During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company initiated workforce realignment activities to reallocate resources to align with the Company's future strategic plans. The Company incurred related restructuring charges as follows:



(in thousands)	Gross		Net of Tax
Q4 2016	$	3,419	$	2,355
Q1 2017	9,273		6,176
Q2 2017	2,000		1,435
Q3 2017	466		331
Total restructuring charges	$	15,158	$	10,297

The restructuring charges are included in the presentation of cost of software licenses; cost of maintenance and service; research and development expense; and selling, general and administrative expense. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company paid $12.5 million of the gross charges. As of December 31, 2017, $2.2 million of the gross charges incurred to date remains unpaid. The Company completed the workforce realignment activities as of September 30, 2017.