Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company is required to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value, either upon initial recognition or for subsequent accounting or reporting. For example, we use fair value extensively when accounting for and reporting certain financial instruments, when measuring certain contingent consideration liabilities and in the initial recognition of net assets acquired in a business combination. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy described below, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures defines fair value as a market-based measurement that should be determined based on the assumptions that marketplace participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. When estimating fair value, depending on the nature and complexity of the asset or liability, we may generally use one or each of the following techniques:


•	Income approach, which is based on the present value of a future stream of net cash flows.


•	Market approach, which is based on market prices and other information from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.

As a basis for considering the assumptions used in these techniques, the standard establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:


•	Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.


•	Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable, or inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means.


•	Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that reflect estimates and assumptions.

The following table summarizes the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis classified in the fair value hierarchy (Level 1, 2 or 3) based on the inputs used for valuation in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets:



	As of December 31, 2016						As of December 31, 2015
Fair Value Measurements:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Marketable securities (see Note 4)
Equity securities	$	4,033	$	—	$	—	$	3,525	$	—	$	—
Time deposits	—		—		—		—		13,641		—
Corporate bonds	—		57,348		—		—		42,139		—
Government securities - U.S.	—		42,814		—		—		13,738		—
Government securities - Non-U.S.	—		233		—		—		1,063		—
Other fixed-income securities	—		10,471		—		—		3,992		—
Other securities	—		81		—		—		1,640		—
Total assets	$	4,033	$	110,947	$	—	$	3,525	$	76,213	$	—

Related party payable (see Note 10)	—		—		169,347		—		—		122,693
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	169,347	$	—	$	—	$	122,693

A review of fair value hierarchy classifications is conducted on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification for certain financial assets or liabilities. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no transfers in and out of Level 1, 2, or 3. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment loss.

In 2016, as part of management's review of the consolidated financial statements, we reassessed the fair value level of certain investment grade marketable securities and as a result moved all corporate bonds, government securities, other fixed income securities, and certain other securities from Level 1 to Level 2 assets.

Some of the Company's financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, are reflected in the balance sheet at carrying value, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. Additionally, the Company's long-term debt is reflected in the balance sheet at carrying value, which approximates fair value, as these represent non-interest bearing grants from the French government and are repayable only if the research project is technically or commercially successful.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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