-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, LX+sA6Loz+LamYofs+Ih0ZqKheo09w9vbf8O0NfsBaYaf58cKe1JXQioHrwmLiqY HZi6OhEG0IjTxZ8em9lqEw== 0000912057-01-001408.txt : 20010123 0000912057-01-001408.hdr.sgml : 20010123 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000912057-01-001408 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 8-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 5 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20001107 ITEM INFORMATION: FILED AS OF DATE: 20010116 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: ONYX PHARMACEUTICALS INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001012140 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS (NO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES) [2836] IRS NUMBER: 943154463 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 8-K SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-28298 FILM NUMBER: 1508530 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3031 RESEARCH DR STREET 2: BLDG A CITY: RICHMOND STATE: CA ZIP: 94806 BUSINESS PHONE: 5102229700 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3031 RESEARCH DRIVE STREET 2: 3031 RESEARCH DRIVE CITY: RICHMOND STATE: CA ZIP: 94806 8-K 1 a2034771z8-k.txt FORM 8-K SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ---------------------------------- FORM 8-K CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported) November 7, 2000 ------------------------------ ONYX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 0-28298 94-3154463 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (State or other jurisdiction (Commission (IRS Employer of incorporation) File Number) Identification No.) 3031 Research Drive, Richmond, California 94806 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code (510) 222-9700 ---------------------- NOT APPLICABLE - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Former name or former address, if changed since last report) ITEM 9. Regulation FD Disclosure Pursuant to Regulation FD, information is being furnished below with respect to presentations made by scientists and clinical investigators of Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Onyx"), on November 7, 2000. Attached and incorporated herein by reference are abstracts of these presentations given at the EORTC/NCI/AACR, November 7, 2000 Conference. These abstracts are being furnished under Item 9, as Exhibits 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, and 99.4, attached hereto. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. ONYX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. Date: January 16, 2001 By: /s/ Gregory Giotta ----------------------------------- Name: Gregory Giotta, Ph.D., J.D. Title: Vice President and Chief Legal Counsel EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit Number Description of Document - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99.1 Abstract, Introduction and Summary Johnson et al., "Adenovirus targeting deregulation of the RB tumor suppressor pathway in cancer cells demonstrate potent anti-tumor activity." 99.2 Abstract, Introduction, Strategy and Conclusion Laquerre et al., "p53-selectively replicating adenoviruses expressing the cytosine deaminase prodrug converting enzyme." 99.3 Abstract and Study Summary Reid et al., "Intra-arterial administration of a replication-selective adenovirus CI-1042 (ONYX-015) in patients with colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver: safety, feasibility and biological activity." 99.4 Abstract, Summary and Conclusion Shen et al., "Analyses of single amino acid substitution mutants of adenovirus type 5 E1B-55K protein." EX-99.1 2 a2034771zex-99_1.txt EXHIBIT 99.1 EXHIBIT 99.1 Abstract Adenovirus targeting deregulation of the RB tumor suppressor pathway in cancer cells demonstrate potent anti-tumor activity. L. Johnson, A. Sampson-Johannes, S. McCoy, J. Holt, T. Hermiston and A. Fattaey. Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Richmond, CA 94806 We have developed human adenoviruses that selectively replicate based upon deregulation of the pRb-signaling pathway in human cancers. Disruption of this signaling cascade has been linked to a variety of different tumor types and can occur through genetic alteration of a number of different components that lie within this pathway (e.g., p16, cdk4, cyclin D and pRb). Through its binding to cellular transcription factors such as E2F, pRb and its associated proteins can function as a transcriptional repressor complex that regulates cell cycle progression regardless of the tissue of origin of the infected cells. For human adenoviruses, one function of their E1A proteins is to sequester pRb and its related family members, thereby rendering the cell permissive to both viral and cellular DNA synthesis. The human adenovirus, ONYX-838, encodes a mutant E1A gene whose products are no longer capable of binding to and inactivating pRb. We have further engineered ONYX-838 to create a series of viruses whose early gene expression patterns are dependent upon abnormal E2F activity as a result of deregulated pRb pathway signaling. These viruses have demonstrated anti-tumor activity similar to wildtype human adenovirus both IN VITRO and IN VIVO. The E2F-dependent regulation engineered into these viruses has significantly reduced the expression of certain early genes in normal human primary cells, regardless of their proliferative state, and underscores the tumor cell selectively built into these viruses. This marked decrease in early gene expression translates into reduced late gene expression and an attenuated viral infection. The very limited toxicity that is associated with these viruses in normal, human primary cells IN VITRO is also observed IN VIVO and may have important safety implications following systemic administration. This strategy to combine alterations in E1A with E2F-dependent regulation of early viral gene expression has yielded therapeutic viruses that are both safe and highly selective for the loss of an intact pRb pathway in human cancers. Introduction We have exploited the use of selectively replicating viral therapy to engineer and develop human adenoviruses that will replicate based upon deregulation of the pRb-signaling pathway in human cancers. Disruption of this signaling cascade has been linked to a variety of different tumor types and can occur through genetic alteration of a number of different components that lie within this pathway (e.g., p15, cdk4, cyclin D and pRb). Through its binding to cellular transcription factors such as E2F, pRb and its associated proteins can function as a transcriptional repressor complex that regulates the expression of E2F-responsive genes and, hence, cell cycle progression regardless of the tissue of origin of the infected cells. For human adenoviruses, one function of their E1A proteins is to sequester pRb and its related family members, thereby rendering the cell permissive to both viral and cellular DNA synthesis. The human adenovirus, DL922/47 (ONYX-838), encodes a mutant E1A gene whose products are no longer capable of binding to an inactivating pRb. We have engineered further ONYX-838 to create a series of viruses whose early gene expression patterns are dependent upon abnormal E2F activity as a result of deregulated signaling within the pRb pathway. These viruses have demonstrated anti-tumor activity similar to wild-type human adenovirus both IN VITRO and IN VIVO. The E2F-dependent regulation engineered into these viruses has significantly reduced the expression of certain early genes in normal human primary cells, regardless of their proliferative state, and underscores the tumor cell selectivity built into these viruses. This marked decrease in early gene expression translates into drastically reduced late gene expression and an attenuated viral infection. The very limited toxicity that is associated with these viruses in normal, human primary cells IN VITRO is also observed IN VIVO and may have important safety implications following systemic administration. This strategy to combine alterations in E1A and E2F-dependent regulation of early viral gene expression has yielded therapeutic viruses that we believe are both safe and selective for the loss of an intact pRb-pathway in human cancers. Summary The enhanced selectivity of the E1A and E2F-dependent viruses results in a substantially increased therapeutic index in animal models of human cancer. The RB-targeted Adenoviruses demonstrate efficacy that: The RB-targeted Adenoviruses demonstrate activity that is responsive to the functional status of pRb. The RB-targeted Adenoviruses demonstrate enhanced safety, both IN VIVO and IN VITRO, compared to wild-type Adenovirus, with restricted expression/activity regardless of their proliferative status. Onyx currently plans to file an IND by the end of 2001 to test the RB-targeted viruses in a human clinical trial for the treatment of cancer. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT This abstract contains certain forward-looking statements regarding the development of potential human therapeutic products that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events may differ from Onyx's expectations. EX-99.2 3 a2034771zex-99_2.txt EXHIBIT 99.2 EXHIBIT 99.2 Abstract P53-selectively replicating adenoviruses expressing the cytosine deaminase prodrug converting enzyme S. Laquerre, M.D. Young, L. Johnson, J. Nye, L. Hawkins, S. Weber, P. Holman, M. Lemmon, S. McCoy, L. Cohen, W. Collard and T. Hermiston Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Richmond, CA 94806 Cancer is a major cause of death in the United States and new approaches are clearly needed to prevent and/or treat the disease. Gene transfer of chemosensitization genes is a promising cancer therapy strategy, with the potential for higher active drug concentrations within tumors while minimizing systemic toxicity. To take advantage of the prodrug converting enzyme strategy, we modified a selectively replicating adenovirus CI-1042 (ONYX-015) to encode the E. COLI cytosine deaminase (CD) gene. The CD gene was placed in multiple, distinct loci within the virus and expressed using endogenous, viral promoters. Analysis of these viruses demonstrated that i) the CD prodrug converting enzyme was expressed in infected cells and was capable of converting 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), ii) the IN VITRO oncolytic effect of the virus expressing CD is increased in the presence of 5-FC, and iii) the levels of 5-FU achieved after conversion of 5-FC within the tumor were higher than those reported to have a chemotherapeutic effect. In contrast the plasma levels of 5-FU were much lower than the tumor levels, implying reduced systemic toxicity. Introduction CANCER: Although an increasing number of genes are found to be altered in human cancers, mutations in components of the Ras signal transduction pathway, the RB and p53 tumor suppressor pathway, and the activation of telomerase are common features of nearly all human cancers. CI-1042 (ONYX-015) MECHANISM OF ACTION: At Onyx Pharmaceuticals, we have pioneered the use of selectively replicating adenoviruses as new therapeutic agents for the treatment of human cancer. The first of these viruses, CI-1042 (ONYX-015), is a human adenovirus that has been genetically engineered to lack the E1B55K gene, the product of which binds to cellular p53 protein. In concert with another adenovirus encoded protein, E4ORF6, E1B55K functions to target p53 for degradation in infected cells. CI-1042 (ONYX-015) is therefore incapable of inactivating p53 function. Infection of normal human cells with CI-1042 (ONYX-015) results in an upregulation of p53 protein and an attenuation of the virus' ability to produce new viral progeny. Infection of human cancer cells with CI-1042 (ONYX-015) results in the unchecked continuation of the virus replication cycle, the cancer cells are killed, new virus progeny are produced, and neighboring cancer cells are infected to start the virus life cycle anew. To date, CI-1042 (ONYX-015) has been studied in Phase II clinical trials in head and neck cancer patients; in Phase I/II trials in patients with colorectal cancer and with metastases to the liver and pancreatic cancer patients; and in Phase I studies in patients with ovarian and lung cancers. PRODRUG CONVERTING ENZYMES: Although the results of these clinical trials are very encouraging, we have developed a system permitting insertion of therapeutic transgenes into the virus genome in order to expand the range of cancer indications served by our selectively replicating viruses including gp19K, ADP and E3b. This approach takes advantage of the endogenous viral promoters and the virus replication cycle to express the transgenes, thereby coupling transgene expression to virus replication. The significant features of this technology are selective expression and amplification of the transgenes within the local tumor environment. A number of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents are prodrugs. Prodrugs are the inactive form of a drug that requires specific enzymatic modifications to be converted to their active form. The E. COLI cytosine deaminase gene, CD, is one such enzyme and it is capable of converting 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), an antifungal agent into 5-flurouracil (5-FU), an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent commonly used for the treatment of head and neck and colorectal cancers. Strategy Our strategy has been to insert and express the E. coli CD gene from the p53-selective replicating virus' genome. We envision a development strategy whereby the CD-armed selectively replicating virus is administered to patients and in the presence of the prodrug 5-FC, the CD-armed virus would not only reproduce itself, but also result in the expression of high levels of CD transcripts. Because the virus replicates selectively in the cancer tissue, in the presence of administered 5-FC, it should also steadily increase the concentration of 5-FU in the cancer mass. This should expose the cancer cells to higher levels of 5-FU than is possible with systemic administration of 5-FU. Replication and production of new virus progeny should also result in higher levels of transduction and transgene expression than is possible via any other mode of gene delivery. Selective expression of CD and conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU at the tumor site should also minimize systemic exposure and toxicity. Conclusion 1) 5-FC was detected in tumor and plasma of CI-1042 (ONYX-015) injected animals, and as expected no 5-FU was detected. 2) In ONYX-700 injected tumor as well as in their plasma, the level of 5-FC was similar to that detected in CI-1042 (ONYX-015) treated animal, however a small conversion was observed at 2 h post 5-FC injection. 3) The level of 5-FC detected in tumor of animal treated with ONYX-740 was lower than that detected in tumor of animal treated with CI-1042 (ONYX-015) or ONYX-700, presumably due to the high level of 5-FC to 5-FU conversion in these tumors. The level of 5-FC in plasma of animal treated with ONYX-740 was similar than that of animal treated with CI-1042 (ONYX-015) and ONYX-700 and little 5-FU was detected in the plasma of ONYX-740 treated animal. Thus, by incorporating a gene encoding a pro-drug converting enzyme into a selectively replicating adenovirus, we have increased the potency of this replicating virus, as determined by both in vitro and in vivo assays. This "Armed Therapeutic Virus-TM-" is expected to have a higher therapeutic index when used to treat human cancer. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT This abstract contains certain forward-looking statements regarding the development of potential human therapeutic products that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events may differ from Onyx's expectations. EX-99.3 4 a2034771zex-99_3.txt EXHIBIT 99.3 EXHIBIT 99.3 Abstract Intra-arterial administration of a replication-selective adenovirus Cl-1042 (ONYX-015) in patients with colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver: safety, feasibility and biological activity T. Reid, E. Galanis, J. Abbruzzese, D. Sze, J. Andrews, B. Radlev, L. Romel, J. Rubin and D. Kirn Both replication-incompetent and replication-selective adenoviruses are being developed for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. A phase I/ II dose escalation trial was performed in patients with liver-predominant gastrointestinal carcinoma (n=33 total; primarily colorectal). Inclusion criteria included KPS > 70%, AST/ALT < 3 times the upper limit of normal, T.bili < 2.0, and < 50% liver replacement by tumor. CI-1042 (ONYX-015) was infused into the hepatic artery at doses of 2x10(8) - 2x10(12) particles for two cycles (days 1 and 8). Subsequent cycles of CI-1042 (ONYX-015) were administered in combination with intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin. No dose-limiting toxicity, maximally-tolerated dose or treatment-emergent clinical hepatotoxicity were identified following CI-1042 (ONYX-015) infusion. Mild to moderate fever, rigors and fatigue were the most common adverse events. Expression of IL-1, -6, tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma increased within 3 hours and IL-10 by 18 hours. Antibody titers increased significantly in all patients. Objective responses were demonstrated in combination with chemotherapy, including one patient who was refractory to both 5-FU and CI-1042 (ONYX-015) as single agents. Viremia was observed 3 days after infusion in patients treated at the highest dose levels. Of the 33 patients enrolled in the study, the survival of the 27 patients receiving the highest doses of CI-1042 (ONYX-015) is prolonged compared to the survival of the 6 patients treated during the dose escalation phase. Hepatic artery infusion of the attenuated adenovirus CI-1042 (ONYX-015) was well-tolerated, there were no dose limiting toxicities and there was evidence of infection, replication and antitumoral activity. Study Summary SAFETY. In this phase I/II study, CI-1042 (ONYX-015) was administered by hepatic artery infusion into patients with measurable gastrointestinal cancer involving the liver. Treatment was initiated at 10e7 pfu/infusion and escalated in 0.5 log increments to 10e11 pfu/infusion. There have been no dose-limiting toxicities; however, most patients experienced grade I/II fevers. Transient rigors starting 1 to 2 hours after the infusion were common in the patients treated at the highest dose levels and were readily controlled with Benadryl or Demerol and Phenergan. Other adverse reactions included anemia, cytopenias, nausea, mucositis and fatigue. RESPONSE/SURVIVAL. 33 patients were enrolled in the study. 6 patients were treated in the dose escalation phase and 27 patients were treated at the highest administered dose. The survival of the patients who received the highest doses of CI-1042 (ONYX-015) is prolonged compared to the patients on the dose escalation phase of the study. VIRAL REPLICATION. The virus is rapidly cleared from the blood following arterial infusion, but the second peak of activity observed 3 days following the infusion suggests ongoing viral replication. CYTOKINE ANALYSIS. IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and IFN gamma increased significantly by 3 hours following infusion, especially IL-1 which was undetectable at baseline. The expression of these cytokines returned to near baseline by 18 hours after infusion. In contrast, IL-10 expression remained unchanged at 3 hours following infusion of CI-1042 (ONYX-015), but was increased by 18 hours following the infusion. Baseline levels of interferon, TNF, IL-6 and IL-10 are elevated in subsequent cycles (cycles 2-4) following exposure to CI-1042 (ONYX-015). SELECTIVITY. Despite the extensive tumor necrosis observed in these patients, treatment resulted in only minor and transient increases in serum transaminase levels, confirming the safety and selectivity of CI-1042 (ONYX-015) administered by hepatic artery infusion. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT This abstract contains certain forward-looking statements regarding the development of potential human therapeutic products that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events may differ from Onyx's expectations. EX-99.4 5 a2034771zex-99_4.txt EXHIBIT 99.4 EXHIBIT 99.4 Abstract Analyses of single amino acid substitution mutants of adenovirus type 5 E1B-55K protein Y. Shen, G. Kitzes, J. Nye, A. Fattaey and T. Hermiston The E1B-55K protein plays an important role during the human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) productive infection. E1B-55K binds specifically to the p53 tumor suppressor protein, blocking p53-mediated transcription activation. In addition, E1B-55K collaborates with another adenovirus protein, E4orf6, to target p53 for active degradation in the cytoplasm. During the late phase of the viral infection, a protein complex that includes E1B-55K and E4orf6 modulates mRNA trafficking, facilitating efficient nuclear export of late viral mRNAs while inhibiting the nucleocytoplasmic transport of cellular mRNAs. In CI-1042 (ONYX-015), the E1B-55K gene is deleted, attenuating the viral infection in normal cells and restricting the productive infection to tumor cells lacking p53 function. Restoring the late functions of the E1B-55K protein to the exclusion of p53 interaction may enhance the replication efficiency and the anti-cancer efficacy. In an effort to separate the p53 binding/inactivation function and the late functions of the E1B-55K protein, we have generated 26 single amino acid mutations in the E1B-55K protein. These mutants were characterized for their ability to modulate p53 level, interact with the E4orf6 protein, mediate viral late gene expression, and support virus replication in human cancer cells. Summary The E1B-55K protein plays an important role both during the early phase and the late phase of the human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) productive infection. In CI-1042 (ONYX-015), the E1B-55K gene is deleted, attenuating the viral infection in normal cells and restricting the productive infection to tumor cells lacking p53 function. In this study, we have generated twenty-six single amino acid mutations in the E1B-55K protein and characterized their ability to modulate p53 level, interact with the E4orf6 protein, mediate viral late gene expression, and support virus replication in human cancer cells. Two mutants appeared to have lost their ability to inactivate p53 but have retained, at least partially, the late functions of the wild-type protein. The ability to separate the p53-inactivation activity and the late functions of E1B-55K raises the possibility to generate adenovirus variants that retain the tumor selectivity of CI-1042 (ONYX-015), but can replicate more efficiently than CI-1042 (ONYX-015) in a wide spectrum of cell types. We believe this study may provide insights for new therapeutic viruses with increased efficacy for the treatment of human cancers. Conclusion In this study, we have constructed a series of single amino acid substitution mutations in the p53-binding domain and the transcriptional repression domain of the E1B-55K protein. These mutations were recombined into an infectious virus (dl309) background and characterized for their abilities to modulate p53 level, interact with the E4orf6 protein, mediate viral late functions, and support virus replication in human cancer cells. Two E1B-55K mutants, R240A and H260A, appeared to have lost the ability to inactivate p53 but have retained, at least partially, the late functions of the wild-type protein. R240A fully restored the wild-type replication capacity of CI-1042 (ONYX-015) in human cancer cells, while H260A did so only partially. The ability to separate the p53-inactivation activity and the late functions of E1B-55K raises the possibility to generate adenovirus variants that retain the tumor selectivity of CI-1042 (ONYX-015), but can replicate more efficiently than CI-1042 (ONYX-015) in a wide spectrum of cell types. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT This abstract contains certain forward-looking statements regarding the development of potential human therapeutic products that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events may differ from Onyx's expectations. -----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----