maintenance and service$3,343 $2,878 
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative34,208 23,905 
Research and development21,113 17,388 
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes58,664 44,171 
Related income tax benefits(23,243)(18,186)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes$35,421 $25,985 
Net impact on earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share$(0.41)$(0.30)
Diluted earnings per share$(0.40)$(0.30)

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15.Geographic Information
Revenue to external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer. Revenue by geographic area is as follows:
 Three Months Ended
(in thousands)March 31,
2024
March 31,
2023
United States$199,948 $246,707 
China and Hong Kong44,934 39,436 
Japan36,532 38,086 
Germany36,198 38,674 
South Korea24,370 21,864 
Other Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)82,417 82,404 
Other international42,206 42,276 
Total revenue$466,605 $509,447 

Property and equipment by geographic area is as follows:
(in thousands)March 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
United States$59,674 $56,421 
France5,301 4,771 
India4,897 5,057 
Other EMEA6,706 6,924 
Other international4,352 4,607 
Total property and equipment, net$80,930 $77,780 

16.Contingencies and Commitments
We are subject to various claims, investigations, and legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits, alleged infringement of third parties' intellectual property rights and other matters. In our opinion, the resolution of pending matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. However, each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these proceedings could materially affect our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
Our Indian subsidiary has several service tax audits pending that have resulted in formal inquiries being received on transactions through mid-2012. We could incur tax charges and related liabilities of $7.2 million. As such charges are not probable at this time, a reserve has not been recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024. The service tax issues raised in our notices and inquiries are very similar to the case, M/s Microsoft Corporation (I) (P) Ltd. Vs. Commissioner of Service Tax, New Delhi, wherein the Delhi Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT) issued a favorable ruling to Microsoft. The Microsoft ruling was subsequently challenged in the Supreme Court of India by the Indian tax authority and a decision is still pending. We can provide no assurances on the impact that the present Microsoft case's decision will have on our cases, however, an unfavorable ruling in the Microsoft case may impact our assessment of probability and result in the recording of a $7.2 million reserve. We are uncertain as to when these service tax matters will be concluded.
We sell software licenses and services to our customers under contractual agreements. Such agreements generally include certain provisions indemnifying the customer against claims, by third parties, of infringement or misappropriation of their intellectual property rights arising from such customer's usage of our products or services. To date, payments related to these indemnification provisions have been immaterial. For several reasons, including the lack of prior material indemnification claims, we cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.

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Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the 2023 Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
Business
Ansys, a corporation formed in 1994, develops and globally markets engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including high-tech, aerospace and defense, automotive, energy, industrial equipment, materials and chemicals, consumer products, healthcare and construction. Headquartered south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, we employed 6,200 people as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. We focus on the development of open and flexible solutions that enable users to analyze designs on-premises and/or via the cloud, providing a common platform for fast, efficient and cost-conscious product development, from design concept to final-stage testing, validation and deployment. We distribute our suite of simulation technologies through direct sales offices in strategic, global locations and a global network of independent resellers and distributors (collectively, channel partners). It is our intention to continue to maintain this hybrid sales and distribution model. We operate and report as one segment.
When visionary companies need to know how their world-changing ideas will perform, they close the gap between design and reality using Ansys simulation. For more than 50 years, Ansys software has enabled innovators across industries to push the boundaries of product design by using the predictive power of simulation. From sustainable transportation and advanced satellite systems to life-saving medical devices, Ansys powers innovation that drives human advancement.
Our strategy of Pervasive Insights seeks to deepen the use of simulation in our core market, to inject simulation throughout the product lifecycle and extend the accessibility to a broader set of users and use cases. Our business has three vectors of growth:
More products. Our broad and deep multiphysics portfolio enables us to grow with customers as they use simulation to solve more complex problems across a broad set of industries.
More users. Investments in simulation education and user experience simplification has made simulation more accessible to a broader user base.
More computations. Larger and more complex simulations drive more computation, requiring customers to use more Ansys licenses to complete their simulations.
Through decades of investments in the academic community and enhanced user experiences, our solutions have become accessible and relevant beyond our core "engineering" end user, to reach more users upstream and downstream from our core, which is the product validation process. Our multiphysics solutions enable our customers to address increasingly complex research and development (R&D) challenges from the component through the system and mission level of analysis. Our products seamlessly enable access to high performance compute capacity to run simulations, on-premises or in the cloud, which means our customers' R&D teams are unencumbered by compute capacity limitations that can hinder R&D cycle times. Our investments in artificial intelligence capabilities across our simulation portfolio and technical support services enhance the customer experience, democratize simulation and further next-generation innovation.
The engineering simulation software market is strong and growing. The market growth is driven by customers' need for rapid, quality innovation in a cost efficient manner, enabling faster time to market for new products and lower warranty costs. Increasing product complexity is driving sustained demand for simulations. Key industry trends fueling customers' increasing needs for simulation include:
Electrification;
Autonomy;
Connectivity;
The industrial internet of things; and
Sustainability, including minimizing waste and physical prototyping, and improving circularity and development time.

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We have been investing and intend to continue to invest in our portfolio to broaden the range of physics and enable customers to analyze the interactions among physics at the component, system and mission level. Our strategy of Pervasive Insights is aligned with the near-term market growth opportunities and is laying the foundation for a future where simulation can be further democratized to broader classes of end users and end-use cases. In addition, we have and expect to continue to partner with industry leaders to extend simulation into other ecosystems and customer R&D workflows.

We license our technology to businesses in a diverse set of industries, educational institutions and governmental agencies. We believe that the features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of our software products are as strong as they have ever been. The software business is generally characterized by long sales cycles which increase the difficulty of predicting sales for any particular quarter. We make many operational and strategic decisions based upon short- and long-term sales forecasts that are impacted not only by these long sales cycles, but also by current global economic conditions. As a result, we believe that our overall performance is best measured by fiscal year results rather than by quarterly results.

We address the competition and price pressure that we face in the short- and long-term by focusing on expanding the breadth, depth, ease of use and quality of the technologies, features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of our software products as compared to our competitors; investing in research and development to develop new and innovative products and increasing the capabilities of our existing products; maintaining a diverse industry footprint and focusing on customer needs, training, consulting and support; and enhancing our distribution channels. We also evaluate and execute strategic acquisitions to supplement our global engineering talent, product offerings and distribution channels.

Synopsys Merger Agreement
On January 15, 2024, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Synopsys and Merger Sub. The Merger Agreement provides for the merger of Merger Sub with and into Ansys, with Ansys surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Synopsys (the Merger). Our Board of Directors has unanimously approved the Merger Agreement and, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Merger Agreement, resolved to recommend that our stockholders adopt the Merger Agreement. If the Merger is consummated, our common stock will be delisted from the Nasdaq Global Select Market and deregistered under the Exchange Act. The completion of the Merger is subject to customary closing conditions, including, among others, approval of the Merger under certain applicable antitrust and foreign investment regimes and the adoption of the Merger Agreement by our stockholders. We anticipate the transaction to close in the first half of 2025.
The foregoing summary of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the Merger Agreement, which was filed as Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 16, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Overview
Overall GAAP and Non-GAAP Results
This section includes a discussion of GAAP and non-GAAP results. For reconciliations of non-GAAP results to GAAP results, see the section titled "Non-GAAP Results" herein.
The 2024 and 2023 period non-GAAP results exclude the income statement effects of stock-based compensation, excess payroll taxes related to stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, expenses related to business combinations and adjustments for the income tax effect of the excluded items.
Our GAAP and non-GAAP results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 reflected the following variances:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Revenue(8.4)%
GAAP Operating income(66.1)%
Non-GAAP Operating income(26.0)%
GAAP Diluted earnings per share(65.2)%
Non-GAAP Diluted earnings per share(24.9)%
Our results reflect a decline in revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to reductions in subscription lease license revenue, partially offset by an increase in maintenance revenue. We also experienced increased operating expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to increased personnel and acquisition costs. Acquisition costs primarily consist of costs related to the Merger Agreement with Synopsys.
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For 2024, quarterly growth rates will be variable across the quarters and are affected by the performance comparisons to 2023. Specifically, the first quarter's operating results reflect a structural timing dynamic affected by the renewal base this quarter in which fewer lease contracts were up for renewal, resulting in comparatively lower up-front lease license revenue recognition, impacting revenue, operating income and EPS. As a comparison, the first quarter of 2023 reflected a 65% constant currency growth rate in subscription lease license revenue driven by a meaningful increase in the value of multi-year deals. Quarterly revenue and ACV in Q1 2024 are not representative of the momentum in our business given the shifting mix of license types and renewal cycles that can be volatile quarter to quarter. While this timing dynamic leads to revenue volatility, it does not represent changes in customers' software usage or cash flows. This further highlights the importance of measuring our results based on our fiscal year rather than individual quarters.
This section also includes a discussion of constant currency results, which we use for financial and operational decision-making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons by excluding the effects of foreign currency fluctuations on the reported results. All constant currency results presented in this Item 2 exclude the effects of foreign currency fluctuations on the reported results. To present this information, the 2024 period results for entities whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. Dollar were converted to U.S. Dollars at rates that were in effect for the 2023 comparable period, rather than the actual exchange rates in effect for the 2024 period. Constant currency growth rates are calculated by adjusting the 2024 period reported amounts by the 2024 period currency fluctuation impacts and comparing to the 2023 comparable period reported amounts.
Impact of Foreign Currency
Our comparative financial results were impacted by fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The impacts on our revenue and operating income as a result of the fluctuations of the U.S. Dollar when measured against our foreign currencies based on 2023 period exchange rates are reflected in the table below. Amounts in parenthesis indicate an adverse impact from currency fluctuations.
(in thousands)Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Revenue$(3,903)
GAAP Operating income$(3,398)
Non-GAAP Operating income$(3,178)

In constant currency, our variances were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Revenue(7.6)%
GAAP Operating income(63.4)%
Non-GAAP Operating income(24.4)%


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Other Key Business Metric
Annual Contract Value (ACV) is a key performance metric and is useful to investors in assessing the strength and trajectory of our business. ACV is a supplemental metric to help evaluate the annual performance of the business. Over the life of the contract, ACV equals the total value realized from a customer. ACV is not impacted by the timing of license revenue recognition. ACV is used by management in financial and operational decision-making and in setting sales targets used for compensation. ACV is not a replacement for, and should be viewed independently of, GAAP revenue and deferred revenue as ACV is a performance metric and is not intended to be combined with any of these items. There is no GAAP measure comparable to ACV. ACV is composed of the following:

the annualized value of maintenance and subscription lease contracts with start dates or anniversary dates during the period, plus
the value of perpetual license contracts with start dates during the period, plus
the annualized value of fixed-term services contracts with start dates or anniversary dates during the period, plus
the value of work performed during the period on fixed-deliverable services contracts.

When we refer to the anniversary dates in the definition of ACV above, we are referencing the date of the beginning of the next twelve-month period in a contractually committed multi-year contract. If a contract is three years in duration, with a start date of July 1, 2024, the anniversary dates would be July 1, 2025 and July 1, 2026. We label these anniversary dates as they are contractually committed. While this contract would be up for renewal on July 1, 2027, our ACV performance metric does not assume any contract renewals.

Example 1: For purposes of calculating ACV, a $100,000 subscription lease contract or a $100,000 maintenance contract with a term of July 1, 2024 – June 30, 2025, would each contribute $100,000 to ACV for fiscal year 2024 with no contribution to ACV for fiscal year 2025.

Example 2: For purposes of calculating ACV, a $300,000 subscription lease contract or a $300,000 maintenance contract with a term of July 1, 2024 – June 30, 2027, would each contribute $100,000 to ACV in each of fiscal years 2024, 2025 and 2026. There would be no contribution to ACV for fiscal year 2027 as each period captures the full annual value upon the anniversary date.

Example 3: A perpetual license valued at $200,000 with a contract start date of March 1, 2024 would contribute $200,000 to ACV in fiscal year 2024.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 our ACV was as follows:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except percentages)20242023Change
ActualConstant CurrencyActualActualConstant
Currency
AmountAmount%Amount%
ACV$407,405 $410,433 $399,407 $7,998 2.0 $11,026 2.8 
Our trailing twelve-month recurring ACV, converted from the functional currency to U.S. Dollars at the 2023 period monthly average exchange rates, was as follows:
 
Twelve Months Ended March 31,
Change
(in thousands, except percentages)20242023Amount%
Recurring ACV at 2023 monthly average exchange rates$1,944,685 $1,709,434 $235,251 13.8 
Recurring ACV includes both subscription lease license and maintenance ACV and excludes perpetual license and service ACV.

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Industry Commentary:
During the first quarter of 2024, ACV growth was supported by our core industries of aerospace and defense (A&D) and automotive. Despite a decrease in high-tech ACV during the quarter, we continue to see demand in the industry as more customers require our semiconductor and multiphysics solutions to model advanced packaging technologies. We remain critical to our customers' development of advanced chips, often with bespoke functionality. Our A&D customers continue to rely on simulation in support of complex, connected and autonomous platforms. Within the automotive industry, electrification remains a critical driver of simulation investment in electric vehicles (EVs). Our portfolio is well-positioned to support automotive companies focused on addressing tight margins on EV sales and optimizing efficiency in both operations and vehicle performance. The energy sector also contributed to ACV growth in the first quarter driven by the need to continually deliver, convert and consume various forms of fuel more efficiently, as well as develop scalable, renewable energy sources.
Geographic Trends:
The following table presents our geographic revenue variances using actual and constant currency rates during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
ActualConstant Currency
Americas(18.8)%(18.8)%
EMEA(2.0)%(3.4)%
Asia-Pacific6.0 %10.2 %
Total(8.4)%(7.6)%
The value and duration of multi-year subscription lease contracts executed during the period significantly impact the recognition of revenue. As a result, revenue may fluctuate, particularly on a quarterly basis, due to the timing of such contracts, relative differences in duration of long-term contracts from quarter to quarter and changes in the mix of license types sold compared to the prior year. Large swings in revenue growth rates are not necessarily indicative of customers' software usage changes or cash flows during the periods presented. To drive growth, we continue to focus on a number of sales improvement activities across our geographic regions, including sales hiring, pipeline building, productivity initiatives and customer engagement activities.
Use of Estimates:
The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to contract revenue, standalone selling prices of our products and services, allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, acquired deferred revenue, operating lease assets and liabilities, fair values of stock awards, deferred compensation, income taxes, uncertain tax positions, tax valuation reserves, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience, market experience, estimated future cash flows and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Forward-Looking Information
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). Forward-looking statements are statements that provide current expectations or forecasts of future events based on certain assumptions. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and factors relating to our business which could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements include those about market opportunity, including our total addressable market, the proposed transaction with Synopsys, Inc., including the expected date of closing and the potential benefits thereof, and other aspects of future operation. We caution readers not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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The risks associated with the following, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in any forward-looking statements:

our ability to complete the proposed transaction with Synopsys on anticipated terms and timing, including obtaining stockholder and regulatory approvals, and other conditions related to the completion of the transaction;

the realization of the anticipated benefits of the proposed transaction with Synopsys, including potential disruptions to our and Synopsys’ businesses and commercial relationships with others resulting from the announcement or completion of the proposed transaction and uncertainty as to the long-term value of Synopsys’ common stock;

restrictions during the pendency of the proposed transaction with Synopsys that could impact our ability to pursue certain business opportunities or strategic transactions, including tuck-in M&A;

adverse conditions in the macroeconomic environment, including inflation, recessionary conditions and volatility in equity and foreign exchange markets; political, economic and regulatory uncertainties in the countries and regions in which we operate;

impacts from tariffs, trade sanctions, export controls or other trade barriers, including export control restrictions and licensing requirements for exports to China;

impacts resulting from the conflict between Israel and Hamas, including impacts from changes to diplomatic relations and trade policy between the United States and other countries resulting from the conflict; impacts from changes to diplomatic relations and trade policy between the United States and Russia or the United States and other countries that may support Russia or take similar actions due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine;

constrained credit and liquidity due to disruptions in the global economy and financial markets, which may limit or delay availability of credit under our existing or new credit facilities, or which may limit our ability to obtain credit or financing on acceptable terms or at all;

our ability to timely recruit and retain key personnel in a highly competitive labor market, including potential financial impacts of wage inflation and potential impacts due to the proposed transaction with Synopsys;

our ability to protect our proprietary technology; cybersecurity threats or other security breaches, including in relation to breaches occurring through our products and an increased level of our activity that is occurring from remote global off-site locations; and disclosure and misuse of employee or customer data whether as a result of a cybersecurity incident or otherwise;

increased volatility in our revenue due to the timing, duration and value of multi-year subscription lease contracts; and our reliance on high renewal rates for annual subscription lease and maintenance contracts;

declines in our customers’ businesses resulting in adverse changes in procurement patterns; disruptions in accounts receivable and cash flow due to customers’ liquidity challenges and commercial deterioration; uncertainties regarding demand for our products and services in the future and our customers’ acceptance of new products; delays or declines in anticipated sales due to reduced or altered sales and marketing interactions with customers; and potential variations in our sales forecast compared to actual sales;

our ability and our channel partners’ ability to comply with laws and regulations in relevant jurisdictions; and the outcome of contingencies, including legal proceedings, government or regulatory investigations and tax audit cases;

uncertainty regarding income tax estimates in the jurisdictions in which we operate; and the effect of changes in tax laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate;

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the quality of our products, including the strength of features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities; our ability to develop and market new products to address the industry’s rapidly changing technology; failures or errors in our products and services; and increased pricing pressure as a result of the competitive environment in which we operate;

investments in complementary companies, products, services and technologies; our ability to complete and successfully integrate our acquisitions and realize the financial and business benefits of the transactions; and the impact indebtedness incurred in connection with any acquisition could have on our operations;

investments in global sales and marketing organizations and global business infrastructure; and dependence on our channel partners for the distribution of our products;

current and potential future impacts of a global health crisis, natural disaster or catastrophe, and the actions taken to address these events by our customers, suppliers, regulatory authorities and our business, on the global economy and consolidated financial statements, and other public health and safety risks; and government actions or mandates;

operational disruptions generally or specifically in connection with transitions to and from remote work environments; and the failure of our technological infrastructure or those of the service providers upon whom we rely including for infrastructure and cloud services;

our intention to repatriate previously taxed earnings and to reinvest all other earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries;

plans for future capital spending; the extent of corporate benefits from such spending including with respect to customer relationship management; and higher than anticipated costs for research and development or a slowdown in our research and development activities;

our ability to execute on our strategies related to environmental, social, and governance matters, and meet evolving and varied expectations, including as a result of evolving regulatory and other standards, processes, and assumptions, the pace of scientific and technological developments, increased costs and the availability of requisite financing, and changes in carbon markets; and

other risks and uncertainties described in our reports filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Important Information and Where to Find It
This document refers to a proposed transaction between Synopsys and Ansys. In connection with the proposed transaction, Synopsys filed with the SEC, and the SEC has declared effective on April 17, 2024, a registration statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-277912), that included a prospectus with respect to the shares of common stock of Synopsys to be issued in the proposed transaction and a proxy statement of Ansys and is referred to as the proxy statement/prospectus. Each party may also file other documents regarding the proposed transaction with the SEC. This document is not a substitute for the proxy statement/prospectus or registration statement or any other document that Synopsys or Ansys may file with the SEC. The definitive proxy statement/prospectus will be mailed to all Ansys stockholders. INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT, PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS AND ALL OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS FILED OR THAT WILL BE FILED WITH THE SEC IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION, AS WELL AS ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS TO THESE DOCUMENTS, CAREFULLY AND IN THEIR ENTIRETY IF AND WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN OR WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION.

Investors and security holders may obtain free copies of the registration statement, proxy statement/prospectus and all other relevant documents filed or that will be filed with the SEC by Synopsys or Ansys through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov.

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The documents filed by Synopsys with the SEC also may be obtained free of charge at Synopsys’ website at https://investor.synopsys.com/overview/default.aspx or upon written request to Synopsys at Synopsys, Inc., 675 Almanor Avenue, Sunnyvale, California 94085, Attention: Investor Relations. The documents filed by Ansys with the SEC also may be obtained free of charge at Ansys’ website at https://investors.ansys.com/ or upon written request to kelsey.debriyn@ansys.com.

Participants in the Solicitation
Synopsys, Ansys and their respective directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from Ansys’ stockholders in connection with the proposed transaction.

Information about Ansys’ directors and executive officers and their ownership of Ansys’ common stock is set forth in Ansys’ proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 10, 2024. To the extent that holdings of Ansys’ securities have changed since the amounts printed in Ansys’ proxy statement, such changes have been or will be reflected on Statements of Change in Ownership on Form 4 filed with the SEC. Information about Synopsys’ directors and executive officers is set forth in Synopsys’ proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024 and Synopsys’ subsequent filings with the SEC. Additional information regarding the direct and indirect interests of those persons and other persons who may be deemed participants in the proposed transaction may be obtained by reading the proxy statement/prospectus filed by Synopsys and declared effective by the SEC on April 17, 2024, and any other relevant documents that are filed with the SEC relating to the proposed transaction. You may obtain free copies of these documents as described in the preceding paragraph.

No Offer or Solicitation
This document is for informational purposes only and is not intended to and shall not constitute an offer to buy or sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any securities, or a solicitation of any vote or approval, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offering of securities shall be made, except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

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Results of Operations
The results of operations discussed below are on a GAAP basis unless otherwise stated.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Revenue:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except percentages)20242023Change
GAAPConstant CurrencyGAAPGAAPConstant
Currency
AmountAmount%Amount%
Revenue:
Subscription lease licenses$94,800 $95,392 $147,922 $(53,122)(35.9)$(52,530)(35.5)
Perpetual licenses65,521 65,750 71,230 (5,709)(8.0)(5,480)(7.7)
Software licenses160,321 161,142 219,152 (58,831)(26.8)(58,010)(26.5)
Maintenance289,340 292,289 268,593 20,747 7.7 23,696 8.8 
Service16,944 17,077 21,702 (4,758)(21.9)(4,625)(21.3)
Maintenance and service306,284 309,366 290,295 15,989 5.5 19,071 6.6 
Total revenue$466,605 $470,508 $509,447 $(42,842)(8.4)$(38,939)(7.6)

Revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 decreased 8.4% compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023, or 7.6% in constant currency. The reported $53.1 million decrease in lease license revenue was attributable to a $53.8 million decrease in value from multi-year licenses, partially offset by a $0.7 million increase in value from annual licenses. Perpetual license revenue, which is derived from new sales during the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreased 8.0%, or 7.7% in constant currency, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. Driving the decrease in perpetual license revenue was a 22.6% decrease in the volume of deals, partially offset by a 14.6% increase in average deal size. Maintenance revenue growth of 7.7%, or 8.8% in constant currency, is correlated with previous license sales and is driven substantially by our existing customer base. The reported $20.7 million growth in maintenance revenue was attributable to a $27.8 million increase in maintenance associated with lease licenses, partially offset by a $7.1 million decrease in maintenance associated with perpetual sales.
We continue to experience strong demand from our customers for contracts that often include longer-term, subscription leases involving a larger number of our software products. These arrangements typically involve a higher overall transaction price. The upfront recognition of license revenue related to these larger transactions can result in significant subscription lease revenue volatility. Specifically, the first quarter's operating results reflect a structural timing dynamic affected by the renewal base this quarter in which fewer lease contracts were up for renewal, resulting in comparatively lower up-front lease license revenue recognition. Software products, across a large variety of applications and industries, are increasingly distributed in software-as-a-service, cloud and other subscription environments in which the licensing approach is time-based rather than perpetual. This preference could result in a shift from perpetual licenses to time-based licenses, such as subscription leases, over the long term.
With respect to revenue, on average for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the U.S. Dollar was 2.0% stronger, when measured against our foreign currencies, than for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. The table below presents the net impacts of currency fluctuations on revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. Amounts in parenthesis indicate an adverse impact from currency fluctuations.
(in thousands)Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Japanese Yen$(4,289)
South Korean Won(955)
Euro1,206 
Other135 
        Total$(3,903)

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As a percentage of revenue, our international and domestic revenues, and our direct and indirect revenues, were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
International57.1 %51.6 %
Domestic42.9 %48.4 %
Direct66.5 %76.3 %
Indirect33.5 %23.7 %
Deferred Revenue and Backlog:
Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from customer agreements. The deferred revenue on our condensed consolidated balance sheet does not represent the total value of annual or multi-year, noncancellable agreements. Our backlog represents deferred revenue associated with installment billings for periods beyond the current quarterly billing cycle and committed contracts with start dates beyond the end of the current period. Our deferred revenue and backlog as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following:
Balance at March 31, 2024
(in thousands)TotalCurrentLong-Term
Deferred revenue$454,601 $433,167 $21,434 
Backlog914,852 433,106 481,746 
Total$1,369,453 $866,273 $503,180 
Balance at December 31, 2023
(in thousands)TotalCurrentLong-Term
Deferred revenue$479,754 $457,514 $22,240 
Backlog992,830 439,879 552,951 
Total$1,472,584 $897,393 $575,191 

Revenue associated with deferred revenue and backlog that will be recognized in the subsequent twelve months is classified as current in the tables above.
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Cost of Sales and Operating Expenses:
The tables below reflect our operating results on both a GAAP and constant currency basis. Amounts included in the discussions that follow each table are provided in constant currency and are inclusive of costs related to our acquisitions. The impact of foreign exchange translation is discussed separately, where material.
 Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023Change
GAAPConstant CurrencyGAAPGAAPConstant Currency
(in thousands,
except percentages)
Amount% of
Revenue
Amount% of
Revenue
Amount% of
Revenue
Amount%Amount%
Cost of sales:
Software
licenses
$10,044 2.2 $10,007 2.1 $11,744 2.3 $(1,700)(14.5)$(1,737)(14.8)
Amortization22,484 4.8 22,386 4.8 19,618 3.9 2,866 14.6 2,768 14.1 
Maintenance
and service
36,139 7.7 36,295 7.7 36,290 7.1 (151)(0.4)— 
Total cost of
sales
68,667 14.7 68,688 14.6 67,652 13.3 1,015 1.5 1,036 1.5 
Gross profit$397,938 85.3 $401,820 85.4 $441,795 86.7 $(43,857)(9.9)$(39,975)(9.0)

Software Licenses: The decrease in the cost of software licenses was primarily due to decreased third-party royalties of $1.7 million.
Amortization: The increase in amortization expense was primarily due to recently acquired intangible assets.
The reduction in gross profit was a result of the decrease in revenue and increase in the cost of sales.
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 Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023Change
GAAPConstant CurrencyGAAPGAAPConstant Currency
(in thousands,
except percentages)
Amount% of
Revenue
Amount% of
Revenue
Amount% of
Revenue
Amount%Amount%
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative$219,643 47.1 $220,609 46.9 $188,584 37.0 $31,059 16.5 $32,025 17.0 
Research and
development
128,811 27.6 128,382 27.3 120,335 23.6 8,476 7.0 8,047 6.7 
Amortization6,145 1.3 6,092 1.3 5,181 1.0 964 18.6 911 17.6 
Total operating
expenses
354,599 76.0 355,083 75.5 314,100 61.7 40,499 12.9 40,983 13.0 
Operating income$43,339 9.3 $46,737 9.9 $127,695 25.1 $(84,356)(66.1)$(80,958)(63.4)

Selling, General and Administrative: The increase in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily due to the following:
Increased acquisition costs of $12.1 million, primarily due to costs related to the Merger Agreement with Synopsys.
Increased stock-based compensation of $10.3 million.
Increased salaries of $7.1 million.
We anticipate that we will continue to make targeted investments in our global sales and marketing organizations and our global business infrastructure to enhance and support our revenue-generating activities.
Research and Development: The increase in research and development costs was primarily due to the following:
Increased salaries of $5.8 million.
Increased stock-based compensation of $3.7 million.
We have traditionally invested significant resources in research and development activities and expect to continue to make investments in expanding the ease of use and capabilities of our broad portfolio of simulation software products.
The impacts from currency fluctuations resulted in decreased operating income of $3.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2023.
Interest Income: Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $11.0 million as compared to $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Interest income increased as a result of a higher invested cash balance, a higher interest rate environment and the related increase in the average rate of return on invested cash balances.
Interest Expense: Interest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 was $12.4 million as compared to $10.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 due to a higher interest rate environment.
Other Expense, net: Other expense consisted primarily of net foreign currency losses during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
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Income Tax Provision: Our income before income tax provision, income tax provision and effective tax rates were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except percentages)20242023
Income before income tax provision$40,958 $120,838 
Income tax provision$6,180 $20,216 
Effective tax rate15.1 %16.7 %

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was a result of increased benefits related to research and development credits and stock-based compensation.
When compared to the federal and state combined statutory rate for each respective period, the effective tax rates for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 were favorably impacted by the foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) deduction, stock-based compensation deductions and research and development credits, partially offset by the impact of non-deductible compensation.
Net Income: Our net income, diluted earnings per share and weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)20242023
Net income$34,778 $100,622 
Diluted earnings per share$0.40 $1.15 
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted87,780 87,431 
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Non-GAAP Results
We provide non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share as supplemental measures to GAAP regarding our operational performance. These financial measures exclude the impact of certain items and, therefore, have not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. A detailed explanation and a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure are included below, as applicable.
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)Gross Profit% of RevenueOperating Income% of RevenueNet Income
EPS - Diluted1
Total GAAP$397,938 85.3 %$43,339 9.3 %$34,778 $0.40 
Stock-based compensation expense3,343 0.7 %58,664 12.7 %58,664 0.66 
Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards378 0.1 %5,362 1.1 %5,362 0.06 
Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions22,484 4.8 %28,629 6.1 %28,629 0.33 
Expenses related to business combinations  %14,261 3.0 %14,261 0.16 
Adjustment for income tax effect  %  %(19,698)(0.22)
Total non-GAAP$424,143 90.9 %$150,255