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Note 14 - Stock-based Compensation
6 Months Ended
Feb. 28, 2019
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
1
4
. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
During the
three
months ended
February 28, 2019
and
2018,
the Company recognized total stock-based compensation expense of
$7.7
million and
$7.9
million, respectively. During the
six
months ended
February 28, 2019
and
2018,
the Company recognized total stock-based compensation expense of
$16.1
million and
$15.4
million, respectively. As of
February 28, 2019,
$87.2
million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested equity awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of
3.3
years. There was
no
stock-based compensation capitalized for the
three
and
six
months ended
February 28, 2019
or
August 31, 2018,
respectively.
 
Employee Stock Option Fair Value Determinations
 
The Company utilizes the lattice-binomial option-pricing model (“binomial model”) to estimate the fair value of new employee stock option grants. The Company’s determination of fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using the binomial model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding several variables. These variables include, but are
not
limited to, the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, interest rates, option forfeitures and employee stock option exercise behaviors.
 
Q1
2019
 
454,598
 non-performance-based employee stock options were granted at a weighted average exercise price of
$221.93
 and a weighted average estimated fair value of
$56.77
 per share.
 
Q2
2019
 
6,115
non-performance-based employee stock options were granted at a weighted average exercise price of
$207.84
and a weighted average estimated fair value of
$53.18
per share.
 
Q1
2018
 
553,942
non-performance-based employee stock options were granted at a weighted average exercise price of
$189.98
and a weighted average estimated fair value of
$48.27
per share.
 
Q2
2018
 
15,363
non-performance-based employee stock options were granted at a weighted average exercise price of
$192.11
and a weighted average estimated fair value of
$48.82
per share.
 
 
The weighted average estimated fair value of employee stock options granted was determined using the binomial model with the following weighted average assumptions:
 
Three months ended February 28,
 
2019
   
2018
 
Term structure of risk-free interest rate
   
2.48%
-
3.14
%    
1.28%
-
2.41
%
Expected life (years)
   
 
 
7.1
     
 
 
7.4
 
Term structure of volatility
   
18%
-
25
%    
19%
-
29
%
Dividend yield
   
 
 
1.15
%    
 
 
1.32
%
Weighted average estimated fair value
  $
53.18
    $
48.82
 
Weighted average exercise price
  $
207.84
    $
192.11
 
Fair value as a percentage of exercise price
   
 
 
25.6
%    
 
 
25.4
%
 
 
Six months ended February 28,
 
2019
   
2018
 
Term structure of risk-free interest rate
   
1.28%
-
3.14
%    
1.28%
-
2.41
%
Expected life (years)
   
 
 
7.1
     
 
 
7.4
 
Term structure of volatility
   
18%
-
29
%    
19%
-
29
%
Dividend yield
   
 
 
1.16
%    
 
 
1.32
%
Weighted average estimated fair value
  $
56.72
    $
48.29
 
Weighted average exercise price
  $
221.74
    $
190.04
 
Fair value as a percentage of exercise price
   
 
 
25.6
%    
 
 
25.4
%
 
The risk-free interest rate assumption for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Expected volatility is based on a combination of historical volatility of the Company’s stock and implied volatilities of publicly traded options to buy FactSet common stock with contractual terms closest to the expected life of options granted to employees. The approach to utilize a mix of historical and implied volatility was based upon the availability of actively traded options on the Company’s stock and the Company’s assessment that a combination of implied volatility and historical volatility is best representative of future stock price trends. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The expected life of employee stock options represents the weighted average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is a derived output of the binomial model. The binomial model estimates employee exercise behavior based on the option’s remaining vested life and the extent to which the option is in-the-money. The binomial model estimates the probability of exercise as a function of these
two
variables based on the entire history of exercises and cancellations of all past option grants made by the Company.
 
Non-Employee Director Stock Option Fair
Value Determinations
 
The Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option and Award Plan, as Amended and Restated (the “Director Plan”), provides for the grant of share-based awards, including stock options, to non-employee directors of FactSet. As of
February 28, 2019,
shares available for future grant under the Director Plan was
263,956.
The expiration date of the Director Plan is
December 19, 2027.
 
The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes model to estimate the fair value of new non-employee Director stock option grants. The Company’s determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant is affected by the Company’s stock price, as well as, assumptions regarding several variables. These variables include, but are
not
limited to, the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, interest rates, option forfeitures and employee stock option exercise behaviors.
 
Fiscal
201
9
On
January 15, 2019,
FactSet granted
20,576
stock options to the Company’s non-employee Directors. These options have a weighted average estimated fair value of
$42.77
per share, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
2.51
%
Expected life (years)
   
5.4
 
Expected volatility
   
20.5
%
Dividend yield
   
1.17
%
 
 
Fiscal
2018
On
January 12, 2018,
FactSet granted
18,963
stock options to the Company’s non-employee Directors. These options have a weighted average estimated fair value of
$38.76
per share, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
2.34
%
Expected life (years)
   
5.4
 
Expected volatility
   
19.7
%
Dividend yield
   
1.16
%
 
Restricted Stock
Fair Value Determinations
 
Restricted stock granted to employees entitles the holder to shares of common stock as the award vests over time, but
not
to dividends declared on the underlying shares, while the restricted stock is unvested. The grant date fair value of restricted stock awards is measured by reducing the grant date price of FactSet’s share by the present value of the dividends expected to be paid on the underlying stock during the requisite service period, discounted at the appropriate risk-free interest rate. Restricted stock awards are amortized to expense over the vesting period. During the
first
six
months of fiscal
2019,
there were
41,153
restricted stock awards granted, with a weighted average grant date fair value of
$212.66.
During the
first
six
months of fiscal
2018,
FactSet granted
961
restricted stock awards at a weighted average grant date fair value of
$182.17.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Fair Value Determinations
 
During the
three
months ended
February 28, 2019,
employees purchased
12,624
shares at a weighted average price of
$199.36
as compared to
14,805
shares at a weighted average price of
$171.23
for the
three
months ended
February 28, 2018.
During the
six
months ended
February 28, 2019,
employees purchased
25,719
shares at a weighted average price of
$198.33
as compared to
34,394
shares at a weighted average price of
$150.25
for the
six
months ended
February 28, 2018.
Stock-based compensation expense relating to the ESPP was
$0.5
million for both the
three
months ended
February 28, 2019
and
2018.
Stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP for the
six
months ended
February 28, 2019
and
2018
was
$1.0
million and
$1.1
million, respectively.
 
The weighted average estimated fair value for the shares repurchased under the ESPP was calculated using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions:
 
Three months ended February 28,
 
2019
   
2018
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
2.42
%    
1.45
%
Expected life (months)
   
3
     
3
 
Expected volatility
   
12.47
%    
13.9
%
Dividend yield
   
1.09
%    
1.11
%
Weighted average estimated fair value
  $
40.45
    $
35.02
 
 
Six months ended February 28,
 
2019
   
2018
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
2.35
%    
1.26
%
Expected life (months)
   
3
     
3
 
Expected volatility
   
10.68
%    
10.52
%
Dividend yield
   
1.10
%    
1.29
%
Weighted average estimated fair value
  $
39.52
    $
29.76
 
 
Accuracy of Fair Value Estimates
 
The Company is responsible for determining the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of its share-based payment awards. The Company’s determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s stock price, as well as assumptions regarding several highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are
not
limited to, the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, interest rates, option forfeiture rates and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Option-pricing models were developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have
no
vesting or hedging restrictions and are fully transferable.