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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES:
The Company's effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was 44.6%, compared with 32.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The higher effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was primarily driven by an income tax benefit of $6.3 million recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2016 associated with the now expired United States Short Line Tax Credit. In addition, the Company's provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2017 included the recording of a valuation allowance of €1.6 million (or $1.7 million at the average exchange rate on March 31, 2017) associated with tax losses in the Netherlands primarily driven by losses at ERS. The Company's provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2016 also included the recording of a valuation allowance of A$2.6 million (or $2.0 million at the average exchange rate in March of 2016) associated with the impairment of GWA's now idle rolling-stock maintenance facility that was formerly used in connection with the Southern Iron rail haulage agreement (see Note 2, Changes in Operations).
The United States Short Line Tax Credit is an income tax track maintenance credit for Class II and Class III railroads to reduce their federal income tax based on qualified railroad track maintenance expenditures. Qualified expenditures include amounts incurred for maintaining track, including roadbed, bridges and related track structures owned or leased by a Class II or Class III railroad. The credit is equal to 50% of the qualified expenditures, subject to an annual limitation of $3,500 multiplied by the number of miles of railroad track owned or leased by the Class II or Class III railroad as of the end of its tax year. The United States Short Line Tax Credit was initially enacted for a three year period, 2005 through 2007, and was subsequently extended a series of times following expiration and on a retroactive basis, with the last extension expiring on December 31, 2016.