8. Stock-Based Compensation

Number Holdings, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan

On February 27, 2012, the board of directors of Parent (the “Board”) adopted the Number Holdings, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan authorizes equity awards to be granted for up to 87,500 shares of Class A Common Stock of Parent and 87,500 shares of Class B Common Stock of Parent. As of July 28, 2017, options for 81,755 shares of each of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock were outstanding and held by employees, members of management and directors. Options upon vesting may be exercised only for units consisting of an equal number of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. Class B Common Stock has de minimis economic rights and the right to vote solely for election of directors.

Employee Option Grants

Options subject to time-vesting conditions granted to employees generally become exercisable over a four or five year service period and have terms of ten years from the date of grant. Options with performance-vesting conditions granted to employees generally become exercisable based on the achievement of certain performance targets and have terms of ten years from the date of grant.

Under the standard form of option award agreement for the 2012 Plan, Parent has a right to repurchase from the participant all or a portion of (i) Class A and Class B Common Stock of Parent issued upon the exercise of the options awarded to a participant and still held by such participant or his or her transferee and (ii) vested but unexercised options. The repurchase price for the shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock of Parent received from option exercises prior to termination of employment is the fair market value of such shares as of the date of such termination, and, for the vested but unexercised options, the repurchase price is the difference between the fair market value of the Class A and Class B Common Stock of Parent as of the date of termination of employment and the exercise price of the option. However, upon (i) a termination of employment for cause, (ii) a voluntary resignation without good reason, or (iii) upon discovery that the participant engaged in detrimental activity, the repurchase price is the lesser of the exercise price paid by the participant to exercise the option or the fair market value of the Class A and Class B Common Stock of Parent. If Parent elects to exercise its repurchase right for any shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of an option, it must do so no later than (i) 180 days after the date of participant’s termination of employment if the option is exercised prior to the date of termination, or (ii) no later than 90 days from the latest date that such option can be exercised if the option is exercised after the date of termination. If Parent elects to exercise its repurchase right for any vested and unexercised option, it must do so for no longer than the latest date that such option can be exercised. The options also contain transfer restrictions that lapse upon registration of an offering of Parent common stock under the Securities Act of 1933 (a “liquidity event”).

The Company defers recognition of substantially all of the stock-based compensation expense related to these stock options. The nature of repurchase rights and transfer restrictions create a performance condition that is not considered probable of being achieved until a liquidity event or certain employment termination events are probable of occurrence. Additionally, the Company has deferred recognition of the stock-based compensation expense for performance-based options until it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved. These options are accounted for as equity-based awards. The fair value of these stock options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model. There were 21,688 time-based and 17,817 performance-based employee options outstanding (for individuals other than board members, Mr. Covert and Ms. Thornton) as of July 28, 2017.

Director Option Grants

Options granted to board members generally become exercisable over a three, four or five year service period and have terms of ten years from the date of grant. Options granted to board members do not contain repurchase rights that would allow the Parent to repurchase these options at less than fair value. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for these option grants over the service period. These options are accounted for as equity awards. The fair value of these stock options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model. On July 26, 2016, the Compensation Committee of Parent amended 1,000 previously granted board member options with exercise prices in excess of $757 per share to lower the exercise price to $757 per share. The reduction in the exercise price was treated as a modification of stock options for accounting purposes. The modification, based on the fair value of the options both immediately before and after such modification, resulted in a total incremental compensation expense of less than $0.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2017.

Chief Financial Officer Equity Awards

In October 2015, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Felicia Thornton as the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of each of the Company and Parent. In connection with this agreement, Ms. Thornton was granted options to purchase 10,000 shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock of Parent. One-half of the options vest on each of the first four anniversaries of Ms. Thornton’s start date, and the other half of the options vest based on the achievement of certain performance targets. Options granted to Ms. Thornton contain repurchase rights as described above that would allow the Parent to repurchase these options at less than fair value, except that repurchase rights at less than fair value in the case of voluntary resignation without good reason lapse after November 2, 2017.

The Company records stock-based compensation for the time-based options in accordance with the four year vesting period. The Company has deferred recognition of the stock-based compensation expense for the performance-based options until it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved. The time-based and performance-based options are accounted for as equity awards. The fair value of these time-based and performance-based options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model.

On July 26, 2016, the Compensation Committee of Parent amended Ms. Thornton’s performance-based options to conform the vesting conditions for the performance-vested options with those granted to other employees. The amendment of the performance targets was treated as a modification of stock options for accounting purposes and had no impact on compensation expense. The Company has continued to defer recognition of the stock-based compensation expense for the amended performance-based options. The fair value of these amended performance-based options was estimated at the date of modification using the Black-Scholes pricing model.

Chief Executive Officer Equity Awards

In September 2015, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Geoffrey J. Covert as the President and Chief Executive Officer of each of the Company and Parent. In connection with this agreement, Mr. Covert was granted two options, each to purchase 15,500 shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock of Parent. One of the grants has an exercise price of $1,000 per share. The other grant has an exercise price equal to $750 per share plus the amount by which the fair market value of the underlying share exceeds $1,000 on the date of exercise. One-half of each grant vests on each of the first four installments of the grant date, and the other half of each grant vests based on the achievement of certain performance targets. The vesting of the options is subject to Mr. Covert’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date. The options are subject to the terms of the 2012 Plan and the award agreements under which they were granted.

The Company has deferred recognition of the stock-based compensation expense for these time-based and performance-based stock options due to repurchase rights and transfer restrictions included in the terms of the award. The nature of the repurchase rights and transfer restrictions create a performance condition that is not considered probable of being achieved until a liquidity event or certain employment termination events are probable of occurrence. Additionally, the Company has deferred recognition of the stock-based compensation expense for performance-based options until it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved. The fair value of the grant with an exercise price of $1,000 per share was estimated at the date of grant using a binomial model. The fair value of the other grant was estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation method.

On July 26, 2016, the Compensation Committee of Parent amended Mr. Covert’s performance-based options to conform the vesting conditions for the performance-vested options with those granted to other employees. The amendment of the performance hurdles was treated as a modification of stock options for accounting purposes and had no impact on compensation expense. The Company has continued to defer recognition of the stock-based compensation expense for the amended performance-based options. The fair value of the grant with an exercise price of $1,000 per share was estimated at the date of modification using a binomial model. The fair value of the other grant was estimated at the date of modification using a Monte Carlo simulation method.

Accounting for stock-based compensation

Determining the fair value of options at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating the expected term that stock options will be outstanding prior to exercise and the associated volatility. In accordance with the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation — Stock Compensation, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company elected to recognize forfeitures in the period they occur as a reversal of previously recognized compensation expense. The reduction in compensation expense is determined based on the specific options forfeited during that period. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company applied an estimated forfeiture rate as a reduction of current period stock-based compensation expense. During the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. During the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2017, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

There were no stock option grants in the first half of fiscal 2018.

The following summarizes stock option activity in the first half of fiscal 2018:

	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Options outstanding at the beginning of the period	82,140		$	800
Granted	—		$	—
Exercised	—		$	—
Cancelled	(385	)	$	757


Outstanding at the end of the period	81,755		$	800	8.5


Exercisable at the end of the period	17,443		$	782	8.5

The following table summarizes the stock awards available for grant under the 2012 Plan as of July 28, 2017:

		Number of Shares
Available for grant as of January 27, 2017		4,670
Authorized		—
Granted		—
Cancelled		385

Available for grant at July 28, 2017		5,055