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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
     The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates include useful lives for property and equipment and related depreciation calculations, estimated amortization period for expenses associated with the June 2011 royalty financing transaction and for payments received from product development and license agreements as they relate to revenue recognition, assumptions for valuing options and warrants, and income taxes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
     All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase are classified as cash equivalents.
Investments
     Management determines the appropriate classification of the Company’s investments, which consist solely of debt securities, at the time of purchase. All investments are classified as available-for-sale, carried at estimated fair value and reported in cash and cash equivalents or short-term investments. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and losses and are reported as a separate component in the statement of shareholders’ equity until realized. Fair values of investments are based on quoted market prices where available. Investment income is recognized when earned and includes interest, dividends, amortization of purchase premiums and discounts, and realized gains and losses on sales of securities. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The Company regularly reviews all of its investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. When the Company determines that the decline in fair value of an investment below the Company’s accounting basis is other-than-temporary, the Company reduces the carrying value of the securities held and records a loss equal to the amount of any such decline. No such reductions were required during any of the periods presented.
Property and Equipment
     The Company records property and equipment at cost and calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Machinery and equipment includes external costs incurred for validation of the equipment. The Company does not capitalize internal validation expense. Computer equipment and software includes capitalized computer software. All of the Company’s capitalized software is purchased; the Company has not internally developed computer software. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful life of the improvement.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
     In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment — Overall, the Company reviews for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values and the loss is recognized in the statements of operations.
Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities
     In accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”), the Company recognizes a liability for the cost associated with an exit or disposal activity that is measured initially at its fair value in the period in which the liability is incurred. The Company accounted for the partial sublease of its headquarters building as an exit activity and recorded the sublease loss in its statement of operations (see Note 5).
     According to ASC 420, costs to terminate an operating lease or other contracts are (a) costs to terminate the contract before the end of its term or (b) costs that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the entity. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, changes to the liability are measured using the credit-adjusted risk-free rate that was used to measure the liability initially.
Revenue Recognition
     The Company recognizes revenue under the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, Topic 13, Revenue Recognition Revised and Updated (“SAB Topic 13”) and ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition Multiple Elements (“ASC 605-25”). Revenue for arrangements not having multiple deliverables, as outlined in ASC 605-25, is recognized once costs are incurred and collectability is reasonably assured.
     In accordance with contract terms, milestone payments from collaborative research agreements are considered reimbursements for costs incurred under the agreements and, accordingly, are recognized as revenue either upon completion of the milestone effort, when payments are contingent upon completion of the effort, or are based on actual efforts expended over the remaining term of the agreement when payments precede the required efforts. Refundable development payments are deferred until specific performance criteria are achieved. Refundable development payments are generally not refundable once specific performance criteria are achieved and accepted.
     Collaborative license and development agreements that require the Company to provide multiple deliverables, such as a license, research and product steering committee services and other performance obligations, are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605-25. Under ASC 605-25, delivered items are evaluated to determine whether such items have value to the Company’s collaborators on a stand-alone basis and whether objective reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered items exists. Deliverables that meet these criteria are considered a separate unit of accounting. Deliverables that do not meet these criteria are combined and accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The appropriate revenue recognition criteria are identified and applied to each separate unit of accounting.
     Royalty revenue will be earned under the terms of the asset sale agreement with Zogenix. The Company will recognize revenue when the amounts under this agreement can be determined and when collectability is probable. The Company has no performance obligations under this agreement. The Company anticipates recognizing revenue from quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears since it believes it will not be able to determine quarterly royalty earnings until it receives the royalty statements from Zogenix.
Research and Development
     Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored, collaborative and contracted research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses. The Company expenses research and development costs as such costs are incurred.
Stock-Based Compensation
     The Company accounts for share-based payment arrangements in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation and ASC 505-50, Equity-Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees which requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for all costs related to share-based payments including stock options and restricted stock awards and stock issued under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. This guidance requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of the grant using an option-pricing model. The Company has adopted the simplified method to calculate the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital, or APIC pool of excess tax benefits, and to determine the subsequent effect on the APIC pool and statement of cash flows of the tax effects of stock-based compensation awards.
Income Taxes
     The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. As part of the process of preparing the financial statements, the Company is required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves the Company estimating its current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the balance sheets.
     The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. It considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including the historical levels of income and losses, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If the Company does not consider it more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets, the Company records a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company believed that the amount of its deferred income taxes would not be ultimately recovered. Accordingly, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. However, should there be a change in the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company would recognize a benefit to its tax provision in the period in which it determines that it is more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets.
Net Loss Per Common Share
     Basic net loss per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of restricted shares of common stock subject to repurchase. Potentially dilutive securities were not included in the net loss per common share calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, because the inclusion of such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
     In April 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2010-17, Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. This standard provides guidance on defining a milestone and determining when it may be appropriate to apply the milestone method for revenue recognition for research and development arrangements. This standard provides guidance on the criteria that should be met to recognize revenue upon achievement of the related milestone event. The ASU is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those fiscal years) beginning on or after June 15, 2010. The Company adopted this guidance in the third quarter of 2010. While the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions.
     In September 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-13 Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (formerly EITF Issue No. 08-1 “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”). This standard modifies the revenue recognition guidance for arrangements that involve the delivery of multiple elements, such as product, license fees and research and development reimbursements, to a customer at different times as part of a single revenue generating transaction. This standard provides principles and application guidance to determine whether multiple deliverables exist, how the individual deliverables should be separated and how to allocate the revenue in the arrangement among those separate deliverables. The standard also significantly expands the disclosure requirements for multiple deliverable revenue arrangements. While the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions.
     In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholder’s equity and instead requires separate statements of comprehensive income. The amendment is effective for the fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2011-05 to have a material impact on our financial position and results of operation.