POS AMI 1 d491244dposami.htm STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES State Street Navigator Securities
As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2023
1940 Act File No. 811-07567


UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
☒  
Amendment No. 44
 

STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(617) 664-1465
(Registrant's Telephone Number)
Sean O’Malley, Esq.
Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel
c/o SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02210
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copy to:
Timothy W. Diggins, Esq.
Ropes & Gray LLP
Prudential Tower, 800 Boylston Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02199-3600
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Registration Statement on Form N-1A has been filed by the Registrant pursuant to Section 8(b) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). However, beneficial interests in the Registrant are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) because such interests are issued solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. This Registration Statement does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, within the meaning of the 1933 Act, any beneficial interests in the Registrant.



PART A
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
State Street Navigator Securities Lending Government Money Market Portfolio
April 30, 2023
Because the State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust (the Trust) is only registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), responses to Items 1, 2, 3, 4 and 13 of Form N-1A have been omitted. Item 8 is omitted because it is not applicable.
Introduction
The Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on June 15, 1995.
The Trust issues beneficial interests of its series solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offering within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act). This Registration Statement does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any security within the meaning of the 1933 Act.
State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street) has established a securities lending program for its clients (the State Street Securities Lending Program). Each client that participates in the State Street Securities Lending Program as a lender (each, a Client Lending Fundand collectively, the Client Lending Funds) enters into a securities lending authorization agreement with State Street. Under such agreement, State Street is authorized to invest the cash collateral securing loans of securities of each Client Lending Fund in a variety of investments, as consistent with applicable law. Shares of the Trust are offered primarily to, and held by, the Client Lending Funds in the State Street Securities Lending Program, and may, on a case-by-case basis, be offered to and held by institutional investors that participate in a third-party lending agent program (Third-Party Lending Fundsand Third-Party Securities Lending Program(s)). The Client Lending Funds and the Third-Party Lending Funds are sometimes referred to herein collectively as the Lending Funds; the State Street Securities Lending Program and the Third-Party Securities Lending Program are sometimes referred to herein collectively as the Securities Lending Program.
Item 5. Management
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (SSGA FMor the Adviser) serves as the investment adviser to the State Street Navigator Securities Lending Government Money Market Portfolio (the Government Money Market Portfolioor the Portfolio), a series of the Trust.
Item 6. Purchase and Sale of Portfolio Shares
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment amount for the Portfolio.
Shares are offered solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offeringwithin the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act.
Shares of the Portfolio are only offered to, and may only be held by, the Lending Funds in the Securities Lending Program. Shares of the Portfolio are available for purchase each day on which the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Federal Reserve banks and State Street are open for business (a Business Day). Purchases are effected on behalf of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Lending Fund. All shares of the Portfolio are purchased at the net asset value (NAV) per share of the Portfolio next determined after the purchase is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent and determined to be in good order. Redemptions are effected on behalf of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Client Lending Fund.
Shares of the Portfolio may be redeemed on each Business Day at the NAV per share of the Portfolio next determined after the redemption is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent. The Portfolio observes the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
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Under normal circumstances, the Portfolio expects to meet redemption requests by using cash or cash equivalents in its portfolio and/or selling portfolio assets to generate cash. The Portfolio also may pay redemption proceeds using cash obtained through borrowing arrangements that may be available from time to time.
Item 7. Tax Information
The Portfolio intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income.
Item 9. Investment Objective, Principal Investment Strategies, Related Risks, and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The investment objective, principal strategies, risks and portfolio holdings disclosure policy of the Portfolio are described below. The investment objective of the Portfolio may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board) upon at least sixty (60) days' prior written notice to shareholders of the Portfolio. The Board may change the Portfolio's investment strategies and other policies without shareholder approval, except as otherwise indicated. See the Part B of the Registration Statement (Part B) for a description of certain fundamental investment restrictions for the Portfolio. The Portfolio's investment adviser is SSGA FM, a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc.
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State Street Navigator Securities Lending Government Money Market Portfolio
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the Portfolio is to seek to maximize current income, to the extent consistent with the preservation of capital and liquidity and the maintenance of a stable $1.00 per share NAV.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Portfolio is a government money market fund and invests only in obligations issued or guaranteed as to principal and/or interest, as applicable, by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities, as well as repurchase agreements secured by such instruments. The Portfolio will provide shareholders with at least 60 days' prior notice of any change in this investment policy. The Portfolio may hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, to satisfy redemption requests or to meet the Portfolio's other cash management needs.
The Portfolio follows a disciplined investment process that attempts to provide stability of principal, liquidity and current income, by investing in U.S. government securities. Among other things, SSGA FM, the investment adviser to the Portfolio, conducts its own credit analyses of potential investments and portfolio holdings, and relies substantially on a dedicated short-term credit research team. The Portfolio invests in accordance with regulatory requirements applicable to money market funds. Regulations require, among other things, a money market fund to invest only in short-term, high quality debt obligations (generally, securities that have remaining maturities of 397 calendar days or less, with the exception of certain floating rate securities that may have final maturities longer than 397 days but use maturity shortening provisions under Rule 2a-7 to meet the 397 day requirement, and that the Portfolio believes present minimal credit risk), to maintain a maximum dollar-weighted average maturity and dollar-weighted average life of sixty (60) days or less and 120 days or less, respectively, and to meet requirements as to portfolio diversification and liquidity. All securities held by the Portfolio are U.S. dollar-denominated, and they may have fixed, variable or floating interest rates.
The Portfolio attempts to meet its investment objective by investing in:
Obligations issued or guaranteed as to principal and/or interest, as applicable, by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities, such as U.S. Treasury securities and securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States;
Obligations issued or guaranteed by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage Association, and U.S. government-sponsored entities such as the Federal Home Loan Bank, and the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation, which are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States; and
Repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities.
The Portfolio is used exclusively for the investment of cash received as collateral for securities loans. Accordingly, the Portfolio may experience significant redemptions in response to declines in the value of securities on loan or the quantity of loans outstanding from time to time. If the Portfolio is required to sell securities to meet significant redemptions during a period of market disruption, the Portfolio may experience losses, which may impair the ability of the Portfolio to maintain a stable NAV of $1.00 per share.
Principal Risks of Investing in the Portfolio
The Portfolio is subject to the following principal risks. You could lose money by investing in the Portfolio. Although the Portfolio seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it cannot guarantee it will do so. An investment in the Portfolio is subject to investment risks, including possible loss of principal, is not a deposit in a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any other governmental agency. The Portfolio's sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the Portfolio, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to the Portfolio at any time. Certain risks relating to instruments and strategies used in the management of the Portfolio are placed first. The significance of any specific risk to an investment in the Portfolio will vary over time, depending on the composition of the Portfolio's portfolio, market conditions, and other factors. You should read all of the risk information presented below carefully, because any one or more of these risks may result in losses to the Portfolio.
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Money Market Risk. An investment in a money market fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency. Although a money market fund generally seeks to preserve the value of its shares at $1.00 per share, there can be no assurance that it will do so, and it is possible to lose money by investing in a money market fund. A major or unexpected change in interest rates or a decline in the credit quality of an issuer or entity providing credit support, an inactive trading market for money market instruments, or adverse market, economic, industry, political, regulatory, geopolitical, and other conditions could cause a money market fund's share price to fall below $1.00. It is possible that a money market fund will issue and redeem shares at $1.00 per share at times when the fair value of the money market fund's portfolio per share is more or less than $1.00. A money market fund may be permitted or required to impose redemption fees or to impose limitations on redemptions during periods of high illiquidity in the markets for the investments held by it. None of State Street Corporation, State Street, State Street Global Advisors, SSGA FM or their affiliates (collectively, the State Street Entities) guarantee the value of an investment in a money market fund at $1.00 per share. Investors should have no expectation of capital support to a money market fund from the State Street Entities.
U.S. Government Securities Risk. U.S. government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds and mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency's obligations; and still others are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality, or enterprise. Although U.S. government-sponsored enterprises such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) may be chartered or sponsored by Congress, they are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their securities are not issued by the U.S. Treasury nor supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. There is no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies and instrumentalities if not required to do so. In addition, certain governmental entities have been subject to regulatory scrutiny regarding their accounting policies and practices and other concerns that may result in legislation, changes in regulatory oversight and/or other consequences that could adversely affect the credit quality, availability, or investment character of securities issued by these entities. The value and liquidity of U.S. government securities may be affected adversely by changes in the ratings of those securities. Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury historically have been considered to present minimal credit risk. The downgrade in the long-term U.S. credit rating by at least one major rating agency has introduced greater uncertainty about the ability of the U.S. to repay its obligations. A further credit rating downgrade or a U.S. credit default could decrease the value and increase the volatility of the Portfolio's investments.
Repurchase Agreement Risk. A repurchase agreement is an agreement to buy a security from a seller at one price and a simultaneous agreement to sell it back to the original seller at an agreed-upon price, typically representing the purchase price plus interest. Repurchase agreements may be viewed as loans made by the Portfolio, which are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. The Portfolio's investment return on such transactions will depend on the counterparty's willingness and ability to perform its obligations under a repurchase agreement. If the Portfolio's counterparty should default on its obligations and the Portfolio is delayed or prevented from recovering the collateral, or if the value of the collateral is insufficient, the Portfolio may realize a loss.
Stable Share Price Risk. If the market value of one or more of the Portfolio's investments changes substantially, the Portfolio may not be able to maintain a stable share price of $1.00. This risk typically is higher during periods of rapidly changing interest rates or when issuer credit quality generally is falling, and is made worse when the Portfolio experiences significant redemption requests.
Market Risk. Market prices of investments held by the Portfolio will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. The Portfolio's investments are subject to changes in general economic conditions, general market fluctuations and the risks inherent in investment in securities markets. Investment markets can be volatile, and prices of investments can change substantially due to various factors, including, but not limited to, economic growth or recession, changes in interest rates, inflation, changes in actual or perceived creditworthiness of issuers and general market liquidity. Even if general economic conditions do not change, the value of an investment in the Portfolio could decline if the particular industries, sectors or companies in which the Portfolio invests do not perform well or are adversely affected by events. Further, legal, political, regulatory and tax changes also may cause fluctuations in markets and securities prices. Local, regional or global events such as war, military conflicts, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have a significant impact on the Portfolio and its investments.
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The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in major disruptions to economies and markets around the world, including the United States. Although vaccines have been developed and approved for use by various governments, the duration of the pandemic and its effects cannot be predicted with certainty. COVID-19, and efforts to contain its spread, have contributed to, and may continue to contribute to, market volatility, inflation, reduced liquidity of certain instruments, supply chain disruptions, and systemic economic weakness, and trading in many instruments was and may continue to be disrupted as a result. In response, governments and central banks, including the Federal Reserve in the United States, have taken extraordinary and unprecedented actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets. The impact of these measures, and whether they will be effective to mitigate the economic and market disruption, will not be known for some time. The foregoing could impact the Portfolio and its investments and result in disruptions to the services provided to the Portfolio by its service providers.
Additionally, in March 2023, the shutdown of certain financial institutions raised economic concerns over disruption in the U.S. banking system.  There can be no certainty that the actions taken by the U.S. government to strengthen public confidence in the U.S. banking system will be effective in mitigating the effects of financial institution failures on the economy and restoring public confidence in the U.S. banking system. 
Money Market Fund Regulatory Risk. Money market funds and the securities they invest in are subject to comprehensive regulations. The enactment of new legislation or regulations, as well as changes in interpretation and enforcement of current laws, may affect the manner of operation, performance and/or yield of money market funds. The SEC has proposed amendments to money market fund regulation that if adopted as proposed would, among other things, increase the daily and weekly liquid asset requirements, remove liquidity fees and redemption gate provisions and require institutional prime money market funds to use swing pricing. Such amendments may, if adopted, limit the Portfolio's investment flexibility and reduce its ability to generate returns.
Low Short-Term Interest Rate Risk. During market conditions in which short-term interest rates are at low levels, the Portfolio's yield can be very low. During these conditions, it is possible that the Portfolio will generate an insufficient amount of income to pay its expenses, and that it will not be able to pay a daily dividend and may have a negative yield (i.e., it may lose money on an operating basis). It is possible that the Portfolio would, during these conditions, maintain a substantial portion of its assets in cash, on which it may earn little, if any, income.
Call/Prepayment Risk. Call/prepayment risk is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Portfolio earlier than expected or required. This may occur, for example, when there is a decline in interest rates, and an issuer of bonds or preferred stock redeems the bonds or stock in order to replace them with obligations on which it is required to pay a lower interest or dividend rate. It may also occur when there is an unanticipated increase in the rate at which mortgages or other receivables underlying mortgage- or asset-backed securities held by the Portfolio are prepaid. In any such case, the Portfolio may be forced to invest the prepaid amounts in lower-yielding investments, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio's income.
Counterparty Risk. The Portfolio will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties with which the Portfolio enters into repurchase agreements and other transactions. If a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, the Portfolio may be unable to terminate the transaction, and it may be delayed or prevented from realizing on any collateral in the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding relating to the counterparty.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer, guarantor or liquidity provider of a fixed-income security held by the Portfolio may be unable or unwilling, or may be perceived (whether by market participants, ratings agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. It includes the risk that the security will be downgraded by a credit rating agency; generally, lower credit quality issuers present higher credit risks. An actual or perceived decline in creditworthiness of an issuer of a fixed-income security held by the Portfolio may result in a decrease in the value of the security. It is possible that the ability of an issuer to meet its obligations will decline substantially during the period when the Portfolio owns securities of the issuer or that the issuer will default on its obligations or that the obligations of the issuer will be limited or restructured.
The credit rating assigned to any particular investment does not necessarily reflect the issuer's current financial condition and does not reflect an assessment of an investment's volatility or liquidity. Securities rated in the lowest category of investment-grade are considered to have speculative characteristics. If a security held by the Portfolio loses its rating
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or its rating is downgraded, the Portfolio may nonetheless continue to hold the security in the discretion of the Adviser. In the case of asset-backed or mortgage-related securities, changes in the actual or perceived ability of the obligors on the underlying assets or mortgages to make payments of interest and/or principal may affect the values of those securities.
Debt Securities Risk. The values of debt securities may increase or decrease as a result of the following: market fluctuations, changes in interest rates, actual or perceived inability or unwillingness of issuers, guarantors or liquidity providers to make scheduled principal or interest payments or illiquidity in debt securities markets. To the extent that interest rates rise, certain underlying obligations may be paid off substantially slower than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply. A rising interest rate environment may cause the value of the Portfolio's fixed income securities to decrease, an adverse impact on the liquidity of the Portfolio's fixed income securities, and increased volatility of the fixed income markets. During periods when interest rates are at low levels, the Portfolio's yield can be low, and the Portfolio may have a negative yield (i.e., it may lose money on an operating basis). To the extent that interest rates fall, certain underlying obligations may be paid off substantially faster than originally anticipated. If the principal on a debt obligation is prepaid before expected, the prepayments of principal may have to be reinvested in obligations paying interest at lower rates. During periods of falling interest rates, the income received by the Portfolio may decline. Changes in interest rates will likely have a greater effect on the values of debt securities of longer durations. Returns on investments in debt securities could trail the returns on other investment options, including investments in equity securities. The U.S. Federal Reserve has been engaged in an aggressive campaign to raise interest rates in an effort to combat historically high levels of inflation. Interest rate increases may continue. High levels of inflation and/or a significantly changing interest rate environment can lead to heightened levels of volatility and reduced liquidity.
Income Risk. The Portfolio's income may decline due to falling interest rates or other factors. Issuers of securities held by the Portfolio may call or redeem the securities during periods of falling interest rates, and the Portfolio would likely be required to reinvest in securities paying lower interest rates. If an obligation held by the Portfolio is prepaid, the Portfolio may have to reinvest the prepayment in other obligations paying income at lower rates. A reduction in the income earned by the Portfolio may limit the Portfolio's ability to achieve its objective.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that the securities held by the Portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. Debt securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than debt securities with shorter durations. For example, the value of a security with a duration of five years would be expected to decrease by 5% for every 1% increase in interest rates. Falling interest rates also create the potential for a decline in the Portfolio's income and yield. Interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments. Variable and floating rate securities also generally increase or decrease in value in response to changes in interest rates, although generally to a lesser degree than fixed-rate securities. A substantial increase in interest rates may also have an adverse impact on the liquidity of a security, especially those with longer durations. Changes in governmental policy, including changes in central bank monetary policy, could cause interest rates to rise rapidly, or cause investors to expect a rapid rise in interest rates. This could lead to heightened levels of interest rate, volatility and liquidity risks for the fixed income markets generally and could have a substantial and immediate effect on the values of the Portfolio's investments. The U.S. Federal Reserve has been engaged in an aggressive campaign to raise interest rates in an effort to combat historically high levels of inflation. Interest rate increases may continue. High levels of inflation and/or a significantly changing interest rate environment can lead to heightened levels of volatility and reduced liquidity.
Large Shareholder Risk. To the extent a large proportion of the shares of the Portfolio are highly concentrated or held by a small number of shareholders (or a single shareholder), including funds or accounts over which the Adviser has investment discretion, the Portfolio is subject to the risk that these shareholders will purchase or redeem Portfolio interests in large amounts rapidly or unexpectedly, including as a result of an asset allocation decision made by the Adviser. These transactions could adversely affect the ability of the Portfolio to conduct its investment program. For example, they could require the Portfolio to sell portfolio securities or purchase portfolio securities unexpectedly and incur substantial transaction costs and/or accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or gains to shareholders, or the Portfolio may be required to sell its more liquid portfolio investments to meet a large redemption, in which case the Portfolio's remaining assets may be less liquid, more volatile, and more difficult to price. The Portfolio may hold a relatively large proportion of its assets in cash in anticipation of large redemptions, diluting its investment returns.
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Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk. The Portfolio is subject to the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, pandemics and epidemics, and systemic market dislocations may be highly disruptive to economies and markets. Those events, as well as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions, also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Portfolio's investments. Given the increasing interdependence among global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region might adversely affect markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. Any partial or complete dissolution of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union, or any increased uncertainty as to its status, could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Portfolio's investments. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) formally withdrew from the European Union (EU) (commonly known as Brexit). An agreement between the UK and the EU governing their future trade relationship became effective January 1, 2021, but critical aspects of the relationship remain unresolved and subject to further negotiation and agreement. There is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences associated with the exit, including whether the U.K.'s exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU. Brexit may have a significant impact on the U.K., Europe, and global economies, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, new legal and regulatory uncertainties and potentially lower economic growth for these economies that could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of the Portfolio's investments. Securities and financial markets may be susceptible to market manipulation or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the values of investments traded in these markets, including investments held by the Portfolio. To the extent the Portfolio has focused its investments in the market or index of a particular region, adverse geopolitical and other events could have a disproportionate impact on the Portfolio.
Market Volatility; Government Intervention Risk. Market dislocations and other external events, such as the failures or near failures of significant financial institutions, dislocations in investment or currency markets, corporate or governmental defaults or credit downgrades, or poor collateral performance, may subject the Portfolio to significant risk of substantial volatility and loss. Governmental and regulatory authorities have taken, and may in the future take, actions to provide or arrange credit supports to financial institutions whose operations have been compromised by credit market dislocations and to restore liquidity and stability to financial systems in their jurisdictions; the implementation of such governmental interventions and their impact on both the markets generally and the Portfolio's investment program in particular can be uncertain. Governmental and non-governmental issuers may default on, or be forced to restructure, their debts, and other issuers may face difficulties obtaining credit. Defaults or restructurings by governments or others of their debts could have substantial adverse effects on economies, financial markets, and asset valuations around the world. Federal Reserve or other U.S. or non-U.S. governmental or central bank actions, including interest rate increases or contrary actions by different governments, or investor perception that these efforts are not succeeding, could negatively affect financial markets generally as well as the values and liquidity of certain securities.
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Investments in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are subject to the risk of significant credit downgrades, illiquidity, and defaults to a greater extent than many other types of fixed income investments. The liquidity of mortgage-related and asset-backed securities may change over time. Mortgage-related securities represent a participation in, or are secured by, mortgage loans. Other asset-backed securities are typically structured like mortgage-related securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include, for example, items such as motor vehicle installment sales or installment loan contracts, leases on various types of real and personal property, and receivables from credit card agreements. During periods of falling interest rates, mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, which typically provide the issuer with the right to prepay the security prior to maturity, may be prepaid, which may result in the Portfolio having to reinvest the proceeds in other investments at lower interest rates. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may extend because of slower-than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below market interest rate, increase the security's duration and interest rate sensitivity, and reduce the value of the security. As a result, mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other debt securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market values during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayment rates are difficult to predict and the potential impact of prepayments on the value of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed security depends on the terms of the instrument and can result in significant volatility. The price of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed security also depends on the credit quality and adequacy of the underlying assets or collateral. Mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities issued by non-governmental issuers (such as commercial banks, sav
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ings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers) will generally entail greater credit risk than obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government. Defaults on the underlying assets, if any, may impair the value of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed security. For some asset-backed securities in which the Portfolio may invest, such as those backed by credit card receivables, the underlying cash flows may not be supported by a security interest in a related asset. Moreover, the values of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools, and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence or malfeasance by their servicers and to the credit risk of their servicers. In certain situations, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of securities holders in and to the underlying collateral. There may be legal and practical limitations on the enforceability of any security interest granted with respect to underlying assets, or the value of the underlying assets, if any, may be insufficient if the issuer defaults.
Rapid Changes in Interest Rates. The values of instruments held by the Portfolio may be adversely affected by rapid changes in interest rates. Rapid changes in interest rates may cause significant requests to redeem Portfolio Shares, and possibly cause the Portfolio to sell portfolio securities at a loss to satisfy those requests. Significant losses could impair the Portfolio's ability to maintain a stable share price of $1.00.
Reinvestment Risk. Income from the Portfolio may decline when the Portfolio invests the proceeds from investment income, sales of portfolio securities or matured, traded or called debt obligations. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, an issuer of debt obligations may exercise an option to redeem securities prior to maturity, forcing the Portfolio to reinvest the proceeds in lower-yielding securities. A decline in income received by the Portfolio from its investments is likely to have a negative effect on the yield and total return of the Portfolio Shares.
Significant Exposure to U.S. Government Agencies or Instrumentalities Risk. To the extent the Portfolio focuses its investments in securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities, any market movements, regulatory changes or changes in political or economic conditions that affect the U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities in which the Portfolio invests may have a significant impact on the Portfolio's performance. Events that would adversely affect the market prices of securities issued or guaranteed by one government agency or instrumentality may adversely affect the market price of securities issued or guaranteed by other government agencies or instrumentalities.
U.S. Treasury Obligations Risk. U.S. Treasury obligations may differ from other securities in their interest rates, maturities, times of issuance and other characteristics. Similar to other issuers, changes to the financial condition or credit rating of the U.S. government may cause the value of the Portfolio's U.S. Treasury obligations to decline. The total public debt of the United States as a percent of gross domestic product grew rapidly after the financial crisis of 2008 and has remained at a historically high level. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt level may increase market pressures to meet government funding needs, which may drive debt cost higher and cause a country to sell additional debt, thereby increasing refinancing risk. A high national debt also raises concerns that a government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. In the worst case, unsustainable debt levels can cause a decline in the value of the dollar (which may lead to inflation), and can prevent the U.S. government from implementing effective counter-cyclical fiscal policy in economic downturns. On August 5, 2011, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services downgraded U.S. Treasury securities from AAA rating to AA+ rating. Standard & Poor's Ratings Services stated that its decision was prompted by its view on the rising public debt burden and its perception of greater policymaking uncertainty. A downgrade of the ratings of U.S. government debt obligations, which are often used as a benchmark for other borrowing arrangements, could result in higher interest rates for individual and corporate borrowers, cause disruptions in the international bond markets and have a substantial negative effect on the U.S. economy. A downgrade of U.S. Treasury securities from another ratings agency or a further downgrade below AA+ rating by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services may cause the value of the Portfolio's U.S. Treasury obligations to decline. In recent years, impasses in Congress regarding the federal budget have caused repeated temporary Federal government shutdowns. While Congress has temporarily suspended the debt limit from time to time, the risks that the U.S. government will not adopt a long-term budget or deficit reduction plan, of one or more additional Federal government shutdowns or of future failures to not increase the Federal government's debt limit, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree.
Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk. Variable or floating rate securities are debt securities with variable or floating interest rates payments. Variable or floating rate securities bear rates of interest that are adjusted periodically according to formulae intended generally to reflect market rates of interest and allow the Portfolio to participate (determined in accordance with the terms of the securities) in increases in interest rates through upward adjustments of the coupon
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rates on the securities. However, during periods of increasing interest rates, changes in the coupon rates may lag behind the changes in market rates or may have limits on the maximum increases in coupon rates. Alternatively, during periods of declining interest rates, the coupon rates on such securities will typically readjust downward resulting in a lower yield.
Additional Information About Non-Principal Investment Strategies and Risks
The investments described below reflect the Portfolio's current practices. In addition to the principal risks described above, other risks are described in some of the descriptions of the investments below:
Conflicts of Interest Risk. An investment in the Portfolio will be subject to a number of actual or potential conflicts of interest. For example, the Adviser or its affiliates may provide services to the Portfolio, such as custodial, administrative, bookkeeping, and accounting services, transfer agency and investor servicing, securities brokerage services, and other services for which the Portfolio would compensate the Adviser and/or such affiliates. The Portfolio may invest in other pooled investment vehicles sponsored, managed, or otherwise affiliated with the Adviser. There is no assurance that the rates at which the Portfolio pays fees or expenses to the Adviser or its affiliates, or the terms on which it enters into transactions with the Adviser or its affiliates will be the most favorable available in the market generally or as favorable as the rates the Adviser or its affiliates make available to other clients. Because of its financial interest, the Adviser will have an incentive to enter into transactions or arrangements on behalf of the Portfolio with itself or its affiliates in circumstances where it might not have done so in the absence of that interest, provided that the Adviser will comply with applicable regulatory requirements.
The Adviser and its affiliates serve as investment adviser to other clients and may make investment decisions that may be different from those that will be made by the Adviser on behalf of the Portfolio. For example, the Adviser may provide asset allocation advice to some clients that may include a recommendation to invest in or redeem from particular issuers while not providing that same recommendation to all clients invested in the same or similar issuers. The Adviser may (subject to applicable law) be simultaneously seeking to purchase (or sell) investments for the Portfolio and to sell (or purchase) the same investment for accounts, funds, or structured products for which it serves as asset manager, or for other clients or affiliates. The Adviser and its affiliates may invest for clients in various securities that are senior, pari passu or junior to, or have interests different from or adverse to, the securities that are owned by the Portfolio. The Adviser or its affiliates, in connection with its other business activities, may acquire material nonpublic confidential information that may restrict the Adviser from purchasing securities or selling securities for itself or its clients (including the Portfolio) or otherwise using such information for the benefit of its clients or itself.
The foregoing does not purport to be a comprehensive list or complete explanation of all potential conflicts of interests which may affect the Portfolio. The Portfolio may encounter circumstances, or enter into transactions, in which conflicts of interest that are not listed or discussed above may arise.
Cybersecurity Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform business and operational functions, funds (such as the Portfolio) and their service providers (including the Adviser) may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. In addition, the global spread of COVID-19 has caused the Portfolio and its service providers to implement business continuity plans, including widespread use of work-from-home arrangements. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Portfolio, the Adviser or a custodian, transfer agent, or other affiliated or third-party service provider may adversely affect the Portfolio or its investors. For instance, cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may interfere with the processing of investor or other transactions, affect the Portfolio's ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private investor information or confidential Portfolio information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject the Portfolio to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may render records of Portfolio assets and transactions, investor ownership of Portfolio Shares, and other data integral to the functioning of the Portfolio inaccessible or inaccurate or incomplete. The Portfolio may also incur substantial costs for cybersecurity risk management in order to prevent cyber incidents in the future. The Portfolio and its investors could be negatively impacted as a result. While the Adviser has established business continuity plans and systems designed to minimize the risk of cyber-attacks through the use of technology, processes and controls, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified, given the evolving nature of this threat. The
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Portfolio relies on third-party service providers for many of its day-to-day operations, and will be subject to the risk that the protections and protocols implemented by those service providers will be ineffective to protect the Portfolio from cyber-attack. The Adviser does not control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by third-party service providers, and such third-party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Adviser or the Portfolio. Similar types of cybersecurity risks or technical malfunctions also are present for issuers of securities in which the Portfolio may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Portfolio's investment in such securities to lose value.
LIBOR Risk. The Portfolio's payment obligations, financing terms and investments in certain instruments (including debt securities and derivatives) may rely in some fashion upon the London-Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). LIBOR is an average interest rate, determined by the ICE Benchmark Administration (IBA,the administrator of LIBOR) (IBA), that banks offer to charge one another for the use of short-term money. In 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced its intention to cease compelling banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR after 2021. IBA ceased publication of most LIBOR settings on a representative basis at the end of 2021 and is expected to cease publication of a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on a representative basis after June 30, 2023. In addition, global regulators have announced that, with limited exceptions, no new LIBOR-based contracts should be entered into after 2021. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies. Various financial industry groups have been planning for the transition away from LIBOR and markets are developing in response to these new rates, but questions around the liquidity of the new rates and how to appropriately adjust these rates to eliminate any economic value transfer at the time of transition remain a significant concern. The transition away from and elimination of LIBOR may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that rely on LIBOR, particularly insofar as the documentation governing such instruments does not include fall backprovisions addressing the transition from LIBOR. Uncertainty and volatility arising from the transition may result in a reduction in the value of certain LIBOR-based instruments held by the Portfolio or reduce the effectiveness of related transactions such as hedges. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to the Portfolio.
Temporary Defensive Positions. In response to actual or perceived adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, a Portfolio may (but will not necessarily), without notice, depart from its principal investment strategies by temporarily investing for defensive purposes. While investing defensively, the Portfolio may maintain a substantial portion of its assets in cash, on which the Portfolio may earn little if any income. If a Portfolio invests for defensive purposes, it may not achieve its investment objective. In addition, the defensive strategy may not work as intended.
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure
The Portfolio's portfolio holdings disclosure policy is described in the Part B.
Item 10. Management, Organization and Capital Structure
The Portfolio
The Portfolio is a separate, diversified series of the Trust.
The Adviser
SSGA FM serves as the investment adviser to the Portfolio and, subject to the oversight of the Board, is responsible for the investment management of the Portfolio. The Adviser provides an investment management program for the Portfolio and manages the investment of the Portfolio's assets. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation. The Adviser is registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Adviser and certain other affiliates of State Street Corporation make up SSGA. SSGA is one of the world's largest institutional money managers and the investment management arm of State Street Corporation. As of December 31, 2022, the Adviser managed approximately $804.40 billion in assets and SSGA managed approximately $3.48 trillion in assets. The Adviser's principal business address is One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.
A discussion regarding the Board's consideration of the Portfolio's Investment Advisory Agreement is provided in the Portfolio's Semi-Annual Report to Investors for the period ended June 30, 2022.
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The Administrator, Sub-Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent
The Adviser serves as administrator of the Portfolio. State Street, a subsidiary of State Street Corporation, serves as sub-administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Portfolio. The Portfolio pays an annual fee that is accrued daily and payable monthly for the administration, sub-administration, custody and transfer agency services SSGA FM and State Street provide. For its role in providing administrative services to the Portfolio, the Adviser receives a portion of such fee paid by the Portfolio at the annual rate of 0.00075%.
Additional Information
The Trustees of the Trust oversee generally the operations of the Portfolio and the Trust. The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Portfolio's investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent, and accountants, who provide services to the Portfolio. Investors are not parties to any such contractual arrangements or intended beneficiaries of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any investor any right to enforce them directly against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them directly against the service providers.
This Part A provides information concerning the Trust and the Portfolio that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Portfolio. Neither this Part A, nor the related Part B, is intended, or should be read, to be or to give rise to an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Portfolio and any investor, or to give rise to any rights in any investor or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived.
Advisory Fee
As compensation for the Adviser's services to the Portfolio, the Portfolio is obligated to pay a fee of 0.0175% of its average daily net assets. SSGA FM, is contractually obligated until April 30, 2024 (i) to waive its up to the full amount of the advisory fee payable by the Portfolio and/or (ii) to reimburse the Portfolio for expenses to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (exclusive of non-recurring account fees and/or extraordinary expenses) exceed 0.042% of average daily net assets on an annual basis. This waiver and/or reimbursement may not be terminated prior to April 30, 2024 except with approval of the Board.
The Adviser and certain of its affiliates (each a Service Provider) also may voluntarily reduce all or a portion of its fees and/or reimburse expenses for the Portfolio to the extent necessary to maintain a certain minimum net yield, which may vary from time to time, in SSGA FM's sole discretion (any such waiver or reimbursement of expenses by a Service Provider being referred to herein as a Voluntary Reduction). Under an agreement with the Service Providers relating to the Voluntary Reduction, the Portfolio has agreed to reimburse the Service Providers for the full dollar amount of any Voluntary Reduction beginning on May 1, 2020, subject to certain limitations. Each Service Provider may, in its sole discretion, irrevocably waive receipt of any or all reimbursement amounts due from the Portfolio.
A reimbursement to the Service Provider would increase fund expenses and may negatively impact the Portfolio's yield during such period. There is no guarantee that the Voluntary Reduction will be in effect at any given time or that the Portfolio will be able to avoid a negative yield. The Portfolio has agreed, subject to certain limitations, to reimburse the applicable Service Provider for the full dollar amount of any Voluntary Reduction incurred after May 1, 2020. Any such future reimbursement of an applicable Service Provider may result in the total annual operating expenses of the Portfolio exceeding the amount of the expense cap under the contractual expense limitation agreement because the expense is not covered by the agreement.
Capital Stock
Shares of the Trust are not registered under the 1933 Act or the securities law of any state and are sold in reliance upon exemptions from registration under such laws. Shares may not be transferred or resold without registration under the 1933 Act, except pursuant to an exemption from registration. However, shares of the Trust may be redeemed on any Business Day in accordance with the terms of the Trust's Master Trust Agreement and the Confidential Offering Memorandum relating to the Portfolio provided to shareholders.
Item 11. Shareholder Information
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment amount for the Portfolio. Shares of the Portfolio are only offered to, and may only be held by, the Lending Funds in the State Street Securities Lending Program and may, on a case-by-case basis be offered to and held by Third-Party Lending Funds in Third-Party Securities Lending Programs. Shares of the Government Money Market Portfolio are available for purchase each Business Day. Purchases are effected on behalf
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of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, or, to the extent applicable, a third-party lending agent, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Third-Party Lending Fund. All shares of the Portfolio are purchased at the NAV per share of the Portfolio next determined after the purchase is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent and determined to be in good order. Shares of the Portfolio may be redeemed on each Business Day at the NAV per share of the Portfolio next determined after the redemption is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent. The Portfolio is a government money market fund that has not elected to be subject to the fees and gates provisions of Rule 2a-7. Redemptions are effected on behalf of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, or, to the extent applicable, a third-party lending agent, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Third Party Lending Fund. The Portfolio observes the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
The NAV per share of the Portfolio for a Business Day is determined by dividing the NAV of the Portfolio on such Business Day, calculated typically by using the amortized cost method of valuation, by the number of issued and outstanding shares on that Business Day. The amortized cost valuation method initially prices an instrument at its cost and thereafter assumes a constant amortization to maturity of any discount or premium, regardless of the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the instrument.
The NAV per share of the Portfolio is determined at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on each Business Day. For so long as the Portfolio may use the amortized cost method of valuing securities held by the Portfolio, it expects to maintain a NAV per share of $1.00. There is no guarantee that the Portfolio will maintain a stable NAV per share of $1.00.
If the Portfolio receives a redemption order in good form prior to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on a Business Day, the Portfolio typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on that day regardless of the method the Portfolio uses to make such payment. If a redemption order is placed after 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on a Business Day, the Portfolio typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on the next Business Day. The Portfolio reserves the right to pay for redeemed shares within seven days after receiving a redemption order if, in the judgment of the Adviser, an earlier payment could adversely affect the Portfolio.
The transfer agent may temporarily delay for more than seven days the disbursement of redemption proceeds from the Portfolio account of a Specified Adult(as defined in Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) Rule 2165) based on a reasonable belief that financial exploitation of the Specified Adult has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted, subject to certain conditions.
Under normal circumstances, the Portfolio expects to meet redemption requests by using cash or cash equivalents in its portfolio and/or selling portfolio assets to generate cash. The Portfolio also may pay redemption proceeds using cash obtained through borrowing arrangements that may be available from time to time.
The Portfolio may pay all or a portion of your redemption proceeds by giving you securities (for example, if the Portfolio reasonably believes that a cash redemption may have a substantial impact on the Portfolio and its remaining shareholders). A redemption is generally a taxable event for shareholders, regardless of whether the redemption is satisfied in cash or in kind. You may pay transaction costs (including through the realization of taxable gain) to dispose of the securities, and you may receive less for them than the price at which they were valued for purposes of the redemption. In addition, you will be subject to the market risks associated with such securities until such time as you choose to dispose of the security.
During periods of deteriorating or stressed market conditions or during extraordinary or emergency circumstances, the Portfolio may be more likely to pay redemption proceeds with cash obtained through short-term borrowing arrangements (if available) or by giving you securities.
In accordance with certain federal regulations, the Trust is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each entity that applies to open an account, including, in certain cases, information concerning such entity's beneficial owners. For this reason, when you open (or change ownership of) an account, the Trust will request certain information, including your name, address and taxpayer identification number, which will be used to verify your identity. If you are unable to provide sufficient information to verify your identity, the Trust will not open an account for you. As required by
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law, the Trust may employ various procedures, such as comparing your information to fraud databases or requesting additional information and documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct. The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase for any reason, including failure to provide the Trust with information necessary to confirm your identity as required by law.
Dividends and Distributions
Dividends on shares of the Portfolio will be declared and paid daily from the Portfolio's net investment income. Distributions of net short- and long-term capital gains, if any, will be made at least annually. Dividends will be processed pursuant to the securities lending authorization agreement between the Lending Fund and State Street, or, to the extent applicable, as otherwise directed by a Third-Party Lending Fund. Generally, distributions will be declared and paid in December, if required, for the Portfolio to avoid imposition of a federal excise tax on undistributed capital gains. The Portfolio does not expect to realize any significant long-term capital gains or losses.
A shareholder's right to receive dividends and distributions with respect to shares purchased commences on the effective date of the purchase of such shares and continues through the day immediately preceding the effective date of redemption of such shares.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Portfolio Shares
The Board has not adopted market timing policies and procedures with respect to the Portfolio. The Board has evaluated the risks of market timing activities by the Portfolio's shareholders and has determined that due to the (i) the Portfolio's use of the amortized cost methodology of maintaining the NAV at $1.00 each day, (ii) nature of the Portfolio's portfolio holdings, (iii) nature of the Portfolio's shareholders, (iv) inability of the Portfolio's shareholders to exchange into other mutual funds, and (v) inability of the Portfolio's shareholders to direct transactions because cash moves in and out of the Portfolio as securities are lent and returned, it is unlikely that (a) market timing would be attempted by the Portfolio's shareholders or (b) any attempts to market time the Portfolio by shareholders would result in a negative impact to the Portfolio or its shareholders.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Status
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to an investment in the Portfolio. Your investment in the Portfolio may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about federal, state, local, foreign or other tax laws applicable to you.
The Portfolio has elected to be treated as a regulated investment companyunder Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) and intends each year to qualify and to be eligible to be treated as such. A regulated investment company generally is not subject to tax at the corporate level on income and gains that are timely distributed to shareholders. In order to qualify and be eligible for treatment as a regulated investment company, the Portfolio must, among other things, satisfy diversification, qualifying income and distribution requirements. The Portfolio's failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would result in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
If the Portfolio fails to distribute in a calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for such year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 (or for the one-year period ending November 30 or December 31 if the Portfolio is eligible to elect and so elects), plus any retained amount from the prior year, the Portfolio will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. A dividend paid to shareholders by the Portfolio in January of a year is generally deemed to have been paid by the Portfolio on December 31 of the preceding year, if the distribution was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year. The Portfolio intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax although there can be no assurance it will do so. In addition, if the Portfolio were to qualify as a personal holding company,it may have to comply with additional requirements with respect to its distributions to shareholders in order to avoid the fund-level tax under the personal holding company rules of the Code.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains generally are determined by how long the Portfolio owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long you have owned your shares. Distributions of net
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capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) from the sale of investments that the Portfolio owned for more than one year that are properly reported by the Portfolio as capital gain dividends generally will be treated as long-term capital gain includible in your net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. The Portfolio does not expect to realize any significant long-term capital gains or losses. Distributions of gains from investments that the Portfolio owned for one year or less generally will be taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions are taxable to you even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Portfolio before your investment (and thus were included in the price you paid for your shares). Distributions may also be subject to state, local or foreign taxes and are taxable whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.
If the NAV of Portfolio shares were to vary from $1.00 per share, shareholders generally would realize a gain or loss upon the redemption or other taxable disposition of such Portfolio shares. Any such gain would be taxable to you as either short-term or long-term capital gain, depending upon how long you held such Portfolio shares, except that, as and where the Portfolio is not a publicly offeredregulated investment company (as described below), in certain circumstances, it is possible that the proceeds of a redemption of Portfolio shares may be taxable as dividend income or a return of capital. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) permits a simplified method of accounting for gains and losses realized upon the disposition of shares of a regulated investment company that is a money market fund. If you elect to adopt this simplified method of accounting, rather than compute gain or loss on every taxable disposition of Portfolio shares, you will determine your gain or loss based on the change in the aggregate value of your Portfolio shares during a computation period (such as your taxable year), reduced by your net investment (purchase minus sales) in those shares during that period. Under this simplified method, any resulting net capital gain or loss would be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
A regulated investment company is considered publicly offeredif its shares are continuously offered pursuant to a public offering, its shares are regularly traded on an established securities exchange, or it has at least 500 shareholders at all times during a taxable year. Because shares of the Portfolio are not so registered or traded, and the Portfolio is not expected to have at least 500 shareholders at all times during the taxable year, a portion or all the proceeds of redemptions of the Portfolio shares may be treated as dividends. If a shareholder redeems fewer than all of its shares, such shareholder may be treated as having received a distribution under Section 301 of the Code (a Section 301 distribution) unless the redemption is treated as being either (i) substantially disproportionatewith respect to such shareholder by satisfying certain numerical tests relating to the reduction in the redeeming shareholder's percentage interest, and percentage voting interest, in the Portfolio, or (ii) otherwise not essentially equivalent to a dividendunder the relevant rules of the Code. For any period during which the Portfolio has a single shareholder, all redemption distributions will be treated as Section 301 distributions. A Section 301 distribution is not treated as a sale or exchange giving rise to a capital gain or loss, but rather is treated as a dividend to the extent supported by the Portfolio's current and accumulated earnings and profits, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the shareholder's tax basis in the Portfolio shares, and thereafter as capital gain.
In addition, in the event the Portfolio is not considered publicly offered, certain shareholders will be deemed to receive distributions equal to their allocable shares of certain expenses paid by the Portfolio. Very generally, expenses that are deemed distributed by the Portfolio include those paid or incurred during a calendar year that are deductible in determining the Portfolio's investment company taxable income for a taxable year beginning or ending within that calendar year, including in particular its advisory fee, but excluding those expenses incurred by virtue of the Portfolio's organization as a registered investment company (such as its registration fees, trustees' fees, expenses of periodic trustees' and shareholders' meetings, transfer agent fees, certain legal and accounting fees, the expenses of shareholder communications required by law, and certain other expenses). Shareholders of the Portfolio that will be deemed to have received distributions of such expenses include (i) individuals taxable in the U.S. or persons calculating their taxable income in the same way as do such individuals and (ii) pass-through entities having such an individual or person or another pass-through entity as an interest holder or beneficiary. Such deemed distributions of expenses are not deductible under current law by those direct or indirect shareholders who are individuals (or entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as an individual). The deemed distributions of expenses could as a result increase a shareholder's net taxes owed, lowering the Portfolio's effective yield with respect to such a shareholder.
An additional 3.8% Medicare contribution tax is imposed on the net investment incomeof individuals, estates and trusts to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends paid by the Portfolio, including any capital gain dividends, and net gains recognized on the redemption or other taxable disposition of shares of the Portfolio.
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The Portfolio's income from or the proceeds of dispositions of its investments in non-U.S. assets may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes, which will reduce the yield on those investments. Shareholders generally will not be entitled separately to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes incurred by the Portfolio. If shareholders are not entitled to claim such a credit or deduction, the Portfolio's taxable income will be reduced by the foreign taxes paid or withheld. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in the Portfolio through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by the Portfolio, if any.
Certain of the Portfolio's investment practices, including derivative transactions and investments in debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, will be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions. These special rules may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of the Portfolio's distributions, and may require the Portfolio to sell its investments at a time when it is not advantageous to do so.
If you are not a U.S. person, dividends paid by the Portfolio that the Portfolio properly reports as capital gain dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, or interest-related dividends are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax, provided that certain other requirements are met. The Portfolio is permitted, but is not required, to report any part of its dividends as are eligible for such treatment. The Portfolio's dividends other than those the Portfolio so reports as capital gain dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, or interest-related dividends generally will be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate (or lower applicable treaty rate).
The U.S. Treasury and IRS generally require the Portfolio to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each shareholder under Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a foreign government.
Cost Basis Reporting. U.S. Treasury regulations mandate cost basis reporting to shareholders and the IRS for redemptions of the Portfolio shares. With respect to shares acquired and held directly through the Portfolio and not through a financial intermediary, the Portfolio will use a default average cost basis methodology for tracking and reporting cost basis on the Portfolio shares, unless another cost basis reporting methodology is requested in writing.
Item 12. Distribution Arrangements
Shares of the Portfolio are being offered primarily to Lending Funds in connection with the State Street Securities Lending Program. However, from time to time, on a case-by-case basis, State Street may offer shares of the Portfolio to institutional investors that participate in Third-Party Securities Lending Program(s) administered by a third-party lending agent. Shares of the Portfolio are sold in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offeringwithin the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. Shares of the Trust are sold directly by the Trust without a distributor and are not subject to a sales load or redemption fee. Assets of the Portfolio are not subject to fees permitted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
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PART A
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio I
April 30, 2023
Because the State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust (the Trust) is only registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), responses to Items 1, 2, 3, 4 and 13 of Form N-1A have been omitted. Item 8 is omitted because it is not applicable.
Introduction
The Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on June 15, 1995.
The Trust issues beneficial interests of its series solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offering within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act). This Registration Statement does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any security within the meaning of the 1933 Act.
State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street) has established a securities lending program for its clients (the State Street Securities Lending Program). Each client that participates in the State Street Securities Lending Program as a lender (each, a Client Lending Fundand collectively, the Client Lending Funds) enters into a securities lending authorization agreement with State Street. Under such agreement, State Street is authorized to invest the cash collateral securing loans of securities of each Client Lending Fund in a variety of investments, as consistent with applicable law. Shares of the Trust are offered primarily to, and held by, the Client Lending Funds in the State Street Securities Lending Program, and may, on a case-by-case basis, be offered to and held by institutional investors that participate in a third-party lending agent program (Third-Party Lending Fundsand Third-Party Securities Lending Program(s)). The Client Lending Funds and the Third-Party Lending Funds are sometimes referred to herein collectively as the Lending Funds; the State Street Securities Lending Program and the Third-Party Securities Lending Program are sometimes referred to herein collectively as the Securities Lending Program.
Shares of the Portfolio are available to be purchased only by authorized clients of the Securities Lending Program that are advised by Diamond Hill Investment Partners LP or its affiliates.
Item 5. Management
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (SSGA FMor the Adviser) serves as the investment adviser to State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio I (Portfolio Ior the Portfolio), a series of the Trust. 
The professionals primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio are Todd Bean and Sean Lussier, each of which has served as a portfolio manager of the Portfolio since organization in 2018.
Todd Bean, CFA, is a Vice President of the Adviser and Head of U.S. Traditional Cash Strategies in the Global Fixed Income, Cash and Currency Team. He joined the Adviser in 2002.
Sean Lussier is a Vice President of the Adviser and a Senior Portfolio Manager in the Global Fixed Income, Cash and Currency Team. He joined the Adviser in 2004.
Item 6. Purchase and Sale of Portfolio Shares
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment amount for the Portfolio.
Shares are offered solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offeringwithin the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act.
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Shares of Portfolio I are only offered to, and may only be held by, the Lending Funds in the Securities Lending Program. Shares of Portfolio I are available for purchase each day on which the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Federal Reserve banks and State Street are open for business (a Business Day). Purchases are effected on behalf of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Lending Fund. All shares of Portfolio I are purchased at the net asset value (NAV) per share of the Portfolio next determined after the purchase is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent and determined to be in good order. Redemptions are effected on behalf of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Client Lending Fund.
Shares of Portfolio I may be redeemed on each Business Day at the NAV per share of the Portfolio next determined after the redemption is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent. Portfolio I observes the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Under normal circumstances, the Portfolio expects to meet redemption requests by using cash or cash equivalents in its portfolio and/or selling portfolio assets to generate cash. The Portfolio also may pay redemption proceeds using cash obtained through borrowing arrangements that may be available from time to time.
Item 7. Tax Information
The Portfolio intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income.
Item 9. Investment Objective, Principal Investment Strategies, Related Risks, and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The investment objective, principal strategies, risks and portfolio holdings disclosure policy of Portfolio I are described below. The investment objective of Portfolio I may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board) upon at least sixty (60) days' prior written notice to shareholders of the Portfolio. The Board may change the Portfolio's investment strategies and other policies without shareholder approval, except as otherwise indicated. See the Part B of the Registration Statement (Part B) for a description of certain fundamental investment restrictions for the Portfolio. The Portfolio's investment adviser is SSGA FM, a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc.
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State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio I
Investment Objective
The Portfolio seeks current yield to the extent consistent with maintaining liquidity and the preservation of principal while providing a market rate of return.
Principal Investment Strategies
Portfolio I is not a money market fund and it will not seek to use the amortized cost method of valuation, which may be used by certain money market funds, to seek to maintain a stable NAV per share. Portfolio I is not subject to the investment and other requirements that apply to money market funds and it may invest in a manner that is inconsistent with the rules governing money market funds. For example, Portfolio I will not be limited by the credit quality, maturity, liquidity, diversification, or other requirements imposed on money market funds. The investment return and principal value of an investment in Portfolio I will fluctuate and a shareholder's shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Investments in Portfolio I are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. government or State Street.
The Portfolio's investments include, among other things, fixed and floating rate securities of varying maturities, including but not limited to (i) corporate obligations (including commercial paper of U.S. and foreign entities, master notes, and medium term notes); (ii) U.S. government securities (including U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds and other securities issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities); (iii) mortgage-backed and other asset backed securities; (iv) money market instruments (including certificates of deposits and time deposits of U.S. and foreign banks (including European Certificates of Deposit (ECDs), European Time Deposits (ETDs) and Yankee Certificates of Deposit (YCDs), and banker acceptances); and (v) repurchase agreements.
Portfolio I seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in a diversified portfolio of U.S. dollar denominated, investment grade fixed income securities. The Portfolio invests only in U.S. dollar-denominated, short-term, high quality debt obligations (generally, securities that have remaining maturities of 397 calendar days or less and either have been rated A-1 or A-2 by Standard & Poor's, P-1 or P-2 by Moody's, F1 or F2 by Fitch, or are considered by the Adviser to be of comparable quality). If a security is downgraded and is no longer investment grade, the Portfolio may continue to hold the security if the Adviser determines that to be in the best interest of the Portfolio. Under normal circumstances, the weighted average maturity (WAM) of the Portfolio is expected to be sixty (60) days or less, and the weighted average life (WAL) of the Portfolio is expected to be one hundred and twenty (120) days or less. The Portfolio will not purchase any security with a remaining maturity that exceeds three hundred and ninety seven (397) days. For purposes of this restriction and for purposes of determining the Portfolio's WAM or WAL, a security's final maturity date will be used, unless the security is a floating rate or variable rate security in which case the security may be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment of its interest rate, or, if it is a government security or short-term floating rate security, one day. Securities with demand features may be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the principal amount can be recovered through demand. The Portfolio may purchase securities on a forward commitment basis.
Under normal circumstances, Portfolio I will be invested in assets that are intended to provide a market rate of return while providing liquidity and quality suitable to its investment objective, although Portfolio I may seek investments of additional liquidity and safety during times of market stress. The Portfolio may invest in both fixed rate of return and floating rate of return instruments. Portfolio I will only invest in floating rate instruments if the instrument's interest rate is tied to a publicly available index or other measure, such as the London-Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (SOFR), the federal funds rate, Prime interest rates, and Treasury bill yields. Portfolio I may invest up to 15% of the Portfolio's net assets in illiquid investments (i.e., investments that the Portfolio reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment).
From time to time, the Portfolio may take temporary defensive positions in an attempt to respond to adverse market, economic or other conditions. This may include holding uninvested cash. These temporary defensive actions may be a departure from Portfolio I's other investment strategies and the Portfolio may not achieve its investment objective while taking such defensive positions.
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The Adviser buys and sells securities for the Portfolio based on its analysis of credit quality and the Portfolio's overall WAM and WAL. The Adviser follows a disciplined investment process, basing its investment decisions on the relative attractiveness of different instruments. Among other things, the Adviser conducts its own credit analyses of potential investments and portfolio holdings, and relies substantially on a dedicated short-term credit research team. In the Adviser's opinion the attractiveness of an instrument may vary depending on a variety of factors, including for example the general level of interest rates, imbalances of supply and demand in the market, and the credit quality of the obligors. The Portfolio principally invests in bonds,which include debt securities and fixed income and income-producing instruments of any kind issued by governmental or private-sector entities. Most bonds consist of a security or instrument having one or more of the following characteristics: a fixed-income security, a security issued at a discount to its face value, a security that pays interest, whether fixed, floating or variable, or a security with a stated principal amount that requires repayment of some or all of that principal amount to the holder of the security. The Adviser interprets the term bond broadly as an instrument or security evidencing what is commonly referred to as an IOU rather than evidencing the corporate ownership of equity unless that equity represents an indirect or derivative interest in one or more debt securities. The Portfolio may invest in stripped securities, which are U.S. Treasury bonds and notes, the unmatured interest coupons of which have been separated from the underlying obligation. Stripped securities are zero coupon obligations that are normally issued at a discount from their face value. The Portfolio may invest no more than 25% of its assets in stripped securities that have been stripped by their holder, which is typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm.
Portfolio I is used exclusively for the investment of cash received as collateral for securities loans. Accordingly, Portfolio I may experience significant redemptions in response to declines in the value of securities on loan or the quantity of loans outstanding from time to time. If the Portfolio is required to sell securities to meet significant redemptions during a period of market disruption, the Portfolio may experience losses. The rate of income of Portfolio I will vary from day-to-day, depending on short-term interest rates.
Principal Risks of Investing in Portfolio I
The Portfolio is subject to the following principal risks. You could lose money by investing in the Portfolio. Certain risks relating to instruments and strategies used in the management of the Portfolio are placed first. The significance of any specific risk to an investment in the Portfolio will vary over time, depending on the composition of the Portfolio's portfolio, market conditions, and other factors. You should read all of the risk information presented below carefully, because any one or more of these risks may result in losses to the Portfolio. Because the share price of the Portfolio will fluctuate, when you sell your shares, they may be worth more or less than what you originally paid for them. An investment in Portfolio I is subject to investment risks, including possible loss of principal, is not a deposit in State Street or any other bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the FDIC) or any other governmental agency. The Portfolio may not achieve its investment objective. Investors should consult their own advisers as to the role of the Portfolio in their overall investment programs.
Market Risk. Market prices of investments held by the Portfolio will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. The Portfolio's investments are subject to changes in general economic conditions, general market fluctuations and the risks inherent in investment in securities markets. Investment markets can be volatile, and prices of investments can change substantially due to various factors, including, but not limited to, economic growth or recession, changes in interest rates, inflation, changes in actual or perceived creditworthiness of issuers and general market liquidity. Even if general economic conditions do not change, the value of an investment in the Portfolio could decline if the particular industries, sectors or companies in which the Portfolio invests do not perform well or are adversely affected by events. Further, legal, political, regulatory and tax changes also may cause fluctuations in markets and securities prices. Local, regional or global events such as war, military conflicts, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have a significant impact on the Portfolio and its investments.
The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in major disruptions to economies and markets around the world, including the United States. Although vaccines have been developed and approved for use by various governments, the duration of the pandemic and its effects cannot be predicted with certainty. COVID-19, and efforts to contain its spread, have contributed to, and may continue to contribute to, market volatility, inflation, reduced liquidity of certain instruments, supply chain disruptions, and systemic economic weakness, and trading in many instruments was and may continue to be disrupted as a result. In response, governments and central banks, including the Federal Reserve in the United States,
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have taken extraordinary and unprecedented actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets. The impact of these measures, and whether they will be effective to mitigate the economic and market disruption, will not be known for some time. The foregoing could impact the Portfolio and its investments and result in disruptions to the services provided to the Portfolio by its service providers.
Additionally, in March 2023, the shut‐down of certain financial institutions raised economic concerns over disruption in the U.S. banking system.  There can be no certainty that the actions taken by the U.S. government to strengthen public confidence in the U.S. banking system will be effective in mitigating the effects of financial institution failures on the economy and restoring public confidence in the U.S. banking system. 
Debt Securities Risk. The values of debt securities may increase or decrease as a result of the following: market fluctuations, changes in interest rates, actual or perceived inability or unwillingness of issuers, guarantors or liquidity providers to make scheduled principal or interest payments or illiquidity in debt securities markets. To the extent that interest rates rise, certain underlying obligations may be paid off substantially slower than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply. A rising interest rate environment may cause the value of the Portfolio's fixed income securities to decrease, an adverse impact on the liquidity of the Portfolio's fixed income securities, and increased volatility of the fixed income markets. During periods when interest rates are at low levels, the Portfolio's yield can be low, and the Portfolio may have a negative yield (i.e., it may lose money on an operating basis). To the extent that interest rates fall, certain underlying obligations may be paid off substantially faster than originally anticipated. If the principal on a debt obligation is prepaid before expected, the prepayments of principal may have to be reinvested in obligations paying interest at lower rates. During periods of falling interest rates, the income received by the Portfolio may decline. Changes in interest rates will likely have a greater effect on the values of debt securities of longer durations. Returns on investments in debt securities could trail the returns on other investment options, including investments in equity securities. The U.S. Federal Reserve has been engaged in an aggressive campaign to raise interest rates in an effort to combat historically high levels of inflation. Interest rate increases may continue. High levels of inflation and/or a significantly changing interest rate environment can lead to heightened levels of volatility and reduced liquidity.
In general, bond prices fall when interest rates rise. During periods of rising interest rates, a fund's yield generally is lower than prevailing market rates. In periods of falling interest rates, a fund's yield generally is higher than prevailing market rates. Typically, the more distant the expected cash flow that a fund is to receive from a security, the more sensitive the market value of the security is to movements in interest rates. If a fund owns securities that have variable or floating interest rates, as interest rates fall, the income a fund receives from those securities also will fall. Rising interest rates could have unpredictable effects on the markets and may expose fixed income and related markets to heightened volatility.
Adverse market or economic conditions or investor perceptions may result in little or no trading activity in one or more particular securities, thus making it difficult to determine their values. A fund holding those securities may have to value them at prices that reflect unrealized losses, or, if it elects to sell them, it may have to accept lower prices than the prices at which it is then valuing them. A fund also may not be able to sell the securities at any price. For certain fixed income securities, an increase in interest rates may lead to increased redemptions and increased portfolio turnover, which could reduce liquidity for certain portfolio investments, adversely affect values, and increase a fund's costs. If dealer capacity in fixed income markets is insufficient for market conditions, liquidity may be further inhibited and volatility may increase.
Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper and Rule 144A Securities Risk. The Portfolio may invest in commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. This commercial paper is commonly called Section 4(a)(2) paper.The Portfolio may also invest in securities that may be offered and sold only to qualified institutional buyersunder Rule 144A of the 1933 Act (Rule 144A securities).
Section 4(a)(2) paper is sold to institutional investors who must agree to purchase the paper for investment and not with a view to public distribution. Any resale by the purchaser must be in a transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act. Section 4(a)(2) paper normally is resold to other institutional investors like the Portfolio through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers that make a market in Section 4(a)(2) paper. As a result, it suffers from liquidity risk, the risk that the securities may be difficult to value because of the absence of an active market and the risk that it may be sold only after considerable expense and delay, if at all. Rule 144A securities generally must be sold only to other qualified institutional buyers.
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Section 4(a)(2) paper and Rule 144A securities will not be considered illiquid for purposes of the Portfolio's limitation on illiquid securities if the Adviser (pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board) determines that a liquid trading market exists for the securities in question. There can be no assurance that a liquid trading market will exist at any time for any particular Section 4(a)(2) paper or Rule 144A securities.
Repurchase Agreement Risk. A repurchase agreement is an agreement to buy a security from a seller at one price and a simultaneous agreement to sell it back to the original seller at an agreed-upon price, typically representing the purchase price plus interest. Repurchase agreements may be viewed as loans made by the Portfolio which are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. The Portfolio's investment return on such transactions will depend on the counterparty's willingness and ability to perform its obligations under a repurchase agreement. If the Portfolio's counterparty should default on its obligations and the Portfolio is delayed or prevented from recovering the collateral, or if the value of the collateral is insufficient, the Portfolio may realize a loss.
Banking Companies Risk. The performance of bank stocks may be affected by extensive governmental regulation, which may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments banks can make, the interest rates and fees they can charge, and the amount of capital they must maintain. Profitability is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds, and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers can negatively impact the banking companies. Banks may also be subject to severe price competition. Competition among banking companies is high and failure to maintain or increase market share may result in lost market value.
U.S. Government Securities Risk. U.S. government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds and mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency's obligations; and still others are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality, or enterprise. Although U.S. government-sponsored enterprises such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) may be chartered or sponsored by Congress, they are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their securities are not issued by the U.S. Treasury nor supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. There is no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies and instrumentalities if not required to do so. In addition, certain governmental entities have been subject to regulatory scrutiny regarding their accounting policies and practices and other concerns that may result in legislation, changes in regulatory oversight and/or other consequences that could adversely affect the credit quality, availability, or investment character of securities issued by these entities. The value and liquidity of U.S. government securities may be affected adversely by changes in the ratings of those securities. Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury historically have been considered to present minimal credit risk. The downgrade in the long-term U.S. credit rating by at least one major rating agency has introduced greater uncertainty about the ability of the U.S. to repay its obligations. A further credit rating downgrade or a U.S. credit default could decrease the value and increase the volatility of the Portfolio's investments.
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Investments in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are subject to the risk of significant credit downgrades, illiquidity, and defaults to a greater extent than many other types of fixed income investments. The liquidity of mortgage-related and asset-backed securities may change over time. Mortgage-related securities represent a participation in, or are secured by, mortgage loans. Other asset-backed securities are typically structured like mortgage-related securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include, for example, items such as motor vehicle installment sales or installment loan contracts, leases on various types of real and personal property, and receivables from credit card agreements. During periods of falling interest rates, mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, which typically provide the issuer with the right to prepay the security prior to maturity, may be prepaid, which may result in the Portfolio having to reinvest the proceeds in other investments at lower interest rates. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may extend because of slower-than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below market interest rate, increase the security's duration and interest rate sensitivity, and reduce the value of the security. As a result, mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other debt securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market values during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayment rates are difficult to predict and the potential impact of prepayments on the value of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed security depends on the terms of the instrument and can result in significant volatility. The price of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed security also depends on the credit quality and adequacy of the underlying assets or collateral.
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Mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities issued by non-governmental issuers (such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers) will generally entail greater credit risk than obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government. Defaults on the underlying assets, if any, may impair the value of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed security. For some asset-backed securities in which the Portfolio invests, such as those backed by credit card receivables, the underlying cash flows may not be supported by a security interest in a related asset. Moreover, the values of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools, and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence or malfeasance by their servicers and to the credit risk of their servicers. In certain situations, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of securities holders in and to the underlying collateral. There may be legal and practical limitations on the enforceability of any security interest granted with respect to underlying assets, or the value of the underlying assets, if any, may be insufficient if the issuer defaults.
In a forward rolltransaction, a Portfolio will sell a mortgage-related security to a bank or other permitted entity and simultaneously agree to purchase a similar security from the institution at a later date at an agreed upon price. The mortgage securities that are purchased will bear the same interest rate as those sold, but generally will be collateralized by different pools of mortgages with different prepayment histories than those sold. The values of such transactions will be affected by many of the same factors that affect the values of mortgage-related securities generally. In addition, forward roll transactions may have the effect of creating investment leverage in a Portfolio.
Call/Prepayment Risk. Call/prepayment risk is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Portfolio earlier than expected or required. This may occur, for example, when there is a decline in interest rates, and an issuer of bonds or preferred stock redeems the bonds or stock in order to replace them with obligations on which it is required to pay a lower interest or dividend rate. It may also occur when there is an unanticipated increase in the rate at which mortgages or other receivables underlying mortgage- or asset-backed securities held by the Portfolio are prepaid. In any such case, the Portfolio may be forced to invest the prepaid amounts in lower-yielding investments, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio's income.
Counterparty Risk. The Portfolio will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties with which the Portfolio enters into repurchase agreements and other transactions. If a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, the Portfolio may be unable to terminate the transaction, and it may be delayed or prevented from realizing on any collateral in the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding relating to the counterparty.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer, guarantor or liquidity provider of a fixed-income security held by the Portfolio may be unable or unwilling, or may be perceived (whether by market participants, ratings agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. It includes the risk that the security will be downgraded by a credit rating agency; generally, lower credit quality issuers present higher credit risks. An actual or perceived decline in creditworthiness of an issuer of a fixed-income security held by the Portfolio may result in a decrease in the value of the security. It is possible that the ability of an issuer to meet its obligations will decline substantially during the period when the Portfolio owns securities of the issuer or that the issuer will default on its obligations or that the obligations of the issuer will be limited or restructured.
The credit rating assigned to any particular investment does not necessarily reflect the issuer's current financial condition and does not reflect an assessment of an investment's volatility or liquidity. Securities rated in the lowest category of investment-grade are considered to have speculative characteristics. If a security held by the Portfolio loses its rating or its rating is downgraded, the Portfolio may nonetheless continue to hold the security in the discretion of the Adviser. In the case of asset-backed or mortgage-related securities, changes in the actual or perceived ability of the obligors on the underlying assets or mortgages to make payments of interest and/or principal may affect the values of those securities.
Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit, Eurodollar Time Deposits and Yankee Certificates of Deposit Risk. The Portfolio may invest in ECDs, ETDs and YCDs. ECDs and ETDs are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits, respectively, issued by foreign branches of domestic banks and foreign banks. YCDs are U.S. dollar denominated certificates of deposit issued by U.S. branches of foreign banks.
Different risks than those associated with the obligations of domestic banks may exist for ECDs, ETDs and YCDs because the banks issuing these instruments, or their domestic or foreign branches, are not necessarily subject to the same regulatory requirements that apply to domestic banks, such as loan limitations, examinations and reserve, accounting, audit
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ing, recordkeeping and public reporting requirements. Obligations of foreign issuers also involve risks such as future unfavorable political and economic developments, withholding or other tax, seizures of foreign deposits, currency controls, interest limitations, and other governmental restrictions that might affect repayment of principal or payment of interest, or the ability to honor a credit commitment.
Extension Risk. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended because of slower-than-expected principal payments. This may increase the period of time during which an investment earns a below-market interest rate, increase the security's duration and reduce the value of the security. Extension risk may be heightened during periods of adverse economic conditions generally, as payment rates decline due to higher unemployment levels and other factors.
Financial Institutions Risk. Some instruments are issued or guaranteed by financial institutions, such as banks and brokers, or are collateralized by securities issued or guaranteed by financial institutions. Changes in the creditworthiness of any of these institutions may adversely affect the values of instruments of issuers in financial industries. Financial institutions may be particularly sensitive to certain economic factors such as interest rate changes, adverse developments in the real estate market, fiscal and monetary policy and general economic cycles. Adverse developments in banking and other financial industries may cause the Portfolio to underperform relative to other funds that invest more broadly across different industries or have a smaller exposure to financial institutions. In March 2023, the shut‐down of certain financial institutions raised economic concerns over disruption in the U.S. banking system. There can be no certainty that the actions taken by the U.S. government to strengthen public confidence in the U.S. banking system will be effective in mitigating the effects of financial institution failures on the economy and restoring public confidence in the U.S. banking system. Other adverse developments that affect financial institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, may reduce liquidity in the market generally or have other adverse effects on the economy or the Fund. In addition, the Fund may not be able to identify all potential solvency or stress concerns with respect to a financial institution or to transfer assets from one bank or financial institution to another in a timely manner in the event such bank or financial institution comes under stress or fails. Changes in governmental regulation and oversight of financial institutions may have an adverse effect on the financial condition or the earnings or operations of a financial institution and on the types and amounts of businesses in which a financial institution may engage. An investor may be delayed or prevented from exercising certain remedies against a financial institution. The amount of the Portfolio's assets that may be invested in any financial institution, or financial institutions generally, may be limited by applicable law.
Forward Commitments Risk. The Portfolio may enter into contracts to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time (forward commitments), consistent with the Portfolio's ability to manage its investment portfolio and meet redemption requests. Forward commitments may be considered securities in themselves, and involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in the value of the Portfolio's other assets. Where such purchases are made through dealers, the Portfolio relies on the dealer to consummate the sale. The dealer's failure to do so may result in the loss to the Portfolio of an advantageous yield or price.
Although the Portfolio will generally enter into forward commitments with the intention of acquiring securities for its portfolio or for delivery pursuant to options contracts it has entered into, the Portfolio may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if the Adviser deems it appropriate to do so. The Portfolio may realize short-term profits or losses upon the sale of forward commitments. When effecting such transactions, cash or other liquid assets (such as liquid high quality debt obligations) held by the Portfolio of a dollar amount sufficient to make payment for the portfolio securities to be purchased will be segregated on the Portfolio's records at the trade date and maintained until the transaction is settled. Such segregated assets will be marked to market on a daily basis, and if the market value of such assets declines, additional cash or assets will be segregated so that the market value of the segregated assets will equal the amount of such the Portfolio's obligations. Forward commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, or if the other party fails to complete the transaction.
Illiquid Securities Risk. The Portfolio will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments  (i.e., investments that the Portfolio reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment), including repurchase agreements and time deposits of more than seven days' duration. The absence of a regular trading market for illiquid securities imposes additional risks on investments in these securities. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value and may often be disposed of only after considerable expense and delay.
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Income Risk. The Portfolio's income may decline due to falling interest rates or other factors. Issuers of securities held by the Portfolio may call or redeem the securities during periods of falling interest rates, and the Portfolio would likely be required to reinvest in securities paying lower interest rates. If an obligation held by the Portfolio is prepaid, the Portfolio may have to reinvest the prepayment in other obligations paying income at lower rates. A reduction in the income earned by the Portfolio may limit the Portfolio's ability to achieve its objective.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that the securities held by the Portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. Debt securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than debt securities with shorter durations. For example, the value of a security with a duration of five years would be expected to decrease by 5% for every 1% increase in interest rates. Falling interest rates also create the potential for a decline in the Portfolio's income and yield. Interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments. Variable and floating rate securities also generally increase or decrease in value in response to changes in interest rates, although generally to a lesser degree than fixed-rate securities. A substantial increase in interest rates may also have an adverse impact on the liquidity of a security, especially those with longer durations. Changes in governmental policy, including changes in central bank monetary policy, could cause interest rates to rise rapidly, or cause investors to expect a rapid rise in interest rates. This could lead to heightened levels of interest rate, volatility and liquidity risks for the fixed income markets generally and could have a substantial and immediate effect on the values of the Portfolio's investments. The U.S. Federal Reserve has been engaged in an aggressive campaign to raise interest rates in an effort to combat historically high levels of inflation. Interest rate increases may continue. High levels of inflation and/or a significantly changing interest rate environment can lead to heightened levels of volatility and reduced liquidity.
Large Shareholder Risk. To the extent a large proportion of the interests of the Portfolio are highly concentrated or held by a small number of shareholders (or a single shareholder), including funds or accounts over which the Adviser has investment discretion, the Portfolio is subject to the risk that these shareholders will purchase or redeem Portfolio interests in large amounts rapidly or unexpectedly, including as a result of an asset allocation decision made by the Adviser. These transactions could adversely affect the ability of the Portfolio to conduct its investment program. For example, they could require the Portfolio to sell portfolio securities or purchase portfolio securities unexpectedly and incur substantial transaction costs and/or accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or gains to shareholders, or the Portfolio may be required to sell its more liquid portfolio investments to meet a large redemption, in which case the Portfolio's remaining assets may be less liquid, more volatile, and more difficult to price. The Portfolio may hold a relatively large proportion of its assets in cash in anticipation of large redemptions, diluting its investment returns.
LIBOR Risk. The Portfolio's payment obligations, financing terms and investments in certain instruments (including debt securities and derivatives) may rely in some fashion upon the London-Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). LIBOR is an average interest rate, determined by the ICE Benchmark Administration (IBA,the administrator of LIBOR) (IBA), that banks offer to charge one another for the use of short-term money. In 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced its intention to cease compelling banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR after 2021. IBA ceased publication of most LIBOR settings on a representative basis at the end of 2021 and is expected to cease publication of a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on a representative basis after June 30, 2023. In addition, global regulators have announced that, with limited exceptions, no new LIBOR-based contracts should be entered into after 2021. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies. Various financial industry groups have been planning for the transition away from LIBOR and markets are developing in response to these new rates, but questions around the liquidity of the new rates and how to appropriately adjust these rates to eliminate any economic value transfer at the time of transition remain a significant concern. The transition away from and elimination of LIBOR may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that rely on LIBOR, particularly insofar as the documentation governing such instruments does not include fall backprovisions addressing the transition from LIBOR. Uncertainty and volatility arising from the transition may result in a reduction in the value of certain LIBOR-based instruments held by the Portfolio or reduce the effectiveness of related transactions such as hedges. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to the Portfolio.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the risk that the Portfolio may not be able to dispose of investments or close out transactions readily at a favorable time or prices (or at all) or at prices approximating those at which the Portfolio currently values them. For example, certain investments may be subject to restrictions on resale, may trade in the over-the-counter
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market or in limited volume, or may not have an active trading market. Illiquid investments may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments and may be subject to wide fluctuations in market value. It may be difficult for the Portfolio to value illiquid investments accurately. The market for certain investments may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. Disposal of illiquid investments may entail registration expenses and other transaction costs that are higher than those for liquid investments. The Portfolio may seek to borrow money to meet its obligations (including among other things redemption obligations) if it is unable to dispose of illiquid investments, resulting in borrowing expenses and possible leveraging of the Portfolio. In some cases, due to unanticipated levels of illiquidity the Portfolio may choose to meet its redemption obligations wholly or in part by distributions of assets in-kind.
The term illiquid investments for this purpose means securities that the Portfolio reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the securities. If the Portfolio determines at any time that it owns illiquid investments in excess of 15% of its net assets, it will cease to undertake new commitments to acquire illiquid investments until its holdings are no longer in excess of 15% of its NAV, report the occurrence in compliance with Rule 30b1-10 under the 1940 Act and, depending on circumstances, may take additional steps to reduce its holdings of illiquid investments. The SEC has recently proposed rule amendments that, if adopted as proposed, could result in a larger percentage of the Portfolio's investments being classified as illiquid investments.
Low Short-Term Interest Rate Risk. During market conditions in which short-term interest rates are at low levels the Portfolio's yield can be very low. During these conditions, it is possible that the Portfolio will generate an insufficient amount of income to pay its expenses, and that it will not be able to pay a daily dividend and may have a negative yield (i.e., it may lose money on an operating basis). It is possible that the Portfolio would, during these conditions, maintain a substantial portion of its assets in cash, on which it may earn little, if any, income.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk. The Portfolio is subject to the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, pandemics and epidemics, and systemic market dislocations may be highly disruptive to economies and markets. Those events, as well as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions, also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Portfolio's investments. Given the increasing interdependence among global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region might adversely affect markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. Any partial or complete dissolution of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union, or any increased uncertainty as to its status, could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Portfolio's investments. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) formally withdrew from the European Union (EU) (commonly known as Brexit). An agreement between the UK and the EU governing their future trade relationship became effective January 1, 2021, but critical aspects of the relationship remain unresolved and subject to further negotiation and agreement. There is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences associated with the exit, including whether the U.K.'s exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU. Brexit may have a significant impact on the U.K., Europe, and global economies, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, new legal and regulatory uncertainties and potentially lower economic growth for these economies that could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of the Portfolio's investments. Securities and financial markets may be susceptible to market manipulation or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the values of investments traded in these markets, including investments held by the Portfolio. To the extent the Portfolio has focused its investments in the market or index of a particular region, adverse geopolitical and other events could have a disproportionate impact on the Portfolio.
Market Volatility; Government Intervention Risk. Market dislocations and other external events, such as the failures or near failures of significant financial institutions, dislocations in investment or currency markets, corporate or governmental defaults or credit downgrades, or poor collateral performance, may subject the Portfolio to significant risk of substantial volatility and loss. Governmental and regulatory authorities have taken, and may in the future take, actions to provide or arrange credit supports to financial institutions whose operations have been compromised by credit market dislocations and to restore liquidity and stability to financial systems in their jurisdictions; the implementation of such governmental interventions and their impact on both the markets generally and the Portfolio's investment program in particular can be uncertain. Governmental and non-governmental issuers may default on, or be forced to restructure, their debts,
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and other issuers may face difficulties obtaining credit. Defaults or restructurings by governments or others of their debts could have substantial adverse effects on economies, financial markets, and asset valuations around the world. Federal Reserve or other U.S. or non-U.S. governmental or central bank actions, including interest rate increases or contrary actions by different governments, or investor perception that these efforts are not succeeding, could negatively affect financial markets generally as well as the values and liquidity of certain securities.
Non-U.S. Securities Risk. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers (including depositary receipts) entail risks not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers. Similar risks may apply to securities traded on a U.S. securities exchange that are issued by entities with significant exposure to non-U.S. countries. In certain countries, legal remedies available to investors may be more limited than those available with regard to U.S. investments. Income and gains with respect to investments in certain countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. entity than about a U.S. entity, and many non-U.S. entities are not subject to accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards, regulatory framework and practices comparable to those in the United States. The securities of some non-U.S. entities are less liquid and at times more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. entities, and could become subject to sanctions or embargoes that adversely affect the Portfolio's investment. Non-U.S. transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions and custody costs may be higher than in the U.S. In addition, there may be a possibility of nationalization or expropriation of assets, imposition of currency exchange controls, confiscatory taxation, and diplomatic developments that could adversely affect the values of the Portfolio's investments in certain non-U.S. countries. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers also are subject to foreign political and economic risk not associated with U.S. investments, meaning that political events (civil unrest, national elections, changes in political conditions and foreign relations, imposition of exchange controls and repatriation restrictions), social and economic events (labor strikes, rising inflation) and natural disasters occurring in a country where the Portfolio invests could cause the Portfolio's investments to experience gains or losses.
Rapid Changes in Interest Rates. The values of instruments held by the Portfolio may be adversely affected by rapid changes in interest rates. Rapid changes in interest rates may cause significant requests to redeem Portfolio Shares, and possibly cause the Portfolio to sell portfolio securities at a loss to satisfy those requests.
Reinvestment Risk. Income from the Portfolio may decline when the Portfolio invests the proceeds from investment income, sales of portfolio securities or matured, traded or called debt obligations. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, an issuer of debt obligations may exercise an option to redeem securities prior to maturity, forcing the Portfolio to reinvest the proceeds in lower-yielding securities. A decline in income received by the Portfolio from its investments is likely to have a negative effect on the yield and total return of the Portfolio Shares.
Stripped Securities Risk. The Portfolio may invest in stripped securities, which are U.S. Treasury bonds and notes, the unmatured interest coupons of which have been separated from the underlying obligation. Stripped securities are zero coupon obligations that are normally issued at a discount from their face value. The Portfolio may invest no more than 25% of its assets in stripped securities that have been stripped by their holder, which is typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. A number of securities firms and banks have stripped the interest coupons and resold them in custodian receipt programs with different names. In meeting its responsibility to determine whether it is the beneficial holder of the U.S. government securities underlying such certificates, the Trust intends to rely on the opinions of counsel to the sellers of these certificates or other evidences of ownership of U.S. Treasury obligations that, for U.S. federal income tax and securities law purposes, purchasers of such certificates most likely will be deemed the beneficial holders of the underlying U.S. government securities. The Trust is unaware of any binding legislative, judicial or administrative authority on this issue. Privately-issued stripped securities are not themselves guaranteed by the U.S. government, but the future payment of principal or interest on the U.S. Treasury obligations which they represent is so guaranteed.
Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk. Variable or floating rate securities are debt securities with variable or floating interest rates payments. Variable or floating rate securities bear rates of interest that are adjusted periodically according to formulae intended generally to reflect market rates of interest and allow the Portfolio to participate (determined in accordance with the terms of the securities) in increases in interest rates through upward adjustments of the coupon rates on the securities. However, during periods of increasing interest rates, changes in the coupon rates may lag behind the changes in market rates or may have limits on the maximum increases in coupon rates. Alternatively, during periods of declining interest rates, the coupon rates on such securities will typically readjust downward resulting in a lower yield.
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Zero-Coupon Bond Risk. Zero-coupon bonds are debt obligations that are generally issued at a discount and payable in full at maturity, and that do not provide for current payments of interest prior to maturity. Zero-coupon bonds usually trade at a deep discount from their face or par values and are subject to greater market value fluctuations from changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities that make current distributions of interest. When interest rates rise, the values of zero-coupon bonds fall more rapidly than securities paying interest on a current basis, because the Portfolio is unable to reinvest interest payments at the higher rates.
Additional Information About Non-Principal Investment Strategies and Risks
The investments described below reflect the Portfolio's current practices. In addition to the principal risks described above, other risks are described in some of the descriptions of the investments below:
Conflicts of Interest Risk. An investment in the Portfolio will be subject to a number of actual or potential conflicts of interest. For example, the Adviser or its affiliates may provide services to the Portfolio, such as custodial, administrative, bookkeeping, and accounting services, transfer agency and investor servicing, securities brokerage services, and other services for which the Portfolio would compensate the Adviser and/or such affiliates. The Portfolio may invest in other pooled investment vehicles sponsored, managed, or otherwise affiliated with the Adviser. There is no assurance that the rates at which the Portfolio pays fees or expenses to the Adviser or its affiliates, or the terms on which it enters into transactions with the Adviser or its affiliates will be the most favorable available in the market generally or as favorable as the rates the Adviser or its affiliates make available to other clients. Because of its financial interest, the Adviser will have an incentive to enter into transactions or arrangements on behalf of the Portfolio with itself or its affiliates in circumstances where it might not have done so in the absence of that interest, provided that the Adviser will comply with applicable regulatory requirements.
The Adviser and its affiliates serve as investment adviser to other clients and may make investment decisions that may be different from those that will be made by the Adviser on behalf of the Portfolio. For example, the Adviser may provide asset allocation advice to some clients that may include a recommendation to invest in or redeem from particular issuers while not providing that same recommendation to all clients invested in the same or similar issuers. The Adviser may (subject to applicable law) be simultaneously seeking to purchase (or sell) investments for the Portfolio and to sell (or purchase) the same investment for accounts, funds, or structured products for which it serves as asset manager, or for other clients or affiliates. The Adviser and its affiliates may invest for clients in various securities that are senior, pari passu or junior to, or have interests different from or adverse to, the securities that are owned by the Portfolio. The Adviser or its affiliates, in connection with its other business activities, may acquire material nonpublic confidential information that may restrict the Adviser from purchasing securities or selling securities for itself or its clients (including the Portfolio) or otherwise using such information for the benefit of its clients or itself.
The foregoing does not purport to be a comprehensive list or complete explanation of all potential conflicts of interests which may affect the Portfolio. The Portfolio may encounter circumstances, or enter into transactions, in which conflicts of interest that are not listed or discussed above may arise.
Cybersecurity Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform business and operational functions, funds (such as the Portfolio) and their service providers (including the Adviser) may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. In addition, the global spread of COVID-19 has caused the Portfolio and its service providers to implement business continuity plans, including widespread use of work-from-home arrangements. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Portfolio, the Adviser or a custodian, transfer agent, or other affiliated or third-party service provider may adversely affect the Portfolio or its investors. For instance, cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may interfere with the processing of investor or other transactions, affect the Portfolio's ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private investor information or confidential Portfolio information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject the Portfolio to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may render records of Portfolio assets and transactions, investor ownership of Portfolio Shares, and other data integral to the functioning of the Portfolio inaccessible or inaccurate or incomplete. The Portfolio may also incur substantial costs for cybersecurity risk management in order to prevent cyber incidents in the future. The Portfolio and its investors could be negatively impacted
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as a result. While the Adviser has established business continuity plans and systems designed to minimize the risk of cyber-attacks through the use of technology, processes and controls, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified, given the evolving nature of this threat. The Portfolio relies on third-party service providers for many of its day-to-day operations, and will be subject to the risk that the protections and protocols implemented by those service providers will be ineffective to protect the Portfolio from cyber-attack. The Adviser does not control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by third-party service providers, and such third-party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Adviser or the Portfolio. Similar types of cybersecurity risks or technical malfunctions also are present for issuers of securities in which the Portfolio invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Portfolio's investment in such securities to lose value.
Temporary Defensive Positions. In response to actual or perceived adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, a Portfolio may (but will not necessarily), without notice, depart from its principal investment strategies by temporarily investing for defensive purposes. While investing defensively, the Portfolio may maintain a substantial portion of its assets in cash, on which the Portfolio may earn little if any income. If a Portfolio invests for defensive purposes, it may not achieve its investment objective. In addition, the defensive strategy may not work as intended.
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure
The Portfolio's portfolio holdings disclosure policy is described in the Part B.
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Item 10. Management, Organization and Capital Structure
The Portfolio
The Portfolio is a separate, diversified series of the Trust.
The Adviser
SSGA FM serves as the investment adviser to the Portfolio and, subject to the oversight of the Board, is responsible for the investment management of the Portfolio. The Adviser provides an investment management program for the Portfolio and manages the investment of the Portfolio's assets. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation. The Adviser is registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Adviser and certain other affiliates of State Street Corporation make up SSGA. SSGA is one of the world's largest institutional money managers and the investment management arm of State Street Corporation. As of December 31, 2022, the Adviser managed approximately $804.40 billion in assets and SSGA managed approximately $3.48 trillion in assets. The Adviser's principal business address is One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.
A discussion regarding the Board's consideration of the Portfolio's Investment Advisory Agreement is provided in the Portfolio's Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders for the period ended June 30, 2022.
The Adviser manages the Portfolio using a team of investment professionals. The team approach is used to create an environment that encourages the flow of investment ideas. The portfolio managers within each team work together in a cohesive manner to develop and enhance techniques that drive the investment process for the respective investment strategy. This approach requires portfolio managers to share a variety of responsibilities, including investment strategy and analysis, while retaining responsibility for the implementation of the strategy within any particular portfolio. The approach also enables the team to draw upon the resources of other groups within SSGA. The portfolio management team is overseen by the SSGA Investment Committee.
The professionals primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio are Todd Bean and Sean Lussier.
Todd Bean, CFA, is a Vice President of SSGA and the Adviser and Head of U.S. Traditional Cash Strategies in the Global Fixed Income, Cash and Currency Team. He began his career at State Street Corporation in 1999, joining the firm as an analyst in the firm's custody and accounting area. Following a period on the cash operations staff, Mr. Bean joined the Cash Management Group as a portfolio manager in 2004. He received Bachelor's degrees in Economics and Government from St. Lawrence University and a Master of Science in Finance from Northeastern University. He has earned the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation and is a member of CFA Society Boston, Inc.
Sean Lussier is a Vice President of SSGA and the Adviser and a Senior Portfolio Manager in the North America Cash Management Group within the Global Fixed Income, Cash and Currency Team. He has experience in managing registered taxable and tax-exempt money market funds, as well as U.S. and Canada domiciled separately managed cash and securities lending mandates. He has also been a member of the Global Fixed Income Beta Solutions Group and was responsible for the transition and management of several Canadian passive fixed income strategies. Prior to joining SSGA, Mr. Lussier worked as an account manager at State Street Bank and Trust where his primary responsibilities were the custody and accounting operations of the SSGA money market and securities lending collateral accounts. He holds a Bachelor of Science from Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts.
Additional information about the portfolio managers' compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers' ownership of the Portfolio is available in the Part B.
The Administrator, Sub-Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent
The Adviser serves as administrator of the Portfolio. State Street, a subsidiary of State Street Corporation, serves as sub-administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Portfolio. The Portfolio pays an annual fee that is accrued daily and payable monthly for the administration, sub-administration, custody and transfer agency services SSGA FM and State Street provide. For its role in providing administrative services to the Portfolio, the Adviser receives a portion of such fee paid by the Portfolio at the annual rate of 0.00075%.
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Additional Information
The Trustees of the Trust oversee generally the operations of the Portfolio and the Trust. The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Portfolio's investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent, and accountants, who provide services to the Portfolio. Shareholders are not parties to any such contractual arrangements or intended beneficiaries of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any investor any right to enforce them directly against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them directly against the service providers.
This Part A provides information concerning the Trust and the Portfolio that you should consider in determining whether to purchase interests of the Portfolio. Neither this Part A, nor the related Part B, is intended, or should be read, to be or to give rise to an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Portfolio and any investor, or to give rise to any rights in any investor or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived.
Advisory Fee
As compensation for the Adviser's services to the Portfolio, the Portfolio is obligated to pay a fee of 0.025% of its average daily net assets. The Portfolio's investment adviser, SSGA FM, is contractually obligated until April 30, 2024 (i) to waive up to the full amount of the advisory fee payable by the Portfolio and/or (ii) to reimburse the Portfolio for expenses to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (exclusive of non-recurring account fees and/or extraordinary expenses) exceed 0.042% of average daily net assets on an annual basis. This waiver and/or reimbursement may not be terminated prior to April 30, 2024 except with approval of the Board.
Capital Stock
Shares of the Trust are not registered under the 1933 Act or the securities law of any state and are sold in reliance upon exemptions from registration under such laws. Shares may not be transferred or resold without registration under the 1933 Act, except pursuant to an exemption from registration. However, shares of the Trust may be redeemed on any Business Day in accordance with the terms of the Trust's Master Trust Agreement and the Confidential Offering Memorandum relating to the Portfolio provided to shareholders.
Item 11. Shareholder Information
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment amount for the Portfolio. Shares of Portfolio I are only offered to, and may only be held by, the Client Lending Funds in the State Street Securities Lending Program. Shares of Portfolio I are available for purchase each Business Day. Purchases are effected on behalf of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Client Lending Fund. All shares of Portfolio I are purchased at the NAV per share of the Portfolio next determined after the purchase is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent and determined to be in good order. Shares of Portfolio I may be redeemed on each Business Day at the NAV per share of the Portfolio next determined after the redemption is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent. Redemptions are effected on behalf of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as lending agent for the Client Lending Fund. The Portfolio observes the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
With the exceptions noted below, the Portfolio values its investment portfolio at market value. This generally means that securities listed and traded principally on any national securities exchange are valued on the basis of the last sale price or, lacking any sales, at the closing bid price on the primary exchange on which the security is traded. United States securities traded principally over-the-counter and options are valued on the basis of the last reported bid price.
Because many fixed-income securities do not trade each day, last sale or bid prices are frequently not available. Therefore, fixed-income securities may be valued using prices provided by a pricing service when such prices are determined by the Adviser to reflect the market value of such securities.
International securities traded over the counter are valued on the basis of best bid or official bid, as determined by the relevant securities exchange. In the absence of a last sale or best or official bid price, such securities may be valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service if those prices are believed to reflect the market value of such securities.
The Portfolio calculates its NAV per share to two decimal places. The NAV per share of the Portfolio is determined once
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each Business Day as of 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time on a scheduled trading day on the NYSE, except for Columbus Day and Veterans Day. In unusual circumstances, such as an emergency or an unscheduled close or halt of trading on the NYSE, the time at which share prices are determined may be changed.
If the Portfolio receives a redemption order in good form prior to 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time on a Business Day, the Portfolio typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on that day regardless of the method the Portfolio uses to make such payment. If a redemption order is placed after 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time, the Portfolio typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on the next Business Day. The Portfolio reserves the right to pay for redeemed shares within seven days after receiving a redemption order if, in the judgment of the Adviser, an earlier payment could adversely affect the Portfolio.
The transfer agent may temporarily delay for more than seven days the disbursement of redemption proceeds from the Portfolio account of a Specified Adult(as defined in Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) Rule 2165) based on a reasonable belief that financial exploitation of the Specified Adult has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted, subject to certain conditions.
Under normal circumstances, Portfolio I expects to meet redemption requests by using cash or cash equivalents in its portfolio and/or selling portfolio assets to generate cash. Portfolio I also may pay redemption proceeds using cash obtained through borrowing arrangements that may be available from time to time.
Portfolio I may pay all or a portion of your redemption proceeds by giving you securities (for example, if the Portfolio reasonably believes that a cash redemption may have a substantial impact on Portfolio I and its remaining shareholders). A redemption is generally a taxable event for shareholders, regardless of whether the redemption is satisfied in cash or in kind. You may pay transaction costs (including through the realization of taxable gain) to dispose of the securities, and you may receive less for them than the price at which they were valued for purposes of the redemption. In addition, you will be subject to the market risks associated with such securities until such time as you choose to dispose of the security.
During periods of deteriorating or stressed market conditions, when an increased portion of the Portfolio's portfolio may be comprised of less-liquid investments, or during extraordinary or emergency circumstances, Portfolio I may be more likely to pay redemption proceeds with cash obtained through short-term borrowing arrangements (if available) or by giving you securities.
In accordance with certain federal regulations, the Trust is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each entity that applies to open an account, including, in certain cases, information concerning such entity's beneficial owners. For this reason, when you open (or change ownership of) an account, the Trust will request certain information, including your name, address and taxpayer identification number, which will be used to verify your identity. If you are unable to provide sufficient information to verify your identity, the Trust will not open an account for you. As required by law, the Trust may employ various procedures, such as comparing your information to fraud databases or requesting additional information and documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct. The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase for any reason, including failure to provide the Trust with information necessary to confirm your identity as required by law.
Dividends and Distributions
Dividends on shares of Portfolio I will be declared and paid daily from Portfolio I's net investment income. Distributions of net short- and long-term capital gains, if any, will be made at least annually. Dividends will be processed pursuant to the securities lending authorization agreement between the Lending Fund and State Street. Generally, distributions will be declared and paid in December, if required, for Portfolio I to avoid imposition of a federal excise tax on undistributed capital gains. Portfolio I does not expect to realize any significant long-term capital gains or losses.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Portfolio Shares
The Board has not adopted market timing policies and procedures with respect to the Portfolio. The Board has evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Portfolio I's shareholders and has determined that due to the (i) nature of Portfolio I's portfolio holdings, (ii) nature of Portfolio I's shareholders, (iii) inability of Portfolio I's shareholders to exchange
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into other mutual funds, and (iv) inability of Portfolio I's shareholders to direct transactions because cash moves in and out of Portfolio I as securities are lent and returned, it is unlikely that (a) market timing would be attempted by Portfolio I's shareholders or (b) any attempts to market time Portfolio I by shareholders would result in a negative impact to Portfolio I or its shareholders.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Status
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to an investment in Portfolio I. Your investment in Portfolio I may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about federal, state, local, foreign or other tax laws applicable to you.
Portfolio I has elected to be treated as a regulated investment companyunder Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) and intends each year to qualify and to be eligible to be treated as such. A regulated investment company generally is not subject to tax at the corporate level on income and gains that are timely distributed to shareholders. In order to qualify and be eligible for treatment as a regulated investment company, Portfolio I must, among other things, satisfy diversification, qualifying income and distribution requirements. Portfolio I's failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would result in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
If Portfolio I fails to distribute in a calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for such year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 (or for the one-year period ending November 30 or December 31 if Portfolio I is eligible to elect and so elects), plus any retained amount from the prior year, Portfolio I will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. A dividend paid to shareholders by Portfolio I in January of a year is generally deemed to have been paid by Portfolio I on December 31 of the preceding year, if the distribution was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year. The Portfolio intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax although there can be no assurance it will do so. In addition, if Portfolio I were to qualify as a personal holding company,it may have to comply with additional requirements with respect to its distributions to shareholders in order to avoid the fund-level tax under the personal holding company rules of the Code.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains generally are determined by how long Portfolio I owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long you have owned your shares. Distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) from the sale of investments that Portfolio I owned for more than one year that are properly reported by Portfolio I as capital gain dividends generally will be treated as long-term capital gain includible in your net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Department of the Treasury have issued regulations that impose special rules in respect of capital gain dividends received through partnership interests constituting applicable partnership interests under Section 1061 of the Code. Portfolio I does not expect to realize any significant long-term capital gains or losses. Distributions of gains from investments that Portfolio I owned for one year or less generally will be taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions are taxable to you even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Portfolio before your investment (and thus were included in the price you paid for your shares). Distributions may also be subject to state, local or foreign taxes and are taxable whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.
Gain, if any, resulting from the redemption of Portfolio I shares generally will also be taxable to you as either short-term or long-term capital gain, depending upon how long you held such Portfolio I shares, except that, as and where Portfolio I is not a publicly offeredregulated investment company (as described below), in certain circumstances it is possible that the proceeds of a redemption of Portfolio I shares may be taxable as dividend income or a return of capital. Investors in Portfolio I will not be eligible for the tax treatment afforded to investments in money market funds, which (i) permits money market fund shareholders to use a simplified method of accounting for gains and losses realized in their money market fund shares, allowing such shareholders essentially to compute gain or loss on such shares by aggregating all purchase and sales within any taxable year, and (ii) generally excepts such sales from the wash-sale rule of the Code.
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A regulated investment company is considered publicly offeredif its shares are continuously offered pursuant to a public offering, its shares are regularly traded on an established securities exchange, or it has at least 500 shareholders at all times during a taxable year. Because shares of Portfolio I are not so registered or traded, and Portfolio I is not expected to have at least 500 shareholders at all times during the taxable year, a portion or all the proceeds of redemptions of Portfolio I shares may be treated as dividends. If a shareholder redeems fewer than all of its shares, such shareholder may be treated as having received a distribution under Section 301 of the Code (a Section 301 distribution) unless the redemption is treated as being either (i) substantially disproportionatewith respect to such shareholder by satisfying certain numerical tests relating to the reduction in the redeeming shareholder's percentage interest, and percentage voting interest, in Portfolio I, or (ii) otherwise not essentially equivalent to a dividendunder the relevant rules of the Code. For any period during which Portfolio I has a single shareholder, all redemption distributions will be treated as Section 301 distributions. A Section 301 distribution is not treated as a sale or exchange giving rise to a capital gain or loss, but rather is treated as a dividend to the extent supported by Portfolio I's current and accumulated earnings and profits, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the shareholder's tax basis in Portfolio I shares, and thereafter as capital gain.
In addition, in the event Portfolio I is not considered publicly offered, certain shareholders will be deemed to receive distributions equal to their allocable shares of certain expenses paid by Portfolio I. Very generally, expenses that are deemed distributed by Portfolio I include those paid or incurred during a calendar year that are deductible in determining Portfolio I's investment company taxable income for a taxable year beginning or ending within that calendar year, including in particular its advisory fee, but excluding those expenses incurred by virtue of Portfolio I's organization as a registered investment company (such as its registration fees, trustees' fees, expenses of periodic trustees' and shareholders' meetings, transfer agent fees, certain legal and accounting fees, the expenses of shareholder communications required by law, and certain other expenses). Shareholders of Portfolio I that will be deemed to have received distributions of such expenses include (i) individuals taxable in the U.S. or persons calculating their taxable income in the same way as do such individuals and (ii) pass-through entities having such an individual or person or another pass-through entity as an interest holder or beneficiary. Such deemed distributions of expenses are not deductible under current law by those direct or indirect shareholders who are individuals (or entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as an individual). The deemed distributions of expenses could as a result increase a shareholder's net taxes owed, lowering Portfolio I's effective yield with respect to such a shareholder.
An additional 3.8% Medicare contribution tax is imposed on the net investment incomeof individuals, estates and trusts to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends paid by the Portfolio, including any capital gain dividends, and net gains recognized on the redemption or other taxable disposition of shares of the Portfolio.
Portfolio I's income from or the proceeds of dispositions of its investments in non-U.S. assets may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes, which will reduce the yield on those investments. Shareholders generally will not be entitled separately to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes incurred by the Portfolio. If shareholders are not entitled to claim such a credit or deduction, the Portfolio's taxable income will be reduced by the foreign taxes paid or withheld. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in the Portfolio through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by Portfolio I, if any.
Certain of Portfolio I's investment practices, including derivative transactions and investments in debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, will be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions. These special rules may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of Portfolio I's distributions, and may require Portfolio I to sell its investments at a time when it is not advantageous to do so.
If you are not a U.S. person, dividends paid by Portfolio I that Portfolio I properly reports as capital gain dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, or interest-related dividends are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax, provided that certain other requirements are met. Portfolio I is permitted, but is not required, to report any part of its dividends as are eligible for such treatment. Portfolio I's dividends other than those Portfolio I so reports as capital gain dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, or interest-related dividends generally will be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate (or lower applicable treaty rate).
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The U.S. Treasury and IRS generally require Portfolio I to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each shareholder under Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a foreign government.
Cost Basis Reporting. U.S. Treasury regulations mandate cost basis reporting to shareholders and the IRS for redemptions of Portfolio I shares. With respect to shares acquired and held directly through Portfolio I and not through a financial intermediary, Portfolio I will use a default average cost basis methodology for tracking and reporting cost basis on Portfolio I shares, unless another cost basis reporting methodology is requested in writing.
Item 12. Distribution Arrangements
Shares of Portfolio I are being offered primarily to Lending Funds in connection with the State Street Securities Lending Program. Shares of Portfolio I are sold in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offeringwithin the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. Shares of the Trust are sold directly by the Trust without a distributor and are not subject to a sales load or redemption fee. Assets of Portfolio I are not subject to fees permitted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
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PART A
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio II
April 30, 2023
Because the State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust (the Trust) is only registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), responses to Items 1, 2, 3, 4 and 13 of Form N-1A have been omitted. Item 8 is omitted because it is not applicable.
Introduction
The Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on June 15, 1995.
The Trust issues beneficial interests of its series solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offering within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act). This Registration Statement does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any security within the meaning of the 1933 Act.
State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street) has established a securities lending program for its clients (the State Street Securities Lending Program). Each client that participates in the State Street Securities Lending Program as a lender (each, a Client Lending Fundand collectively, the Client Lending Funds) enters into a securities lending authorization agreement with State Street. Under such agreement, State Street is authorized to invest the cash collateral securing loans of securities of each Client Lending Fund in a variety of investments, as consistent with applicable law. Shares of the Trust are offered primarily to, and held by, the Client Lending Funds in the State Street Securities Lending Program, and may, on a case-by-case basis, be offered to and held by institutional investors that participate in a third-party lending agent program (Third-Party Lending Fundsand Third-Party Securities Lending Program(s)). The Client Lending Funds and the Third-Party Lending Funds are sometimes referred to herein collectively as the Lending Funds; the State Street Securities Lending Program and the Third-Party Securities Lending Program are sometimes referred to herein collectively as the Securities Lending Program.
Item 5. Management
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (SSGA FMor the Adviser) serves as the investment adviser to State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio II (Portfolio IIor the Portfolio), a series of the Trust. 
The professionals primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio are Todd Bean and Sean Lussier, each of which has served as a portfolio manager of the Portfolio since organization in 2018.
Todd Bean, CFA, is a Vice President of the Adviser and Head of U.S. Traditional Cash Strategies in the Global Fixed Income, Cash and Currency Team. He joined the Adviser in 2002.
Sean Lussier is a Vice President of the Adviser and a Senior Portfolio Manager in the Global Fixed Income, Cash and Currency Team. He joined the Adviser in 2004.
Item 6. Purchase and Sale of Portfolio Shares
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment amount for the Portfolio.
Shares are offered solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offeringwithin the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act.
Shares of Portfolio II are only offered to, and may only be held by, the Lending Funds in the Securities Lending Program. Shares of Portfolio II are available for purchase each day on which the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Federal Reserve banks and State Street are open for business (a Business Day). Purchases are effected on behalf of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Lending Fund. All shares of Portfolio II
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are purchased at the net asset value (NAV) per share of the Portfolio next determined after the purchase is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent and determined to be in good order. Redemptions are effected on behalf of a Client Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Client Lending Fund.
Shares of Portfolio II may be redeemed on each Business Day at the NAV per share of the Portfolio next determined after the redemption is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent. Portfolio II observes the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Under normal circumstances, the Portfolio expects to meet redemption requests by using cash or cash equivalents in its portfolio and/or selling portfolio assets to generate cash. The Portfolio also may pay redemption proceeds using cash obtained through borrowing arrangements that may be available from time to time.
Item 7. Tax Information
The Portfolio intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income.
Item 9. Investment Objective, Principal Investment Strategies, Related Risks, and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The investment objective, principal strategies, risks and portfolio holdings disclosure policy of Portfolio II are described below. The investment objective of Portfolio II may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board) upon at least sixty (60) days' prior written notice to shareholders of the Portfolio. The Board may change the Portfolio's investment strategies and other policies without shareholder approval, except as otherwise indicated. See the Part B of the Registration Statement (Part B) for a description of certain fundamental investment restrictions for the Portfolio. The Portfolio's investment adviser is SSGA FM, a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc.
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State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio II
Investment Objective
The Portfolio seeks current yield to the extent consistent with maintaining liquidity and the preservation of principal while providing a market rate of return.
Principal Investment Strategies
Portfolio II is not a money market fund and it will not seek to use the amortized cost method of valuation, which may be used by certain money market funds, to seek to maintain a stable NAV per share. Portfolio II is not subject to the investment and other requirements that apply to money market funds and it may invest in a manner that is inconsistent with the rules governing money market funds. For example, Portfolio II will not be limited by the credit quality, maturity, liquidity, diversification, or other requirements imposed on money market funds. The investment return and principal value of an investment in Portfolio II will fluctuate and a shareholder's shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Investments in Portfolio II are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. government or State Street.
The Portfolio attempts to meet its investment objective by investing in a broad range of money market instruments including, among other things, U.S. government securities (including U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds and other securities issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities); certificates of deposit and time deposits of U.S. and foreign banks; commercial paper and other high quality obligations of U.S. or foreign companies, including bank obligations; asset-backed securities, including asset backed commercial paper; mortgage-related securities; and repurchase agreements. These instruments may bear fixed, variable or floating rates of interest or may be zero-coupon securities. The Portfolio also may invest in shares of money market funds, including funds advised by the Adviser. A substantial portion of the Portfolio may be invested in securities that are issued or traded pursuant to exemptions from registration under the federal securities laws. The Portfolio may purchase securities on a forward commitment basis.
The Portfolio may invest in U.S. and foreign bank time deposits (including European Certificates of Deposit (ECDs), European Time Deposits (ETDs) and Yankee Certificates of Deposit (YCDs)) and banker acceptances. ECDs are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by a bank outside of the United States. ETDs are U.S. dollar-denominated deposits in foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks. YCDs are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by U.S. branches of foreign banks. These instruments have different risks than those associated with the obligations of U.S. banks operating in the United States.
In managing Portfolio II, the Adviser follows a disciplined investment process, basing its investment decisions on the relative attractiveness of different money market instruments. Among other things, the Adviser conducts its own credit analyses of potential investments and portfolio holdings, and relies substantially on a dedicated short-term credit research team. The Adviser's view of the attractiveness of an instrument may vary depending on a variety of factors, including, for example, the general level of interest rates, imbalances of supply and demand in the market, the Portfolio's overall weighted average maturity (WAM) and weighted average life (WAL) and the credit quality of the obligors.
The Portfolio invests only in U.S. dollar-denominated, short-term, high quality debt obligations (generally, securities that have remaining maturities of 397 calendar days or less and either have been rated A-1 or A-2 by Standard & Poor's, P-1 or P-2 by Moody's, F1 or F2 by Fitch, or are considered by the Adviser to be of comparable quality). The Portfolio will maintain a WAM of sixty (60) days or less and a WAL of one hundred and twenty (120) days or less. The Portfolio will not purchase any security with a remaining maturity that exceeds three hundred and ninety seven (397) days. For purposes of this restriction and for purposes of determining the Portfolio's WAM or WAL, a security's final maturity date will be used, unless the security is a floating rate or variable rate security in which case the security may be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment of its interest rate, or, if it is a government security or short-term floating rate security, one day. Securities with demand features may be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the principal amount can be recovered through demand.
Portfolio II will only invest in floating rate instruments if the instrument's interest rate is tied to a publicly available index or other measure, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the Secured Overnight Funding Rate (SOFR), the federal funds rate, U.S. or non-U.S. prime interest rates, and Treasury bill yields.
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The Portfolio principally invests in bonds, which include debt securities and fixed income and income-producing instruments of any kind issued by governmental or private-sector entities. Most bonds consist of a security or instrument having one or more of the following characteristics: a fixed-income security, a security issued at a discount to its face value, a security that pays interest, whether fixed, floating or variable, or a security with a stated principal amount that requires repayment of some or all of that principal amount to the holder of the security. The Adviser interprets the term bond broadly as an instrument or security evidencing what is commonly referred to as an IOU rather than evidencing the corporate ownership of equity unless that equity represents an indirect or derivative interest in one or more debt securities. The Portfolio may invest in stripped securities, which are U.S. Treasury bonds and notes, the unmatured interest coupons of which have been separated from the underlying obligation. Stripped securities are zero coupon obligations that are normally issued at a discount from their face value. The Portfolio may invest no more than 25% of its assets in stripped securities that have been stripped by their holder, which is typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm.
Portfolio II is used exclusively for the investment of cash received as collateral for securities loans. Accordingly, Portfolio II may experience significant redemptions in response to declines in the value of securities on loan or the quantity of loans outstanding from time to time. If the Portfolio is required to sell securities to meet significant redemptions during a period of market disruption, the Portfolio may experience losses. The rate of income of Portfolio II will vary from day-to-day, depending on short-term interest rates.
Principal Risks of Investing in Portfolio II
Note: Portfolio II is not operated as a money market fund pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. Its net asset value (NAV) per share may fluctuate. A shareholder's shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Investments in Portfolio II are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. government or State Street.
The Portfolio is subject to the following principal risks. You could lose money by investing in the Portfolio. Certain risks relating to instruments and strategies used in the management of the Portfolio are placed first. The significance of any specific risk to an investment in the Portfolio will vary over time, depending on the composition of the Portfolio's portfolio, market conditions, and other factors. You should read all of the risk information presented below carefully, because any one or more of these risks may result in losses to the Portfolio. Because the share price of the Portfolio will fluctuate, when you sell your shares, they may be worth more or less than what you originally paid for them. An investment in Portfolio II is subject to investment risks, including possible loss of principal, is not a deposit in State Street or any other bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the FDIC) or any other governmental agency. The Portfolio may not achieve its investment objective. Investors should consult their own advisers as to the role of the Portfolio in their overall investment programs.
Market Risk. Market prices of investments held by the Portfolio will go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. The Portfolio's investments are subject to changes in general economic conditions, general market fluctuations and the risks inherent in investment in securities markets. Investment markets can be volatile, and prices of investments can change substantially due to various factors, including, but not limited to, economic growth or recession, changes in interest rates, inflation, changes in actual or perceived creditworthiness of issuers and general market liquidity. Even if general economic conditions do not change, the value of an investment in the Portfolio could decline if the particular industries, sectors or companies in which the Portfolio invests do not perform well or are adversely affected by events. Further, legal, political, regulatory and tax changes also may cause fluctuations in markets and securities prices. Local, regional or global events such as war, military conflicts, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have a significant impact on the Portfolio and its investments.
The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in major disruptions to economies and markets around the world, including the United States. Although vaccines have been developed and approved for use by various governments, the duration of the pandemic and its effects cannot be predicted with certainty. COVID-19, and efforts to contain its spread, have contributed to, and may continue to contribute to, market volatility, inflation, reduced liquidity of certain instruments, supply chain disruptions, and systemic economic weakness, and trading in many instruments was and may continue to be disrupted as a result. In response, governments and central banks, including the Federal Reserve in the United States, have taken extraordinary and unprecedented actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets. The impact of these measures, and whether they will be effective to mitigate the economic and market disruption, will not be known for some time. The foregoing could impact the Portfolio and its investments and result in disruptions to the services provided to the Portfolio by its service providers.
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Additionally, in March 2023, the shut‐down of certain financial institutions raised economic concerns over disruption in the U.S. banking system.  There can be no certainty that the actions taken by the U.S. government to strengthen public confidence in the U.S. banking system will be effective in mitigating the effects of financial institution failures on the economy and restoring public confidence in the U.S. banking system. 
Debt Securities Risk. The values of debt securities may increase or decrease as a result of the following: market fluctuations, changes in interest rates, actual or perceived inability or unwillingness of issuers, guarantors or liquidity providers to make scheduled principal or interest payments or illiquidity in debt securities markets. To the extent that interest rates rise, certain underlying obligations may be paid off substantially slower than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply. A rising interest rate environment may cause the value of the Portfolio's fixed income securities to decrease, an adverse impact on the liquidity of the Portfolio's fixed income securities, and increased volatility of the fixed income markets. During periods when interest rates are at low levels, the Portfolio's yield can be low, and the Portfolio may have a negative yield (i.e., it may lose money on an operating basis). To the extent that interest rates fall, certain underlying obligations may be paid off substantially faster than originally anticipated. If the principal on a debt obligation is prepaid before expected, the prepayments of principal may have to be reinvested in obligations paying interest at lower rates. During periods of falling interest rates, the income received by the Portfolio may decline. Changes in interest rates will likely have a greater effect on the values of debt securities of longer durations. Returns on investments in debt securities could trail the returns on other investment options, including investments in equity securities. The U.S. Federal Reserve has been engaged in an aggressive campaign to raise interest rates in an effort to combat historically high levels of inflation. Interest rate increases may continue. High levels of inflation and/or a significantly changing interest rate environment can lead to heightened levels of volatility and reduced liquidity.
In general, bond prices fall when interest rates rise. During periods of rising interest rates, a fund's yield generally is lower than prevailing market rates. In periods of falling interest rates, a fund's yield generally is higher than prevailing market rates. Typically, the more distant the expected cash flow that a fund is to receive from a security, the more sensitive the market value of the security is to movements in interest rates. If a fund owns securities that have variable or floating interest rates, as interest rates fall, the income a fund receives from those securities also will fall. Rising interest rates could have unpredictable effects on the markets and may expose fixed income and related markets to heightened volatility.
Adverse market or economic conditions or investor perceptions may result in little or no trading activity in one or more particular securities, thus making it difficult to determine their values. A fund holding those securities may have to value them at prices that reflect unrealized losses, or, if it elects to sell them, it may have to accept lower prices than the prices at which it is then valuing them. A fund also may not be able to sell the securities at any price. For certain fixed income securities, an increase in interest rates may lead to increased redemptions and increased portfolio turnover, which could reduce liquidity for certain portfolio investments, adversely affect values, and increase a fund's costs. If dealer capacity in fixed income markets is insufficient for market conditions, liquidity may be further inhibited and volatility may increase.
Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper and Rule 144A Securities Risk. The Portfolio may invest in commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. This commercial paper is commonly called Section 4(a)(2) paper.The Portfolio may also invest in securities that may be offered and sold only to qualified institutional buyersunder Rule 144A of the 1933 Act (Rule 144A securities).
Section 4(a)(2) paper is sold to institutional investors who must agree to purchase the paper for investment and not with a view to public distribution. Any resale by the purchaser must be in a transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act. Section 4(a)(2) paper normally is resold to other institutional investors like the Portfolio through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers that make a market in Section 4(a)(2) paper. As a result, it suffers from liquidity risk, the risk that the securities may be difficult to value because of the absence of an active market and the risk that it may be sold only after considerable expense and delay, if at all. Rule 144A securities generally must be sold only to other qualified institutional buyers.
Section 4(a)(2) paper and Rule 144A securities will not be considered illiquid for purposes of the Portfolio's limitation on illiquid securities if the Adviser (pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board) determines that a liquid trading market exists for the securities in question. There can be no assurance that a liquid trading market will exist at any time for any particular Section 4(a)(2) paper or Rule 144A securities.
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Repurchase Agreement Risk. A repurchase agreement is an agreement to buy a security from a seller at one price and a simultaneous agreement to sell it back to the original seller at an agreed-upon price, typically representing the purchase price plus interest. Repurchase agreements may be viewed as loans made by the Portfolio which are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. The Portfolio's investment return on such transactions will depend on the counterparty's willingness and ability to perform its obligations under a repurchase agreement. If the Portfolio's counterparty should default on its obligations and the Portfolio is delayed or prevented from recovering the collateral, or if the value of the collateral is insufficient, the Portfolio may realize a loss.
Banking Companies Risk. The performance of bank stocks may be affected by extensive governmental regulation, which may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments banks can make, the interest rates and fees they can charge, and the amount of capital they must maintain. Profitability is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds, and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers can negatively impact the banking companies. Banks may also be subject to severe price competition. Competition among banking companies is high and failure to maintain or increase market share may result in lost market value.
U.S. Government Securities Risk. U.S. government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds and mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency's obligations; and still others are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality, or enterprise. Although U.S. government-sponsored enterprises such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) may be chartered or sponsored by Congress, they are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their securities are not issued by the U.S. Treasury nor supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. There is no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies and instrumentalities if not required to do so. In addition, certain governmental entities have been subject to regulatory scrutiny regarding their accounting policies and practices and other concerns that may result in legislation, changes in regulatory oversight and/or other consequences that could adversely affect the credit quality, availability, or investment character of securities issued by these entities. The value and liquidity of U.S. government securities may be affected adversely by changes in the ratings of those securities. Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury historically have been considered to present minimal credit risk. The downgrade in the long-term U.S. credit rating by at least one major rating agency has introduced greater uncertainty about the ability of the U.S. to repay its obligations. A further credit rating downgrade or a U.S. credit default could decrease the value and increase the volatility of the Portfolio's investments.
Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Investments in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are subject to the risk of significant credit downgrades, illiquidity, and defaults to a greater extent than many other types of fixed income investments. The liquidity of mortgage-related and asset-backed securities may change over time. Mortgage-related securities represent a participation in, or are secured by, mortgage loans. Other asset-backed securities are typically structured like mortgage-related securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include, for example, items such as motor vehicle installment sales or installment loan contracts, leases on various types of real and personal property, and receivables from credit card agreements. During periods of falling interest rates, mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, which typically provide the issuer with the right to prepay the security prior to maturity, may be prepaid, which may result in the Portfolio having to reinvest the proceeds in other investments at lower interest rates. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may extend because of slower-than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below market interest rate, increase the security's duration and interest rate sensitivity, and reduce the value of the security. As a result, mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other debt securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market values during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayment rates are difficult to predict and the potential impact of prepayments on the value of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed security depends on the terms of the instrument and can result in significant volatility. The price of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed security also depends on the credit quality and adequacy of the underlying assets or collateral. Mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities issued by non-governmental issuers (such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers) will generally entail greater credit risk than obligations guaranteed by the U.S. government. Defaults on the underlying assets, if any, may impair the value of a mortgage-related or other asset-backed security. For some asset-backed securities in which the Portfolio invests, such as those backed by credit card receivables, the underlying cash flows may
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not be supported by a security interest in a related asset. Moreover, the values of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools, and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence or malfeasance by their servicers and to the credit risk of their servicers. In certain situations, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of securities holders in and to the underlying collateral. There may be legal and practical limitations on the enforceability of any security interest granted with respect to underlying assets, or the value of the underlying assets, if any, may be insufficient if the issuer defaults.
In a forward rolltransaction, a Portfolio will sell a mortgage-related security to a bank or other permitted entity and simultaneously agree to purchase a similar security from the institution at a later date at an agreed upon price. The mortgage securities that are purchased will bear the same interest rate as those sold, but generally will be collateralized by different pools of mortgages with different prepayment histories than those sold. The values of such transactions will be affected by many of the same factors that affect the values of mortgage-related securities generally. In addition, forward roll transactions may have the effect of creating investment leverage in a Portfolio.
Call/Prepayment Risk. Call/prepayment risk is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Portfolio earlier than expected or required. This may occur, for example, when there is a decline in interest rates, and an issuer of bonds or preferred stock redeems the bonds or stock in order to replace them with obligations on which it is required to pay a lower interest or dividend rate. It may also occur when there is an unanticipated increase in the rate at which mortgages or other receivables underlying mortgage- or asset-backed securities held by the Portfolio are prepaid. In any such case, the Portfolio may be forced to invest the prepaid amounts in lower-yielding investments, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio's income.
Counterparty Risk. The Portfolio will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties with which the Portfolio enters into repurchase agreements and other transactions. If a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, the Portfolio may be unable to terminate the transaction, and it may be delayed or prevented from realizing on any collateral in the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding relating to the counterparty.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer, guarantor or liquidity provider of a fixed-income security held by the Portfolio may be unable or unwilling, or may be perceived (whether by market participants, ratings agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. It includes the risk that the security will be downgraded by a credit rating agency; generally, lower credit quality issuers present higher credit risks. An actual or perceived decline in creditworthiness of an issuer of a fixed-income security held by the Portfolio may result in a decrease in the value of the security. It is possible that the ability of an issuer to meet its obligations will decline substantially during the period when the Portfolio owns securities of the issuer or that the issuer will default on its obligations or that the obligations of the issuer will be limited or restructured.
The credit rating assigned to any particular investment does not necessarily reflect the issuer's current financial condition and does not reflect an assessment of an investment's volatility or liquidity. Securities rated in the lowest category of investment-grade are considered to have speculative characteristics. If a security held by the Portfolio loses its rating or its rating is downgraded, the Portfolio may nonetheless continue to hold the security in the discretion of the Adviser. In the case of asset-backed or mortgage-related securities, changes in the actual or perceived ability of the obligors on the underlying assets or mortgages to make payments of interest and/or principal may affect the values of those securities.
Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit, Eurodollar Time Deposits and Yankee Certificates of Deposit Risk. The Portfolio may invest in ECDs, ETDs and YCDs. ECDs and ETDs are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits, respectively, issued by foreign branches of domestic banks and foreign banks. YCDs are U.S. dollar denominated certificates of deposit issued by U.S. branches of foreign banks.
Different risks than those associated with the obligations of domestic banks may exist for ECDs, ETDs and YCDs because the banks issuing these instruments, or their domestic or foreign branches, are not necessarily subject to the same regulatory requirements that apply to domestic banks, such as loan limitations, examinations and reserve, accounting, auditing, recordkeeping and public reporting requirements. Obligations of foreign issuers also involve risks such as future unfavorable political and economic developments, withholding or other tax, seizures of foreign deposits, currency controls, interest limitations, and other governmental restrictions that might affect repayment of principal or payment of interest, or the ability to honor a credit commitment.
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Extension Risk. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended because of slower-than-expected principal payments. This may increase the period of time during which an investment earns a below-market interest rate, increase the security's duration and reduce the value of the security. Extension risk may be heightened during periods of adverse economic conditions generally, as payment rates decline due to higher unemployment levels and other factors.
Financial Institutions Risk. Some instruments are issued or guaranteed by financial institutions, such as banks and brokers, or are collateralized by securities issued or guaranteed by financial institutions. Changes in the creditworthiness of any of these institutions may adversely affect the values of instruments of issuers in financial industries. Financial institutions may be particularly sensitive to certain economic factors such as interest rate changes, adverse developments in the real estate market, fiscal and monetary policy and general economic cycles. Adverse developments in banking and other financial industries may cause the Portfolio to underperform relative to other funds that invest more broadly across different industries or have a smaller exposure to financial institutions. In March 2023, the shut‐down of certain financial institutions raised economic concerns over disruption in the U.S. banking system. There can be no certainty that the actions taken by the U.S. government to strengthen public confidence in the U.S. banking system will be effective in mitigating the effects of financial institution failures on the economy and restoring public confidence in the U.S. banking system. Other adverse developments that affect financial institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, may reduce liquidity in the market generally or have other adverse effects on the economy or the Fund. In addition, the Fund may not be able to identify all potential solvency or stress concerns with respect to a financial institution or to transfer assets from one bank or financial institution to another in a timely manner in the event such bank or financial institution comes under stress or fails. Changes in governmental regulation and oversight of financial institutions may have an adverse effect on the financial condition or the earnings or operations of a financial institution and on the types and amounts of businesses in which a financial institution may engage. An investor may be delayed or prevented from exercising certain remedies against a financial institution. The amount of the Portfolio's assets that may be invested in any financial institution, or financial institutions generally, may be limited by applicable law.
Forward Commitments Risk. The Portfolio may enter into contracts to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time (forward commitments), consistent with the Portfolio's ability to manage its investment portfolio and meet redemption requests. Forward commitments may be considered securities in themselves, and involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in the value of the Portfolio's other assets. Where such purchases are made through dealers, the Portfolio relies on the dealer to consummate the sale. The dealer's failure to do so may result in the loss to the Portfolio of an advantageous yield or price.
Although the Portfolio will generally enter into forward commitments with the intention of acquiring securities for its portfolio or for delivery pursuant to options contracts it has entered into, the Portfolio may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if the Adviser deems it appropriate to do so. The Portfolio may realize short-term profits or losses upon the sale of forward commitments. When effecting such transactions, cash or other liquid assets (such as liquid high quality debt obligations) held by the Portfolio of a dollar amount sufficient to make payment for the portfolio securities to be purchased will be segregated on the Portfolio's records at the trade date and maintained until the transaction is settled. Such segregated assets will be marked to market on a daily basis, and if the market value of such assets declines, additional cash or assets will be segregated so that the market value of the segregated assets will equal the amount of such the Portfolio's obligations. Forward commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, or if the other party fails to complete the transaction.
Illiquid Securities Risk. The Portfolio will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in illiquid securities  (i.e., securities that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business at approximately their carrying values within seven days), including repurchase agreements and time deposits of more than seven days' duration. The absence of a regular trading market for illiquid securities imposes additional risks on investments in these securities. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value and may often be disposed of only after considerable expense and delay.
Income Risk. The Portfolio's income may decline due to falling interest rates or other factors. Issuers of securities held by the Portfolio may call or redeem the securities during periods of falling interest rates, and the Portfolio would likely be required to reinvest in securities paying lower interest rates. If an obligation held by the Portfolio is prepaid, the Portfolio may have to reinvest the prepayment in other obligations paying income at lower rates. A reduction in the income earned by the Portfolio may limit the Portfolio's ability to achieve its objective.
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Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that the securities held by the Portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. Debt securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than debt securities with shorter durations. For example, the value of a security with a duration of five years would be expected to decrease by 5% for every 1% increase in interest rates. Falling interest rates also create the potential for a decline in the Portfolio's income and yield. Interest-only and principal-only securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the income flows and repayment assumptions about those investments. Variable and floating rate securities also generally increase or decrease in value in response to changes in interest rates, although generally to a lesser degree than fixed-rate securities. A substantial increase in interest rates may also have an adverse impact on the liquidity of a security, especially those with longer durations. Changes in governmental policy, including changes in central bank monetary policy, could cause interest rates to rise rapidly, or cause investors to expect a rapid rise in interest rates. This could lead to heightened levels of interest rate, volatility and liquidity risks for the fixed income markets generally and could have a substantial and immediate effect on the values of the Portfolio's investments. The U.S. Federal Reserve has been engaged in an aggressive campaign to raise interest rates in an effort to combat historically high levels of inflation. Interest rate increases may continue. High levels of inflation and/or a significantly changing interest rate environment can lead to heightened levels of volatility and reduced liquidity.
Large Shareholder Risk. To the extent a large proportion of the shares of the Portfolio are highly concentrated or held by a small number of shareholders (or a single shareholder), including funds or accounts over which the Adviser has investment discretion, the Portfolio is subject to the risk that these shareholders will purchase or redeem Portfolio interests in large amounts rapidly or unexpectedly, including as a result of an asset allocation decision made by the Adviser. These transactions could adversely affect the ability of the Portfolio to conduct its investment program. For example, they could require the Portfolio to sell portfolio securities or purchase portfolio securities unexpectedly and incur substantial transaction costs and/or accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or gains to shareholders, or the Portfolio may be required to sell its more liquid portfolio investments to meet a large redemption, in which case the Portfolio's remaining assets may be less liquid, more volatile, and more difficult to price. The Portfolio may hold a relatively large proportion of its assets in cash in anticipation of large redemptions, diluting its investment returns.
LIBOR Risk. The Portfolio's payment obligations, financing terms and investments in certain instruments (including debt securities and derivatives) may rely in some fashion upon the London-Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). LIBOR is an average interest rate, determined by the ICE Benchmark Administration (IBA,the administrator of LIBOR) (IBA), that banks offer to charge one another for the use of short-term money. In 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced its intention to cease compelling banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR after 2021. IBA ceased publication of most LIBOR settings on a representative basis at the end of 2021 and is expected to cease publication of a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on a representative basis after June 30, 2023. In addition, global regulators have announced that, with limited exceptions, no new LIBOR-based contracts should be entered into after 2021. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies. Various financial industry groups have been planning for the transition away from LIBOR and markets are developing in response to these new rates, but questions around the liquidity of the new rates and how to appropriately adjust these rates to eliminate any economic value transfer at the time of transition remain a significant concern. The transition away from and elimination of LIBOR may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that rely on LIBOR, particularly insofar as the documentation governing such instruments does not include fall backprovisions addressing the transition from LIBOR. Uncertainty and volatility arising from the transition may result in a reduction in the value of certain LIBOR-based instruments held by the Portfolio or reduce the effectiveness of related transactions such as hedges. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to the Portfolio.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the risk that the Portfolio may not be able to dispose of investments or close out transactions readily at a favorable time or prices (or at all) or at prices approximating those at which the Portfolio currently values them. For example, certain investments may be subject to restrictions on resale, may trade in the over-the-counter market or in limited volume, or may not have an active trading market. Illiquid investments may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments and may be subject to wide fluctuations in market value. It may be difficult for the Portfolio to value illiquid investments accurately. The market for certain investments may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. Disposal of illiquid investments may entail registration expenses and other transaction costs that are higher than those for liquid investments. The Portfolio may seek to borrow money to meet its obligations (including among other things redemp
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tion obligations) if it is unable to dispose of illiquid investments, resulting in borrowing expenses and possible leveraging of the Portfolio. In some cases, due to unanticipated levels of illiquidity the Portfolio may choose to meet its redemption obligations wholly or in part by distributions of assets in-kind.
The term illiquid investments for this purpose means securities that the Portfolio reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the securities. If the Portfolio determines at any time that it owns illiquid investments in excess of 15% of its net assets, it will cease to undertake new commitments to acquire illiquid investments until its holdings are no longer in excess of 15% of its NAV, report the occurrence in compliance with Rule 30b1-10 under the 1940 Act and, depending on circumstances, may take additional steps to reduce its holdings of illiquid investments. The SEC has recently proposed rule amendments that, if adopted as proposed, could result in a larger percentage of the Portfolio's investments being classified as illiquid investments.
Low Short-Term Interest Rate Risk. During market conditions in which short-term interest rates are at low levels the Portfolio's yield can be very low. During these conditions, it is possible that the Portfolio will generate an insufficient amount of income to pay its expenses, and that it will not be able to pay a daily dividend and may have a negative yield (i.e., it may lose money on an operating basis). It is possible that the Portfolio would, during these conditions, maintain a substantial portion of its assets in cash, on which it may earn little, if any, income.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk. The Portfolio is subject to the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, pandemics and epidemics, and systemic market dislocations may be highly disruptive to economies and markets. Those events, as well as other changes in foreign and domestic economic and political conditions, also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Portfolio's investments. Given the increasing interdependence among global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region might adversely affect markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. Any partial or complete dissolution of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union, or any increased uncertainty as to its status, could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Portfolio's investments. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) formally withdrew from the European Union (EU) (commonly known as Brexit). An agreement between the UK and the EU governing their future trade relationship became effective January 1, 2021, but critical aspects of the relationship remain unresolved and subject to further negotiation and agreement. There is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences associated with the exit, including whether the U.K.'s exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU. Brexit may have a significant impact on the U.K., Europe, and global economies, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, new legal and regulatory uncertainties and potentially lower economic growth for these economies that could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of the Portfolio's investments. Securities and financial markets may be susceptible to market manipulation or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the values of investments traded in these markets, including investments held by the Portfolio. To the extent the Portfolio has focused its investments in the market or index of a particular region, adverse geopolitical and other events could have a disproportionate impact on the Portfolio.
Market Volatility; Government Intervention Risk. Market dislocations and other external events, such as the failures or near failures of significant financial institutions, dislocations in investment or currency markets, corporate or governmental defaults or credit downgrades, or poor collateral performance, may subject the Portfolio to significant risk of substantial volatility and loss. Governmental and regulatory authorities have taken, and may in the future take, actions to provide or arrange credit supports to financial institutions whose operations have been compromised by credit market dislocations and to restore liquidity and stability to financial systems in their jurisdictions; the implementation of such governmental interventions and their impact on both the markets generally and the Portfolio's investment program in particular can be uncertain. Governmental and non-governmental issuers may default on, or be forced to restructure, their debts, and other issuers may face difficulties obtaining credit. Defaults or restructurings by governments or others of their debts could have substantial adverse effects on economies, financial markets, and asset valuations around the world. Federal Reserve or other U.S. or non-U.S. governmental or central bank actions, including interest rate increases or contrary actions by different governments, or investor perception that these efforts are not succeeding, could negatively affect financial markets generally as well as the values and liquidity of certain securities.
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Non-U.S. Securities Risk. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers (including depositary receipts) entail risks not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. issuers. Similar risks may apply to securities traded on a U.S. securities exchange that are issued by entities with significant exposure to non-U.S. countries. In certain countries, legal remedies available to investors may be more limited than those available with regard to U.S. investments. Income and gains with respect to investments in certain countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. entity than about a U.S. entity, and many non-U.S. entities are not subject to accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards, regulatory framework and practices comparable to those in the United States. The securities of some non-U.S. entities are less liquid and at times more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. entities, and could become subject to sanctions or embargoes that adversely affect the Portfolio's investment. Non-U.S. transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions and custody costs may be higher than in the U.S. In addition, there may be a possibility of nationalization or expropriation of assets, imposition of currency exchange controls, confiscatory taxation, and diplomatic developments that could adversely affect the values of the Portfolio's investments in certain non-U.S. countries. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers also are subject to foreign political and economic risk not associated with U.S. investments, meaning that political events (civil unrest, national elections, changes in political conditions and foreign relations, imposition of exchange controls and repatriation restrictions), social and economic events (labor strikes, rising inflation) and natural disasters occurring in a country where the Portfolio invests could cause the Portfolio's investments to experience gains or losses.
Rapid Changes in Interest Rates. The values of instruments held by the Portfolio may be adversely affected by rapid changes in interest rates. Rapid changes in interest rates may cause significant requests to redeem Portfolio Shares, and possibly cause the Portfolio to sell portfolio securities at a loss to satisfy those requests.
Reinvestment Risk. Income from the Portfolio may decline when the Portfolio invests the proceeds from investment income, sales of portfolio securities or matured, traded or called debt obligations. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, an issuer of debt obligations may exercise an option to redeem securities prior to maturity, forcing the Portfolio to reinvest the proceeds in lower-yielding securities. A decline in income received by the Portfolio from its investments is likely to have a negative effect on the yield and total return of the Portfolio Shares.
Risk of Investment in Other Pools. If the Portfolio invests in another pooled investment vehicle, it is exposed to the risk that the other pool will not perform as expected. The Portfolio is exposed indirectly to all of the risks applicable to an investment in such other pool. In addition, lack of liquidity in the underlying pool could result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities, and may limit the ability of the Portfolio to sell or redeem its interest in the pool at a time or at a price it might consider desirable. The investment policies and limitations of the other pool may not be the same as those of the Portfolio; as a result, the Portfolio may be subject to additional or different risks, or may achieve a reduced investment return, as a result of its investment in another pool. If a pool is an exchange-traded fund or other product traded on a securities exchange or otherwise actively traded, its shares may trade at a premium or discount to their NAV, an effect that might be more pronounced in less liquid markets. The Portfolio bears its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of any pool in which it invests. The Adviser or an affiliate may serve as investment adviser to a pool in which the Portfolio may invest, leading to potential conflicts of interest. For example, the Adviser or its affiliates may receive fees based on the amount of assets invested in the pool. Investment by the Portfolio in the pool may be beneficial to the Adviser or an affiliate in the management of the pool, by helping to achieve economies of scale or enhancing cash flows. Due to this and other factors, the Adviser may have an incentive to invest the Portfolio's assets in a pool sponsored or managed by the Adviser or its affiliates in lieu of investments by the Portfolio directly in portfolio securities, or may have an incentive to invest in the pool over a pool sponsored or managed by others. Similarly, the Adviser may have an incentive to delay or decide against the sale of interests held by the Portfolio in a pool sponsored or managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. It is possible that other clients of the Adviser or its affiliates will purchase or sell interests in a pool sponsored or managed by the Adviser or its affiliates at prices and at times more favorable than those at which the Portfolio does so.
Stripped Securities Risk. The Portfolio may invest in stripped securities, which are U.S. Treasury bonds and notes, the unmatured interest coupons of which have been separated from the underlying obligation. Stripped securities are zero coupon obligations that are normally issued at a discount from their face value. The Portfolio may invest no more than 25% of its assets in stripped securities that have been stripped by their holder, which is typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. A number of securities firms and banks have stripped the interest coupons and resold them in custodian receipt programs with different names. In meeting its responsibility to determine whether it is the beneficial holder of the U.S. government securities underlying such certificates, the Trust intends to rely on the opinions of counsel to the sellers of these certificates or other evidences of ownership of U.S. Treasury obligations that, for U.S. federal
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income tax and securities law purposes, purchasers of such certificates most likely will be deemed the beneficial holders of the underlying U.S. government securities. The Trust is unaware of any binding legislative, judicial or administrative authority on this issue. Privately-issued stripped securities are not themselves guaranteed by the U.S. government, but the future payment of principal or interest on the U.S. Treasury obligations which they represent is so guaranteed.
Variable and Floating Rate Securities Risk. Variable or floating rate securities are debt securities with variable or floating interest rates payments. Variable or floating rate securities bear rates of interest that are adjusted periodically according to formulae intended generally to reflect market rates of interest and allow the Portfolio to participate (determined in accordance with the terms of the securities) in increases in interest rates through upward adjustments of the coupon rates on the securities. However, during periods of increasing interest rates, changes in the coupon rates may lag behind the changes in market rates or may have limits on the maximum increases in coupon rates. Alternatively, during periods of declining interest rates, the coupon rates on such securities will typically readjust downward resulting in a lower yield.
Zero-Coupon Bond Risk. Zero-coupon bonds are debt obligations that are generally issued at a discount and payable in full at maturity, and that do not provide for current payments of interest prior to maturity. Zero-coupon bonds usually trade at a deep discount from their face or par values and are subject to greater market value fluctuations from changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities that make current distributions of interest. When interest rates rise, the values of zero-coupon bonds fall more rapidly than securities paying interest on a current basis, because the Portfolio is unable to reinvest interest payments at the higher rates.
Additional Information About Non-Principal Investment Strategies and Risks
The investments described below reflect the Portfolio's current practices. In addition to the principal risks described above, other risks are described in some of the descriptions of the investments below:
Conflicts of Interest Risk. An investment in the Portfolio will be subject to a number of actual or potential conflicts of interest. For example, the Adviser or its affiliates may provide services to the Portfolio, such as custodial, administrative, bookkeeping, and accounting services, transfer agency and investor servicing, securities brokerage services, and other services for which the Portfolio would compensate the Adviser and/or such affiliates. The Portfolio may invest in other pooled investment vehicles sponsored, managed, or otherwise affiliated with the Adviser. There is no assurance that the rates at which the Portfolio pays fees or expenses to the Adviser or its affiliates, or the terms on which it enters into transactions with the Adviser or its affiliates will be the most favorable available in the market generally or as favorable as the rates the Adviser or its affiliates make available to other clients. Because of its financial interest, the Adviser will have an incentive to enter into transactions or arrangements on behalf of the Portfolio with itself or its affiliates in circumstances where it might not have done so in the absence of that interest, provided that the Adviser will comply with applicable regulatory requirements.
The Adviser and its affiliates serve as investment adviser to other clients and may make investment decisions that may be different from those that will be made by the Adviser on behalf of the Portfolio. For example, the Adviser may provide asset allocation advice to some clients that may include a recommendation to invest in or redeem from particular issuers while not providing that same recommendation to all clients invested in the same or similar issuers. The Adviser may (subject to applicable law) be simultaneously seeking to purchase (or sell) investments for the Portfolio and to sell (or purchase) the same investment for accounts, funds, or structured products for which it serves as asset manager, or for other clients or affiliates. The Adviser and its affiliates may invest for clients in various securities that are senior, pari passu or junior to, or have interests different from or adverse to, the securities that are owned by the Portfolio. The Adviser or its affiliates, in connection with its other business activities, may acquire material nonpublic confidential information that may restrict the Adviser from purchasing securities or selling securities for itself or its clients (including the Portfolio) or otherwise using such information for the benefit of its clients or itself.
The foregoing does not purport to be a comprehensive list or complete explanation of all potential conflicts of interests which may affect the Portfolio. The Portfolio may encounter circumstances, or enter into transactions, in which conflicts of interest that are not listed or discussed above may arise.
Cybersecurity Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform business and operational functions, funds (such as the Portfolio) and their service providers (including the Adviser) may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. In addition, the global spread of COVID-19 has caused the Portfolio and its service providers to imple
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ment business continuity plans, including widespread use of work-from-home arrangements. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Portfolio, the Adviser or a custodian, transfer agent, or other affiliated or third-party service provider may adversely affect the Portfolio or its investors. For instance, cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may interfere with the processing of investor or other transactions, affect the Portfolio's ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private investor information or confidential Portfolio information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject the Portfolio to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may render records of Portfolio assets and transactions, investor ownership of Portfolio Shares, and other data integral to the functioning of the Portfolio inaccessible or inaccurate or incomplete. The Portfolio may also incur substantial costs for cybersecurity risk management in order to prevent cyber incidents in the future. The Portfolio and its investors could be negatively impacted as a result. While the Adviser has established business continuity plans and systems designed to minimize the risk of cyber-attacks through the use of technology, processes and controls, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified, given the evolving nature of this threat. The Portfolio relies on third-party service providers for many of its day-to-day operations, and will be subject to the risk that the protections and protocols implemented by those service providers will be ineffective to protect the Portfolio from cyber-attack. The Adviser does not control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by third-party service providers, and such third-party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Adviser or the Portfolio. Similar types of cybersecurity risks or technical malfunctions also are present for issuers of securities in which the Portfolio invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Portfolio's investment in such securities to lose value.
Temporary Defensive Positions. In response to actual or perceived adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, a Portfolio may (but will not necessarily), without notice, depart from its principal investment strategies by temporarily investing for defensive purposes. While investing defensively, the Portfolio may maintain a substantial portion of its assets in cash, on which the Portfolio may earn little if any income. If a Portfolio invests for defensive purposes, it may not achieve its investment objective. In addition, the defensive strategy may not work as intended.
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure
The Portfolio's portfolio holdings disclosure policy is described in the Part B.
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Item 10. Management, Organization and Capital Structure
The Portfolio
The Portfolio is a separate, diversified series of the Trust.
The Adviser
SSGA FM serves as the investment adviser to the Portfolio and, subject to the oversight of the Board, is responsible for the investment management of the Portfolio. The Adviser provides an investment management program for the Portfolio and manages the investment of the Portfolio's assets. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation. The Adviser is registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Adviser and certain other affiliates of State Street Corporation make up SSGA. SSGA is one of the world's largest institutional money managers and the investment management arm of State Street Corporation. As of December 31, 2022, the Adviser managed approximately $804.40 billion in assets and SSGA managed approximately $3.48 trillion in assets. The Adviser's principal business address is One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.
A discussion regarding the Board's consideration of the Portfolio's Investment Advisory Agreement is provided in the Portfolio's Semi-Annual Report to Investors for the period ended June 30, 2022.
The Adviser manages the Portfolio using a team of investment professionals. The team approach is used to create an environment that encourages the flow of investment ideas. The portfolio managers within each team work together in a cohesive manner to develop and enhance techniques that drive the investment process for the respective investment strategy. This approach requires portfolio managers to share a variety of responsibilities, including investment strategy and analysis, while retaining responsibility for the implementation of the strategy within any particular portfolio. The approach also enables the team to draw upon the resources of other groups within SSGA. The portfolio management team is overseen by the SSGA Investment Committee.
The professionals primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio are Todd Bean and Sean Lussier.
Todd Bean, CFA, is a Vice President of SSGA and the Adviser and Head of U.S. Traditional Cash Strategies in the Global Fixed Income, Cash and Currency Team. He began his career at State Street Corporation in 1999, joining the firm as an analyst in the firm's custody and accounting area. Following a period on the cash operations staff, Mr. Bean joined the Cash Management Group as a portfolio manager in 2004. He received Bachelor's degrees in Economics and Government from St. Lawrence University and a Master of Science in Finance from Northeastern University. He has earned the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation and is a member of CFA Society Boston, Inc.
Sean Lussier is a Vice President of SSGA and the Adviser and a Senior Portfolio Manager in the North America Cash Management Group within the Global Fixed Income, Cash and Currency Team. He has experience in managing registered taxable and tax-exempt money market funds, as well as U.S. and Canada domiciled separately managed cash and securities lending mandates. He has also been a member of the Global Fixed Income Beta Solutions Group and was responsible for the transition and management of several Canadian passive fixed income strategies. Prior to joining SSGA, Mr. Lussier worked as an account manager at State Street Bank and Trust where his primary responsibilities were the custody and accounting operations of the SSGA money market and securities lending collateral accounts. He holds a Bachelor of Science from Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts.
Additional information about the portfolio managers' compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers' ownership of the Portfolio is available in the Part B.
The Administrator, Sub-Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent
The Adviser serves as administrator of the Portfolio. State Street, a subsidiary of State Street Corporation, serves as sub-administrator, custodian and transfer agent for the Portfolio. The Portfolio pays an annual fee that is accrued daily and payable monthly for the administration, sub-administration, custody and transfer agency services SSGA FM and State Street provide. For its role in providing administrative services to the Portfolio, the Adviser receives a portion of such fee paid by the Portfolio at the annual rate of 0.00075%.
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Additional Information
The Trustees of the Trust oversee generally the operations of the Portfolio and the Trust. The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Portfolio's investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent, and accountants, who provide services to the Portfolio. Investors are not parties to any such contractual arrangements or intended beneficiaries of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any investor any right to enforce them directly against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them directly against the service providers.
This Part A provides information concerning the Trust and the Portfolio that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Portfolio. Neither this Part A, nor the related Part B, is intended, or should be read, to be or to give rise to an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Portfolio and any investor, or to give rise to any rights in any investor or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived.
Advisory Fee
As compensation for the Adviser's services to the Portfolio, the Portfolio is obligated to pay a fee of 0.025% of its average daily net assets. The Portfolio's investment adviser, SSGA FM, is contractually obligated until April 30, 2024 (i) to waive up to the full amount of the advisory fee payable by the Portfolio and/or (ii) to reimburse the Portfolio for expenses to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (exclusive of non-recurring account fees and/or extraordinary expenses) exceed 0.042% of average daily net assets on an annual basis. This waiver and/or reimbursement may not be terminated prior to April 30, 2024 except with approval of the Board.
Capital Stock
Shares of the Trust are not registered under the 1933 Act or the securities law of any state and are sold in reliance upon exemptions from registration under such laws. Shares may not be transferred or resold without registration under the 1933 Act, except pursuant to an exemption from registration. However, shares of the Trust may be redeemed on any Business Day in accordance with the terms of the Trust's Master Trust Agreement and the Confidential Offering Memorandum relating to the Portfolio provided to shareholders.
Item 11. Shareholder Information
There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment amount for the Portfolio. Shares of Portfolio II are only offered to, and may only be held by, Lending Funds. Shares of Portfolio II are available for purchase each Business Day. Purchases are effected on behalf of a Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as securities lending agent for the Lending Fund. All Shares of Portfolio II are purchased at the NAV per share of the Portfolio next determined after the purchase is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent and determined to be in good order. Shares of Portfolio II may be redeemed on each Business Day at the NAV per share of the Portfolio next determined after the redemption is communicated to the Trust's transfer agent. Redemptions are effected on behalf of a Lending Fund by State Street, in its capacity as lending agent for the Lending Fund. The Portfolio observes the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
With the exceptions noted below, the Portfolio values its investment portfolio at market value. This generally means that securities listed and traded principally on any national securities exchange are valued on the basis of the last sale price or, lacking any sales, at the closing bid price on the primary exchange on which the security is traded. United States securities traded principally over-the-counter and options are valued on the basis of the last reported bid price.
Because many fixed-income securities do not trade each day, last sale or bid prices are frequently not available. Therefore, fixed-income securities may be valued using prices provided by a pricing service when such prices are determined by the Adviser to reflect the market value of such securities.
International securities traded over the counter are valued on the basis of best bid or official bid, as determined by the relevant securities exchange. In the absence of a last sale or best or official bid price, such securities may be valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service if those prices are believed to reflect the market value of such securities.
The Portfolio calculates its NAV per share to two decimal places. The NAV per share of the Portfolio is determined once each Business Day as of 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time on a scheduled trading day on the NYSE, except for Columbus Day
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and Veterans Day. In unusual circumstances, such as an emergency or an unscheduled close or halt of trading on the NYSE, the time at which share prices are determined may be changed.
If the Portfolio receives a redemption order in good form prior to 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time on a Business Day, the Portfolio typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on that day regardless of the method the Portfolio uses to make such payment. If a redemption order is placed after 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time, the Portfolio typically expects to pay out redemption proceeds on the next Business Day. The Portfolio reserves the right to pay for redeemed shares within seven days after receiving a redemption order if, in the judgment of the Adviser, an earlier payment could adversely affect the Portfolio.
The transfer agent may temporarily delay for more than seven days the disbursement of redemption proceeds from the Portfolio account of a Specified Adult(as defined in Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) Rule 2165) based on a reasonable belief that financial exploitation of the Specified Adult has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted, subject to certain conditions.
Under normal circumstances, Portfolio II expects to meet redemption requests by using cash or cash equivalents in its portfolio and/or selling portfolio assets to generate cash. Portfolio II also may pay redemption proceeds using cash obtained through borrowing arrangements that may be available from time to time.
Portfolio II may pay all or a portion of your redemption proceeds by giving you securities (for example, if the Portfolio reasonably believes that a cash redemption may have a substantial impact on Portfolio II and its remaining shareholders). A redemption is generally a taxable event for shareholders, regardless of whether the redemption is satisfied in cash or in kind. You may pay transaction costs (including through the realization of taxable gain) to dispose of the securities, and you may receive less for them than the price at which they were valued for purposes of the redemption. In addition, you will be subject to the market risks associated with such securities until such time as you choose to dispose of the security.
During periods of deteriorating or stressed market conditions, when an increased portion of the Portfolio's portfolio may be comprised of less-liquid investments, or during extraordinary or emergency circumstances, Portfolio II may be more likely to pay redemption proceeds with cash obtained through short-term borrowing arrangements (if available) or by giving you securities.
In accordance with certain federal regulations, the Trust is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each entity that applies to open an account, including, in certain cases, information concerning such entity's beneficial owners. For this reason, when you open (or change ownership of) an account, the Trust will request certain information, including your name, address and taxpayer identification number, which will be used to verify your identity. If you are unable to provide sufficient information to verify your identity, the Trust will not open an account for you. As required by law, the Trust may employ various procedures, such as comparing your information to fraud databases or requesting additional information and documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct. The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase for any reason, including failure to provide the Trust with information necessary to confirm your identity as required by law.
Dividends and Distributions
Dividends on shares of Portfolio II will be declared and paid daily from Portfolio II's net investment income. Distributions of net short- and long-term capital gains, if any, will be made at least annually. Dividends will be processed pursuant to the securities lending authorization agreement between the Lending Fund and State Street. Generally, distributions will be declared and paid in December, if required, for Portfolio II to avoid imposition of a federal excise tax on undistributed capital gains. Portfolio II does not expect to realize any significant long-term capital gains or losses.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Portfolio Shares
The Board has not adopted market timing policies and procedures with respect to the Portfolio. The Board has evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Portfolio II's shareholders and has determined that due to the (i) nature of Portfolio II's portfolio holdings, (ii) nature of Portfolio II's shareholders, (iii) inability of Portfolio II's shareholders to exchange
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into other mutual funds, and (iv) inability of Portfolio II's shareholders to direct transactions because cash moves in and out of Portfolio II as securities are lent and returned, it is unlikely that (a) market timing would be attempted by Portfolio II's shareholders or (b) any attempts to market time Portfolio II by shareholders would result in a negative impact to Portfolio II or its shareholders.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Status
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to an investment in Portfolio II. Your investment in Portfolio II may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about federal, state, local, foreign or other tax laws applicable to you.
Portfolio II has elected to be treated as a regulated investment companyunder Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) and intends each year to qualify and to be eligible to be treated as such. A regulated investment company generally is not subject to tax at the corporate level on income and gains that are timely distributed to shareholders. In order to qualify and be eligible for treatment as a regulated investment company, Portfolio II must, among other things, satisfy diversification, qualifying income and distribution requirements. Portfolio II's failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would result in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
If Portfolio II fails to distribute in a calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for such year and substantially all of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 (or for the one-year period ending November 30 or December 31 if Portfolio II is eligible to elect and so elects), plus any retained amount from the prior year, Portfolio II will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. A dividend paid to shareholders by Portfolio II in January of a year is generally deemed to have been paid by Portfolio II on December 31 of the preceding year, if the distribution was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year. The Portfolio intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax although there can be no assurance it will do so. In addition, if Portfolio II were to qualify as a personal holding company,it may have to comply with additional requirements with respect to its distributions to shareholders in order to avoid the fund-level tax under the personal holding company rules of the Code.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains generally are determined by how long Portfolio II owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long you have owned your shares. Distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) from the sale of investments that Portfolio II owned for more than one year that are properly reported by Portfolio II as capital gain dividends generally will be treated as long-term capital gain includible in your net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Department of the Treasury have issued regulations that impose special rules in respect of capital gain dividends received through partnership interests constituting applicable partnership interests under Section 1061 of the Code. Portfolio II does not expect to realize any significant long-term capital gains or losses. Distributions of gains from investments that Portfolio II owned for one year or less generally will be taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions are taxable to you even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Portfolio before your investment (and thus were included in the price you paid for your shares). Distributions may also be subject to state, local or foreign taxes and are taxable whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.
Gain, if any, resulting from the redemption of Portfolio II shares generally will also be taxable to you as either short-term or long-term capital gain, depending upon how long you held such Portfolio II shares, except that, as and where Portfolio II is not a publicly offeredregulated investment company (as described below), in certain circumstances, it is possible that the proceeds of a redemption of Portfolio II shares may be taxable as dividend income or a return of capital. Investors in Portfolio II will not be eligible for the tax treatment afforded to investments in money market funds, which (i) permits money market fund shareholders to use a simplified method of accounting for gains and losses realized in their money market fund shares, allowing such shareholders essentially to compute gain or loss on such shares by aggregating all purchase and sales within any taxable year, and (ii) generally excepts such sales from the wash-sale rule of the Code.
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A regulated investment company is considered publicly offeredif its shares are continuously offered pursuant to a public offering, its shares are regularly traded on an established securities exchange, or it has at least 500 shareholders at all times during a taxable year. Because shares of Portfolio II are not so registered or traded, and Portfolio II is not expected to have at least 500 shareholders at all times during the taxable year, a portion or all the proceeds of redemptions of Portfolio II shares may be treated as dividends. If a shareholder redeems fewer than all of its shares, such shareholder may be treated as having received a distribution under Section 301 of the Code (a Section 301 distribution) unless the redemption is treated as being either (i) substantially disproportionatewith respect to such shareholder by satisfying certain numerical tests relating to the reduction in the redeeming shareholder's percentage interest, and percentage voting interest, in Portfolio II, or (ii) otherwise not essentially equivalent to a dividendunder the relevant rules of the Code. For any period during which Portfolio II has a single shareholder, all redemption distributions will be treated as Section 301 distributions. A Section 301 distribution is not treated as a sale or exchange giving rise to a capital gain or loss, but rather is treated as a dividend to the extent supported by Portfolio II's current and accumulated earnings and profits, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the shareholder's tax basis in Portfolio II shares, and thereafter as capital gain.
In addition, in the event Portfolio II is not considered publicly offered, certain shareholders will be deemed to receive distributions equal to their allocable shares of certain expenses paid by Portfolio II. Very generally, expenses that are deemed distributed by Portfolio II include those paid or incurred during a calendar year that are deductible in determining Portfolio II's investment company taxable income for a taxable year beginning or ending within that calendar year, including in particular its advisory fee, but excluding those expenses incurred by virtue of Portfolio II's organization as a registered investment company (such as its registration fees, trustees' fees, expenses of periodic trustees' and shareholders' meetings, transfer agent fees, certain legal and accounting fees, the expenses of shareholder communications required by law, and certain other expenses). Shareholders of Portfolio II that will be deemed to have received distributions of such expenses include (i) individuals taxable in the U.S. or persons calculating their taxable income in the same way as do such individuals and (ii) pass-through entities having such an individual or person or another pass-through entity as an interest holder or beneficiary. Such deemed distributions of expenses are not deductible under current law by those direct or indirect shareholders who are individuals (or entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as an individual). The deemed distributions of expenses could as a result increase a shareholder's net taxes owed, lowering Portfolio II's effective yield with respect to such a shareholder.
An additional 3.8% Medicare contribution tax is imposed on the net investment incomeof individuals, estates and trusts to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends paid by the Portfolio, including any capital gain dividends, and net gains recognized on the redemption or other taxable disposition of shares of the Portfolio.
Portfolio II's income from or the proceeds of dispositions of its investments in non-U.S. assets may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes, which will reduce the yield on those investments. Shareholders generally will not be entitled separately to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes incurred by the Portfolio. If shareholders are not entitled to claim such a credit or deduction, the Portfolio's taxable income will be reduced by the foreign taxes paid or withheld. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in the Portfolio through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by Portfolio II, if any.
Certain of Portfolio II's investment practices, including derivative transactions and investments in debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount, will be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions. These special rules may affect the timing, character, and/or amount of Portfolio II's distributions, and may require Portfolio II to sell its investments at a time when it is not advantageous to do so.
If you are not a U.S. person, dividends paid by Portfolio II that Portfolio II properly reports as capital gain dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, or interest-related dividends are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax, provided that certain other requirements are met. Portfolio II is permitted, but is not required, to report any part of its dividends as are eligible for such treatment. Portfolio II's dividends other than those Portfolio II so reports as capital gain dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, or interest-related dividends generally will be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate (or lower applicable treaty rate).
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The U.S. Treasury and IRS generally require Portfolio II to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each shareholder under Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a foreign government.
Cost Basis Reporting. U.S. Treasury regulations mandate cost basis reporting to shareholders and the IRS for redemptions of Portfolio II shares. With respect to shares acquired and held directly through Portfolio II and not through a financial intermediary, Portfolio II will use a default average cost basis methodology for tracking and reporting cost basis on Portfolio II shares, unless another cost basis reporting methodology is requested in writing.
Item 12. Distribution Arrangements
Shares of Portfolio II are being offered primarily to Lending Funds in connection with the State Street Securities Lending Program. Shares of Portfolio II are sold in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offeringwithin the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. Shares of the Trust are sold directly by the Trust without a distributor and are not subject to a sales load or redemption fee. Assets of Portfolio II are not subject to fees permitted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
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PART B
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
State Street Navigator Securities Lending Government Money Market Portfolio
One Iron Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02210
(877) 521-4083
April 30, 2023
ITEM 14. COVER PAGE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS
State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust (the Trust) is a registered open-end management investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust offering shares of beneficial interest in separate investment portfolios. Each series of the Trust is diversified as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) and is subject to the procedural and substantive requirements of the 1940 Act.
This Part B of the Registration Statement (the Part B) relates to the information contained in Part A of the Trust's Registration Statement dated April 30, 2023 as further amended from time to time thereafter for the State Street Navigator Securities Lending Government Money Market Portfolio (the Government Money Market Portfolio or the Portfolio).
This Part B is not a Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Part A and the Confidential Offering Memorandum relating to the Portfolio, which may be obtained by telephoning or writing the Trust at the number or address shown above.
The Portfolio's audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, including the independent registered public accounting firm's report thereon, are included in the Trust's Annual Report to Shareholders, which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on March 8, 2023, and are incorporated into this Part B by reference. A copy of the Annual Report is available, without charge, upon request, by calling (collect calls are accepted) the number shown above.
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ITEM 15. TRUST HISTORY
The Trust was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on June 15, 1995. Effective October 5, 2016, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Prime Portfolio was renamed State Street Navigator Securities Lending Government Money Market Portfolio.
ITEM 16. DESCRIPTION OF THE PORTFOLIO AND ITS INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The Portfolio is an open-end, diversified, management investment company. The Portfolio's Part A contains information about the investment objective and policies of the Portfolio. This Part B should only be read in conjunction with the Part A of the Portfolio. In addition to the principal investment strategies and the principal risks of the Portfolio described in Part A, the Portfolio may employ other investment practices and may be subject to additional risks, which are described below.
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS AND RISKS
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and restrictions, the Portfolio may invest in the following instruments and use the following techniques, and is subject to the following additional risks.
Custodial Risk
There are risks involved in dealing with the custodians or brokers who hold the Portfolio's investments or settle the Portfolio's trades. It is possible that, in the event of the insolvency or bankruptcy of a custodian or broker, the Portfolio would be delayed or prevented from recovering its assets from the custodian or broker, or its estate, and may have only a general unsecured claim against the custodian or broker for those assets. In recent insolvencies of brokers or other financial institutions, the ability of certain customers to recover their assets from the insolvent's estate has been delayed, limited, or prevented, often unpredictably, and there is no assurance that any assets held by the Portfolio with a custodian or broker will be readily recoverable by the Portfolio. In addition, there may be limited recourse against non-U.S. sub-custodians in those situations in which the Portfolio invests in markets where custodial and/or settlement systems and regulations are not fully developed, including emerging markets, and the assets of the Portfolio have been entrusted to such sub-custodians. SSGA FM or an affiliate may serve as the custodian of the Portfolio.
Forward Commitments
The Portfolio may enter into contracts to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time (forward commitments), consistent with the Portfolio's ability to manage its investment portfolio, meet redemption requests, and maintain a stable net asset value (NAV). Forward commitments may be considered securities in themselves, and involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in the value of the Portfolio's other assets. Where such purchases are made through dealers, the Portfolio relies on the dealer to consummate the sale. The dealer's failure to do so may result in the loss to the Portfolio of an advantageous yield or price.
Although the Portfolio will generally enter into forward commitments with the intention of acquiring securities for its portfolio or for delivery pursuant to options contracts it has entered into, the Portfolio may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if the Adviser deems it appropriate to do so. The Portfolio may realize short-term profits or losses upon the sale of forward commitments. Forward commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, or if the other party fails to complete the transaction.
Government Mortgage-Related Securities
The Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA or Ginnie Mae) is the principal federal government guarantor of mortgage-related securities. GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-related securities. GNMA pass-through securities are considered to have a relatively low risk of default in that (1) the underlying mortgage loan portfolio is comprised entirely of government-backed loans and (2) the timely payment of both principal and interest on the securities is guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, regardless of whether they have been collected. GNMA pass-through securities are, however, subject to the same interest rate risk as comparable privately issued mortgage-related securities. Therefore, the effective maturity and market value of the Portfolio's GNMA securities can be expected to fluctuate in response to changes in interest rate levels.
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Residential mortgage loans are also pooled by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC or Freddie Mac), a corporate instrumentality of the U.S. Government. The mortgage loans in FHLMC's portfolio are not government backed; FHLMC, not the U.S. Government, guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on FHLMC securities. FHLMC also issues guaranteed mortgage certificates, on which it guarantees semiannual interest payments and a specified minimum annual payment of principal.
The Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA or Fannie Mae) is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers, which include savings and loan associations, savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest only by FNMA, not the U.S. Government.
Illiquid Securities
The Portfolio may invest in illiquid securities. The absence of a regular trading market for illiquid securities imposes additional risks on investments in these securities. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value and may often be disposed of only after considerable expense and delay. The Portfolio is managed in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). As a result, the Portfolio has adopted the following liquidity policies (except as noted):
1. The Portfolio may not purchase an illiquid security if, immediately after purchase, the Portfolio would have invested more than 5% of its total assets in illiquid securities (securities that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the market value ascribed to them by the Portfolio);
2. The Portfolio may not purchase a security other than a security offering daily liquidity if, immediately after purchase, the Portfolio would have invested less than 10% of its total assets in securities offering daily liquidity (includes securities that mature or are subject to demand within one business day, cash, direct U.S. Government obligations or amounts receivable and due unconditionally within one business day on pending sales of portfolio securities); and
3. The Portfolio may not purchase a security other than a security offering weekly liquidity if, immediately after purchase, the Portfolio would have invested less than 30% of its total assets in securities offering weekly liquidity (includes securities that mature or are subject to demand within five business days, cash, direct U.S. Government obligations, Government agency discount notes with remaining maturities of 60 days or less or amounts receivable and due unconditionally within five business days on pending sales of portfolio securities).
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk
The Portfolio is subject to the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, epidemics or pandemics and systemic market dislocations may be highly disruptive to economies and markets. Those events, as well as other changes in non-U.S. and domestic economic and political conditions, also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Portfolio's investments. Given the increasing interdependence between global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region might adversely impact markets, issuers and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. Continuing uncertainty as to the status of the Euro and the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the EMU) has created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU, or any continued uncertainty as to its status, could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Portfolio's investments. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) formally withdrew from the European Union (EU) (commonly known as Brexit). An agreement between the UK and the EU governing their future trade relationship became effective January 1, 2021, but critical aspects of the relationship remain unresolved and subject to further negotiation and agreement. There is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences associated with the exit, including whether the U.K.'s exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU. Brexit may have a significant impact on the U.K., Europe, and global economies, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth in markets in the U.K., Europe and globally, which may adversely affect the value of the Portfolio's investments.
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Securities markets may be susceptible to market manipulation (e.g., the potential manipulation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)) or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the value of investments traded in these markets, including investments of the Portfolio.
Many financial instruments use or may use a floating rate based on LIBOR, which is the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks. In 2017, the UK Financial Conduct Authority announced its intention to cease compelling banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR after 2021. ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator of LIBOR, ceased publication of most LIBOR settings on a representative basis at the end of 2021 and is expected to cease publication of a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on a representative basis after June 30, 2023. In addition, global regulators have announced that, with limited exceptions, no new LIBOR-based contracts should be entered into after 2021.
The transition away from and elimination of LIBOR may adversely affect the interest rates on, and value of, certain investments for which the value is tied to LIBOR. Such investments may include bank loans, derivatives, floating rate securities, and other assets or liabilities tied to LIBOR. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR and the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate for GBP LIBOR). Various financial industry groups have been planning for the transition away from LIBOR. The U.S. Federal Reserve, based on the recommendations of the New York Federal Reserve's Alternative Reference Rate Committee (comprised of major derivative market participants and their regulators), has begun publishing a Secured Overnight Funding Rate (SOFR), that is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR. Proposals for alternative reference rates for other currencies have also been announced or have already begun publication. Markets are slowly developing in response to these new rates. Questions around liquidity impacted by these rates, and how to appropriately adjust these rates at the time of transition, remain a concern for the Portfolio.
The effect of any changes to, or discontinuation of, LIBOR on the Portfolio will vary depending on, among other things, (1) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (2) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products and instruments. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on the Portfolio until new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products, instruments and contracts are commercially accepted.
Recent political activity in the U.S. has increased the risk that the U.S. could default on some or any of its obligations. While it is impossible to predict the consequences of such an unprecedented event, it is likely that a default by the U.S. would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the Portfolio's investments. Similarly, political events within the U.S. at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of the Portfolio investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the U.S. or other securities markets.
To the extent the Portfolio has focused its investments in the stock market index of a particular region, adverse geopolitical and other events could have a disproportionate impact on the Portfolio.
Market Turbulence Resulting from COVID-19
An outbreak of a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus first detected in China in December 2019 has spread globally. In an organized attempt to contain and mitigate the effects of the spread of the coronavirus known as COVID-19, governments and businesses world-wide have taken aggressive measures, including closing borders, restricting international and domestic travel, and the imposition of prolonged quarantines of large populations. Although the long-term effects of COVID-19 are difficult to predict, it has resulted in, and may continue to result in, the disruption of and delays in the delivery of healthcare services and processes, the cancellation of organized events and educational institutions, the disruption of production and supply chains, a decline in consumer demand for certain goods and services, and general concern and uncertainty, all of which have contributed to, and may continue to contribute to, increased volatility in global markets. The continuing effects of COVID-19 may affect certain sectors and industries more dramatically than others, which may adversely affect the value of a Portfolio's investments in those sectors or industries. COVID-19, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could adversely affect the economies of many nations, the global economy, individual companies and capital markets in ways that cannot be foreseen at the present time. In addition, the impact of infectious diseases in developing or emerging market countries may be greater due to limited health care resources. Political, economic and social stresses caused by COVID-19 also may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries. The duration of COVID-19 and its effects cannot be determined at this time, but the effects could be present for an extended period of time.
5

Mortgage-Related Securities
The Portfolio may invest in mortgage-related securities. Mortgage-related securities represent an interest in a pool of, or are secured by, mortgage loans. Mortgage-related securities may be issued or guaranteed by (i) U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities such as GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC or (ii) other issuers, including private companies.
Many mortgage-related securities provide regular payments, which consist of interest and, in most cases, principal. In contrast, other forms of debt securities normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. In effect, payments on many mortgage-related securities are a pass-through of the payments made by the individual borrowers on their mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities.
Besides the scheduled repayment of principal, repayments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans. If property owners make unscheduled prepayments of their mortgage loans, these prepayments will typically result in early payment of the applicable mortgage-related securities. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by a variety of factors, including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage, and other social and demographic conditions. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments tends to increase, thereby tending to decrease the life of mortgage-related securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments usually decreases, thereby tending to increase the life of mortgage-related securities.
Because of the possibility of prepayments (and due to scheduled repayments of principal), mortgage-related securities are less effective than other types of securities as a means of locking in attractive long-term interest rates. Prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower rates. As a result, these securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayments may also significantly shorten the effective maturities of these securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturities of these securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing the volatility of the Portfolio.
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) may be issued by a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality or by a private issuer. CMOs are typically structured with classes or series that have different maturities and are generally retired in sequence. Each class of obligations receives periodic interest payments according to its terms. However, monthly principal payments and any prepayments from the collateral pool are generally paid first to the holders of the most senior class. Thereafter, payments of principal are generally allocated to the next most senior class of obligations until that class of obligations has been fully repaid. Any or all classes of obligations of a CMO may be paid off sooner than expected because of an increase in the payoff speed of the pool. Changes in prepayment rates may have significant effects on the values and the volatility of the various classes and series of a CMO. Payment of interest or principal on some classes or series of a CMO may be subject to contingencies or some classes or series may bear some or all of the risk of default on the underlying mortgages.
Stripped mortgage-related securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage loans. The yield to maturity on an interest only or IO class of stripped mortgage-related securities is extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying assets. A rapid rate of principal prepayments may have a measurable adverse effect on a Portfolio's yield to maturity to the extent it invests in IOs. If the assets underlying the IO experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Portfolio may fail to recoup fully, or at all, its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, principal only securities or POs tend to increase in value if prepayments are greater than anticipated and decline if prepayments are slower than anticipated. The secondary market for stripped mortgage-related securities may be more volatile and less liquid than that for other mortgage-related securities, potentially limiting a Portfolio's ability to buy or sell those securities at any particular time.
Repurchase Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements with banks, other financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, and other institutional counterparties. Under a repurchase agreement, the Portfolio purchases securities from a financial institution that agrees to repurchase the securities at the Portfolio's original purchase price plus interest within a specified time. The Portfolio will limit repurchase transactions to those member banks of the Federal Reserve System, broker-
6

dealers and other financial institutions whose creditworthiness the Adviser considers satisfactory. Should the counterparty to a transaction fail financially, the Portfolio may encounter delay and incur costs before being able to sell the securities, or may be prevented from realizing on the securities. Further, the amount realized upon the sale of the securities may be less than that necessary to fully compensate the Portfolio.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into reverse repurchase agreements, which are a form of borrowing, under the circumstances described in Fundamental Investment Restrictions. Under reverse repurchase agreements, the Portfolio transfers possession of portfolio securities to financial institutions in return for cash in an amount equal to a percentage of the portfolio securities' market value and agrees to repurchase the securities at a future date by repaying the cash with interest. The Portfolio retains the right to receive interest and principal payments from the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities sold by the Portfolio may decline below the price at which it is obligated to repurchase the securities. If the other party or seller defaults, a Portfolio might suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the underlying securities and other collateral held by the Portfolio are less than the repurchase price and the Portfolio's cost associated with delay and enforcement of the repurchase agreement. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy of the seller, the Portfolio could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Portfolio's interest in the collateral is not enforceable.
Rule 144A Securities
The Portfolio may invest in Rule 144A securities. Rule 144A securities generally must be sold only to other institutional investors. Rule 144A securities will not be considered illiquid for purposes of the Portfolio's percentage limitations on illiquid securities when the Adviser (pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Portfolio's Board of Trustees (the Board and each member thereof, a Trustee)) determines that a liquid trading market exists for the securities in question. There can be no assurance that a liquid trading market will exist at any time for any particular Rule 144A securities.
Russia Sanctions Risk
Sanctions threatened or imposed by a number of jurisdictions, including the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom, and other intergovernmental actions that have been or may be undertaken in the future, against Russia, Russian entities or Russian individuals, may result in the devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country's credit rating, an immediate freeze of Russian assets, a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests, and/or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy or a Portfolio. The scope and scale of sanctions in place at a particular time may be expanded or otherwise modified in a way that have negative effects on a Portfolio. Sanctions, or the threat of new or modified sanctions, could impair the ability of a Portfolio to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver or otherwise transact in certain affected securities or other investment instruments. Sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or other actions in response, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. These sanctions, and the resulting disruption of the Russian economy, may cause volatility in other regional and global markets and may negatively impact the performance of various sectors and industries, as well as companies in other countries, which could have a negative effect on the performance of a Portfolio, even if a Portfolio does not have direct exposure to securities of Russian issuers. As a collective result of the imposition of sanctions, Russian government countermeasures and the impact that they have had on the trading markets for Russian securities, certain Portfolios have used, and may in the future use, fair valuation procedures approved by the Portfolio's Board to value certain Russian securities, which could result in such securities being deemed to have a zero value.
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities
The Portfolio may invest in Inflation-Protection Securities (TIPSs), a type of inflation-indexed Treasury security. TIPSs typically provide for semiannual payments of interest and a payment of principal at maturity. In general, each payment will be adjusted to take into account any inflation or deflation that occurs between the issue date of the security and the payment date based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers.
Each semiannual payment of interest will be determined by multiplying a single fixed rate of interest by the inflation-adjusted principal amount of the security for the date of the interest payment. Thus, although the interest rate will be fixed, the amount of each interest payment will vary with changes in the principal of the security as adjusted for inflation and deflation.
7

TIPSs also provide for an additional payment (a minimum guarantee payment) at maturity if the security's inflation-adjusted principal amount for the maturity date is less than the security's principal amount at issuance. The amount of the additional payment will equal the excess of the security's principal amount at issuance over the security's inflation-adjusted principal amount for the maturity date.
U.S. Government Securities
The Portfolio may purchase U.S. Government securities. The types of U.S. Government obligations in which the Portfolio may at times invest include: (1) U.S. Treasury obligations and (2) obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities which are supported by any of the following: (a) the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, (b) the right of the issuer to borrow an amount limited to a specific line of credit from the U.S. Treasury, (c) discretionary authority of the U.S. Government agency or instrumentality, or (d) the credit of the instrumentality (examples of agencies and instrumentalities are: Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration, Federal Farm Credit Bank, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, General Services Administration, Maritime Administration, Tennessee Development Bank, Asian-American Development Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Federal National Mortgage Association). No assurance can be given that in the future the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government securities it is not obligated to support.
The Portfolio may purchase U.S. Government obligations on a forward commitment basis.
Variable Amount Master Demand Notes
The Portfolio may invest in variable amount master demand notes, which are unsecured obligations that are redeemable upon demand and are typically unrated. These instruments are issued pursuant to written agreements between their issuers and holders. The agreements permit the holders to increase (subject to an agreed maximum) and the holders and issuers to decrease the principal amount of the notes, and specify that the rate of interest payable on the principal fluctuates according to an agreed formula. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a smaller effect on the market value of these securities than on the market value of comparable fixed income obligations. Thus, investing in these securities generally allows less opportunity for capital appreciation and depreciation than investing in comparable fixed income securities. There may be no active secondary market with respect to a particular variable rate instrument.
Variable and Floating Rate Securities
The Portfolio may invest in variable and floating rate securities. In general, variable rate securities are instruments issued or guaranteed by entities such as (1) U.S. Government, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, (2) corporations, (3) financial institutions, (4) insurance companies or (5) trusts that have a rate of interest subject to adjustment at regular intervals. A variable rate security provides for the automatic establishment of a new interest rate on set dates. Interest rates on these securities are ordinarily tied to widely recognized market rates, which are typically set once a day. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a smaller effect on the market value of variable and floating rate securities than on the market value of comparable fixed income obligations. Variable rate obligations will be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate.
When-Issued Securities
The Portfolio may purchase securities on a when-issued basis. Delivery of and payment for these securities may take place as long as a month or more after the date of the purchase commitment. The value of these securities is subject to market fluctuation during this period, and no income accrues to the Portfolio until settlement takes place. To the extent required by law, the Portfolio segregates liquid securities in an amount at least equal to these commitments. For the purpose of determining the adequacy of these securities, the segregated securities will be valued at market. If the market value of such securities declines, additional cash or securities will be segregated on the Portfolio's records on a daily basis so that the market value of the account will equal the amount of such commitments by the Portfolio. When entering into a when-issued transaction, the Portfolio will rely on the other party to consummate the transaction; if the other party fails to do so, the Portfolio may be disadvantaged. The Portfolio will not invest more than 25% of its net assets in when-issued securities.
8

Securities purchased on a when-issued basis and held by the Portfolio are subject to changes in market value based upon actual or perceived changes in the level of interest rates. Generally, the value of such securities will fluctuate inversely to changes in interest rates — i.e., they will appreciate in value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Therefore, if, in order to achieve higher interest income, the Portfolio remains substantially fully invested at the same time that it has purchased securities on a when-issued basis, there will be a greater possibility of fluctuation in the Portfolio's NAV.
Zero-Coupon Securities
The Portfolio may invest in zero-coupon securities. Zero-coupon securities are notes, bonds and debentures that: (1) do not pay current interest and are issued at a substantial discount from par value; (2) have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons and receipts; or (3) pay no interest until a stated date one or more years into the future. These securities also include certificates representing interests in such stripped coupons and receipts. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a greater impact on the market value of a zero-coupon security than on the market value of the comparable securities that pay interest periodically during the life of the instrument. In the case of any zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are treated as issued originally at a discount, the Portfolio will be required to accrue original issue discount (OID) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and may as a result be required to pay out as an income distribution an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Portfolio actually received. The Portfolio may be required to sell investments in order to meet such distribution requirements, including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so.
The Portfolio may invest no more than 25% of its total assets in stripped securities that have been stripped by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. A number of securities firms and banks have stripped the interest coupons and resold them in custodian receipt programs with different names. Privately-issued stripped securities are not themselves guaranteed by the U.S. Government, but the future payment of principal or interest on U.S. Treasury obligations which they represent is so guaranteed.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions
The Trust has adopted the following fundamental investment policies with respect to the Portfolio, which may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the shareholders of the Portfolio. A majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act to mean the affirmative vote of the lesser of: (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a portfolio; and (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present at the meeting in person or by proxy. The Portfolio may not:
1.
Borrow money, except as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes or to facilitate redemptions (not for leveraging or investment), provided that borrowing does not exceed an amount equal to 33 1/3% of the current value of the Portfolio's assets taken at market value, less liabilities, other than borrowings. If, at any time, the Portfolio's borrowings exceed this limitation due to a decline in net assets, such borrowings will, within three days, be reduced to the extent necessary to comply with this limitation. The Portfolio will not purchase investments once borrowed funds (including reverse repurchase agreements) exceed 5% of its total assets.
2.
Make loans to any person or firm; provided, however, that the making of a loan shall not include (i) the acquisition for investment of bonds, debentures, notes or other evidence of indebtedness that is publicly distributed or of a type customarily purchased by institutional investors, or (ii) entering into repurchase agreements, and provided further that the Portfolio may lend its portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other institutional investors if the aggregate value of all securities loaned does not exceed 33 1/3% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets.
3.
Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except that the Portfolio will not be deemed to be an underwriter or to be underwriting on account of the purchase or sale of securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on disposition.
4.
Issue senior securities, except as permitted by its investment objective, policies and restrictions, and except as permitted by the 1940 Act.
5.
Invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in securities of companies primarily engaged in any one industry (other than the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities); provided, however, that concentration may occur as a result of changes in the market value of portfolio securities and from investments in bankers' acceptances, certificates of deposit, time deposits and other similar instruments issued by foreign and domestic branches of U.S. and foreign banks.
9

6.
With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest in securities of any one issuer (other than securities issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities and shares of investment companies), if immediately thereafter and as a result of such investment (i) the current market value of the Portfolio's holdings in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Portfolio's assets or (ii) the Portfolio owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer.
7.
Purchase or sell real estate or real estate mortgage loans; provided, however, that the Portfolio may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein.
8.
Invest in commodities, except that the Portfolio may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon.
The concentration policy of the Portfolio (as set forth in Investment Restriction No. 5, above) permits the Portfolio to invest, without limit (other than any investment limitation described herein), in bankers' acceptances, certificates of deposit, time deposits and similar instruments issued by (i) U.S. banks, (ii) U.S. branches of foreign banks (in circumstances in which the U.S. branches of foreign banks are subject to the same regulation as U.S. banks), (iii) foreign branches of U.S. banks (in circumstances in which the Portfolio will have recourse to the U.S. bank for the obligations of the foreign branch), and (iv) foreign branches of foreign banks to the extent that the Adviser determines that the foreign branches of foreign banks are subject to the same or substantially similar regulations as U.S. banks. The Portfolio may concentrate in such instruments when, in the opinion of the Adviser, the yield, marketability and availability of investments meeting the Portfolio's quality standards in the banking industry justify any additional risks associated with the concentration of the Portfolio's assets in such industry.
If concentration in an industry (other than as contemplated by Investment Restriction No. 5) occurs as a result of changes in the market value of securities held by the Portfolio (including as a result of reductions in the net assets of the Portfolio in connection with the redemptions of shares of the Portfolio), future purchases of securities will be made in a manner that does not increase such concentration and, over time, can be expected to eliminate such concentration.
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The Trust's Policies on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings (Disclosure Policy) are intended to ensure compliance by the Trust's service providers and the Trust with (1) applicable regulations of the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and (2) general principles of fiduciary duty relating to client accounts. The Board must approve all material amendments to this policy and may amend this policy from time to time.
The Trust may disclose the securities holdings of the Portfolio on a daily basis to shareholders and to investors eligible to invest in the Portfolio, provided that those investors (Eligible Investors) are a party to a currently effective securities lending agency agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street). Information regarding holdings of the Portfolio and other online reports are available electronically on a daily basis to shareholders of the Trust and Eligible Investors with a one-day lag through State Street's web portal, www.my.statestreet.com. The Trust may also disclose holdings of the Portfolio (i) to the extent required by law; (ii) to the Trust's service providers who generally need access to such information in the performance of their contractual duties and responsibilities, such as the Trustees of the Trust, the Trust's investment adviser, custodian, fund accountant, administrator, independent public accountants, attorneys, and each of their respective affiliates and advisers, and are subject to duties of confidentiality imposed by law and/or contract; and (iii) to broker-dealers to facilitate trading.
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Board and SSGA FM may, on a case-by-case basis, impose restrictions on the disclosure of portfolio holdings information, including, without limitation, suspension or cessation of disclosure of holdings information of the Trust or the Portfolio.
Waivers of Restrictions
The Disclosure Policy may not be waived, or exceptions made, without the written consent of an officer of the Trust. No waiver or exception may be granted unless the person or entity benefiting thereby agrees in writing to maintain the confidentiality of information disclosed and to use such information solely in connection with its decisions relating to participation in a Securities Lending Program. All waivers and exceptions involving the Trust will be disclosed to the Board no later than its next regularly scheduled quarterly meeting.
10

ITEM 17. MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The Board is responsible for overseeing generally the management, activities and affairs of the Portfolio and has approved contracts with various organizations to provide, among other services, day-to-day management required by the Trust (see the section called Investment Advisory and Other Services). The Board has engaged the Adviser to manage the Portfolio on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operation of the Trust in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable Massachusetts law and regulation, other applicable laws and regulations, and the Second Amended and Restated Master Trust Agreement. The Trustees listed below are also Trustees of the SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Tax-Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund and Elfun Trusts (collectively, the Elfun Funds), State Street Institutional Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc., and their respective series. The following table provides information with respect to each Trustee, including those Trustees who are not considered to be interested as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (the Independent Trustees), and each officer of the Trust.
Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
and Relevant
Experience
Number of
Funds in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee†
Other
Directorships
Held By Trustee
During Past Five
Years
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES
 
PATRICK J. RILEY
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB:1948
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Board
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
4/16 Elected:
6/16
Associate Justice of the
Superior Court,
Commonwealth of
Massachusetts (2002 –
May 2010); Partner,
Riley, Burke & Donahue,
L.L.P. (law firm) (1985 –
2002); Independent
Director, State Street
Global Advisors Europe
Limited (investment
company) (1998 –
present); Independent
Director, SSGA Liquidity
plc (formerly, SSGA
Cash Management Fund
plc) (1998 – present);
Independent Director,
SSGA Fixed Income plc
) (January 2009 –
present); and
Independent Director,
SSGA Qualified Funds
PLC (January 2009 -
2019).
54
Board Director and
Chairman, SPDR
Europe 1PLC Board
(2011 – present); Board
Director and Chairman,
SPDR Europe II, PLC
(2013 – present).
JOHN R. COSTANTINO
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1946
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Qualified
Legal
Compliance
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Elected:
12/18
Senior Advisor to NGN
Capital LLC (January
2020 – present);
Managing General
Partner, NGN Capital
LLC (2006 – December
2019).
54
Director of Kleinfeld
Bridal Corp. (January
2016 – present); Trustee
of Neuroscience
Research Institute (1986
– 2017); Trustee of
Fordham University
(1989 – 1995 and 2001
– 2007) and Trustee
Emeritus (2007 –
present); Trustee and
Independent
Chairperson of GE
Funds (1993 – February
2011); Director,
Muscular Dystrophy
Association (2019 –
present); Trustee of
Gregorian University
Foundation (1992 –
11

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
and Relevant
Experience
Number of
Funds in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee†
Other
Directorships
Held By Trustee
During Past Five
Years
 
 
 
 
 
2007); Chairman of the
Board of Directors,
Vivaldi Biosciences Inc.
(May 2017 - present);
Chairman of the
Supervisory Board,
Vivaldi Biosciences AG.
(May 2017 - present);
Trustee, Gallim Dance
(December 2021 -
present).
MICHAEL A. JESSEE
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1946
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Valuation
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
2/96
Retired; formerly,
President and Chief
Executive Officer of the
Federal Home Loan
Bank of Boston (1989 –
2009); Trustee,
Randolph-Macon
College (2004 – 2016).
54
None
MARGARET MCLAUGHLIN
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1967
Trustee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
9/22
Consultant, Bates Group
(consultants) (2021 –
2023); Consultant,
Madison Dearborn
Partners (private equity)
(2019 – 2020); General
Counsel/CCO, Kramer
Van Kirk Credit
Strategies L.P./Mariana
Systems LLC
(Investment
Adviser/SaaS
Technology) (2011 –
2019).
54
Director, Manning &
Napier Fund Inc (2021 –
2022).
GEORGE M. PEREIRA
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1964
Trustee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
9/22
Chief Operating Officer
(January 2011 –
September 2020) and
Chief Financial Officer
(November 2004 –
September 2020),
Charles Schwab
Investment
Management.
54
Director, Pacific Premier
Bancorp, Pacific Premier
Bank (2021 – present);
Director, Charles
Schwab Asset
Management (Ireland)
Ltd., & Charles Schwab
Worldwide Funds plc.
(2005 – 2020); Director,
Rotaplast International,
Inc. (non-profit providing
free medical services to
children worldwide)
(2012 – 2018).
DONNA M. RAPACCIOLI
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1962
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Audit
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Elected:
12/18
Dean of the Gabelli
School of Business
(2007 – June 2022) and
Accounting Professor
(1987 – present) at
Fordham University.
54
Director- Graduate
Management
Admissions Council
(2015 – present);
Trustee of Emmanuel
College (2010 – 2019).
RICHARD D. SHIRK
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1945
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Nominating
Committee and
Chairperson of
the Governance
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Elected: 7/16
Chairman (March 2001 -
April 2002), President
and Chief Executive
Officer (1996 - March
2001), Cerulean
Companies, Inc. (holding
company) (Retired);
President and Chief
Executive Officer, Blue
Cross Blue Shield of
54
Chairman and Board
Member (1998 -
December 2008) and
Investment Committee
Member (December
2008 - present),
Healthcare Georgia
Foundation (private
foundation); Lead
Director and Board
12

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
and Relevant
Experience
Number of
Funds in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee†
Other
Directorships
Held By Trustee
During Past Five
Years
 
 
 
Georgia (health insurer,
managed healthcare)
(1992 - March 2001).
 
Member, Amerigroup
Corp. (managed health
care) (September 2002
– 2012); Board Member
(1999 - 2013) and
Investment Committee
Member (2001 - 2017),
Woodruff Arts Center;
Trustee, Gettysburg
College (2003 - 2009);
Board member,
Aerocare Holdings
(2003 - January 2021),
Regenesis Biomedical
Inc. (April 2012 -
present).
MARK E. SWANSON
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1963
Trustee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
3/23
Treasurer, Chief
Accounting Officer and
Chief Financial Officer,
Russell Investment
Funds (RIF) (1998 –
2022); Global Head of
Fund Services, Russell
Investments (2013 –
2022); Treasurer, Chief
Accounting Officer and
Chief Financial Officer,
Russell Investment
Company (RIC) (1998
– 2022); President and
Chief Executive Officer,
RIF (2016 – 2017 and
2020 – 2022); President
and Chief Executive
Officer, RIC (2016 –
2017 and 2020 – 2022)
54
Director and President,
Russell Investments
Fund Services, LLC
(2010 – 2023); Director,
Russell Investment
Management, LLC,
Russell Investments
Trust Company and
Russell Investments
Financial Services, LLC
(2010 – 2023).
INTERESTED TRUSTEE(1)
 
ELLEN M. NEEDHAM(2)
SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1967
Trustee and
President
Term:
Indefinite
Elected
President:
9/12 Elected
Trustee:
12/18
Chairman, SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
(March 2020 – present);
President and Director,
SSGA Funds
Management, Inc. (2001
– present)*; Senior
Managing Director, State
Street Global Advisors
(1992 – present)*;
Manager, State Street
Global Advisors Funds
Distributors, LLC (May
2017 – present).
54
Board Director, SSGA
SPDR ETFs Europe I
plc (May 2020—
present); Board Director,
SSGA SPDR ETFs
Europe II plc (May
2020—present).
(1)
The individual listed below is a Trustee who is an interested person, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Trust (Interested Trustee).
(2)
Ms. Needham is an Interested Trustee because of her employment by SSGA Funds Management, Inc., an affiliate of the Trust.
*
Served in various capacities and/or with various affiliated entities during noted time period.
For the purpose of determining the number of portfolios overseen by the Trustees, Fund Complex comprises registered investment companies for which SSGA FM serves as investment adviser.
13

The following lists the principal officers for the Trust, as well as their mailing addresses and ages, positions with the Trust and length of time served, and present and principal occupations:
Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
OFFICERS:
ELLEN M. NEEDHAM
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1967
President and
Trustee
Term: Indefinite
President-
Served: since
9/12 Elected
Trustee: 12/18
Chairman, SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (March
2020—present); President and Director, SSGA Funds
Management, Inc. (2001—present)*; Senior Managing
Director, State Street Global Advisors (1992—present)*;
Manager, State Street Global Advisors Funds
Distributors, LLC (May 2017—present).
BRUCE S. ROSENBERG
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1961
Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/17
Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (July 2015 – present);
Director, Credit Suisse (April 2008 – July 2015).
ANN M. CARPENTER
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1966
Vice President and
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
3/16
Chief Operating Officer, SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
(April 2005 – present)*; Managing Director, State Street
Global Advisors (April 2005 – present).*
CHAD C. HALLETT
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1969
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/17
Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (November 2014 – present).
DARLENE ANDERSON-VASQUEZ
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1968
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
11/16
Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (May 2016 – present);
Senior Vice President, John Hancock Investments
(September 2007 – May 2016).
ARTHUR A. JENSEN
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
1600 Summer Street
Stamford, CT 06905
YOB: 1966
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/17
Vice President State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (July 2016 – present); Mutual
Funds Controller, GE Asset Management Incorporated
(April 2011 – July 2016).
DAVID LANCASTER
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1971
Assistant Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
11/20
Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (July 2017 – present);
Assistant Vice President, State Street Bank and Trust
Company (November 2011 – July 2017).*
JOHN BETTENCOURT
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street,
Boston, MA 02210
YOB:1976
Assistant Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
5/22
Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (March 2020 – present);
Assistant Vice President, State Street Global Advisors
(June 2007 – March 2020).
BRIAN HARRIS
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1973
Chief Compliance
Officer; Anti-
Money Laundering
Officer; Code of
Ethics Compliance
Officer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
7/16
Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (June 2013 – present).*
SEAN O'MALLEY
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1969
Chief Legal Officer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
8/19
Senior Vice President and General Counsel, State
Street Global Advisors (May 2022 - present); Senior
Vice President and Deputy General Counsel, State
Street Global Advisors (November 2013 – May 2022).
14

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
DAVID BARR
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1974
Secretary
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/20
Vice President and Senior Counsel, State Street Global
Advisors (October 2019 – present); Vice President and
Counsel, Eaton Vance Corp. (October 2010 – October
2019).
DAVID URMAN
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1985
Assistant Secretary
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
8/19
Vice President and Senior Counsel, State Street Global
Advisors (April 2019 – present); Vice President and
Counsel, State Street Global Advisors (August 2015 –
April 2019); Associate, Ropes & Gray LLP (November
2012 – August 2015).
*
Served in various capacities and/or with various affiliated entities during noted time period.
Summary of Trustees' Qualifications
Following is a brief discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes or skills which qualify each Trustee to serve on the Board, in light of the Trust's business and structure.
Patrick J. Riley: Mr. Riley is an experienced business executive with over 44 years of experience in the legal and financial services industries; his experience includes service as a trustee or director of various investment companies and Associate Justice of the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He has served on the Board of Trustees and related Committees of SSGA Funds for 32 years and possesses significant experience regarding the operations and history of the Trust. Mr. Riley also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
John R. Costantino: In addition to his tenure as a board member of various other funds advised by SSGA FM, Mr. Costantino has over 32 years of private equity investing experience. He has also served as an officer or a board member of charitable organizations and public and private companies for over 32 years. Mr. Costantino is an attorney and a certified public accountant. He also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. (independent chairperson through 2016).
Michael A. Jessee: Mr. Jessee is an experienced business executive with approximately 44 years of experience in the banking industry. He previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston as well as various senior executive positions of major banks. Mr. Jessee has served on the Navigator Trust's Board of Trustees and related committees for 25 years and possesses significant experience regarding the Trust's operations and history. Mr. Jessee also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Margaret McLaughlin: Ms. McLaughlin has over twenty-five years of experience she has gained in a variety of roles encompassing regulatory, operating, legal, and compliance functions, serving both firms and their boards. Ms. McLaughlin formerly served as a founding member of the executive management team for Kramer Van Kirk Credit Strategies L.P. and its technology affiliate, Mariana Systems LLC, where she was integrally involved in corporate strategy, operational oversight, risk management and board governance. Prior to Kramer Van Kirk, Ms. McLaughlin was Assistant General Counsel to Harris Associates L.P., where she was responsible for legal, regulatory and compliance activities related to the Oakmark Mutual Funds. Ms. McLaughlin has an extensive understanding and perspective on governance, oversight, regulation, policies and procedures from these positions as well as her prior experience with both the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice. Most recently, Ms. McLaughlin has held consulting positions at major private equity and management consulting firms. Ms. McLaughlin serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
George M. Pereira: Mr. Pereira has over thirty years of experience in executive management with financial institutions, including extensive experience relating to financial reporting, operations, cybersecurity oversight, and enterprise risk management. Mr. Pereira recently retired from Charles Schwab Investment Management Inc., having served as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer during his tenure. Previously, Mr. Pereira also served as Head of Financial
15

Reporting for Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Earlier in his career, Mr. Pereira gained valuable regulatory experience and perspective while serving as managing director at the New York Stock Exchange. With this professional experience, Mr. Pereira has developed wide-ranging expertise in building and managing financial, operational, technology and risk control platforms for growth and scale within the financial services industry. Additionally, Mr. Pereira is a member of the Latino Corporate Directors Association. Mr. Pereira serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Donna M. Rapaccioli: Ms. Rapaccioli has over 32 years of service as a full-time member of the business faculty at Fordham University, where she developed and taught undergraduate and graduate courses, including International Accounting and Financial Statement Analysis and has taught at the executive MBA level. She has served on Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation team visits, lectured on accounting and finance topics and consulted for numerous investment banks. Ms. Rapaccioli also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Richard D. Shirk: Mr. Shirk is an experienced business executive with over 52 years of experience in the health care and insurance industries and with investment matters; his experience includes service as a trustee, director or officer of various health care companies and nonprofit organizations. He has served on the Board of Trustees and related Committees of SSGA Funds for 32 years and possesses significant experience regarding the operations and history of the Trust. Mr. Shirk also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Mark E. Swanson: Mr. Swanson has over twenty-five years of experience in executive management with financial services institutions, including extensive experience relating to, fund operations, financial reporting, fund accounting, and fund services. Mr. Swanson recently retired from Russell Investments, having served most recently as the Global Head of Fund Services. Additionally, Mr. Swanson served as Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer Russell Investment Company (RIC) and Russell Investment Funds (RIF). Previously, Mr. Swanson served as Global Head of Fund Operations for Russell, as well as serving in different directorships with RIC, RIF and other Russell entities. Mr. Swanson serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund, Elfun Tax Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Trusts, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Funds, Inc.
Ellen M. Needham: Ms. Needham is a Senior Managing Director of State Street Global Advisors, Head of Global Funds Management, and President of SSGA Funds Management, Inc. Ms. Needham serves as a director of SSGA Funds Management, Inc. and a manager of State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC. In her role, Ms. Needham is responsible for managing firm-wide processes that focus on governance, fund structure, subadviser oversight, tax, product viability, distribution, ongoing monitoring and regulatory coordination across all products globally. She has been involved in the investment industry for over thirty years, beginning her career at State Street in 1989. Ms. Needham also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. and is a Board Director—SPDR Europe I plc and SPDR Europe II plc Boards.
The discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees above is provided as required by the federal securities laws and the regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder, does not constitute holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.
Standing Committees
The Board of Trustees has established various committees to facilitate the timely and efficient consideration of various matters of importance to the Independent Trustees, the Trust, and the Portfolio's shareholders and to facilitate compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Currently, the Board has created an Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Valuation Committee, Nominating Committee and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (the QLCC).
The Audit Committee is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee meets twice a year, or more often as required, in conjunction with meetings of the Board of Trustees. The Audit Committee oversees and monitors the Trust's internal accounting and control structure, its auditing function and its financial reporting process. The Audit Committee is responsible for selecting and retaining the independent accountants for the Trust. The Audit Committee is
16

responsible for approving the audit plans, fees and other material arrangements in respect of the engagement of the independent accountants, including non-audit services performed. The Audit Committee reviews the qualifications of the independent accountant's key personnel involved in the foregoing activities and monitors the independent accountant's independence. During the Trust's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Audit Committee held four meetings.
Each of the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The primary functions of the Governance Committee and the Nominating Committee are to review and evaluate the composition and performance of the Board; make nominations for membership on the Board and committees; review the responsibilities of each committee; and review governance procedures, compensation of Independent Trustees, and independence of outside counsel to the Trustees. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees to the Board recommended by shareholders. Recommendations should be submitted in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Nominating Committee Charter and should be submitted in writing to the Trust, to the attention of the Trust's Secretary, at the address of the principal executive offices of the Trust. Shareholder recommendations must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Trust not less than sixty (60) calendar days nor more than ninety (90) calendar days prior to the date of the Board or shareholder meeting at which the nominee candidate would be considered for election. The Governance Committee performs an annual self-evaluation of Board members. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee held six combined meetings.
The Valuation Committee is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The Valuation Committee's primary purpose is to review the actions and recommendations of the Adviser's Oversight Committee no less often than quarterly. The Trust has established procedures and guidelines for valuing portfolio securities and making fair value determinations from time to time through the Valuation Committee, with the assistance of the Oversight Committee, State Street and SSGA FM. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Valuation Committee held five meetings.
The QLCC is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The primary functions of the QLCC are to receive quarterly reports from the Trust's chief compliance officer (the Chief Compliance Officer); to oversee generally the Trust's responses to regulatory inquiries; and to investigate matters referred to it by the Chief Legal Officer and make recommendations to the Board regarding the implementation of an appropriate response to evidence of a material violation of the securities laws or breach of fiduciary duty or similar violation by the Trust, its officers or the Trustees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the QLCC Committee held four meetings.
Leadership Structure and Risk Management Oversight
The Board has chosen to select different individuals as Chairperson of the Board of the Trust and as President of the Trust. Currently, Mr. Riley, an Independent Trustee, serves as Chairperson of the Board, Ms. Rapaccioli serves as Chairperson of the Audit Committee, Mr. Costantino serves as Chairperson of the QLCC, Mr. Jessee serves as Chairperson of the Valuation Committee, Mr. Shirk serves as Chairperson of each of the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee.
Ms. Needham, who is an employee of the Adviser, serves as a Trustee of the Trust and also serves as President of the Trust. The Board believes that this leadership structure is appropriate, since Ms. Needham provides the Board with insight regarding the Trust's day-to-day management, while Mr. Riley provides an independent perspective on the Trust's overall operation and Ms. Rapaccioli provides a specialized perspective on audit matters.
The Board has delegated management of the Trust to service providers who are responsible for the day-to-day management of risks applicable to the Trust. The Board oversees risk management for the Trust in several ways. The Board receives regular reports from both the Chief Compliance Officer and administrator for the Trust, detailing the results of the Trust's compliance with its Board-adopted policies and procedures, the investment policies and limitations of the Portfolio, and applicable provisions of the federal securities laws and the Code. As needed, the Adviser discusses management issues regarding the Trust with the Board soliciting the Board's input on many aspects of management, including potential risks to the Portfolio. The Board's Audit Committee also receives reports on various aspects of risk that might affect the Trust and offers advice to management, as appropriate. The Trustees also meet in executive session with the independent counsel to the Independent Trustees, the independent registered public accounting firm, counsel to the Trust, the Chief Compliance Officer and representatives of management, as needed. Through these regular reports and interactions, the Board oversees the risk management parameters for the Trust, which are effected on a day-to-day basis by service providers to the Trust.
17

Trustee Ownership of Securities of the Trust or Adviser
As of December 31, 2022, none of the Independent Trustees or their family members had any ownership of securities of the Adviser or any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser.
The following table sets forth information describing the dollar range of the Trust's equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee as of December 31, 2022.
 
Dollar Range Of
Equity
Securities
Aggregate
Dollar Range Of
Equity
Securities In All
Registered
Investment
Companies
Overseen By
Trustees In
Family of
Investment
Companies
Name of Independent Trustee
Patrick J. Riley
None
Over $100,000
John R Costantino
None
None
Michael A. Jessee
None
None
Margaret McLaughlin(1)
None
None
George M. Pereira(1)
None
None
Donna M. Rapaccioli
None
None
Richard D. Shirk
None
Over $100,000
Mark E. Swanson(2)
None
None
Name of Interested Trustee
Ellen M. Needham
None
None
(1) Ms. McLaughlin and Mr. Pereira were appointed Trustees effective September 15, 2022.
(2) Mr. Swanson was appointed as Trustee effective March 2, 2023.
Trustee Compensation
Independent Trustees are compensated on a calendar year basis. Any Trustee who is deemed to be an interested person (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Portfolio does not receive compensation from the Portfolio for his or her service as a Trustee. As of January 1, 2023, except as noted below, each Independent Trustee will receive for his or her services to the State Street Master Funds, the State Street Institutional Investment Trust, the SSGA Funds, the Elfun Funds, the Navigator Trust, State Street Institutional Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. (together, the Fund Entities) an annual retainer of $360,000. The Chairperson receives an additional $90,000 annual retainer. The Independent Trustees receive a fee of $25,000 for each additional special in-person Board meeting and $5,000 for each additional special telephonic Board meeting. As of January 1, 2020, the total annual compensation paid to the Independent Trustees (other than telephonic and special meeting fees) is allocated to each Fund Entity as follows: a fixed amount of $21,000 will be allocated to each Fund Entity or, if applicable, each series thereof; and the remainder will be allocated among the Fund Entities or, if applicable, each series thereof based on relative net assets excluding, however, any feeder fund that invests in a master fund that is a Fund Entity or series thereof. The Independent Trustees are reimbursed for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses in connection with meeting attendance. As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees were not paid pension or retirement benefits as part of the Trust's expenses.
For purposes of computing Independent Trustee compensation, an in-person meeting refers to a meeting to which all attendees are invited to assemble at a specific physical location. An Independent Trustee is considered to have attended an in-person meeting if he or she attends the meeting with the assistance of an audio/visual system that permits (a) the Independent Trustee to see and hear all of the other attendees at the meeting and (b) all such other attendees to see and hear the Independent Trustee. Independent Trustee fees are allocated among each respective series of the Trust in such a manner as deemed equitable. Independent Trustee fees are allocated as follows: one-half is allocated taking into consideration the relative net assets of each series and one-half is apportioned to each series in equal amounts.
The Trust's officers are compensated by the Adviser and its affiliates.
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The table below shows the compensation that the Trustees received during the Trust's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Name of Trustee
Aggregate
Compensation
from the Trust
Pension or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued as
Part of Trust
Expenses
Estimated
Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement
Total
Compensation
from the Trust and
Fund Complex
Paid to Trustees
Independent Trustees:
Michael F. Holland(1)
$24,731
$0
$0
$410,000
Patrick J. Riley
$24,731
$0
$0
$410,000
John R. Costantino
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Michael A. Jessee
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Donna M. Rapaccioli
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Richard D. Shirk
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Margaret McLaughlin(2)
$5,300
$0
$0
$80,000
George M. Pereira(2)
$5,300
$0
$0
$80,000
Mark E. Swanson(3)
$-
$-
$-
$-
Interested Trustee:
Ellen M. Needham
$0
$0
$0
$0
(1)
Mr. Holland served as a Trustee until December 31, 2022.
(2)
Ms. McLaughlin and Mr. Pereira were appointed Trustees effective September 15, 2022.
(3)
Mr. Swanson did not receive compensation from the Funds for services as Trustee for the most recently completed fiscal years of the Funds because he did not serve as Trustee during the relevant periods.
The total compensation from the Government Money Market Portfolio paid to the Trustees for the Trust's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
 
Aggregate
Compensation
from the
Portfolio
Name of Independent Trustee
Michael F. Holland(1)
$10,807
Patrick J. Riley
$10,807
John R. Costantino
$9,535
Michael A. Jessee
$9,535
Donna M. Rapaccioli
$9,535
Richard D. Shirk
$9,535
Margaret McLaughlin(2)
$2,391
George M. Pereira(2)
$2,391
Mark E. Swanson(3)
$-
Name of Interested Trustee
Ellen M. Needham
$0
(1)
Mr. Holland served as a Trustee until December 31, 2022.
(2)
Ms. McLaughlin and Mr. Pereira were appointed Trustees effective September 15, 2022.
(3)
Mr. Swanson did not receive compensation from the Funds for services as Trustee for the most recently completed fiscal years of the Funds because he did not serve as Trustee during the relevant periods.
CODES OF ETHICS
The Trust and the Adviser have each adopted a code of ethics (together, the Codes of Ethics) pursuant to Rule 17j-1 as required by applicable law, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust and the Adviser from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Portfolio (which may also be held by persons subject to the Codes of Ethics). The Codes of Ethics permit personnel, subject to the Codes of Ethics and their provisions, to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust, Adviser and State Street.
19

PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES
The Trust has adopted proxy voting procedures pursuant to which the Trust delegates the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Portfolio to SSGA FM as part of SSGA FM's general management of the Portfolio, subject to the Board's continuing oversight. A copy of the Trust's proxy voting procedures is located in Appendix B and a copy of the Adviser's proxy voting procedures is located in Appendix C.
Shareholders may receive information regarding how the Portfolio voted proxies relating to portfolio securities, if any, during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 (i) by calling (800) 997-7327 or (ii) on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
ITEM 18. CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDERS
In connection with State Street's Securities Lending Program, State Street holds certain collateral on behalf of its securities lending clients to secure the return of loaned securities. Such collateral may be invested in Trust shares from time to time. Shares of the Portfolio will be registered with the Trust's transfer agent in the name of State Street, as agent for each Lending Fund, or in the name of the Lending Fund or the Lending Fund's custodian. Consequently, State Street will not be a controlling person of the Trust for purposes of the 1940 Act.
Persons or organizations owning 25% or more of the outstanding interests of the Portfolio may be presumed to control (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) the Portfolio. As a result, these persons or organizations could have the ability to approve or reject those matters submitted to the investors of the Portfolio for their approval.
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
As of March 31, 2023, no shareholders of record, through one or more accounts, owned 25% or more of the issued and outstanding shares of the Portfolio.
As of March 31, 2023, the following shareholders of record, through one or more accounts, owned 5% or more of the issued and outstanding shares of the Portfolio:
Name and Address
Percentage
General Motors Hourly-Rate Employees Pension Trust
C/O State Street Bank and Trust Company
One Heritage Drive
Quincy, MA 02171
6.87%
As of March 31, 2023, the Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a group, did not own any of the Trust's voting securities.
ITEM 19. INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
SERVICE PROVIDERS
Most of the Portfolio's necessary day-to-day operations are performed by service providers under contract to the Trust. The principal service providers for the Portfolio are:
Investment Adviser and Administrator:
Custodian, Transfer Agent and Sub-Administrator:
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm:
SSGA FM
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Ernst & Young LLP
ADVISER
SSGA FM serves as the investment adviser to the Portfolio pursuant to an Advisory Agreement dated as of May 1, 2001, as amended (Advisory Agreement), by and between the Adviser and the Trust. The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a publicly held financial holding company. Prior to June 8, 2017, SSGA FM was a wholly owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation. The Adviser's mailing address is One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.
20

Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser directs the Portfolio's investments in accordance with its investment objectives, policies and limitations. For these services, the Portfolio pays a fee to the Adviser at the rates stated in the Part A. The advisory fees paid by the Portfolio to SSGA FM for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $1,656,590, $1,401,323 and $1,402,676 respectively.
Total Annual Fund Operating Expense Waivers. The Adviser has contractually agreed with the Trust, through April 30, 2024, (i) to waive up to the full amount of the advisory fee payable by the Portfolio, and/or (ii) to reimburse the Portfolio for expenses to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (subject to certain exclusions) exceed 0.042% of average daily net assets on an annual basis.
Voluntary Yield Waiver. SSGA FM and certain of its affiliates (each a Service Provider) may reimburse expenses or waive fees to avoid negative yield (the Voluntary Reduction), or a yield below a specified level, for the Portfolio. Any such waiver or reimbursement would be voluntary and may be revised or cancelled at any time without notice. The Portfolio has agreed, subject to certain limitations, to reimburse the Service Provider for the full dollar amount of any Voluntary Reduction incurred after May 1, 2020. Each Service Provider may, in its sole discretion, irrevocably waive receipt of any or all reimbursement amounts due from the Portfolio, without limitation.
The Advisory Agreement will continue from year to year provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (a) the Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio, and (b) vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated by the Adviser or the Trust without penalty upon sixty days' notice and will terminate automatically upon its assignment.
ADMINISTRATOR
SSGA FM serves as the Administrator (the Administrator) of the Portfolio pursuant to an Administration Agreement dated as of June 3, 2015, as amended (Administration Agreement) by and between SSGA FM and the Trust. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator will, among other things (i) provide the Portfolio with administrative and clerical services, including the maintenance of certain of the Portfolio's books and records; (ii) arrange the periodic updating of the Trust's Registration Statement and the Portfolio's Confidential Offering Memorandum; and (iii) provide proxy materials and reports to the Portfolio's shareholders and the SEC. For these services, the Portfolio pays an annual administration fee equal to 0.00075% of the Portfolio's average daily net assets. The administration fees paid by the Portfolio to SSGA FM for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 were $70,997, $60,060, and $60,115 respectively. The Portfolio reimburses SSGA FM for certain out-of-pocket travel expenses of the CCO and compliance team incurred on the Portfolio's behalf.
The Administration Agreement was approved initially for a one-year term by the Trustees, and will continue in effect from year to year unless terminated in writing by either the Administrator or the Trust at the end of such period or thereafter on 60 days' prior written notice given by either party to the other party.
SUB-ADMINISTRATOR, CUSTODY, FUND ACCOUNTING AND TRANSFER AGENCY
State Street serves as the sub-administrator for the Trust, pursuant to a sub-administration agreement dated June 1, 2015 (the Sub-Administration Agreement). State Street serves as the custodian for the Trust, pursuant to a custody agreement dated April 11, 2012 (the Custody Agreement). Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, State Street is obligated to provide certain sub-administrative services to the Trust. Under the Custody Agreement, State Street is obligated to provide certain custody services to the Trust, as well as basic portfolio recordkeeping required by the Trust for regulatory and financial reporting purposes. State Street also serves as transfer agent for the Portfolio. State Street is a wholly owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a publicly held financial holding company, and is affiliated with the Adviser. State Street's mailing address is State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111-2900.
As consideration for sub-administration, custody, fund accounting, and transfer agency services, the Portfolio pays State Street an annual fee (payable monthly) based on the average monthly net assets of the Portfolio. The Portfolio also pays State Street transaction and service fees for these services and reimburses State Street for out-of-pocket expenses.
The custodian, sub-administration, fund accounting and transfer agent service fees paid by the Portfolio to State Street for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $1,153,037, $992,506 and $989,800 respectively.
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COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Ropes & Gray LLP serves as counsel to the Trust. The principal business address of Ropes & Gray LLP is 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199. Sullivan & Worcester LLP, located at One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts, 02109, serves as independent counsel to the Independent Trustees.
The Audit Committee approved the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP (E&Y), 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116, as the Portfolio's independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.
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ITEM 20. PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 21. BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
All portfolio transactions are placed on behalf of a Portfolio by the Adviser. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are affected through brokers who charge a commission for their services. Ordinarily commissions are not charged on over-the-counter orders (e.g., fixed income securities) because the Portfolio pays a spread which is included in the cost of the security and represents the difference between the dealer's quoted price at which it is willing to sell the security and the dealer's quoted price at which it is willing to buy the security. When a Portfolio executes an over-the-counter order with an electronic communications network or an alternative trading system, a commission is charged by such electronic communications networks and alternative trading systems as they execute such orders on an agency basis. Securities may be purchased from underwriters at prices that include underwriting fees.
In placing a portfolio transaction, the Adviser seeks to achieve best execution. The Adviser's duty to seek best execution requires the Adviser to take reasonable steps to obtain for the client as favorable an overall result as possible for portfolio transactions under the circumstances, taking into account various factors that are relevant to the particular transaction.
The Adviser refers to and selects from the list of approved trading counterparties maintained by the Adviser's Credit Risk Management team. In selecting a trading counterparty for a particular trade, the Adviser seeks to weigh relevant factors including, but not limited to the following:
Prompt and reliable execution;
The competitiveness of commission rates and spreads, if applicable;
The financial strength, stability and/or reputation of the trading counterparty;
The willingness and ability of the executing trading counterparty to execute transactions (and commit capital) of size in liquid and illiquid markets without disrupting the market for the security;
Local laws, regulations or restrictions;
The ability of the trading counterparty to maintain confidentiality;
The availability and capability of execution venues, including electronic communications networks for trading and execution management systems made available to Adviser;
Market share;
Liquidity;
Price;
Execution related costs;
History of execution of orders;
Likelihood of execution and settlement;
Order size and nature;
Clearance and settlement capabilities, especially in high volatility market environments;
Availability of lendable securities;
Sophistication of the trading counterparty's trading capabilities and infrastructure/facilities;
The operational efficiency with which transactions are processed and cleared, taking into account the order size and complexity;
Speed and responsiveness to the Adviser;
Access to secondary markets;
Counterparty exposure; and
Depending upon the circumstances, the Adviser may take other relevant factors into account if the Adviser believes that these are important in taking all sufficient steps to obtain the best possible result for execution of the order.
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In selecting a trading counterparty, the price of the transaction and costs related to the execution of the transaction typically merit a high relative importance, depending on the circumstances. The Adviser does not necessarily select a trading counterparty based upon price and costs but may take other relevant factors into account if it believes that these are important in taking reasonable steps to obtain the best possible result for a Portfolio under the circumstances. Consequently, the Adviser may cause a client to pay a trading counterparty more than another trading counterparty might have charged for the same transaction in recognition of the value and quality of the brokerage services provided. The following matters may influence the relative importance that the Adviser places upon the relevant factors:
(i)
The nature and characteristics of the order or transaction. For example, size of order, market impact of order, limits, or other instructions relating to the order;
(ii)
The characteristics of the financial instrument(s) or other assets, which are the subject of that order. For example, whether the order pertains to an equity, fixed income, derivative or convertible instrument;
(iii)
The characteristics of the execution venues to which that order can be directed, if relevant. For example, availability and capabilities of electronic trading systems;
(iv)
Whether the transaction is a ‘delivery versus payment' or ‘over-the-counter' transaction. The creditworthiness of the trading counterparty, the amount of existing exposure to a trading counterparty and trading counterparty settlement capabilities may be given a higher relative importance in the case of ‘over-the-counter' transactions; and/or
(v)
Any other circumstances that the Adviser believes are relevant at the time.
The process by which trading counterparties are selected to effect transactions is designed to exclude consideration of the sales efforts conducted by broker-dealers in relation to the Portfolio.
The Adviser does not currently use the Portfolio's assets in connection with third-party soft dollar arrangements. While the Adviser does not currently use soft or commission dollars paid by the Portfolio for the purchase of third-party research, the Adviser reserves the right to do so in the future.
ITEM 22. CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES
Under its Master Trust Agreement, the Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with a par value of $0.001 per share, which may be divided into one or more series, each of which evidences pro rata ownership interest in a different investment portfolio. The Trustees may create additional portfolio series at any time without shareholder approval. The shares of the Portfolio may have such rights and preferences as the Trustees may establish from time to time, including the right of redemption (including the price, manner and terms of redemption), special and relative rights as to dividends and distributions, liquidation rights, sinking or purchase fund provisions, conversion rights and conditions under which the Portfolio may have separate voting rights or no voting rights.
This Part B covers the Portfolio, which commenced operations on May 15, 1996. The Trust is authorized, without shareholder approval, to divide shares of any series into two or more classes of shares, each class having such different dividend, liquidation, voting and other rights as the Trustees may determine without shareholder approval.
Any amendment to the Master Trust Agreement that would materially and adversely affect shareholders of the Trust as a whole, or shareholders of a particular portfolio series, must be approved by the holders of a majority of the shares of the Trust or the portfolio series, respectively. All other amendments may be effected by the Board.
The Master Trust Agreement provides that shareholders shall not be subject to any personal liability for the acts or obligations of the Portfolio and that every written agreement, obligation, or other undertaking of the Portfolio shall contain a provision to the effect that the shareholders are not personally liable thereunder. If any present or past shareholder of the Portfolio is charged or held personally liable for any obligation or liability of the Trust solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder and not because of such shareholder's acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Portfolio series, upon request, shall assume the defense against such charge and satisfy any judgment thereon, and the shareholder or former shareholder shall be entitled out of the assets of the Portfolio to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. Thus, the risk to shareholders of incurring financial loss beyond their investments is limited to circumstances in which the Portfolio itself would be unable to meet its obligations.
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The Trust will not have an Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Special Meetings may be convened (i) by the Board (ii) upon written request to the Board by the holders of at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust, or (iii) upon the Board's failure to honor the shareholders' request as described above, by holders of at least 10% of the outstanding shares giving notice of the special meeting to the shareholders.
ITEM 23. PURCHASE, REDEMPTION, AND PRICING OF SHARES
MANNER IN WHICH SHARES ARE OFFERED
Shares of the Portfolio are being offered to Lending Funds in connection with State Street's Securities Lending Program. Shares for the Portfolio are sold in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offering within the meaning of Section (4)(a)(2) under the 1933 Act. Shares of the Portfolio are sold directly by the Trust without a distributor and are not subject to a sales load or redemption fee. Additionally, assets of the Portfolio are not subject to fees permitted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
VALUATION OF FUND SHARES
Pricing of shares of the Portfolio does not occur on New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) holidays. The NYSE is open for trading every weekday except for: (a) the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Birthday, Washington's Birthday (the third Monday in February), Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day; and (b) the preceding Friday or the subsequent Monday when one of the calendar-determined holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Purchases and withdrawals will be effected at the time of determination of NAV next following the receipt of any purchase or withdrawal order which is determined to be in good order. The Portfolio's securities will be valued pursuant to guidelines established by the Board.
The Portfolio seeks to maintain a constant price per share of $1.00 for purposes of sales and redemptions of shares by using the amortized cost valuation method to value its portfolio instruments in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. There can be no assurance that the $1.00 NAV per share will be maintained. The amortized cost method involves valuing an instrument at its cost and thereafter assuming a constant amortization to maturity of any discount or premium, even though the portfolio security may increase or decrease in market value, generally in response to changes in interest rates. While this method provides certainty in valuation, it may result in periods during which value, as determined by amortized cost, is higher or lower than the price the Portfolio would receive if it sold the instrument.
For example, in periods of declining interest rates, the daily yield on the Portfolio's shares computed by dividing the annualized daily income on the Portfolio's portfolio by the NAV based upon the amortized cost valuation technique may tend to be higher than a similar computation made by using a method of valuation based upon market prices and estimates thereof. In periods of rising interest rates, the daily yield on the Portfolio's shares computed the same way may tend to be lower than a similar computation made by using a method of calculation based upon market prices and estimates.
The Board has determined, in good faith, that it is in the best interests of the Portfolio and its shareholders to maintain a stable NAV per share by virtue of the amortized cost method. The Trustees have established procedures reasonably designed to stabilize the Portfolio's price per share at $1.00. These procedures include: (1) the determination of the deviation from $1.00, if any, of the Portfolio's NAV using market values; (2) periodic review by the Trustees of the amount of and the methods used to calculate the deviation; and (3) maintenance of records of such determination. The Trustees will promptly consider what action, if any, should be taken if such deviation exceeds 1/2 of one percent.
In accordance with certain federal regulations, the Trust is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each entity that applies to open an account, including, in certain cases, information concerning such entity's beneficial owners. For this reason, when you open (or change ownership of) an account, the Trust will request certain information, including your name, address and taxpayer identification number, which will be used to verify your identity. If you are unable to provide sufficient information to verify your identity, the Trust will not open an account for you. As required by law, the Trust may employ various procedures, such as comparing your information to fraud databases or requesting additional information and documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct. The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase for any reason, including failure to provide the Trust with information necessary to confirm your identity as required by law.
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ITEM 24. TAXATION
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
The following discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Portfolio is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this Part B. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Portfolio. There may be other tax considerations applicable to particular shareholders.
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding their particular situation and the possible application of foreign, state and local tax laws.
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans or tax-advantaged arrangements. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of the Portfolio as an investment through such plans and arrangements and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situations.
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company
The Portfolio has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M of the Code and intends each year to qualify and be eligible to be treated as such. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, the Portfolio must, among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Portfolio's taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets and no more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) no more than 25% of its assets are invested, including through corporations in which the Portfolio owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Portfolio controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades and businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and (c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid — generally taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and net tax-exempt income, for such year.
In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in section (a)(i) of the preceding paragraph), will be treated as qualifying income. In general, qualified publicly traded partnerships will be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, because they meet the passive income requirement under Code Section 7704(c)(2). Further, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
For purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Portfolio's ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.
If the Portfolio qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Portfolio will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income or gains distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). If the Portfolio were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution test
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described above, the Portfolio could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Portfolio-level tax, paying interest or disposing of certain assets. If the Portfolio were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or if the Portfolio were otherwise to fail to qualify as a RIC accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, the Portfolio would be subject to tax at the Portfolio level on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income (if any) and net capital gains (as defined below), would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders and may be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals, provided, in both cases, the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Portfolio's shares (as described below). In addition, the Portfolio could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.
The Portfolio intends to distribute at least annually to its shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and its net tax-exempt income (if any), and may distribute its net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards). Any taxable income retained by the Portfolio will be subject to tax at the Portfolio level at regular corporate rates. If the Portfolio retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but it is permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gain in a timely notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Portfolio on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly-filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If the Portfolio makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Portfolio will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder's gross income under clause (a) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (b) of the preceding sentence. The Portfolio is not required to, and there can be no assurance the Portfolio will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.
In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income, and its earnings and profits, a RIC generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to any such portion of the taxable year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss, if any, from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss, if any, attributable to the portion of the taxable year, if any, after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.
If the Portfolio were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 of such year (or for the one-year period ending November 30 or December 31, if the Portfolio is eligible to elect and so elects), plus any such amounts retained from the prior year, the Portfolio would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For purposes of the required excise tax distribution, a RIC's ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would otherwise be taken into account after October 31 of a calendar year (or November 30 of that year, if the RIC makes the election described above) generally are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year; in the case of a RIC with a December 31 year end that makes the election described above, no such gains or losses will be so treated. Also, for these purposes, the Portfolio will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to corporate income tax for the taxable year ending within the calendar year. The Portfolio intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax although there can be no assurance it will do so. Distributions declared by the Portfolio during October, November and December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Portfolio during the following January will be treated for federal tax purposes as paid by the Portfolio and received by shareholders on December 31 of the year in which declared. In addition, if the Portfolio were to qualify as a personal holding company, it might have to comply with additional requirements with respect to its distributions to shareholders in order to avoid the fund-level tax under the personal holding company rules of the Code.
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (net capital losses) are not permitted to be deducted against the Portfolio's net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Portfolio may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent taxable
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years. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Portfolio retains or distributes such gains. The Portfolio may carry net capital losses forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration; any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term. The Portfolio must apply such carryforwards first against gains of the same character.
Taxation of Distributions Received by Shareholders
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Portfolio owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Portfolio shares. In general, the Portfolio will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on the disposition of assets the Portfolio has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on the disposition of investments the Portfolio has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Distributions of net capital gain properly reported by the Portfolio as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) generally will be taxable to a shareholder receiving such distributions as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates relative to ordinary income. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. The IRS and the Department of the Treasury have issued regulations that impose special rules in respect of Capital Gain Dividends received through partnership interests constituting applicable partnership interests under Section 1061 of the Code. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of investment income properly reported by the Portfolio as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to net capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Portfolio level. The Portfolio does not expect to realize any significant long-term capital gains or losses or qualified dividend income.
The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, net investment income generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the Portfolio of net investment income and capital gains, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption, exchange or other taxable disposition of Portfolio shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Portfolio.
Shareholders of the Portfolio will be subject to U.S. federal income taxes as described herein on distributions made by the Portfolio whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Portfolio.
If the Portfolio makes a distribution to a shareholder in excess of the Portfolio's current and accumulated earnings and profits in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of such shareholder's tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder's tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.
Distributions with respect to the Portfolio's shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Portfolio's realized income and gains, even though such distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder's investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Portfolio's NAV includes either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid. Such distributions may reduce the fair market value of the Portfolio's shares below the shareholder's cost basis in those shares. As described above, the Portfolio is required to distribute realized income and gains regardless of whether the Portfolio's NAV also reflects unrealized losses.
In order for some portion of the dividends received by the Portfolio shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Portfolio must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend-paying stocks held by the Portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Portfolio's shares. In general, a dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Portfolio or shareholder level) (a) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (b) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (c) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (d) if the dividend is received
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from a foreign corporation that is (i) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (ii) treated as a passive foreign investment company.
In general, distributions of investment income properly reported by the Portfolio as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to the Portfolio's shares. If the aggregate qualified dividends received by the Portfolio during any taxable year are 95% or more of the Portfolio's gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), then 100% of the Portfolio's dividends (other than dividends properly reported as Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. Since the Portfolio primarily holds investments that do not pay dividends, it is not expected that a substantial portion (if any) of the dividends paid by the Portfolio will qualify for the favorable income tax rates available to individuals on qualified dividend income.
In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of the Portfolio will qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the Portfolio from domestic corporations for the taxable year. A dividend will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (a) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Portfolio has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (b) to the extent that the Portfolio is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends-received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (x) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Portfolio or (y) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). Since the Portfolio primarily holds investments that do not pay dividends, it is not expected that a substantial portion (if any) of the dividends paid by the Portfolio will qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations.
Any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Portfolio in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Portfolio on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Portfolio, will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
As required by federal law, detailed federal tax information with respect to each calendar year will be furnished to each shareholder early in the succeeding year.
Redemptions and Exchanges
Redemptions and exchanges of the Portfolio's shares are taxable events. If the NAV of Portfolio shares were to vary from $1.00 per share, shareholders generally would realize a gain or loss upon the redemption or other taxable disposition of such Portfolio shares. Any such gain would be taxable to you as either short-term or long-term capital gain, depending upon how long you held such Portfolio shares, except that, as and where the Portfolio is not a publicly offered RIC (as described below), in certain circumstances it is possible that the proceeds of a redemption of Portfolio shares may be taxable as dividend income or a return of capital.
A RIC is considered publicly offered if its shares are continuously offered pursuant to a public offering, its shares are regularly traded on an established securities exchange, or it has at least 500 shareholders at all times during a taxable year. Because shares of the Portfolio are not so registered or traded, and the Portfolio is not expected to have at least 500 shareholders at all times during the taxable year, a portion or all the proceeds of redemptions of Portfolio shares may be treated as dividends. If a shareholder redeems fewer than all of its shares, such shareholder may be treated as having received a distribution under Section 301 of the Code (a Section 301 distribution) unless the redemption is treated as being either (i) substantially disproportionate with respect to such shareholder by satisfying certain numerical tests relating to the reduction in the redeeming shareholder's percentage interest, and percentage voting interest, in the Portfolio, or (ii) otherwise not essentially equivalent to a dividend under the relevant rules of the Code. For any period during which the Portfolio has a single shareholder, all redemption distributions will be treated as Section 301 distributions.
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A Section 301 distribution is not treated as a sale or exchange giving rise to a capital gain or loss, but rather is treated as a dividend to the extent supported by the Portfolio's current and accumulated earnings and profits, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the shareholder's tax basis in the Portfolio shares, and thereafter as capital gain.
In addition, as and where the Portfolio is not considered so publicly offered, certain shareholders will be deemed to receive distributions equal to their allocable shares of certain expenses paid by the Portfolio. Very generally, expenses that are deemed distributed by the Portfolio include those paid or incurred during a calendar year that are deductible in determining the Portfolio's investment company taxable income for a taxable year beginning or ending within that calendar year, including in particular its advisory fee, but excluding those expenses incurred by virtue of the Portfolio's organization as a registered investment company (such as its registration fees, trustees' fees, expenses of periodic trustees' and shareholders' meetings, transfer agent fees, certain legal and accounting fees, the expenses of shareholder communications required by law, and certain other expenses). Shareholders of the Portfolio that will be deemed to have received distributions of such expenses include (i) individuals taxable in the U.S. or persons calculating their taxable income in the same way as do such individuals and (ii) pass-through entities having such an individual or person or another pass-through entity as an interest holder or beneficiary. Such deemed distributions of expenses are not deductible under current law by those direct or indirect shareholders who are individuals (or entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as an individual). The deemed distributions of expenses could as a result increase a shareholder's net taxes owed, lowering the Portfolio's effective yield with respect to such a shareholder.
Further, subject to the discussion below regarding money market funds, all or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Portfolio shares will generally be disallowed under the Code's wash sale rule if other substantially identical shares are purchased, including by means of dividend reinvestment, within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
The IRS permits a simplified method of accounting for gains and losses realized upon the disposition of shares of a RIC that is a money market fund. Very generally, rather than realizing gain or loss upon each redemption of a share, a Portfolio shareholder using such method of accounting will recognize gain or loss with respect to Portfolio shares for a given computation period (the shareholder's taxable year or shorter period selected by the shareholder) equal to the value of all the Portfolio shares held by the shareholder on the last day of the computation period, less the value of all Portfolio shares held by the shareholder on the last day of the preceding computation period, less the shareholder's net investment in the Portfolio (generally, purchases minus redemptions) made during the computation period. Under this simplified method, any resulting net capital gain or loss would be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Upon the redemption or exchange of shares of the Portfolio, the Portfolio or, in the case of shares purchased through a financial intermediary, the financial intermediary may be required to provide you and the IRS with cost basis and certain other related tax information about the Portfolio shares you redeemed or exchanged.
The Code's wash sale rule may also apply to certain redemptions and exchanges by non-U.S. shareholders. See Non-U.S. Shareholders below.
Tax Implications of Certain Portfolio Investments
Special Rules for Debt Obligations. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, OID is treated as interest income and is included in the Portfolio's income and required to be distributed by the Portfolio over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Portfolio holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year. An investor that receives an in-kind distribution of property from a Portfolio may be required to recognize taxable gain or loss upon a subsequent taxable disposition of that property.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired in the secondary market by the Portfolio may be treated as having market discount. Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its revised issue price) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt obligation. Alternatively, the Portfolio may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Portfolio will be required to include the accrued market discount in income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt obligation, even though
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payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. If the Portfolio makes the election referred to in the preceding sentence, then the rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Portfolio's income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Portfolio elects.
If the Portfolio holds the foregoing kinds of obligations or other obligations subject to special rules under the Code, the Portfolio, may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Portfolio actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Portfolio or, if necessary, by disposition of portfolio securities, including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. These dispositions may cause the Portfolio to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates) and, in the event the Portfolio realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger Capital Gain Dividend than they would have if the Portfolio had not held such obligations.
A portion of the OID accrued on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the issuer and will instead be treated as a dividend paid by the issuer for purposes of the dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Portfolio may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID.
Securities Purchased at a Premium. Very generally, where the Portfolio purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity — that is, at a premium — the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the Portfolio makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Portfolio reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds acquired on or after January 4, 2013, the Portfolio is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period.
At-risk or Defaulted Debt Obligations. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Portfolio. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Portfolio may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount; whether, when or to what extent the Portfolio should recognize market discount on such debt obligations when and to what extent the Portfolio may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities; and how the Portfolio should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Portfolio when, as and if it invests in such obligations, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Certain Investments in REITs. Any investment by the Portfolio in equity securities of real estate investment trusts qualifying as such under Subchapter M of the Code (REITs) may result in the Portfolio's receipt of cash in excess of the REIT's earnings; if the Portfolio distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Portfolio shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by the Portfolio from a REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.
Distributions by the Portfolio to its shareholders that the Portfolio properly reports as Section 199A dividends, as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, are treated as qualified REIT dividends in the hands of non-corporate shareholders. Non-corporate shareholders are permitted a federal income tax deduction equal to 20% of qualified REIT dividends received by them, subject to certain limitations. Very generally, a Section 199A dividend is any dividend or portion thereof that is attributable to certain dividends received by a RIC from REITs, to the extent such dividends are properly reported as such by the RIC in a written notice to its shareholders. A Section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. The Portfolio is permitted to report such part of its dividends as Section 199A dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so.
Certain Investments in Mortgage Pooling Vehicles. Special rules may apply if the Portfolio invests, directly or indirectly, in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) (including by investing in residual interests in CMOs with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Portfolio's income (including income allocated to the Portfolio from certain pass-through entities) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code
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as an excess inclusion) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a RIC, such as the Portfolio, will be allocated to shareholders of the RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, a RIC investing in such securities may not be a suitable investment for charitable remainder trusts (CRTs), as noted below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and that otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.
Foreign Currency Transactions. Any transaction by the Portfolio in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations or certain foreign currency options, futures contracts or forward contracts (or similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Any such net gains could require a larger dividend toward the end of the calendar year. Any such net losses will generally reduce and potentially require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate the Portfolio's distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Portfolio to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.
Options and Futures. In general, option premiums received by the Portfolio are not immediately included in the income of the Portfolio. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Portfolio transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by the Portfolio is exercised and the Portfolio sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Portfolio generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Portfolio minus (b) the Portfolio's basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by the Portfolio pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Portfolio generally will subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the securities purchased. Gain or loss arising in respect of a termination of the Portfolio's obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Portfolio is greater or less than the amount paid by the Portfolio (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Portfolio expires unexercised, the Portfolio generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.
The Portfolio's options activities may include transactions constituting straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that is, that trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Such straddles include, for example, positions in a particular security, or an index of securities, and one or more options that offset the former position, including options that are covered by the Portfolio's long position in the subject security. Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to substantially similar or related property, to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not deep in the money may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are in the money although not deep in the money will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.
The tax treatment of certain positions entered into by the Portfolio, including regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency positions and certain listed non-equity options, will be governed by Section 1256 of the Code (section 1256 contracts). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (60/40), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated
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as ordinary in character. Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Portfolio at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are marked to market with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.
Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions. In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, the Portfolio's transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements), as well as any of its hedging, short sale, securities loan or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Portfolio are treated as ordinary or capital, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Portfolio, defer losses to the Portfolio, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Portfolio's securities, thereby affecting, among other things, whether capital gains and losses are treated as short-term or long-term. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Portfolio has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a Portfolio-level tax.
Commodity-Linked Instruments. The Portfolio's direct or indirect investments in commodities and commodity-linked instruments can be limited by the Portfolio's intention to qualify as a RIC, and can bear on the Portfolio's ability to so qualify. Income and gains from commodities and certain commodity-linked instruments do not constitute qualifying income to a RIC for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. The tax treatment of some other commodity-linked instruments in which the Portfolio might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. If the Portfolio were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Portfolio's nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Portfolio would fail to qualify as a RIC unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Portfolio level.
Book-Tax Differences. Certain of the Portfolio's investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and any of the Portfolio's transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If such a difference arises, and the Portfolio's book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income, the Portfolio could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment and to avoid an entity-level tax. In the alternative, if the Portfolio's book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income (including realized capital gains) and net tax-exempt income, the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Portfolio's remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient's basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.
Foreign Taxation
The Portfolio's income, proceeds and gains from sources within foreign countries may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes, which will reduce the yield on those investments. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. Shareholders generally will not be entitled separately to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio. If shareholders are not entitled to claim such a credit or deduction, the Portfolio's taxable income will be reduced by the foreign taxes paid or withheld. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in the Portfolio through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by the Portfolio, if any. Under certain circumstances, if the Portfolio receives a refund of foreign taxes paid in respect of a prior year, the value of Portfolio Shares could be affected or any foreign tax credits or deductions passed through to shareholders in respect of the Portfolio's foreign taxes for the current year could be reduced.
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Backup Withholding
The Portfolio generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Portfolio with a correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Portfolio that he or she is not subject to such withholding.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Income of a RIC that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity generally will not constitute UBTI when distributed to a tax-exempt shareholder of the RIC. Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Portfolio if shares in the Portfolio constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b).
A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if the Portfolio recognizes excess inclusion income derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs if the amount of such income recognized by the Portfolio exceeds the Portfolio's investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Portfolio).
In addition, special tax consequences apply to CRTs that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of investing in a RIC that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a RIC that recognizes excess inclusion income, then the RIC will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Portfolio may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder's distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder's interest in the Portfolio. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Portfolio.
Tax Shelter Reporting
Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or a greater loss over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Non-U.S. Shareholders
Non-U.S. shareholders in the Portfolio should consult their tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of ownership of shares in the Portfolio. Distributions by the Portfolio to shareholders that are not U.S. persons within the meaning of the Code (foreign shareholders) properly reported by the Portfolio as (1) Capital Gain Dividends, (2) short-term capital gain dividends, and (3) interest-related dividends, each as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, generally are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax.
In general, the Code defines (1) short-term capital gain dividends as distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses and (2) interest-related dividends as distributions from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, in each case to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Portfolio in a written notice to shareholders. The exceptions to withholding for Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain dividends do not apply to (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods
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aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions attributable to gain that is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States under special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests (USRPIs) as described below. The exception to withholding for interest-related dividends does not apply to distributions to a foreign shareholder (i) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (ii) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (iii) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (iv) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation. If the Portfolio invests in a RIC that pays such distributions to the Portfolio, such distributions retain their character as not subject to withholding if properly reported when paid by the Portfolio to foreign shareholders. The Portfolio is permitted to report such parts of its dividends as are eligible to be treated as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, but it is not required to do so. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Portfolio reports all or a portion of a payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders.
Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of withholding rules to their accounts.
Distributions by the Portfolio to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends (e.g., dividends attributable to dividend and foreign-source interest income or to short-term capital gains or U.S. source interest income to which the exception from withholding described above does not apply) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).
A foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Portfolio unless (a) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such holder within the United States, (b) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met, or (c) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the foreign shareholder's sale of shares of the Portfolio (as described below).
Foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from the Portfolio is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the foreign person within the United States will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Portfolio at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares of the Portfolio and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.
Special rules would apply if the Portfolio were a qualified investment entity (QIE) because it is either a U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition thereof. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation's USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other trade or business assets. USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A fund that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in REITs may be a USRPHC. Interests in domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and RICs that are QIEs, not-greater-than-10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in RICs generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether the Portfolio is a QIE. If an interest in the Portfolio were a USRPI, the Portfolio would be required to withhold U.S. tax on the proceeds of a share redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, in which case such foreign shareholder generally would also be required to file U.S. tax returns and pay any additional taxes due in connection with the redemption.
If the Portfolio were a QIE under a special look-through rule, any distributions by the Portfolio to a foreign shareholder attributable directly or indirectly to (i) distributions received by the Portfolio from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Portfolio is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands and (ii) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Portfolio, would retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Portfolio's foreign shareholders and would be subject to U.S. tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a
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U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the foreign shareholder's current and past ownership of the Portfolio. The Portfolio generally does not expect that it will be a QIE.
Foreign shareholders of the Portfolio also may be subject to wash sale rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and –payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Portfolio shares.
Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Portfolio.
In order for a foreign shareholder to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or from lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from back-up withholding, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E or substitute form). Non-U.S. investors in the Portfolio should consult their tax advisers in this regard. Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Portfolio shares through foreign partnerships. Additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Portfolio shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisers about their particular situation.
A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax on income referred to above.
Shareholder Reporting Obligations with Respect to Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Portfolio by vote or value could be required to report annually their financial interest in the Portfolio's foreign financial accounts, if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor, and persons investing in the Portfolio through an intermediary should contact their intermediary, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, FATCA) generally require the Portfolio to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an IGA) between the United States and a foreign government. If a shareholder fails to provide the requested information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Portfolio may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends it pays. The IRS and the Department of Treasury have issued proposed regulations providing that these withholding rules will not apply to the gross proceeds of share redemptions or Capital Gain Dividends the Portfolio pays. If a payment by the Portfolio is subject to FATCA withholding, the Portfolio is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends).
Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor's own situation, including investments through an intermediary.
Cost Basis Reporting
U.S. Treasury regulations mandate cost basis reporting to shareholders and the IRS for redemptions of Portfolio shares. With respect to shares acquired and held directly through the Portfolio and not through a financial intermediary, the Portfolio will use a default average cost basis methodology for tracking and reporting cost basis on Portfolio shares, unless another cost basis reporting methodology is requested in writing.
General Considerations
The U.S. federal income tax discussion set forth above is for general information only. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisers regarding the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences of purchasing, holding, and disposing of shares of the Portfolio, as well as the effects of state, local, foreign, and other tax laws and any proposed tax law changes.
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ITEM 25. UNDERWRITERS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 26. CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE DATA
Not applicable.
ITEM 27. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for the Portfolio, including E&Y's report for the Portfolio thereon, are included in the Trust's Annual Report to Shareholders, which was filed with the SEC on March 8, 2023 (SEC Accession No. 0001193125-23-064238), and are incorporated into this Part B by reference.
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APPENDIX A
RATINGS OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (MOODY'S)
GLOBAL LONG-TERM RATING SCALE
Ratings assigned on Moody's global long-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a (hyb) indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*
*
By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.
GLOBAL SHORT-TERM RATING SCALE
Ratings assigned on Moody's global short-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
P-1: Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-2: Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-3: Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
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S&P GLOBAL RATINGS (S&P)
ISSUE CREDIT RATING DEFINITIONS
An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and considers the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings' view of the obligor's capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
LONG-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS*
AAA: An obligation rated ‘AAA' has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: An obligation rated ‘AA' differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A: An obligation rated ‘A' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBB' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB; B; CCC; CC; and C: Obligations rated ‘BB', ‘B', ‘CCC', ‘CC', and ‘C' are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB' indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C' the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated ‘BB' is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated ‘B' is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB', but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated ‘CC' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC' rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C: An obligation rated ‘C' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D: An obligation rated ‘D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
NR: This indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.
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*
Ratings from 'AA' to 'CCC' may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
SHORT-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS
A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1' is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B' is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D: A short-term obligation rated ‘D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
FITCH RATINGS. (FITCH)
ISSUER DEFAULT RATINGS
Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns, insurance companies and certain sectors within public finance, are generally assigned Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs). IDRs are also assigned to certain entities in global infrastructure and project finance. IDRs opine on an entity's relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The threshold default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts.
In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agency's view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default.
AAA: Highest credit quality.
‘AAA' ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very high credit quality.
‘AA' ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High credit quality.
‘A' ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
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BBB: Good credit quality.
‘BBB' ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative.
‘BB' ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly speculative.
‘B' ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial credit risk.
Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very high levels of credit risk.
Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Near default
A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C' category rating for an issuer include:
a.
the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;
b.
the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation;
c.
the formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange;
d.
a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent.
RD: Restricted default.
‘RD' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has experienced:
a.
an uncured payment default or distressed debt exchange on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but
b.
has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and
c.
has not otherwise ceased operating.
This would include:
i.
the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;
ii.
the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;
iii.
the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D: Default.
‘D' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.
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Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
SHORT-TERM RATINGS ASSIGNED TO ISSUERS AND OBLIGATIONS
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as short term based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically, applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
Note: The modifiers + or - may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. For example, the rating category ‘AA' has three notch-specific rating levels (‘AA+'; ‘AA'; ‘AA-'; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to ‘AAA' ratings and ratings below the 'CCC' category. For the short-term rating category of ‘F1', a ‘+' may be appended. For Viability Ratings, the modifiers + or may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within categories from AA' to ‘CCC'. For derivative counterparty ratings the modifiers + or may be appended to the ratings withinAA(dcr)' to ‘CCC(dcr)' categories.
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APPENDIX B—TRUST'S PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
SSGA FUNDS
STATE STREET MASTER FUNDS
STATE STREET INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT TRUST
ELFUN GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND
ELFUN TAX-EXEMPT INCOME FUND
ELFUN INCOME FUND
ELFUN DIVERSIFIED FUND
ELFUN INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND
ELFUN TRUSTS
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
STATE STREET INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
STATE STREET VARIABLE INSURANCE SERIES FUNDS, INC. (THE COMPANY)1
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
As of September 20, 2017
The Board of Trustees/Directors of the Trust/Company (each series thereof, a Fund) have adopted the following policy and procedures with respect to voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Trust/Company's investment portfolios.
1. Proxy Voting Policy
The policy of the Trust/Company is to delegate the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Trust/Company to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., the Trust/Company's investment adviser (the Adviser), subject to the Trustees/Directors' continuing oversight.
2. Fiduciary Duty
The right to vote proxies with respect to a portfolio security held by the Trust/Company is an asset of the Trust/Company. The Adviser acts as a fiduciary of the Trust/Company and must vote proxies in a manner consistent with the best interest of the Trust/Company and its shareholders.
3. Proxy Voting Procedures
A. At least annually, the Adviser shall present to the Boards of Trustees/Directors its policies, procedures and other guidelines for voting proxies (Policy) and the policy of any Sub-adviser (as defined below) to which proxy voting authority has been delegated (see Section 9 below). In addition, the Adviser shall notify the Trustees/Directors of material changes to its Policy or the policy of any Sub-adviser promptly and not later than the next regular meeting of the Board of Trustees/Directors after such amendment is implemented.
B. At least annually, the Adviser shall present to the Boards of Trustees/Directors its policy for managing conflicts of interests that may arise through the Adviser's proxy voting activities. In addition, the Adviser shall report any Policy overrides involving portfolio securities held by a Fund to the Trustees/Directors at the next regular meeting of the Board of Trustees/Directors after such override(s) occur.
C. At least annually, the Adviser shall inform the Trustees/Director that a record is available with respect to each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Trust/Company during the year. Also see Section 5 below.
4. Revocation of Authority to Vote
The delegation by the Trustees/Directors of the authority to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Trust/Company may be revoked by the Trustees/Directors, in whole or in part, at any time.
____________
1
Unless otherwise noted, the singular term Trust/Company used throughout this document means each of SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Tax-Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund, Elfun Trusts, State Street Institutional Funds, and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
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5. Annual Filing of Proxy Voting Record
The Adviser shall provide the required data for each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Trust/Company to the Trust/Company or its designated service provider in a timely manner and in a format acceptable to be filed in the Trust/Company's annual proxy voting report on Form N-PX for the twelve-month period ended June 30. Form N-PX is required to be filed not later than August 31 of each year.
6. Retention and Oversight of Proxy Advisory Firms
A. In considering whether to retain or continue retaining a particular proxy advisory firm, the Adviser will ascertain whether the proxy advisory firm has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues, act as proxy voting agent as requested, and implement the Policy. In this regard, the Adviser will consider, at least annually, among other things, the adequacy and quality of the proxy advisory firm's staffing and personnel and the robustness of its policies and procedures regarding its ability to identify and address any conflicts of interest. The Adviser shall, at least annually, report to Boards of Trustees/Directors regarding the results of this review.
B. The Adviser will request quarterly and annual reporting from any proxy advisory firm retained by the Adviser, and hold ad hoc meetings with such proxy advisory firm, in order to determine whether there has been any business changes that might impact the proxy advisory firm's capacity or competency to provide proxy voting advice or services or changes to the proxy advisory firm's conflicts policies or procedures. The Adviser will also take reasonable steps to investigate any material factual error, notified to the Adviser by the proxy advisory firm or identified by the Adviser, made by the proxy advisory firm in providing proxy voting services.
7. Periodic Sampling
The Adviser will periodically sample proxy votes to review whether they complied with the Policy. The Adviser shall, at least annually, report to the Boards of Trustees/Directors regarding the frequency and results of the sampling performed.
8. Disclosures
A.
The Trust/Company shall include in its registration statement:
1. A description of this policy and of the policies and procedures used by the Adviser to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities; and
1. A statement disclosing that information regarding how the Trust/Company voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust/Company's toll-free telephone number; or through a specified Internet address; or both; and on the Securities and Exchange Commission's (the SEC) website.
B.
The Trust/Company shall include in its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders:
1. A statement disclosing that a description of the policies and procedures used by or on behalf of the Trust/Company to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Funds is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust/Company's toll-free telephone number; through a specified Internet address, if applicable; and on the SEC's website; and
2. A statement disclosing that information regarding how the Trust/Company voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust/Company's toll-free telephone number; or through a specified Internet address; or both; and on the SEC's website.
9. Sub-Advisers
For certain Funds, the Adviser may retain investment management firms (Sub-advisers) to provide day-to-day investment management services to the Funds pursuant to sub-advisory agreements. It is the policy of the Trust/Company that the Adviser may delegate proxy voting authority with respect to a Fund to a Sub-adviser. Pursuant to such delegation, a Sub-adviser is authorized to vote proxies on behalf of the applicable Fund or Funds for which it serves as sub-adviser, in accordance with the Sub-adviser's proxy voting policies and procedures.
10. Review of Policy
The Trustees/Directors shall review this policy to determine its continued sufficiency as necessary from time to time.
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APPENDIX C - ADVISER’S PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES

 

 

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March 2023

Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles

State Street Global Advisors, one of the industry’s largest institutional asset managers, is the investment management arm of State Street Corporation, a leading provider of financial services to institutional investors. As an investment manager, State Street Global Advisors has discretionary proxy voting authority over most of its client accounts, and State Street Global Advisors votes these proxies in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments, as described in this document.i

 

 

 

  i

These Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles (the “Principles”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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State Street Global Advisors’ Authority and Duties to Vote Client and Fund Securities     Where State Street Global Advisors’ clients have asked it to vote their shares on their behalf or where a commingled fund fiduciary has delegated the responsibility to vote the fund’s securities to State Street Global Advisors, State Street Global Advisors votes those client and fund-owned securities in a unified manner, consistent with the Principles described in this document. Exceptions to this unified voting policy are: (1) where State Street Global Advisors has made proxy voting choices (i.e., the proxy voting program) available to investors within a commingled fund, in which case a pro rata portion of shares held by the fund attributable to investors who choose to participate in the proxy voting program would be voted consistent with the third-party proxy voting policies selected by the investors, and (2) in the limited circumstances where a pooled investment vehicle managed by State Street Global Advisors utilizes a third party proxy voting guideline as set forth in that fund’s organizational and/or offering documents. With respect to such funds utilizing third-party proxy voting guidelines, the terms of the applicable third-party proxy voting guidelines shall apply in place of the Principles described herein and the proxy votes implemented with respect to such a fund may differ from and be contrary to those votes implemented for other portfolios managed by State Street Global Advisors pursuant to its proprietary proxy voting guidelines.
   
The Principles-State Street Global Advisors’ Approach to Proxy Voting and Issuer Engagement     At State Street Global Advisors, we take our fiduciary duties as an asset manager very seriously. We have a dedicated team of corporate governance professionals who help us carry out our duties as a responsible investor. These duties include engaging with companies, developing and enhancing in-house corporate governance guidelines, analyzing corporate governance issues on a case-by-case basis at the company level, and exercising voting rights. The underlying goal is to maximize shareholder value.
    The Principles may take different perspectives on common governance issues that vary from one market to another. Similarly, engagement activity may take different forms in order to best achieve long-term engagement goals. Rather than divesting from portfolio companies, our approach is to engage with such companies. We believe that proxy voting and engagement with portfolio companies is often the most direct and productive way for shareholders to exercise their ownership rights. This comprehensive toolkit is an integral part of the overall investment process.
    We believe engagement and voting activity have a direct relationship. As a result, the integration of our engagement activities, while leveraging the exercise of voting rights, provides a meaningful shareholder tool that we believe protects and enhances the long- term economic value of the holdings in our clients’ accounts. We maximize voting power and engagement by maintaining a centralized proxy voting and active ownership process covering all holdings, regardless of strategy. Despite the vast array of investment strategies and objectives across State Street Global Advisors, the fiduciary responsibilities of share ownership and voting for which State Street Global Advisors has voting discretion are carried out with a single voice and objective.

 

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    The Principles support governance structures that we believe add to, or maximize, shareholder value for the companies held in our clients’ portfolios. We conduct issuer-specific engagements with companies to discuss our principles, including sustainability-related risks and opportunities. In addition, we encourage issuers to find ways to increase the amount of direct communication board members have with shareholders. Direct communication with executive board members and independent non-executive directors is critical to helping companies understand shareholder concerns.
    In conducting our engagements, we also evaluate the various factors that influence the corporate governance framework of a country, including the macroeconomic conditions and broader political system, the quality of regulatory oversight, the enforcement of property and shareholder rights, and the independence of the judiciary. We understand that regulatory requirements and investor expectations relating to governance practices and engagement activities differ from country to country. As a result, we engage with issuers, regulators, or a combination of the two depending upon the market. We are also a member of various investor associations that seek to address broader corporate governance-related policy at the country level.
    The State Street Global Advisors Asset Stewardship Team may consult with members of various investment teams to engage with companies on corporate governance issues and to address any specific concerns. This facilitates our comprehensive approach to information gathering as it relates to items that are to be voted upon at upcoming shareholder meetings. We also conduct issuer-specific engagements with companies, covering various corporate governance and sustainability-related topics outside of proxy season.
    The Asset Stewardship Team employs a blend of quantitative and qualitative research, analysis and data in order to support screens that identify issuers where active engagement may be necessary to protect and promote shareholder value. Issuer engagement may also be event-driven, focusing on issuer-specific corporate governance or sustainability concerns, or broader industry-related trends. We also consider the size of our total position in the issuer in question and/or the potential negative governance, performance profile, and circumstance at hand. As a result, we believe issuer engagement can take many forms and be triggered by numerous circumstances. The following approaches represent how we define engagement methods:
   
Active     We use screening tools designed to capture a mix of company-specific data, including governance and sustainability profiles, to inform our voting and engagement activity.

 

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    We will actively seek direct dialogue with the board and management of companies that we have identified through our screening processes. Such engagements may lead to further monitoring to ensure that the company improves its governance or sustainability practices. In these cases, the engagement process represents the most meaningful opportunity for us to protect long-term shareholder value from excessive risk due to poor governance and sustainability practices.
   
Reactive     Reactive engagement is initiated by issuers. We routinely discuss specific voting issues and items with the issuer community. Reactive engagement is an opportunity to address not only voting items, but also a wide range of governance and sustainability issues.
    We have established an engagement protocol that further describes our approach to issuer engagement.
   
Measurement     Our stewardship activities are designed to have an impact on company-specific and market-level disclosure and oversight practices that we believe protect and promote shareholder value.
    Company-specific successes Assessing the effectiveness of our company-specific engagement process can be challenging to measure. To limit subjectivity in measuring our success, we actively seek issuer feedback and monitor the actions taken by issuers post-engagement in order to identify tangible changes. This enables us to establish indicators to gauge how issuers respond to our concerns and to what degree these responses satisfy our requests. It is also important to note that successful engagement activity can be measured over multiple years depending on the facts and circumstances involved. These engagements not only inform our voting decisions but also allow us to monitor improvement over time and to contribute to our evolving perspectives on priority areas. We also track the impact of our proxy votes by reviewing changing trends in market practices on specific corporate-governance or sustainability-related issues that we address through voting action. We report engagement and voting actions to clients on an annual basis.
    Market-level successes We track the broader adoption of our stewardship priorities — Effective Board Oversight, Climate Risk Management, Human Capital Management, and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion - which we consider core to creating long-term value, by assessing the number of market participants that have embraced positions consistent with our thought leadership and advocacy.

 

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Proxy Voting Procedure    
 
Oversight    
 
    The Asset Stewardship Team is responsible for developing and implementing State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, regional proxy voting and engagement guidelines, and guidance published thereunder by State Street Global Advisors from time to time, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html (collectively, the “Voting Policy”), the implementation of third-party proxy voting guidelines where applicable, case-by-case voting items, issuer engagement activities, and research and analysis of governance-related issues. The Asset Stewardship Team’s activities are overseen by our internal governance body, State Street Global Advisors’ ESG Committee (the “ESG Committee”). The ESG Committee is responsible for reviewing State Street Global Advisors’ stewardship strategy, engagement priorities, and proxy voting guidelines, and for monitoring the delivery of voting objectives.
 
Proxy Voting Process    
 
    In order to facilitate our proxy voting process, we retain Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”), a firm with expertise in proxy voting and corporate governance. We utilize ISS to: (1) act as our proxy voting agent (providing State Street Global Advisors with vote execution and administration services), (2) assist in applying the Voting Policy, (3) provide research and analysis relating to general corporate governance issues and specific proxy items, and (4) provide proxy voting guidelines in limited circumstances.
    All voting decisions and engagement activities are undertaken in accordance with our in-house Voting Policy, ensuring that the interests of our clients remain the sole consideration when discharging our stewardship responsibilities. Exceptions to this policy is the use of an independent third party to vote on State Street stock and other State Street Global Advisors affiliated entities, to mitigate a conflict of interest of voting on our parent company or affiliated entities, and other situations where we retain an independent fiduciary to make a voting decision where we believe we may be conflicted from voting (for example, due to an outside business interest). In such cases, delegated third parties exercise vote decisions based upon State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines.
    We aim to vote at all shareholder meetings where our clients have given us the authority to vote their shares and where it is feasible to do so. However, when we deem appropriate, we could refrain from voting at meetings in cases where:
   

•  Power of attorney documentation is required.

 

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•  Voting will have a material impact on our ability to trade the security.

   

•  Voting is not permissible due to sanctions affecting a company or individual.

   

•  Issuer-specific special documentation is required or various market or issuer certifications are required.

   

•  Unless a client directs otherwise, State Street Global Advisors will not vote proxies in so-called “share blocking” markets (markets where proxy voters have their securities blocked from trading during the period of the annual meeting).

    Additionally, we are unable to vote proxies when certain custodians, used by our clients, do not offer proxy voting in a jurisdiction or when they charge a meeting-specific fee in excess of the typical custody service agreement.
    In rare circumstances where nuances within specific resolutions fall outside of the scope of existing voting guidelines, requiring case-by-case analysis, such resolutions are escalated to the head of Asset Stewardship and reported to the ESG Committee. Additionally, in certain cases, where a material conflict of interest is identified, the matter may be referred to the ESG Committee for review.
   
Conflict of Interest     See our standalone Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines.
 
Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles    
   
Directors and Boards     The election of directors is one of the most important fiduciary duties we perform on behalf of our clients. We believe that well-governed companies can protect and pursue shareholder interests better and withstand the challenges of an uncertain economic environment. As such, we seek to vote director elections in a way that we believe will maximize long-term value.
    Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. This concept establishes the standard by which board and director performance is measured. In order to achieve this fundamental principle, the role of the board is to carry out its responsibilities in the best long-term interest of the company and its shareholders. An independent and effective board sets the strategy and provides guidance on strategic matters, oversees management, selects the CEO and other senior executives, creates a succession plan for the board and management, provides risk oversight, and assesses the performance of the CEO and management. In contrast, management implements the business and capital allocation strategies and runs the company’s day-to-day operations. As part of our engagement process, we routinely discuss the importance of these responsibilities with the boards of issuers.

 

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    We believe the quality of a board is a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. In voting to elect nominees, we consider many factors. We believe independent directors are crucial to good corporate governance; they help management
    establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. A sufficiently independent board will effectively monitor management, maintain appropriate governance practices, and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests. We also believe the right mix of skills, independence, diversity, and qualifications among directors provides boards with the knowledge and direct experience to manage risks and operating structures that are often complex and industry-specific.
   
Accounting and Audit- Related Issues     We believe audit committees are critical and necessary as part of the board’s risk oversight role. The audit committee is responsible for setting out an internal audit function that provides robust audit and internal control systems designed to effectively manage potential and emerging risks to the company’s operations and strategy. We believe audit committees should have independent directors as members, and we will hold the members of the audit committee responsible for overseeing the management of the audit function.
    We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. As a result, board oversight of the internal controls and the independence of the audit process are essential if investors are to rely upon financial statements. It is important for the audit committee to appoint external auditors who are independent from management as we expect auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition.
   
Capital Structure, Reorganization and Mergers     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to a shareholder’s ability to monitor the amounts of proceeds and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. Altering the capital structure of a company is a critical decision for boards. When making such a decision, we believe the company should disclose a comprehensive business rationale that is consistent with corporate strategy and not overly dilutive to its shareholders.
    Mergers or reorganization of the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation.
    Proposals that are in the best interests of shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In evaluating mergers and acquisitions, we consider the impact of the corporate governance provisions to shareholders. In all cases, we use our discretion in order to maximize shareholder value.

 

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    Occasionally, companies add anti-takeover provisions that reduce the chances of a potential acquirer to make an offer, or to reduce the likelihood of a successful offer. We do not support proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights, entrench management, or reduce the likelihood of shareholders’ right to vote on reasonable offers.
   
Compensation     We consider it the board’s responsibility to identify the appropriate level of executive compensation. Despite the differences among the types of plans and the awards possible, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive compensation: we believe that there should be a direct relationship between executive compensation and company performance over the long term.
    Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of various remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also consider executive compensation practices when re-electing members of the remuneration committee.
    We recognize that compensation policies and practices are unique from market to market; often there are significant differences between the level of disclosures, the amount and forms of compensation paid, and the ability of shareholders to approve executive compensation practices. As a result, our ability to assess the appropriateness of executive compensation is often dependent on market practices and laws.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social issues. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing a material environmental or social topic would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social topics, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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General/Routine     Although we do not seek involvement in the day-to-day operations of an organization, we recognize the need for conscientious oversight and input into management decisions that may affect a company’s value. We support proposals that encourage economically advantageous corporate practices and governance, while leaving decisions that are deemed to be routine or constitute ordinary business to management and the board of directors.
   
Fixed Income Stewardship     The two elements of our fixed income stewardship program are:
    Proxy Voting:
    While matters that arise for a vote at bondholder meetings vary by jurisdiction, examples of common proxy voting resolutions at bondholder meetings include:
   

•  Approving amendments to debt covenants and/or terms of issuance

   

•  Authorizing procedural matters, such as filing of required documents/other formalities

   

•  Approving debt restructuring plans

   

•  Abstaining from challenging the bankruptcy trustees

   

•  Authorizing repurchase of issued debt security

   

•  Approving the placement of unissued debt securities under the control of directors

   

•  Approving spin-off/absorption proposals

    Given the nature of the items that arise for vote at bondholder meetings, we take a case-by-case approach to voting bondholder resolutions. Where necessary, we will engage with issuers on voting matters prior to arriving at voting decisions. All voting decisions will be made in the best interest of our clients.
    Issuer Engagement:
    We recognize that debt holders have limited leverage with companies on a day-to-day basis. Our guidelines for engagement with fixed income issuers broadly follow the engagement guidelines for our equity holdings, as described above.
   
Securities on Loan     As a responsible investor and fiduciary, we recognize the importance of balancing the benefits of voting shares and the incremental lending revenue for the pooled funds that participate in State Street Global Advisors’ securities lending program (the “Funds”). Our objective is to recall securities on loan and restrict future lending until after the record date for the respective vote in instances where we believe that a particular vote could have a material impact on the Funds’ long-term financial performance and the benefit of voting shares will outweigh the forgone lending income.

 

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    Accordingly, we have set systematic recall and lending restriction criteria for shareholder meetings involving situations with the highest potential financial implications (such as proxy contests and strategic transactions including mergers and acquisitions, going dark transactions, change of corporate form, bankruptcy and liquidation).
    Generally, these criteria for recall and restriction for lending only apply to certain large cap indices in developed markets.
    State Street Global Advisors monitors the forgone lending revenue associated with each recall to determine if the impact on the Funds’ long-term financial performance and the benefit of voting shares will outweigh the forgone lending income.
    Although our objective is to systematically recall securities based on the aforementioned criteria, we must receive notice of the vote in sufficient time to recall the shares on or before the record date. In cases in which we do not receive timely notice, we may be unable to recall the shares on or before the record date.
   
Reporting     We provide transparency for our stewardship activities through our regular client reports and relevant information reported online. We publish an annual stewardship report that provides details of our stewardship approach, engagement and voting policies, and activities during the year. The annual report is complemented by quarterly stewardship activity reports as well as the regular publication of thought leadership on governance and sustainability on our website. Our voting record information is available on Vote View, an interactive platform that provides relevant company details, proposal types, resolution descriptions, and records of our votes cast.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
    * Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.
    This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communications

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s

Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment

Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent

investment performance. Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482717-3479888.7.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Australia and New Zealand

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for Australia and New Zealand outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in Australia and New Zealand. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Australia and New Zealand address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets as well as country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues in Australia and New Zealand, we expect all companies at a minimum to comply with the ASX Corporate Governance Principles or the NZX Corporate Governance Code, based on their locations. Consistent with the ‘comply or explain’ expectations established by the Principles and the Code, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Principles or the Code. In instances of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise in order to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagement to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors with a good balance of skills, expertise, and independence provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    In our analysis of boards, we consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues, such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint.
    We may also consider board performance and directors who appear to be remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities when analyzing their suitability for reappointment (e.g. fraud, criminal wrongdoing and breach of fiduciary responsibilities).
   
Board Independence     In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    We expect boards of ASX 300 and New Zealand listed companies to be comprised of at least a majority of independent directors. At all other Australian listed companies, we expect boards to be comprised of at least one-third independent directors.

 

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    Our broad criteria for director independence in Australia and New Zealand include factors such as:
   

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

   

•  Employment history with company

   

•  Relations with controlling shareholders

   

•  Family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors, or senior employees

   
Separation Chair/CEO     While we are generally supportive of having the roles of chairman and CEO separated in the Australian and New Zealand markets, we assess the division of responsibilities between chairman and CEO on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to factors such as company-specific circumstances, overall level of independence on the board and general corporate governance standards in the company. Similarly, we will monitor for circumstances in which a combined chairman/CEO is appointed or where a former CEO becomes chairman.
   
Director Time Commitments     When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships that a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:
   

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

   

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

   

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

    For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:
   

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

   

— This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat

   

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

 

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•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

   

•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

    If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.
    Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.
   
Director Attendance at Board Meetings     We also consider attendance at board meetings and may withhold votes from directors who attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold. In addition, we monitor other factors that may influence the independence of a non-executive director, such as performance-related pay, cross-directorships, significant shareholdings, and tenure. We support the annual election of directors and encourage Australian and New Zealand companies to adopt this practice.
   
Board Committees     We believe companies should have committees for audit, remuneration, and nomination oversight. The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the company, appointing external auditors, monitoring their qualifications and independence, and their effectiveness and resource levels. ASX Corporate Governance Principles requires listed companies to have an audit committee of at least three members all of whom are non-executive directors and a majority of whom are independent directors. It also requires that the committee be chaired by an independent director who is not the chair of the board. We hold Australian and New Zealand companies to our global standards for developed financial markets by requiring that all members of the audit committee be independent directors.
    The nomination committee is responsible for evaluating and reviewing the balance of skills, knowledge, and experience of the board. It also ensures that adequate succession plans are in place for directors and the CEO. We may vote against the re-election of members of the nomination committee if the board has failed to address concerns over board structure or succession.

 

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Board Gender Diversity     We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of ASX 300 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (ASX 300) or for adding a woman director (non-ASX 300).
   
Board Responsiveness to High Dissent Against Pay Proposals     Executive pay is another important aspect of corporate governance. We believe that executive pay should be determined by the board of directors. We expect companies to have in place remuneration committees to provide independent oversight over executive pay. ASX Corporate Governance Principles require listed companies to have a remuneration committee of at least three members all of whom are non-executive directors and a majority of whom are independent directors. Similarly, the NZX Corporate Governance Code recommends that at least a majority of remuneration committee members be independent.
    Since Australia has a non-binding vote on pay with a two-strike rule requiring a board spill vote in the event of a second strike, we believe that the vote provides investors a mechanism to address concerns they may have on the quality of oversight provided by the board on remuneration issues. Accordingly, our voting guidelines accommodate local market practice.
    We believe poorly structured executive compensation plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high level of dissent against a company’s compensation proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.
   
Climate-related Disclosure     State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate- related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

 

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    As such, we may take voting action against companies in the ASX 200 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, State Street Global Advisors supports proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law, if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 

Shareholder Rights

 

   
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

   

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

   

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

   

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

    If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.
   
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues     Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting out an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have independent non-executive directors designated as members.

 

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Appointment of External Auditors     State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or to re-appoint at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we will take into consideration the level of detail in company disclosures. We will generally not support resolutions if adequate breakdown is not provided and if non-audit fees are more than 50 percent of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. In certain circumstances, we may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.
 

Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers

 

   
   
Share Issuances     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to shareholders’ ability to monitor the returns and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. State Street Global Advisors supports capital increases that have sound business reasons and are not excessive relative to a company’s existing capital base.
    Pre-emption rights are a fundamental right for shareholders to protect their investment in a company. Where companies seek to issue new shares without pre-emption rights, we may vote against if such authorities are greater than 20 percent of the issued share capital. We may also vote against resolutions seeking authority to issue capital with pre-emption rights if the aggregate amount allowed seems excessive and is not justified by the board. Generally, we are against capital issuance proposals greater than 100 percent of the issued share capital when the proceeds are not intended for specific purpose.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     We generally support proposals to repurchase shares, unless the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased, and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.

 

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Dividends     We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against a dividend payout if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation. We may also vote against if the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be warranted when the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or reorganization of the company structure often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals that are in the best interests of shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported. We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/or management conflicts of interest

   

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

   

•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     We oppose anti-takeover defenses, such as authorities for the board to issue warrants convertible into shares to existing shareholders during a hostile takeover.

 

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Remuneration

 

   
   
Executive Pay     There is a simple underlying philosophy that guides State Street Global Advisors’ analysis of executive pay; there should be a direct relationship between remuneration and company performance over the long term. Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider various factors, such as adequate disclosure of different remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports in which there seems to be a misalignment between pay and shareholders’ interests and where incentive policies and schemes have a re-test option or feature. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach.
   
Equity Incentive Plans     We may not support proposals on equity-based incentive plans where insufficient information is provided on matters, such as grant limits, performance metrics, performance, and vesting periods and overall dilution. Generally, we do not support options under such plans being issued at a discount to market price nor plans that allow for re-testing of performance metrics.
   
Non-Executive Director Pay     Authorities that seek shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees generally are not controversial. We generally support resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless disclosure is poor and we are unable to determine whether the fees are excessive relative to fees paid by other comparable companies. We will evaluate any non-cash or performance-related pay to non-executive directors on a company-by-company basis.
   
Risk Management and Oversight     State Street Global Advisors believes that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion over the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

 

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    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care. .
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

   

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense —Tour A —La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 —REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment

Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as

to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance.

Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482395-3479907.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Continental Europe

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for Continental Europe outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in European markets, excluding the United Kingdom and Ireland. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Continental Europe address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.

 

When voting and engaging with companies in European markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.

 

In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues at European companies, we expect all companies at a minimum to comply with guidance issued by the European Commission and country-specific governance codes. Consistent with the “comply-or-explain” expectations commonly established by guidance and codes, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with applicable provisions and requirements. In cases of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structures effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.

 

   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy    

In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise in order to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagements to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.

 

The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
 
   

We believe that a well-constituted board of directors with a balance of skills, expertise and independence, provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.

 

In our analysis of boards, we consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint.

 

We may also consider factors such as board performance and directors who appear to be remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities (e.g. fraud, criminal wrongdoing and/or breach of fiduciary responsibilities).

   
Board Independence    

In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.

 

Our broad criteria for director independence in European companies include factors such as:

 

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

 

•  Employment history with the company

 

•  Relations with controlling shareholders

 

•  Family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors or senior employees

 

•  Serving as an employee or government representative

 

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•  Overall average board tenure and individual director tenure at issuers with classified and de-classified boards, respectively, and

 

•  Company classification of a director as non-independent

 

While overall board independence requirements and board structures differ from market to market, we consider voting against directors we deem non-independent if overall board independence is below 33 percent or if overall independence level is below 50 percent after excluding employee representatives and/or directors elected in accordance with local laws who are not elected by shareholders. We may withhold support for a proposal to discharge the board if a company does not meet adequate governance standards or board level independence.

   
Separation Chair/CEO     We also assess the division of responsibilities between chair and CEO on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to factors such as overall level of independence on the board and general corporate governance standards in the company. However, we may take voting action against the chair or members of the nominating committee at the STOXX Europe 600 companies that have combined the roles of chair and CEO and have not appointed an independent deputy chair or a lead independent director.
   
Director Time Commitments    

When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:

 

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

 

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

 

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

 

For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:

 

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

 

– This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat

 

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

 

•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

 

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•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

 

If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.

 

Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.

   
Director Attendance at Board Meetings     We also consider attendance at board meetings and may withhold votes from directors who attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold. In addition, we monitor other factors that may influence the independence of a non-executive director, such as performance-related pay, cross-directorships and significant shareholdings. Moreover, we may vote against the election of a director whose biographical disclosures are insufficient to assess his or her role on the board and/or independence.
   
Board Gender Diversity    

We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of STOXX 600 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.

 

We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (STOXX 600) or for adding a woman director (non-STOXX 600).

   
Length of Board Terms     Although we generally are in favour of the annual election of directors, we recognise that director terms vary considerably in different European markets. We may vote against article/bylaw changes that seek to extend director terms. In addition, we may vote against directors in certain markets if their terms extend beyond four years.

 

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Board Committees    

We believe companies should have relevant board level committees for audit, remuneration and nomination oversight. The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the company, appointing external auditors, monitoring their qualifications and independence, and assessing effectiveness and resource levels. Similarly, executive pay is an important aspect of corporate governance, and it should be determined by the board of directors. We expect companies to have remuneration committees to provide independent oversight of executive pay. We may vote against nominees who are executive members of audit or remuneration committees.

 

In certain European markets, it is not uncommon for the election of directors to be presented in a single slate. In these cases, where executives serve on the audit or the remuneration committees, we may vote against the entire slate.

   
Board Responsiveness to High Dissent Against Pay Proposals     Poorly-structured executive remuneration plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high levels of dissent against a company’s remuneration proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a remuneration-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.
   
Climate-related Disclosure    

State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

 

As such, we may take voting action against companies in the STOXX 600 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.

   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law if a director has not acted in bad faith, with gross negligence, or with reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.

 

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Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:

 

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

 

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

 

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

 

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

 

If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.

   
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues     Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting up an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have as members independent non-executive directors.
   
Appointment of External Auditors     We believe that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or re-appoint them at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we consider the level of detail in company disclosures; we will generally not support such resolutions if adequate breakdown is not provided and if non-audit fees are more than 50 percent of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. We may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process in certain circumstances.
   
Limit Legal Liability of External Auditors     We generally oppose limiting the legal liability of audit firms as we believe this could create a negative impact on the quality of the audit function.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

 

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Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers In some European markets, differential voting rights continue to exist. State Street Global Advisors supports the one-share, one-vote policy and favors a share structure where all shares have equal voting rights. We believe pre-emption rights should be introduced for shareholders in order to provide adequate protection from excessive dilution from the issuance of new shares or convertible securities to third parties or a small number of select shareholders.

   
Unequal Voting Rights     We generally oppose proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of common stock with superior voting rights. We will generally oppose the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution and other rights. In addition, we will not support capitalization changes that add classes of stock with undefined voting rights or classes that may dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders. We support proposals to abolish voting caps and capitalization changes that eliminate other classes of stock and/or unequal voting rights.
   
Increase in Authorized Capital     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to shareholders’ ability to monitor returns and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. We support capital increases that have sound business reasons and are not excessive relative to a company’s existing capital base.
    Pre-emption rights are a fundamental right for shareholders to protect their investment in a company. Where companies seek to issue new shares whilst disapplying pre-emption rights, we may vote against if such authorities are greater than 20 percent of the issued share capital. We may also vote against resolutions that seek authority to issue capital with pre-emption rights if the aggregate amount allowed seems excessive and is not justified by the board. Generally, we oppose capital issuance proposals greater than 100 percent of the issued share capital when the proceeds are not intended for a specific purpose.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     We typically support proposals to repurchase shares; however, there are exceptions in some cases. We do not support repurchases if the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased, the range of premium/discount to market price at which the company can repurchase shares, and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.

 

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Dividends     We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against the dividend payouts if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation or the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be paid to cases in which the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.
   
Related-Party Transactions     Some companies in European markets have a controlled ownership structure and complex cross-shareholdings between subsidiaries and parent companies (“related companies”). Such structures may result in the prevalence of related-party transactions between the company and its various stakeholders, such as directors and management, subsidiaries and shareholders. In markets where shareholders are required to approve such transactions, we expect companies to provide details of the transaction, such as the nature, the value and the purpose of such a transaction. We also encourage independent directors to ratify such transactions. Further, we encourage companies to describe the level of independent board oversight and the approval process, including details of any independent valuations provided by financial advisors on related-party transactions.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or restructurings often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, mergers, liquidation and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals will be supported if they are in the best interest of the shareholders, which is demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported.
   

We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include:

 

•  Offer premium

 

•  Strategic rationale

 

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including director and/or management conflicts of interest

 

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

 

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

We may vote against a transaction considering the following:

 

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

 

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•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

 

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting.

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     European markets have diverse regulations concerning the use of share issuances as takeover defenses, with legal restrictions lacking in some markets. We support the one-share, one-vote policy. For example, dual-class capital structures entrench certain shareholders and management, insulating them from possible takeovers. We oppose unlimited share issuance authorizations because they can be used as anti-takeover devices. They have the potential for substantial voting and earnings dilution. We also monitor the duration of time for authorities to issue shares, as well as whether there are restrictions and caps on multiple issuance authorities during the specified time periods. We oppose antitakeover defenses, such as authorities for the board when subject to a hostile takeover to issue warrants convertible into shares to existing shareholders.
 
Remuneration    
   
Executive Pay    

Despite the differences among the various types of plans and awards, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive pay: there should be a direct relationship between remuneration and company performance over the long term.

 

Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach.

   
Equity Incentives Plans     We may not support proposals regarding equity-based incentive plans where insufficient information is provided on matters, including grant limits, performance metrics, performance and vesting periods, and overall dilution. Generally, we do not support options under such plans being issued at a discount to market price or plans that allow for retesting of performance metrics.

 

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Non-Executive Director Pay     In European markets, proposals seeking shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees are generally not controversial. We typically support resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless disclosure is poor and we are unable to determine whether the fees are excessive relative to fees paid by comparable companies. We will evaluate any non-cash or performance-related pay to non-executive directors on a company-by-company basis.
   
Risk Management    

We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

 

As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.

 

Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.

   
Environmental and Social Issues    

As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.

 

For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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About State Street

Global Advisors

    For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion† under our care.
   

* Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

   

This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and

whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A —La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay,

Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 —REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association.

Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482701-3479909.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Japan

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for Japan outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in Japan. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc.. SSGA Funds Management, Inc.is an SEC-registered investment adviser. SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street make up State Street Global Advisors, the investment management arm of State Street Corporation.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Japan address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, remuneration and mergers, compensation, and other governance-related issues. When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect all companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as any country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    With companies in Japan, State Street Global Advisors takes into consideration the unique aspects of Japanese corporate governance structures. We recognize that under Japanese corporate law, companies may choose between three structures of corporate governance: the statutory auditor system, the committee structure and the hybrid structure.
    Most Japanese boards predominantly consist of executives and non-independent outsiders affiliated through commercial relationships or cross-shareholdings. Nonetheless, when evaluating companies, State Street Global Advisors expects the boards of Japanese companies to address conflicts of interest and risk management, and to demonstrate an effective process for monitoring management.
    Regardless of the corporate governance structure a company adopts, we expect all companies at a minimum to comply with Japan’s Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”). Consistent with the ‘comply or explain’ expectations established by the Code, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Code. In instances of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagement to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.

 

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    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) Investment Teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

   
Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors with a balance of skills, expertise and independence provides the foundation for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    Japanese companies have the option of having a traditional board of directors with statutory auditors, a board with a committee structure, or a hybrid board with a board level audit committee. We will generally support companies that seek shareholder approval to adopt a committee or hybrid board structure.
    Most Japanese issuers prefer the traditional statutory auditor structure. Statutory auditors act in a quasi-compliance role, as they are not involved in strategic decision-making, nor are they part of the formal management decision process. Statutory auditors attend board meetings, but do not have voting rights at the board; however, they have the right to seek an injunction and conduct broad investigations of unlawful behavior in the company’s operations.
    State Street Global Advisors will support the election of statutory auditors unless the outside statutory auditor nominee is regarded as non-independent based on our criteria, the outside statutory auditor has attended less than 75 percent of meetings of the board of directors or the board of statutory auditors during the year under review, or the statutory auditor has been remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities (fraud, criminal wrongdoing, and breach of fiduciary responsibilities).

 

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    Board Independence
    In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. A sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions that are necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    We believe that boards of TOPIX 500 companies should have at least three independent directors and be at least one-third independent. Otherwise, we may oppose the board leader who is responsible for the director nomination process.
    For non-TOPIX 500 companies, we may oppose the board leader if the board does not have at least two independent directors. For companies with a committee structure or a hybrid board structure, we also take into consideration the overall independence level of the committees.
   

In determining director independence, we consider the following factors:

 

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

 

•  Past employment with the company

 

•  Professional services provided to the company

 

•  Family ties with the company

 

Regardless of board structure, we may oppose the election of a director for the following reasons:

 

•  Failure to attend board meetings

 

•  In instances of egregious actions related to a director’s service on the board

 

   
Board Gender Diversity     We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member. If a company does not meet this expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet this expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for adding at least one woman to its board.

 

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Climate-related Disclosures     State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.
    As such, we take voting action against companies in the TOPIX 100 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, State Street Global Advisors supports proposals to limit directors’ and statutory auditors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law, if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. We believe limitations and indemnification are necessary to attract and retain qualified directors.
 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

   

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

   

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

   

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

   

If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.

 

   
Accounting and Audit- Related Issues     State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should have the opportunity to vote on the appointment of the auditor at the annual meeting.

 

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Ratifying External Auditors     We generally support the appointment of external auditors unless the external auditor is perceived as being non-independent and there are concerns about the accounts presented and the audit procedures followed.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.
   
Limiting Legal Liability of External Auditors     We generally oppose limiting the legal liability of audit firms as we believe this could create a negative impact on the quality of the audit function.
 
Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers    
   
Unequal Voting Rights     State Street Global Advisors supports the “one-share, one-vote” policy and favors a share structure where all shares have equal voting rights. We support proposals to abolish voting caps or multiple voting rights and will oppose measures to introduce these types of restrictions on shareholder rights.
    We generally oppose proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of common stock with superior voting rights. We will generally oppose new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights. In addition, we will not support capitalization changes that add classes of stock with undefined voting rights or classes that may dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders.
    However, we will support capitalization changes that eliminate other classes of stock and/ or unequal voting rights.
   
Share Capital Increases     We believe pre-emption rights should be introduced for shareholders. This can provide adequate protection from excessive dilution due to the issuance of new shares or convertible securities to third parties or a small number of select shareholders.
   
Increase in Authorized Capital     We generally support increases in authorized capital where the company provides an adequate explanation for the use of shares. In the absence of an adequate explanation, we may oppose the request if the increase in authorized capital exceeds 100 percent of the currently authorized capital. Where share issuance requests exceed our standard threshold, we will consider the nature of the specific need, such as mergers, acquisitions and stock splits.

 

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Dividends     We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against a dividend payout if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation or if the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be paid where the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     Companies are allowed under Japan Corporate Law to amend their articles to authorize the repurchase of shares at the board’s discretion. We will oppose such amendments. We believe the company should seek shareholder approval for a share repurchase program at each year’s AGM, providing shareholders the right to evaluate the terms of the repurchase.
    We generally support proposals to repurchase shares, unless the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or reorganizing the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, mergers, liquidations and other major changes to the corporation. We will support proposals that are in the best interests of shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations. In general, provisions that are deemed to be destructive to shareholders’ rights or financially detrimental will not be supported.
    We evaluate mergers and structural reorganizations on a case-by-case basis. We will generally support transactions that we believe will maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include, but are not limited to, the following:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including director and/ or management conflicts of interest

   

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

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    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

   

•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  Offers in which the current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     In general, State Street Global Advisors believes that adoption of poison pills that have been structured to protect management and to prevent takeover bids from succeeding is not in shareholders’ interest. A shareholder rights plan may lead to management entrenchment. It may also discourage legitimate tender offers and acquisitions. Even if the premium paid to companies with a shareholder rights plan is higher than that offered to unprotected firms, a company’s chances of receiving a takeover offer in the first place may be reduced by the presence of a shareholder rights plan.
    Proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights or have the effect of entrenching incumbent management will not be supported.
    Proposals that enhance the right of shareholders to make their own choices as to the desirability of a merger or other proposal are supported.
   
Shareholder Rights Plans     In evaluating the adoption or renewal of a Japanese issuer’s shareholder rights plans (“poison pill”), we consider the following conditions: (i) release of proxy circular with details of the proposal with adequate notice in advance of meeting, (ii) minimum trigger of over 20 percent, (iii) maximum term of three years, (iv) sufficient number of independent directors, (v) presence of an independent committee, (vi) annual election of directors, and (vii) lack of protective or entrenchment features. Additionally, we consider the length of time that a shareholder rights plan has been in effect.
    In evaluating an amendment to a shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”), in addition to the conditions above, we will also evaluate and consider supporting proposals where the terms of the new plan are more favorable to shareholders’ ability to accept unsolicited offers.
   
“Cross-shareholdings”     “Cross-Shareholdings” are a long-standing feature of the balance sheets of many Japanese companies, but, in our view, can be detrimental for corporate governance practices and ultimately shareholder returns.
    Therefore, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the board leader at those TOPIX 500 companies where the “cross-shareholdings” (strategic listed shares) held by a company exceed 30 percent of the company’s net assets (as in the securities report disclosed for the previous fiscal year).

 

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    We may waive the guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound, and publicly available plan for reducing its exposure to “cross-shareholdings”:
   

•  To less than 30% by 2025; or

   

•  By 50% of current level by 2025

   
Compensation     In Japan, excessive compensation is rarely an issue. Rather, the problem tends to be the lack of connection between pay and performance. Fixed salaries and cash retirement bonuses tend to comprise a significant portion of the compensation structure while performance-based pay is generally a small portion of the total pay. State Street Global Advisors, where possible, seeks to encourage the use of performance-based compensation in Japan as an incentive for executives and as a way to align interests with shareholders.
   
Adjustments to Aggregate Compensation Ceiling for Directors     Remuneration for directors in Japan is generally reasonable. Typically, each company sets the director compensation parameters as an aggregate, thereby limiting the total pay to all directors. When requesting a change, a company must disclose the last time the ceiling was adjusted, and management provides the rationale for the ceiling increase. We will generally support proposed increases to the ceiling if the company discloses the rationale for the increase. We may oppose proposals to increase the ceiling if there has been corporate malfeasance or sustained poor performance.
   
Annual Bonuses for Directors/Statutory Auditors     In Japan, since there are no legal requirements that mandate companies to seek shareholder approval before awarding a bonus, we believe that existing shareholder approval of the bonus should be considered best practice. As a result, we support management proposals on executive compensation where there is a strong relationship between executive pay and performance over a five-year period.
   
Retirement Bonuses for Directors/Statutory Auditors     While many companies in Japan have abolished the practice where retirement bonuses, based upon tenure, make up a sizeable portion of directors and auditors’ lifetime compensation, there remain many proposals seeking shareholder approval for the total amounts paid to directors and statutory auditors as a whole. In general, we support these payments unless the recipient is an outsider or in instances where the amount is not disclosed.
   
Stock Plans     Most option plans in Japan are conservative, particularly at large companies. Japanese corporate law requires companies to disclose the monetary value of the stock options for directors and/or statutory auditors. Some companies do not disclose the maximum number of options that can be issued per year and shareholders are unable to evaluate the dilution impact. In this case, we cannot calculate the dilution level and, therefore, we may oppose such plans due to poor disclosure. We also oppose plans that allow for the repricing of options.

 

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Deep Discount Options     As Japanese companies move away from the retirement bonus system, deep discount options plans have become more popular. Typically, the exercise price is set at JPY 1 per share. We evaluate deep discount options using the same criteria used to evaluate stock options and consider the vesting period.
   
Risk Management     We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.
    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we investon behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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General/Routine    
   

Expansion of

Business Activities

    Japanese companies’ articles of incorporation strictly define the types of businesses in which a company is permitted to engage. In general, State Street Global Advisors views proposals that expand and diversify the company’s business activities as routine and non-contentious. We will monitor instances in which there has been an inappropriate acquisition and diversification away from the company’s main area of competence that resulted in a decrease of shareholder value.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communications

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78

Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay,

Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers

Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’

Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of,

nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate

EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482398-3479913.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

United Kingdom and Ireland

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for the United Kingdom and Ireland outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in the United Kingdom and Ireland. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for the United Kingdom (“UK”) and Ireland address our market-specific approach to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country-specific best practice guideliness and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues in the UK and Ireland, we expect all companies that obtain a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange or the Irish Stock Exchange, regardless of domicile, to comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”), and proactively monitor companies’ adherence to the Code. Consistent with the ‘comply or explain’ expectations established by the Code, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Code. In instances of non-compliance in which companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagement to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    We believe that a well-constituted board of directors, with a balance of skills, expertise and independence, provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    We may also consider board performance and directors who appear to be remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities when analyzing their suitability for reappointment (e.g. fraud, criminal wrongdoing and breach of fiduciary responsibilities).
   
Board Independence     In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    Our broad criteria for director independence for UK companies include factors such as:
   

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

   

•  Employment history with company

   

•  Excessive tenure and a preponderance of long-tenured directors

   

•  Relations with controlling shareholders

   

•  Family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors or senior employees

   

•  Company classification of a director as non-independent

 

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Director Attendance at Board Meetings     We also consider attendance at board meetings and may withhold votes from directors who attend less than 75 percent of board meetings in a given year without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold. In addition, we monitor other factors that may influence the independence of a non-executive director, such as performance-related pay, cross-directorships and significant shareholdings.
   
Classified Boards     We support the annual election of directors.
   
Separation Chair/CEO     While we are generally supportive of having the roles of chair and CEO separated in the UK market, we assess the division of responsibilities between chair and CEO on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to factors such as the company’s specific circumstances, overall level of independence on the board and general corporate governance standards in the company. Similarly, we monitor for circumstances in which a combined chair/CEO is appointed or a former CEO becomes chair.
   
Board Committees     We believe companies should have committees for audit, remuneration and nomination oversight. The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the company, the appointment of external auditors, auditor qualifications and independence, and effectiveness and resource levels. Similarly, executive pay is an important aspect of corporate governance, and it should be determined by the board of directors. We expect companies to have remuneration committees to provide independent oversight over executive pay. We may vote against nominees who are executive members of audit or remuneration committees.
    We consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint. The nomination committee is responsible for evaluating and reviewing the balance of skills, knowledge, and experience of the board. It also ensures that adequate succession plans are in place for directors and the CEO. We may vote against the re-election of members of the nomination committee if, over time, the board has not addressed concerns over board structure or succession.
    Poorly structured executive compensation plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high level of dissent against a company’s compensation proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.

 

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Board Gender Diversity     We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of FTSE 350 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (FTSE 350) or for adding a woman director (non-FTSE 350).
   
Board Racial/Ethnic Diversity     Effective board oversight of a company’s long-term business strategy necessitates a diversity of perspectives, especially in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. If a company in the FTSE 350 does not disclose, at minimum, the gender, racial and ethnic composition of its board, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee. We may withhold support from the Chair of the nominating committee also when a company in the FTSE 100 does not have at least one director from an underrepresented racial and/or ethnic community on its board.
   
Director Time Commitments     When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:
   

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

   

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

   

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

    For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:
   

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

        – This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat
   

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

   

•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

 

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•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

    If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.
    Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.
   
Climate-related Disclosures     State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.
    As such, we may take voting action against companies in the FTSE 350 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law. This holds if a director has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, nor reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

   

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

 

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•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

    If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.
   
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues     Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting out an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have as members independent non-executive directors. Appointment of External Auditors
   
Appointment of External Auditors     State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or re-appoint at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we take into consideration the level of detail in company disclosures and will generally not support such resolutions if an adequate breakdown is not provided and if non-audit fees are more than 50% of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. In certain circumstances, we may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process.
   
Limit Legal Liability of External Auditors     We generally oppose limiting the legal liability of audit firms because we believe this could create a negative impact on the quality of the audit function.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.
 
Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers    
   
Share Issuances     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is essential to shareholders’ ability to monitor returns and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. We support capital increases that have sound business reasons and are not excessive relative to a company’s existing capital base.

 

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    Pre-emption rights are a fundamental right for shareholders to protect their investment in a company. Where companies seek to issue new shares without pre-emption rights, we may vote against if such authorities are greater than 20% of the issued share capital. We may also vote against resolutions that seek authority to issue capital with pre-emption rights if the aggregate amount allowed seems excessive and is not justified by the board. Generally, we are against capital issuance proposals greater than 100% of the issued share capital when the proceeds are not intended for a specific purpose.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     We generally support a proposal to repurchase shares. However, this is not the case if the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased, the range of premium/discount to market price at which a company can repurchase shares, and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.
 
Dividends    
 
    We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30% or more of net income. We may vote against the dividend payouts if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30% without adequate explanation or the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be paid where the payment may damage the company’s long term financial health.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or reorganizing the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, mergers, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals that are in the best interests of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights and are not supported.
    We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include the following:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/ or management conflicts of interest

 

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•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

   

•  Offers in which we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     We oppose anti-takeover defenses such as authorities for the board when subject to a hostile takeover to issue warrants convertible into shares to existing shareholders.
   
Notice Period to Convene a General Meeting     We expect companies to give as much notice as is practicable when calling a general meeting. Generally, we are not supportive of authorizations seeking to reduce the notice period to 14 days.
 
Remuneration    
   
Executive Pay     Despite the differences among the types of plans and awards possible, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive pay: there should be a direct relationship between remuneration and company performance over the long term.
    Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration policies and reports, we consider adequate disclosure of various remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices or if the company has not been responsive to shareholder concerns.

 

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Equity Incentive Plans     We may not support proposals on equity-based incentive plans where insufficient information is provided on matters such as grant limits, performance metrics, performance, vesting periods, and overall dilution. Generally we do not support options under such plans being issued at a discount to market price or plans that allow for re-testing of performance metrics.
   
Non-Executive Director Pay     Authorities that seek shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees are generally not controversial. We typically support resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless disclosure is poor and we are unable to determine whether they are excessive relative to fees paid by comparable companies. We will evaluate any non-cash or performance related pay to non-executive directors on a company- by-company basis.
   
Risk Management     State Street Global Advisors believes that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight of the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion over how they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the with a changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify their operations into new areas.
    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.

 

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Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion† under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240- 7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan,

Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482704-3479919.3.1.GBL.RTL    0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

North America (United States & Canada)

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for North America outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States and Canada. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for North America (United States [“US”] and Canada) address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, compensation, and other governance-related issues.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues in North America, we expect all companies to act in a transparent manner and to provide detailed disclosure on board profiles, related-party transactions, executive compensation, and other governance issues that impact shareholders’ long-term interests. Further, as a founding member of the Investor Stewardship Group (“ISG”), we proactively monitor companies’ adherence to the Corporate Governance Principles for US listed companies (the “Principles”). Consistent with the “comply-or-explain” expectations established by the Principles, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Principles. In instances of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagements to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and various other investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors, with a balance of skills, expertise, and independence, provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    In our analysis of boards, we consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues, such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint.
    In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    Director-related proposals include issues submitted to shareholders that deal with the composition of the board or with members of a corporation’s board of directors. In deciding the director nominee to support, we consider numerous factors.
   
Director Elections     Our director election guideline focuses on companies’ governance profile to identify if a company demonstrates appropriate governance practices or if it exhibits negative governance practices. Factors we consider when evaluating governance practices include, but are not limited to the following:
   

•  Shareholder rights

   

•  Board independence

   

•  Board structure

 

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    If a company demonstrates appropriate governance practices, we believe a director should be classified as independent based upon the relevant listing standards or local market practice standards. In such cases, the composition of the key oversight committees of a board should meet the minimum standards of independence. Accordingly, we may vote against a nominee at a company with appropriate governance practices if the director is classified as non-independent under relevant listing standards or local market practice and serves on a key committee of the board (compensation, audit, nominating, or committees required to be fully independent by local market standards).
    Conversely, if a company demonstrates negative governance practices, State Street Global Advisors believes the classification standards for director independence should be elevated. In such circumstances, we will evaluate all director nominees based upon the following classification standards:
   

•  Is the nominee an employee of or related to an employee of the issuer or its auditor?

   

•  Does the nominee provide professional services to the issuer?

   

•  Has the nominee attended an appropriate number of board meetings?

   

•  Has the nominee received non-board related compensation from the issuer?

    In the US market where companies demonstrate negative governance practices, these stricter standards will apply not only to directors who are a member of a key committee but to all directors on the board as market practice permits. Accordingly, we may vote against a nominee (with the exception of the CEO) where the board has inappropriate governance practices and is considered not independent based on the above independence criteria.
    Additionally, we may withhold votes from directors based on the following:
   

•  Overall average board tenure is excessive. In assessing excessive tenure, we consider factors such as the preponderance of long tenured directors, board refreshment practices, and classified board structures

   

•  Directors attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold

   

•  Directors of companies that have not been responsive to a shareholder proposal that received a majority shareholder support at the last annual or special meeting

   

•  Consideration can be warranted if management submits the proposal(s) on the ballot as a binding management proposal, recommending shareholders vote for the particular proposal(s)

 

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•  Directors of companies have unilaterally adopted/ amended company bylaws that negatively impact our shareholder rights (such as fee-shifting, forum selection, and exclusion service bylaws) without putting such amendments to a shareholder vote

   

•  Compensation committee members where there is a weak relationship between executive pay and performance over a five-year period

   

•  Audit committee members if non-audit fees exceed 50 percent of total fees paid to the auditors

   

•  Directors who appear to have been remiss in their duties

    Board Gender Diversity
    We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of Russell 3000 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (Russell 3000) or for adding a woman director (non-Russell 3000).
    Board Racial/Ethnic Diversity
    We believe effective board oversight of a company’s long-term business strategy necessitates a diversity of perspectives, especially in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. If a company in the Russell 1000 does not disclose, at minimum, the gender, racial and ethnic composition of its board, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee. We may withhold support from the Chair of the nominating committee also when a company in the S&P 500 does not have at least one director from an underrepresented racial/ethnic community on its board.
    Workforce Diversity
    We may vote against the Chair of the compensation committee at companies in the S&P 500 that do not disclose their EEO-1 reports. Acceptable disclosures include:
   

•  The original EEO-1 report response

 

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•  The exact content of the report translated into custom graphics

    Director Time Commitments
    When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships that a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:
   

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

   

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

   

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

    For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:
   

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

   

– This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat

   

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

   

•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

   

•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

    If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time- bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.
    Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.

 

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    Climate-related Disclosures
    State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.
    As such, we may take voting action against companies in the S&P 500 and S&P/TSX Composite that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Director-Related Proposals     We generally vote for the following director-related proposals:
   

•  Discharge of board members’ duties, in the absence of pending litigation, regulatory investigation, charges of fraud, or other indications of significant concern

   

•  Proposals to restore shareholders’ ability in order to remove directors with or without cause

   

•  Proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies

   

•  Shareholder proposals seeking disclosure regarding the company, board, or compensation committee’s use of compensation consultants, such as company name, business relationship(s), and fees paid

 

    We generally vote against the following director-related proposals:
   

•  Requirements that candidates for directorships own large amounts of stock before being eligible to be elected

   

•  Proposals that relate to the “transaction of other business as properly comes before the meeting,” which extend “blank check” powers to those acting as proxy

   

•  Proposals requiring two candidates per board seat

   
Majority Voting     We will generally support a majority vote standard based on votes cast for the election of directors.
    We will generally vote to support amendments to bylaws that would require simple majority of voting shares (i.e. shares cast) to pass or to repeal certain provisions.

 

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Annual Elections     We generally support the establishment of annual elections of the board of directors. Consideration is given to the overall level of board independence and the independence of the key committees, as well as the existence of a shareholder rights plan.
   
Cumulative Voting     We do not support cumulative voting structures for the election of directors.
   
Separation Chair/CEO     We analyze proposals for the separation of Chair/CEO on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration numerous factors, including the appointment of and role played by a lead director, a company’s performance, and the overall governance structure of the company.
    However, we may take voting action against the chair or members of the nominating committee at S&P 500 companies that have combined the roles of chair and CEO and have not appointed a lead independent director.
   
Proxy Access     In general, we believe that proxy access is a fundamental right and an accountability mechanism for all long-term shareholders. We will consider proposals relating to proxy access on a case-by-case basis. We will support shareholder proposals that set parameters to empower long-term shareholders while providing management the flexibility to design a process that is appropriate for the company’s circumstances.
    We will review the terms of all other proposals and will support those proposals that have been introduced in the spirit of enhancing shareholder rights.
    Considerations include the following:
   

•  The ownership thresholds and holding duration proposed in the resolution

   

•  The binding nature of the proposal

   

•  The number of directors that shareholders may be able to nominate each year

   

•  Company governance structure

   

•  Shareholder rights

   

•  Board performance

   
Age/Term Limits     Generally, we may vote against age and term limits unless the company is found to have poor board refreshment and director succession practices, and has a preponderance of non-executive directors with excessively long tenures serving on the board.

 

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Approve Remuneration of Directors     Generally, we will support directors’ compensation, provided the amounts are not excessive relative to other issuers in the market or industry. In making our determination, we review whether the compensation is overly dilutive to existing shareholders.
   
Indemnification     Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
   
Classified Boards     We generally support annual elections for the board of directors.
   
Confidential Voting     We will support confidential voting.
   
Board Size     We will support proposals seeking to fix the board size or designate a range for the board size and will vote against proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board outside of a specified range without shareholder approval.
   
Board Responsiveness     We may vote against the re-election of members of the compensation committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach. In addition, if the level of dissent against a management proposal on executive pay is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the compensation committee.

 

 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

 

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•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

   

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

   

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

    If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.
 
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues    
   
Ratifying Auditors and Approving Auditor Compensation     We support the approval of auditors and auditor compensation provided that the issuer has properly disclosed audit and non-audit fees relative to market practice and the audit fees are not deemed excessive. We deem audit fees to be excessive if the non-audit fees for the prior year constituted 50 percent or more of the total fees paid to the auditor. We will also support the disclosure of auditor and consulting relationships when the same or related entities are conducting both activities and will support the establishment of a selection committee responsible for the final approval of significant management consultant contract awards where existing firms are already acting in an auditing function.
    In circumstances where “other” fees include fees related to initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs, and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees which are determined to be an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit/audit-related fees/tax compliance and preparation for purposes of determining whether non-audit fees are excessive.
    We will support the discharge of auditors and requirements that auditors attend the annual meeting of shareholders.
    Approval of Financial Statements
    We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

 

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Capital Structure     Capital structure proposals include requests by management for approval of amendments to the certificate of incorporation that will alter the capital structure of the company.
    The most common request is for an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock, usually in conjunction with a stock split or dividend. Typically, we support requests that are not unreasonably dilutive or enhance the rights of common shareholders. In considering authorized share proposals, the typical threshold for approval is 100percent over current authorized shares. However, the threshold may be increased if the company offers a specific need or purpose (merger, stock splits, growth purposes, etc.). All proposals are evaluated on a case-by-case basis taking into account the company’s specific financial situation.
   
Increase in Authorized Common Shares     In general, we support share increases for general corporate purposes up to 100 percent of current authorized stock.
    We support increases for specific corporate purposes up to 100 percent of the specific need plus 50 percent of current authorized common stock for US and Canadian firms.
    When applying the thresholds, we will also consider the nature of the specific need, such as mergers and acquisitions and stock splits.
   
Increase in Authorized Preferred Shares     We vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to increase the number of preferred shares.
    Generally, we will vote for the authorization of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable.
    We will support proposals to create “declawed” blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a takeover defense). However, we may vote against proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred stock authorized for issuance when no shares have been issued or reserved for a specific purpose.
   
Unequal Voting Rights     We will not support proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of common stock with superior voting rights and may vote against new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights. In addition, we will not support capitalization changes that add “blank check” classes of stock (i.e. classes of stock with undefined voting rights) or classes that dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders.
    However, we will support capitalization changes that eliminate other classes of stock and/ or unequal voting rights.

 

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Reorganization and Mergers     The reorganization of the structure of a company or mergers often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation.
    Proposals that are in the best interests of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported.
    In general, provisions that are not viewed as economically sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported.
    We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include the following:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/or management conflicts of interest

   

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock, especially in some non-US markets

   

•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Issues     Typically, these are proposals relating to requests by management to amend the certificate of incorporation or bylaws to add or to delete a provision that is deemed to have an anti-takeover effect. The majority of these proposals deal with management’s attempt to add some provision that makes a hostile takeover more difficult or will protect incumbent management in the event of a change in control of the company.

 

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    Proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights or have the effect of entrenching incumbent management may not be supported.
    Proposals that enhance the right of shareholders to make their own choices as to the desirability of a merger or other proposal are supported.

 

   
Shareholder Rights Plans     US: We will support mandates requiring shareholder approval of a shareholder rights plans (“poison pill”) and repeals of various anti-takeover related provisions.
    In general, we may vote against the adoption or renewal of a US issuer’s shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”).
    We will vote for an amendment to a shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”) where the terms of the new plans are more favorable to shareholders’ ability to accept unsolicited offers (i.e. if one of the following conditions are met: (i) minimum trigger, flip-in or flip-over of 20 percent, (ii) maximum term of three years, (iii) no “dead hand,” “slow hand,” “no hand” nor similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill, and (iv) inclusion of a shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause), permitting ten percent of the shares to call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced).
    Canada: We analyze proposals for shareholder approval of a shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”) on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration numerous factors, including but not limited to, whether it conforms to ‘new generation’ rights plans and the scope of the plan.
   
Special Meetings     We will vote for shareholder proposals related to special meetings at companies that do not provide shareholders the right to call for a special meeting in their bylaws if:
   

•  The company also does not allow shareholders to act by written consent

   

•  The company allows shareholders to act by written consent but the ownership threshold for acting by written consent is set above 25 percent of outstanding shares

    We will vote for shareholder proposals related to special meetings at companies that give shareholders (with a minimum 10 percent ownership threshold) the right to call for a special meeting in their bylaws if:
   

•  The current ownership threshold to call for a special meeting is above 25 percent of outstanding shares

    We will vote for management proposals related to special meetings.

 

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Written Consent     We will vote for shareholder proposals on written consent at companies if:
   

•  The company does not have provisions in their bylaws giving shareholders the right to call for a special meeting

   

•  The company allows shareholders the right to call for a special meeting, but the current ownership threshold to call for a special meeting is above 25percent of outstanding shares

   

•  The company has a poor governance profile

 

We will vote management proposals on written consent on a case-by-case basis.

 

   
Super-Majority     We will generally vote against amendments to bylaws requiring super-majority shareholder votes to pass or repeal certain provisions. We will vote for the reduction or elimination of super-majority vote requirements, unless management of the issuer was concurrently seeking to or had previously made such a reduction or elimination.
   
Compensation     Despite the differences among the types of plans and the awards possible there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides the analysis of all compensation plans; namely, the terms of the plan should be designed to provide an incentive for executives and/or employees to align their interests with those of the shareholders and thus work toward enhancing shareholder value. Plans that benefit participants only when the shareholders also benefit are those most likely to be supported.
   
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation and Frequency     State Street Global Advisors believes executive compensation plays a critical role in aligning executives’ interest with shareholders’, attracting, retaining and incentivizing key talent, and ensuring positive correlation between the performance achieved by management and the benefits derived by shareholders. We support management proposals on executive compensation where there is a strong relationship between executive pay and performance over a five-year period. We seek adequate disclosure of various compensation elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests as well as with corporate strategy, and performance. Further shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance on an annual basis.
    In Canada, where advisory votes on executive compensation are not commonplace, we will rely primarily upon engagement to evaluate compensation plans.

 

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Employee Equity
Award Plans
    We consider numerous criteria when examining equity award proposals. Generally we do not vote against plans for lack of performance or vesting criteria. Rather the main criteria that will result in a vote against an equity award plan are:
    Excessive voting power dilution To assess the dilutive effect, we divide the number of shares required to fully fund the proposed plan, the number of authorized but unissued shares and the issued but unexercised shares by the fully diluted share count. We review that number in light of certain factors, such as the industry of the issuer.
    Historical option grants Excessive historical option grants over the past three years. Plans that provide for historical grant patterns of greater than five to eight percent are generally not supported.
    Repricing We may vote against any plan where repricing is expressly permitted. If a company has a history of repricing underwater options, the plan will not be supported.

 

 
    Other criteria include the following:
   

•  Number of participants or eligible employees

   

•  The variety of awards possible

   

•  The period of time covered by the plan

    There are numerous factors that we view as negative. If combined they may result in a vote against a proposal. Factors include:
   

•  Grants to individuals or very small groups of participants

   

•  “Gun-jumping” grants which anticipate shareholder approval of a plan or amendment

   

•  The power of the board to exchange “underwater” options without shareholder approval. This pertains to the ability of a company to reprice options, not the actual act of repricing described above

   

•  Below market rate loans to officers to exercise their options

   

•  The ability to grant options at less than fair market value;

   

•  Acceleration of vesting automatically upon a change in control

   

•  Excessive compensation (i.e. compensation plans which we deem to be overly dilutive)

 

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    Share Repurchases If a company makes a clear connection between a share repurchase program and its intent to offset dilution created from option plans and the company fully discloses the amount of shares being repurchased, the voting dilution calculation may be adjusted to account for the impact of the buy back.
    Companies will not have any such repurchase plan factored into the dilution calculation if they do not (i) clearly state the intentions of any proposed share buy-back plan, (ii) disclose a definitive number of the shares to be bought back, (iii) specify the range of premium/discount to market price at which a company can repurchase shares, and (iv) disclose the time frame during which the shares will be bought back.
    162(m) Plan Amendments If a plan would not normally meet our criteria described above, but was primarily amended to add specific performance criteria to be used with awards that were designed to qualify for performance-based exception from the tax deductibility limitations of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, then we will support the proposal to amend the plan.

 

   
Employee Stock Option Plans     We generally vote for stock purchase plans with an exercise price of not less than 85 percent of fair market value. However, we take market practice into consideration.
   
Compensation-Related Items     We generally support the following proposals:
   

•  Expansions to reporting of financial or compensation-related information within reason

   

•  Proposals requiring the disclosure of executive retirement benefits if the issuer does not have an independent compensation committee

    We generally vote against the following proposal:
   

•  Retirement bonuses for non-executive directors and auditors

   
Miscellaneous/ Routine Items     We generally support the following miscellaneous/routine governance items:
   

•  Reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election when voting in conjunction with support of a dissident slate

   

•  Opting-out of business combination provision

 

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•  Proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of management

   

•  Liquidation of the company if the company will file for bankruptcy if the proposal is not approved

   

•  Shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote

   

•  General updating of, or corrective amendments to, charter and bylaws not otherwise specifically addressed herein, unless such amendments would reasonably be expected to diminish shareholder rights (e.g. extension of directors’ term limits, amending shareholder vote requirement to amend the charter documents, insufficient information provided as to the reason behind the amendment)

   

•  Change in corporation name

   

•  Mandates that amendments to bylaws or charters have shareholder approval

   

•  Management proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the proposed change is unreasonable

   

•  Repeals, prohibitions or adoption of anti-greenmail provisions

   

•  Management proposals to implement a reverse stock split when the number of authorized shares will be proportionately reduced and proposals to implement a reverse stock split to avoid delisting

   

•  Exclusive forum provisions

    State Street Global Advisors generally does not support the following miscellaneous/ routine governance items:
   

•  Proposals requesting companies to adopt full tenure holding periods for their executives

   

•  Reincorporation to a location that we believe has more negative attributes than its current location of incorporation

   

•  Shareholder proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the current scheduling or location is unreasonable

   

•  Proposals to approve other business when it appears as a voting item

   

•  Proposals giving the board exclusive authority to amend the bylaws

   

•  Proposals to reduce quorum requirements for shareholder meetings below a majority of the shares outstanding unless there are compelling reasons to support the proposal

 

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Risk Management     We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.
    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communications

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan,

Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not

guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are

only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment

performance. Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved. ID1482705-3479916.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Rest of the World

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for the Rest of the World outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in international markets not covered under specific country/regional Guidelines. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    At State Street Global Advisors, we recognize that markets not covered under specific country/regional guidelines, specifically emerging markets, are disparate in their corporate governance frameworks and practices. While they tend to pose broad common governance issues, such as concentrated ownership, poor disclosure of financial and related-party transactions, and weak enforcement of rules and regulation, our Guidelines are designed to identify and to address specific governance concerns across the markets. We also evaluate the various factors that contribute to the corporate governance framework of a country. These factors include, but are not limited to: (i) the macroeconomic conditions and broader political system in a country; (ii) quality of regulatory oversight, enforcement of property and shareholder rights; and (iii) the independence of judiciary.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect all companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as any country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for the Rest of the World address our approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy in Emerging Markets     State Street Global Advisors’ approach to proxy voting and issuer engagement in emerging markets is designed to increase the value of our clients’ investments through the mitigation of governance risks. The overall quality of the corporate governance framework in an emerging market country drives the level of governance risks investors assign to a country. Thus, improving the macro governance framework in a country may help to reduce governance risks and to increase the overall value of our clients’ holdings over time. In order to improve the overall governance framework and practices in a country, members of our Asset Stewardship Team endeavor to engage with representatives from regulatory agencies and stock markets to highlight potential concerns with the macro governance framework of a country. To help mitigate company-specific risk, the State Street Global Advisors Asset Stewardship Team works alongside members of the Active Fundamental and emerging market specialists to engage with emerging market companies on governance issues and address any specific concerns, or to get more information regarding shareholder items that are to be voted on at upcoming shareholder meetings. This integrated approach to engagement drives our proxy voting and engagement philosophy in emerging markets.

 

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Directors and Boards    

Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.

 

We believe that a well-constituted board of directors, with a good balance of skills, expertise and independence, provides the foundation for a well-governed company. However, several factors, such as low overall independence level requirements by market regulators, poor biographical disclosure of director profiles, prevalence of related-party transactions, and the general resistance from controlling shareholders to increase board independence, render the election of directors as one of the most important fiduciary duties we perform in emerging market companies.

   
Board Independence    

We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice and availability of information on director skills and expertise. We expect companies to meet minimum overall board independence standards, as defined in a local corporate governance code or market practice. Therefore, in several countries, we may vote against certain non-independent directors if overall board independence levels do not meet market standards.

 

Our broad criteria for director independence in emerging market companies include factors such as:

 

•  Participation in related-party transactions

 

•  Employment history with company

 

•  Relations with controlling shareholders and employees

 

•  Company classification of a director as non-independent

   
Board Committees     In some countries, market practice calls for the establishment of a board level audit committee. We believe an audit committee should be responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of a company and appointing external auditors. It should also monitor their qualifications, independence, effectiveness and resource levels. Based upon our desire to enhance the quality of financial and accounting oversight provided by independent directors, we expect that listed companies have an audit committee constituted of a majority of independent directors.

 

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Board Gender Diversity    

We expect boards of listed companies in all markets and indices to have at least one female board member. If a company does not meet this expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet this expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.

 

We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for adding at least one woman to its board.

   
Board Responsiveness to High Dissent against Pay Proposals     Poorly structured executive compensation plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high level of dissent against a company’s compensation proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.
   
Climate-related Disclosures    

State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate- related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

 

As such, we may take voting action against companies in the Hang Seng and Straits Times that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.

 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings    

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.

 

Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:

 

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

 

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•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

 

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

 

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

 

If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.

   
Accounting and
Audit-Related Issues
    The disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. As a result, board oversight of internal controls and the independence of the audit process are essential if investors are to rely upon financial statements. We believe that audit committees provide the necessary oversight for the selection and appointment of auditors, the company’s internal controls and the accounting policies, and the overall audit process.
   
Appointment of
External Auditors
    We believe that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or re-appointment at the annual meeting. We believe that it is imperative for audit committees to select outside auditors who are independent from management.
   
Approval of Financial Statements    

We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

 

Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers State Street Global Advisors believes that changes to a company’s capital structure, such as changes in authorized share capital, share repurchase and debt issuances, are critical decisions made by the board. We believe the company should have a business rationale that is consistent with corporate strategy and should not overly dilute its shareholders.

 

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Related-Party Transactions     Most companies in emerging markets have a controlled ownership structure that often includes complex cross-shareholdings between subsidiaries and parent companies (“related companies”). As a result, there is a high prevalence of related-party transactions between the company and its various stakeholders, such as directors and management. In addition, inter-group loan and loan guarantees provided to related companies are some of the other related-party transactions that increase the risk profile of companies. In markets where shareholders are required to approve such transactions, we expect companies to provide details about the transaction, such as its nature, value and purpose. This also encourages independent directors to ratify such transactions. Further, we encourage companies to describe the level of independent board oversight and the approval process, including details of any independent valuations provided by financial advisors on related- party transactions.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     With regard to share repurchase programs, we expect companies to clearly state the business purpose for the program and a definitive number of shares to be repurchased.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions    

Mergers or reorganization of the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals that are in the best interest of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported.

 

We evaluate mergers and structural reorganizations on a case-by-case basis. We generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

•  Offer premium

 

•  Strategic rationale

 

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including director and/ or management conflicts of interest

 

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

 

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

We may vote against a transaction considering the following:

 

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

 

 

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•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

 

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

 

We will actively seek direct dialogue with the board and management of companies that we have identified through our screening processes. Such engagements may lead to further monitoring to ensure the company improves its governance or sustainability practices. In these cases, we believe the engagement process represents the most meaningful opportunity for State Street Global Advisors to protect long-term shareholder value from excessive risk due to poor governance and sustainability practices.

   
Compensation     We consider it to be the board’s responsibility to set appropriate levels of executive remuneration. Despite the differences among the types of plans and the potential awards, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive remuneration: there should be a direct relationship between executive compensation and company performance over the long term. In emerging markets, we encourage companies to disclose information on senior executive remuneration.
 
    Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach. With regard to director remuneration, we support director pay provided the amounts are not excessive relative to other issuers in the market or industry, and are not overly dilutive to existing shareholders.
   
Risk Management     We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with a changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

 

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    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
   

For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at

ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

   
General/Routine Issues     Some of the other issues that are routinely voted on in emerging markets include approving the allocation of income and accepting financial statements and statutory reports. For these voting items, our guidelines consider several factors, such as historical dividend payouts, pending litigation, governmental investigations, charges of fraud, or other indication of significant concerns.

 

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About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan,

Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482392-3479918.3.1.GBL.RTL    0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors

 

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Overview     Our primary fiduciary obligation to our clients is to maximize the long-term returns of their investments. It is our view that material sustainability considerations, including environmental and social (E&S) issues, can present risks and/or opportunities that impact long-term value creation. This philosophy provides the foundation for our value-based approach to Asset Stewardship.
    We regularly identify stewardship priorities that we believe are important for our portfolio companies to consider.
   
Our Approach to Assessing Materiality and Relevance of
E&S Factors
   

While we believe that E&S factors can expose companies to material risks as well as drive long-term value creation, the materiality of specific E&S factors varies across industries, markets, and specific companies. We leverage several inputs to inform our views on the materiality of an E&S issue at a given company, including:

 

•  Established frameworks, including The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board’s (SASB) Standards, the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) Framework, etc.;

 

•  Academic research and other expert insights

 

•  Disclosure expectations required by regulation

 

•  Market expectations for the sector and industry

 

We expect companies to disclose information regarding their approach to identifying and managing material E&S-related risks and opportunities, as well as the board’s oversight of these risks and opportunities.

   
Our Approach to
E&S Factors Through Engagements
    The Asset Stewardship team regularly identifies thematic stewardship priorities that will be addressed across different engagement meetings. We focus on priorities that we consider important to be considered by the portfolio companies in which we invest our clients’ assets. These engagements help us to establish disclosure expectations and to more fully understand the nuanced challenges that companies seek to address related to E&S factors. Establishing robust disclosure expectations allows us to monitor companies’ progress toward alignment with our relevant disclosure expectations, and contributing to our perspectives on our stewardship priority areas.
    Through engagement, we address a broad range of factors that align with our stewardship priorities and seek to foster constructive, long-term relationships with issuers. We view engagements as part of an ongoing dialogue, versus a series of one-off conversations. During conversations with issuers, we share expectations and perspectives on key dimensions of E&S factors, and seek to understand how companies and their boards manage and oversee related risks and opportunities.

 

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    The Use of R-Factor in Engagements
    R-Factor™ is a scoring system created by State Street Global Advisors that measures the performance of a company’s business operations and governance as it relates to material ESG factors facing the company’s industry. State Street Global Advisors may engage with a company regarding its R-Factor™ score at the request of the company.
   
Analyzing E&S Proposals    

When analyzing shareholder proposals related to E&S factors, we consider the following factors:

 

•  The materiality of the E&S factors in the proposal to the company’s business and sector (see “Our Approach to Assessing Materiality and Relevance of E&S Factors” above);

 

•  The content and intent of the proposal, including whether the adoption of such a proposal would provide information to allow investors to better understand risk and opportunities in the context of the company’s disclosure and practices;

 

•  The strength of board oversight of the company’s relevant sustainability practices, as well as responsiveness to engagement;

 

•  Binding nature or prescriptiveness of proposal.

 

For proposal topics for which we have developed guidance, we leverage the specific guidance, found in the Appendix, as a benchmark to analyze a company’s disclosures relative to our expectations for the relevant E&S factor.

 

For proposal topics for which we have not published guidance, we evaluate the company’s determination of materiality of the proposal to the company’s business and operations and the company’s related disclosures.

   
Voting on E&S Proposals    

Below is the approach we follow when voting on E&S shareholder proposals:

 

•  FOR We will consider voting for shareholder proposals that we believe will lead to l increased alignment with our expectations set out in the attached Appendix;

 

•  ABSTAIN We will consider voting abstain when we support some elements of a proposal’s request, or recognize a company’s commitment to implement related disclosure and/or oversight practices;

 

•  AGAINST We will vote against shareholder proposals that we believe are immaterial, overly prescriptive, or would not further our disclosure and oversight expectations, including those set out in the Appendix.

 

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Appendix            
   
Guidance on Common Environmental and Social Proposal Topics     The following provides an overview of State Street Global Advisors’ public guidance related to common environmental and social shareholder proposal topics. We leverage this to inform our analysis of relevant shareholder proposals as it applies to companies in our portfolios.
    Climate Change
   

We expect all companies to provide public disclosures in accordance with the following four pillars of the Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework:

 

1.  Governance;

 

2.  Strategy;

 

3.  Risk Management; and

 

4.  Metrics and Targets.

 

    Additionally, we expect companies in carbon-intensive sectors to disclose:
    Interim greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets to accompany long-term climate ambitions
    Discussion of impacts of scenario-planning on strategy and financial planning
    Incorporation of climate considerations in capital allocation decisions
    Scope 1, 2, and material categories of Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions
    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
    Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
    We expect all companies to provide public disclosure in the following key areas:
   

1.  Board Oversight Describe how the board executes its oversight role in risks and opportunities related to diversity and inclusion;

 

2.  Strategy Articulate the role diversity (of race, ethnicity, and gender, at minimum) plays in the company’s broader human capital management practices and long-term strategy;

 

3.  Goals Describe what diversity, equity, and inclusion-related goals exist, how these goals contribute to the company’s overall strategy, and how they are managed and progressing;

 

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4.  Metrics Provide measures of the diversity of the company’s global employee base and board, including:

   

a. Workforce Employee diversity by race, ethnicity, and gender (at minimum). We expect to see this information to be broken down by industry-relevant employment categories or levels of seniority, for all full-time employees. In the US, companies are expected to at least use the disclosure framework set forth by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s EEO-1 Survey. Non-US companies are encouraged to disclose this information in alignment with SASB guidance and nationally appropriate frameworks; and,

   

b. Board Diversity characteristics, including racial, ethnic, and gender makeup (at minimum) of the board of directors; and

 
   

5.  Board Diversity Articulate goals and strategy related to diverse representation at the board (including race, ethnicity, and gender, at minimum), including how the board reflects the diversity of the company’s workforce, community, customers, and other key stakeholders.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
    Civil Rights Risks
    We expect all companies in the US to provide public disclosure on:
   

1.  Risks related to civil rights, including impact of products, practices, and services on underrepresented communities inside and outside the organization;

   

2.  Plans to manage and mitigate these risks; and

   

3.  Processes at the board for overseeing such risks (e.g., committee responsible, frequency of discussions, etc.).

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review ourrelated guidance.
    Pay Equity
   

We expect all companies in the US and the UK to provide public disclosure on:

   

1.  Adjusted pay gaps related to race and gender within the company (Disclosure of the unadjusted pay gap is also encouraged, but not expected outside of the UK market at this time);

   

2.  Strategy to achieve and maintain pay equity; and

 

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3.  Role of the board in overseeing pay strategies as well as Diversity, Equity and Inclusion efforts.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
 
    Human Rights
    We expect all companies to disclose which processes exist for identifying risks related to human rights. If any material human rights risks are identified, we expect further public disclosure describing:
   

1.  Human rights-related risks the company considers most material;

   

2.  Plans to manage and mitigate these risks;

   

3.  Board oversight of these risks; and

   

4.  Assessment of the effectiveness of the human rights risk management program.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
    Human Capital Management
    We expect all companies to provide public disclosure on:
   

1.  Board oversight Methods outlining how the board oversees human capital-related risks and opportunities;

   

2.  Strategy Approaches to human capital management and how these advance the long-term business strategy;

   

3.  Compensation Strategies throughout the organization that aim to attract and retain employees, and incentivize contribution to an effective human capital strategy;

   

4.  Voice Channels to ensure the concerns and ideas from workers are solicited and acted upon, and how the workforce is engaged and empowered in the organization; and

   

5.  Diversity, equity, and inclusion Efforts to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (see our complementary Guidance on Diversity Disclosures & Practices for additional context).

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.

 

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    Environmental Impacts
    If material risks related to adverse environmental impacts on communities from company operations have been identified, we expect companies to disclose information related to:
   

1.  Adverse environmental impacts on communities the company considers most material, including relevant demographic data where applicable;

   

2.  Management of material risks from company operations, including the role of stakeholders; and

   

3.  Board oversight of such risks.

    Deforestation-Intensive Companies
    We expect companies that have determined deforestation is a material risk to their business and operations to disclose:
   

1.  Strategy to assess and manage deforestation-related risks and opportunities for high-risk commodities in the company’s operations and/or business value chain (e.g., supply chain monitoring and engagement, greenhouse gas emissions linked to deforestation, product certifications, stakeholder engagement);

   

2.  Quantitative and/or qualitative metrics and time-bound targets used to assess and manage risks and opportunities related to high deforestation-risk commodities in the company’s operations and/or business value chain; and

   

3.  Board oversight and accountability for deforestation and/or land use-related risks.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures and leading practices, please review our related insights gained from engaging with our portfolio companies in deforestation-intensive sectors.
    Concealment Clauses
    We expect all companies that use concealment clauses to provide public disclosure on:
   

1.  Description of concealment clauses used (e.g. arbitration, non-disclosure, non-disparagement) in employment and post-employment agreements for direct and contract employees globally;

   

2.  Carveouts enabling employees to speak publicly about experiences of sexual harassment, discrimination, and other unlawful acts; and

   

3.  Board’s role in overseeing the use of concealment clauses.

 

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About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
 
    * Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.
    This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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Marketing communication

 

 

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and

whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association,

Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1483208-3479887.4.1.GBL.RTL    0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines Managing Conflicts of Interest Arising from State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Activity

State Street Corporation has a comprehensive standalone Conflicts of Interest Policy and other policies that address a range of identified conflicts of interests. In addition, State Street Global Advisors, the asset management business of State Street Corporation, maintains a conflicts register that identifies key conflicts and describes systems in place to mitigate the conflicts. This document* is designed to act in conjunction with related policies and practices employed by other groups within the organization. Further, it complements those policies and practices

 

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by providing information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  *

These Managing Conflicts of Interest Arising From State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Activity Guidelines are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc. SSGA Funds Management, Inc. is an SEC-registered investment adviser. SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street make up State Street Global Advisors, the investment management arm of State Street Corporation.

 

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Managing Conflicts of Interest Related to Proxy Voting and Engagement     State Street Global Advisors has implemented processes designed to prevent undue influence on State Street Global Advisors’ voting and engagement activities that may arise from relationships between proxy issuers or companies and State Street Corporation, State Street Global Advisors, State Street Global Advisors affiliates, State Street Global Advisors Funds, or State Street Global Advisors Fund affiliates.
    State Street Global Advisors assigns sole responsibility for the implementation of proxy voting guidelines to members of its Asset Stewardship Team, a team that is independent from other functions within the organization, such as sales and marketing, investment, or client facing teams. Proxy voting is undertaken in accordance with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, regional proxy voting and engagement guidelines and guidance published thereunder by State Street Global Advisors from time to time (the “Voting Policy”), which are reviewed and overseen by the State Street Global Advisors’ ESG Committee (the “ESG Committee”). Any changes to the Voting Policy are communicated to Asset Stewardship Team employees in a timely manner to ensure that they understand the potential impact to their proxy voting activities. In rare circumstances where nuances within specific proxy proposals fall outside of the scope of the Voting Policy, requiring case-by-case analysis, such proposals are escalated to the head of Asset Stewardship and reported to the ESG Committee. Voting consistently with the Voting Policy helps mitigate potential conflicts of interest, as the Voting Policy is determined without reference to any specific entities or relationship.
    Members of the Asset Stewardship Team may from time to time discuss views on proxy voting matters, company performance, strategy, etc. with other State Street Corporation or State Street Global Advisors employees, including portfolio managers, senior executives, and relationship managers. However, final voting decisions are made solely by the Asset Stewardship Team, in accordance with the Voting Policy and in a manner consistent with the best interest of its clients, taking into account various perspectives on risks and opportunities with the goal of maximizing the value of client assets. Except in certain jurisdictions where proxy voting decisions are regularly disclosed prior to voting pursuant to local custom, Asset Stewardship Team employees are generally prohibited from disclosing State Street Global Advisors’ voting decisions prior to the meetings. In addition, State Street Global Advisors generally exercises a single voting decision for each ballot item across the client accounts for which it is responsible for proxy voting regardless of investment strategy.1 In certain cases, where a material conflict of interest is identified, the matter may be referred to the ESG Committee for review.

 

 

 

  1

Exceptions to this unified voting policy are where: (1) State Street Global Advisors has made proxy voting choices (i.e., the State Street Global Advisors proxy voting program) available to investors within a pooled investment vehicle, in which case a pro rata portion of shares held by the fund attributable to investors who choose to participate in the proxy voting program would be voted consistent with the third-party proxy voting policies selected by the investors, and (2) in limited circumstances, certain pooled investment vehicles for which State Street Global Advisors acts as investment manager may, pursuant to their governing documents, utilize proxy voting guidelines developed by third-party advisors.

 

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Other protocols designed to help mitigate potential conflicts of interest include:

 

     

Types of Potential
Conflict

 

 

Stewardship Conflict of Interest Description

 

 

Typical Conflict Mitigation Protocols That We
Employ

 

 
Business relationships   A conflict of interest may arise where, for example, we hold investments in companies with which we, or our affiliates, have material business relationships.   Assigning sole responsibility for the implementation of proxy voting guidelines to members of Asset Stewardship Team and voting in accordance with the Voting Policy are our primary conflict mitigation protocols. Furthermore, the voting rationale is recorded to provide transparency.
 
      Additional mitigation steps may be implemented on a case-by-case basis. This may include, for example, blackout periods for communications with issuers/clients.
     
Equity investments   A conflict of interest may arise where client accounts and/ or State Street Global Advisors pooled funds, where State Street Global Advisors acts as trustee, may hold shares in State Street Corporation or other State Street Global Advisors affiliated entities, such as mutual funds affiliated with SSGA Funds Management, Inc.   Mitigants may include, for example, outsourcing voting decisions relating to a shareholder meeting of State Street Corporation or other State Street Global Advisors affiliated entities to independent outside third parties. In such cases, delegated third parties exercise voting decisions based upon State Street Global Advisors’ Voting Policy.
 
Outside business interest   A conflict of interest may arise where an Asset Stewardship Team employee or a key employee in the firm has an outside business interest (such as a director role in a company we invest in, or in the same industry as we invest).   State Street Global Advisors maintains an Outside Activities Policy and employees must submit a request requiring approval before undertaking any outside activities that are captured by the Outside Activities Policy. The request will be reviewed by the employee’s manager and the Conduct Risk Management Office to ensure compliance with applicable policies and procedures (such as the Global Anti-Corruption Policy and the Standard of Conduct) and ensure potential conflicts are mitigated.
 
      Additional mitigation steps may be implemented on a case-by-case basis. This may include, for example, retaining an independent fiduciary to make a voting decision where State Street Global Advisors believes it may be conflicted from voting due to an employee’s outside business interest.
     
Other personal conflicts   A conflict of interest may arise where a family member or other personal contact of an employee is employed by a company in which we invest.   Mitigation steps may be implemented for personal conflicts on a case-by-case basis. This may include, for example, filing a Personal Conflicts declaration with a mitigation strategy to document how the conflict will be avoided. Such strategies may include, for example, a member of the Asset Stewardship Team with a conflict recusing him/herself from voting and participating in engagement activities at the relevant company, and implementing blackout periods for communications with issuers/clients.

 

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Types of Potential
Conflict

 

 

Stewardship Conflict of Interest Description

 

 

Typical Conflict Mitigation Protocols That We
Employ

 

 
Securities lending   We may lend securities that we hold in one of our portfolios to another financial counterparty. This may create a conflict of interest regarding whether to recall those securities to enable us to vote on behalf of the portfolio in a shareholder resolution, which may impact the intended securities lending income.  

Our approach to securities lending recall, and any potential conflicts that may be created through our securities lending recall activity, is governed by the Securities Lending Recall for Proxy Voting Procedure, which is co-owned by the Asset Stewardship Team, Securities Lending Team and Proxy Operations Group. The conflict mitigation protocols include predefining criteria to systematically recall shares, periodic review of the recall procedure by relevant stakeholders, and periodic reporting of recall activities and associated forgone lending income to the relevant internal governance bodies.

 

 

   
About State Street Global Advisors    

For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.

 

 
    * Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.
    This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

 

 

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin

2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’

Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482714-3479898.4.1.GBL.RTL 0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

State Street Global Advisors’ Global Issuer and Stakeholder Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors has developed engagement guidelines to increase transparency around our engagement philosophy, approach, and processes. These guidelines are designed to communicate with our investee companies regarding the objectives of our engagement activities and to facilitate a better understanding of our preferred terms of engagement. The guidelines also outline our approach to engaging with activist investors and shareholder proposal proponents.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ engagement activities are driven exclusively by our goal to maximize and protect the long-term value of our clients’ assets.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Methodology for Developing its Annual Engagement Strategy     While we would like to maintain a dialogue with all of our portfolio companies, we recognize the need to focus our engagement efforts where we believe we will have maximum impact. Each year, as part of its strategic review process, the Asset Stewardship Team develops an annual engagement strategy, and it accordingly identifies a priority list of companies that we intend to engage with during the year. We focus on priorities that we consider important to be considered by the portfolio companies in which we invest our clients’ assets.
    The intensity and type of engagement with a company is determined by State Street Global Advisors’ relative and absolute holdings in that company. In addition, we factor in geographic diversity in our engagement efforts to reflect the level of economic exposure to various markets. Finally, we also consider the engagement culture in a market or geographic region when developing our engagement priority list and approach.
   

State Street Global Advisors meets with companies through in-person and virtual meetings. We prefer virtual meetings as we believe this is cost effective for our clients and investee companies. This also helps us minimize our global carbon footprint.

 

   
Helpful Information to Include in Engagement Request Emails to State Street Global Advisors    

To help expedite the review of engagement requests, please include the following information in engagement request emails to State Street Global Advisors:

 

•  Company name and identifier (i.e. ticker)

 

•  Topics the issuer is interested in discussing

 

•  Upcoming meeting date, if applicable

 

•  Issuer attendees and their titles

 

All requests for engagement should be sent to the Asset Stewardship Team at GovernanceTeam@ssga.com.

   
Guidelines for Engaging with Investee Companies    

•  During the ‘proxy season’, we prioritize conversations related to companies’ shareholder meetings. In the ‘off-season’, we discuss our focus areas and stewardship priorities with companies for whom these topics are most material.

 

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•  We believe that as a long-term shareholder with substantial holdings, it is important to establish a relationship and have a direct communication channel with independent directors in our investee companies. Therefore, as part of our engagement process, we prefer to meet with the non-executive chairperson/lead independent director and/or representative of key board committees. Such meetings help us assess the quality and effectiveness of the board, the extent of the oversight of management, and the board’s perspectives on key issues, such as strategy, risk, capital allocation, and compensation. It also allows us to escalate matters to the board’s attention if management has been unresponsive to suggestions discussed during prior engagements.

   

•  After our initial meeting with members of the board, the frequency of desired follow-up meetings is determined by the nature of the issues discussed. We will outline expectations and timelines for subsequent meetings during the discussion. We follow similar guidelines for meeting requests with C-suite management representatives at companies.

   

•  Typically, we allow additional capacity for reactive engagement in Q2 for markets such as the US, UK, EU, and Japan (Q4 for Australian companies) where the majority of the companies have general meetings between the months of April and June.

   

•  We reserve the Q1, Q3, and Q4 time periods to conduct the majority of our active engagements with some room for reactive engagement with companies that have experienced a significant event or are seeking approval for a corporate transaction, board transition, or other material concern.

   

•  Instances in which we are likely to accept engagement requests include instances when:

   

– We have concerns about a ballot item; and

   

– We believe that engagement will better inform our voting decision; and/or

   

– We want to discuss material risks with a company

   

•  Instances in which we are likely to decline engagement requests include instances when:

   

– We do not have any immediate concerns about a ballot item

   

– We believe we have adequate information to make an informed voting decision on a ballot item

   

– Our position on a ballot item is addressed in our public policy statement

   

– We have actively engaged with the company on matters pertaining to the ballot proposal outside the ‘proxy season’

 

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– We believe that the matter is best discussed outside the vote solicitation period

   

•  If we have provided feedback during the vote solicitation period, we believe that any follow-up discussion with the company should focus on the board or company’s response to our feedback

   

•  We track all feedback provided to investee companies and routinely conduct follow-up engagements to assess the progress made by a company toward the incorporation of our feedback

   

•  We welcome written submission of changes made by the board to the company’s governance or remuneration policies and practices

 

   
Guidelines for Engaging with Other Investors Soliciting State Street Global Advisors’ Votes in Connection with Vote-No Campaigns or Shareholder Proposals     We believe it is good practice for us to speak to other investors that are running proxy contests, putting forth vote-no campaigns, or proposing shareholder proposals at investee companies. However, we generally limit such discussions with investors to one engagement unless we believe that it is necessary for us to have a follow-up call. We welcome the opportunity to review materials sent in advance of the proposed discussion. To the extent possible, we review all materials made publicly available by the investor or the company on a contested ballot item before making a voting decision. Our primary purpose of engaging with investors is:
   

•  To gain a better understanding of their position or concerns at investee companies.

   

•  In proxy contest situations:

   

– To assess possible director candidates where investors are seeking board representation in proxy contest situations

   

– To understand the investor’s proposed strategy for the company and investment time horizon to assess their alignment with State Street Global Advisors’ views and interests as a long-term shareholder

   

All requests for engagement should be sent to GovernanceTeam@ssga.com.

 

   

Investor Engagement Protocol

   

State Street Global Advisors encourages boards of directors to develop an investor engagement protocol or plan that establishes policies and mechanisms through which independent directors communicate with and receive feedback from institutional investors. The protocol would help foster strong relationships between a company’s directors and its investors, while promoting transparency, responsibility, and accountability of the board.

 

 

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The protocol should identify key independent directors (such as a non-executive chairman, lead independent director, or a representative of a key board committee), who would be mandated to engage with shareholders on a range of topics that are of interest to State Street Global Advisors and/or other institutional investors. A robust engagement protocol would also develop a crisis communication plan for the board when institutional investors and the market-at- large need to communicate with independent directors, in a timely manner, about their oversight and response to a developing concern facing the company.

 

   
Requesting R-Factor™ Scores     Companies interested in receiving their R-Factor™ scores should submit an email request to myrfactorscore@ssga.com including the following information:
   

•  Company’s legal name

   

•  Ticker

   

•  ISIN

   

•  Company’s headquarter location

   

•  Contact name

   

•  Contact’s Title at Company

   

•  Contact email address (must be an official company email address)

   

•  Contact phone#

   

Please note that R-Factor™ scores will be provided only to employees affiliated with a company’s Investor Relations, Chief Financial Officer, ESG/Sustainability Leadership or General Secretary’s organizations. Please include attestation in your email stating that you are affiliated with one of these functions.

 

   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion† under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

   

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

 

 

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78

Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin

2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81- 3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’

Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed.

There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring

model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482720-3479897.3.1.GBL.RTL    0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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PART B
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio I
One Iron Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02210
(877) 521-4083
April 30, 2023
ITEM 14. COVER PAGE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS
State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust (the Trust) is a registered open-end management investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust offering shares of beneficial interest in separate investment portfolios. Each series of the Trust is diversified as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), and is subject to the procedural and substantive requirements of the 1940 Act.
This Part B of the Registration Statement (the Part B) relates to the information contained in Part A of the Trust's Registration Statement dated April 30, 2023 as further amended from time to time thereafter for the State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio I (Portfolio I or the Portfolio).
This Part B is not a Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Part A and the Confidential Offering Memorandum relating to the Portfolio, which may be obtained by telephoning or writing the Trust at the number or address shown above.
The Portfolio's audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, including the independent registered public accounting firm's report thereon, are included in the Trust's Annual Report to Shareholders, which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on March 8, 2023, and are incorporated into this Part B by reference. A copy of the Annual Report is available, without charge, upon request, by calling (collect calls are accepted) the number shown above.
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ITEM 15. TRUST HISTORY
The Trust was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on June 15, 1995. Effective October 12, 2016, the State Street Navigator Securities Lending Prime Portfolio II was renamed State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio I.
ITEM 16. DESCRIPTION OF THE PORTFOLIO AND ITS INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The Portfolio is an open-end, diversified, management investment company. The Portfolio's Part A contains information about the investment objective and policies of the Portfolio. This Part B should only be read in conjunction with the Part A of the Portfolio. In addition to the principal investment strategies and the principal risks of the Portfolio described in Part A, the Portfolio may employ other investment practices and may be subject to additional risks, which are described below.
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS AND RISKS
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and restrictions, the Portfolio may invest in the following instruments and use the following techniques, and is subject to the following additional risks.
Auction Rate Securities
The Portfolio may invest in auction rate municipal securities, which permit the holder to sell the securities in an auction at par value at specified intervals. The dividend or interest is typically reset by Dutch auction in which bids are made by broker-dealers and other institutions for a certain amount of securities at a specified minimum yield. The rate set by the auction is the lowest interest or dividend rate that covers all securities offered for sale. While this process is designed to permit auction rate securities to be traded at par value, there is the risk that an auction will fail due to insufficient demand for the securities. The Portfolio will take the time remaining until the next scheduled auction date into account for purposes of determining the securities' duration.
Bonds
The Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets in bonds. A bond is an interest-bearing security issued by a company, governmental unit or, in some cases, a non-U.S. entity. The issuer of a bond has a contractual obligation to pay interest at a stated rate on specific dates and to repay principal (the bond's face value) periodically or on a specified maturity date; provided, however, a zero-coupon bond pays no interest to its holder during its life. The value of a zero-coupon bond to the Portfolio consists of the difference between such bond's face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was acquired, which may be an amount significantly less than its face value (sometimes referred to as a deep discount price).
An issuer may have the right to redeem or call a bond before maturity, in which case the shareholder may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower market rates. Most bonds bear interest income at a coupon rate that is fixed for the life of the bond. The value of a fixed rate bond usually rises when market interest rates fall, and falls when market interest rates rise. Accordingly, a fixed rate bond's yield (income as a percent of the bond's current value) may differ from its coupon rate as its value rises or falls. Fixed rate bonds generally are also subject to inflation risk, which is the risk that the value of the bond or income from the bond will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. This could mean that, as inflation increases, the real value of the assets of the Portfolio holding fixed rate bonds can decline, as can the value of the Portfolio's distributions. Other types of bonds bear income at an interest rate that is adjusted periodically. Because of their adjustable interest rates, the value of floating-rate or variable-rate bonds fluctuates much less in response to market interest rate movements than the value of fixed rate bonds. The Portfolio may treat some of these bonds as having a shorter maturity for purposes of calculating the weighted average maturity of its investment portfolio. Bonds may be senior or subordinated obligations. Senior obligations generally have the first claim on a corporation's earnings and assets and, in the event of liquidation, are paid before subordinated obligations. Bonds may be unsecured (backed only by the issuer's general creditworthiness) or secured (also backed by specified collateral).
The investment return of corporate bonds reflects interest on the bond and changes in the market value of the bond. The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation's performance and perceptions of the corporation in the market place. There is a risk that the issuers of the securities may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by such a security.
Cash Reserves
The Portfolio may hold portions of its assets in cash to meet anticipated redemptions and day-to-day operating expenses.
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Cleared Derivatives Transactions
Transactions in some types of swaps are required to be centrally cleared by applicable rules and regulations and a Portfolio may also voluntarily centrally clear other transactions that are available for clearing. In a cleared derivatives transaction, the Portfolio's counterparty to the transaction is a central derivatives clearing organization, or clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Because the Portfolio is not a member of a clearing house, and only members of a clearing house can participate directly in the clearing house, the Portfolio hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives transactions, the Portfolio will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through its accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients' obligations to the clearing house. Centrally cleared derivative arrangements may be less favorable to the Portfolio than bilateral (non-cleared) arrangements. For example, the Portfolio may be required to provide greater amounts of margin for cleared derivatives transactions than for bilateral derivatives transactions. Also, in contrast to bilateral derivatives transactions, in some cases following a period of notice to the Portfolio, a clearing member generally can require termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions at any time or an increase in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions or to terminate transactions at any time. The Portfolio is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or which the Adviser expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Portfolio's behalf. In that case, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Portfolio could lose some or all of the benefit of the transaction, including loss of an increase in the value of the transaction and loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Portfolio and clearing members is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Portfolio than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Portfolio in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member incurs as the Portfolio's clearing member. Also, such documentation typically does not provide the Portfolio any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent.
Counterparty risk with respect to derivatives has been and will continue to be affected by new rules and regulations relating to the derivatives market. With respect to a centrally cleared transaction, a party is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position. Credit risk of market participants with respect to centrally cleared derivatives is concentrated in a few clearing houses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearing house would be conducted and what impact an insolvency of a clearing house would have on the financial system. A clearing member is obligated by contract and regulation to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives positions from the clearing member's proprietary assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing member from its customers with respect to cleared derivatives are generally held by the clearing member on a commingled basis in an omnibus account (which can be invested in instruments permitted under the regulations). Therefore, the Portfolio might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Portfolio's clearing member because the Portfolio would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of the funds held by the clearing member on behalf of customers, with a claim against the clearing member for any deficiency. Also, the clearing member is required to transfer to the clearing house the amount of margin required by the clearing house for cleared derivatives, which amount is generally held in an omnibus account at the clearing house for all customers of the clearing member. Regulations promulgated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing house that is attributable to each customer. However, if the clearing member does not accurately report the Portfolio's initial margin, the Portfolio is subject to the risk that a clearing house will use the assets attributable to it in the clearing house's omnibus account to satisfy payment obligations a defaulting customer of the clearing member has to the clearing house. In addition, clearing members generally provide the clearing house the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers, rather than individually for each customer. The Portfolio is therefore subject to the risk that a clearing house will not make variation margin payments owed to the Portfolio if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default, and the risk that the Portfolio will be required to provide additional variation margin to the clearing house before the clearing house will move the Portfolio's cleared derivatives positions to another clearing member. In addition, if a clearing member does not comply with the applicable regulations or its agreement with the Portfolio, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, the Portfolio could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the clearing member with respect to the margin held by the clearing member.
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Swap Execution Facilities
Certain derivatives contracts are required to be executed through swap execution facilities (SEFs). A SEF is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. Such requirements may make it more difficult and costly for investment funds, such as the Portfolio, to enter into highly tailored or customized transactions. Trading swaps on a SEF may offer certain advantages over traditional bilateral over-the-counter trading, such as ease of execution, price transparency, increased liquidity and/or favorable pricing. Execution through a SEF is not, however, without additional costs and risks, as parties are required to comply with SEF and CFTC rules and regulations, including disclosure and recordkeeping obligations, and SEF rights of inspection, among others. SEFs typically charge fees, and if the Portfolio executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. The Portfolio also may be required to indemnify a SEF, or a broker intermediary who executes swaps on a SEF on the Portfolio's behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Portfolio's transactions on the SEF. In addition, the Portfolio may be subject to execution risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared, and no clearing member is willing to clear the transaction on the Portfolio's behalf. In that case, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Portfolio could lose some or all of the benefit of any increase in the value of the transaction after the time of the trade.
Risks Associated with Derivatives Regulation
The U.S. government has enacted and is continuing to implement legislation that provides for new regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (the U.K.) and some other countries have also adopted and are continuing to implement similar requirements, which will affect the Portfolio when it enters into a derivatives transaction with a counterparty organized in that country or otherwise subject to that country's derivatives regulations. Such rules and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, restrict the Portfolio's ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Portfolio of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Portfolio, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. While the rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Portfolio to new kinds of costs and risks.
For example, in the event of a counterparty's (or its affiliate's) insolvency, the Portfolio's ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under new special resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the EU, the U.K. and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, with respect to counterparties who are subject to such proceedings in the EU and the U.K., the liabilities of such counterparties to the Portfolio could be reduced, eliminated, or converted to equity in such counterparties (sometimes referred to as a bail in).
The SEC has adopted new Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act providing for the regulation of registered investment companies' use of derivatives and certain related instruments. The new rule, among other things, limits derivatives exposure through one of two value-at-risk tests and eliminates the asset segregation framework for covering derivatives and certain financial instruments arising from the SEC's Release 10666 and ensuing staff guidance. The rule also requires funds to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program (including the appointment of a derivatives risk manager and the implementation of certain testing requirements) and subjects funds to certain reporting requirements in respect of derivatives. Limited derivatives users (as determined by Rule 18f-4) are not, however, subject to the full requirements under the rule.
Additionally, U.S. regulators, the EU, the U.K. and certain other jurisdictions have adopted minimum margin and capital requirements for uncleared derivatives transactions. It is expected that these regulations will have a material impact on the Portfolio's use of uncleared derivatives. These rules impose minimum margin requirements on derivatives transactions between the Portfolio and its counterparties. They impose regulatory requirements on the timing of transferring margin and the types of collateral that parties are permitted to exchange.
These and other regulations are relatively new and evolving, so their full impact on the Portfolio and the financial system are not yet known.
5

Custodial Risk
There are risks involved in dealing with the custodians or brokers who hold the Portfolio's investments or settle the Portfolio's trades. It is possible that, in the event of the insolvency or bankruptcy of a custodian or broker, the Portfolio would be delayed or prevented from recovering its assets from the custodian or broker, or its estate, and may have only a general unsecured claim against the custodian or broker for those assets. In recent insolvencies of brokers or other financial institutions, the ability of certain customers to recover their assets from the insolvent's estate has been delayed, limited, or prevented, often unpredictably, and there is no assurance that any assets held by the Portfolio with a custodian or broker will be readily recoverable by the Portfolio. In addition, there may be limited recourse against non-U.S. sub-custodians in those situations in which the Portfolio invests in markets where custodial and/or settlement systems and regulations are not fully developed, including emerging markets, and the assets of the Portfolio have been entrusted to such sub-custodians. SSGA FM or an affiliate may serve as the custodian of the Portfolio.
Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit (ECDs), Eurodollar Time Deposits (ETDs) and Yankee Certificates of Deposit (YCDs)
The Portfolio may invest in ECDs, ETDs and YCDs. ECDs and ETDs are U.S. dollar denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits, respectively, issued by non-U.S. branches of domestic banks and non-U.S. banks. YCDs are U.S. dollar denominated certificates of deposit issued by U.S. branches of non-U.S. banks.
Different risks than those associated with the obligations of domestic banks may exist for ECDs, ETDs and YCDs because the banks issuing these instruments, or their domestic or non-U.S. branches, are not necessarily subject to the same regulatory requirements that apply to domestic banks, such as loan limitations, examinations, and reserve, accounting, auditing, recordkeeping and public reporting requirements. Obligations of non-U.S. issuers also involve risks such as future unfavorable political and economic developments, withholding or other tax, seizures of non-U.S. deposits, currency controls, interest limitations, and other governmental restrictions that might affect repayment of principal or payment of interest, or the ability to honor a credit commitment.
Forward Commitments
The Portfolio may invest in forward commitments. The Portfolio may contract to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time consistent with the Portfolio's ability to manage its investment portfolio and meet redemption requests. The Portfolio may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if it is appropriate to do so and realize short-term profits or losses upon such sale. Forward commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, or if the other party fails to complete the transaction.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures
The Portfolio may enter into futures contracts on securities in which it may invest or on indices comprised of such securities and may purchase and write call and put options on such contracts.
Futures contracts. A financial futures contract is a contract to buy or sell a specified quantity of financial instruments such as U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. An index futures contract is a contract to buy or sell specified units of an index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. The value of a unit is based on the current value of the index. Under such contracts no delivery of the actual securities making up the index takes place. Rather, upon expiration of the contract, settlement is made by exchanging cash in an amount equal to the difference between the contract price and the closing price of the index at expiration, net of variation margin previously paid. Futures contracts are traded in the United States only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade — known as contract markets — approved for such trading by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm, which is a member of the relevant contract market.
Although many futures contracts by their terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of commodities or securities, in most cases the contracts are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery, but rather by entering into an offsetting contract (a closing transaction). Upon entering into a futures contract, the Portfolio is required to deposit an initial margin with the futures broker. The initial margin serves as a good faith deposit that the Portfolio will honor its futures commitments. Subsequent payments (called variation margin or maintenance margin) to and from the broker are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying security or commodity fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking to the market. If the Portfolio is unable to enter into a closing transaction, the amount of the Portfolio's potential loss may be unlimited. Futures contracts also involve brokerage costs.
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The Portfolio will not commit more than 5% of the market value of its total assets to initial margin deposits on futures and premiums paid for options on futures.
Registration under the Commodity Exchange Act. The Portfolio is operated by the Adviser, which has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool operator with respect to the Portfolio under the Commodity Exchange Act (the CEA), and therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA. As a result, the Portfolio is limited in its ability to trade instruments subject to the CFTC jurisdiction, including commodity futures (which include futures on broad-based securities indexes, interest rate futures and currency futures), options on commodity futures, certain swaps or other investments (whether directly or indirectly through investments in other investment vehicles).
Under this exclusion, the Portfolio must satisfy one of the following two trading limitations whenever it enters into a new commodity trading position: (1) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the Portfolio's positions in CFTC-regulated instruments may not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio's portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such investments); or (2) the aggregate net notional value of such instruments, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio's portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). The Portfolio would not be required to consider its exposure to such instruments if they were held for bona fide hedging purposes, as such term is defined in the rules of the CFTC. In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the Portfolio may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the markets for CFTC-regulated instruments.
Options on futures contracts. In return for the premium paid, options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the exercisable period of the option. Options on futures are similar to options on securities except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put) at a specified exercise price at any time during the exercisable period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account, which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to its expiration date, the settlement will be made entirely in cash. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the expiration date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
As with options on securities, the holder or writer of an option may terminate his position by selling or purchasing an offsetting option. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
U.S. Treasury security futures contracts and options. Some U.S. Treasury security futures contracts require the seller to deliver, or the purchaser to take delivery of, the type of U.S. Treasury security called for in the contract at a specified date and price; others may be settled in cash. Options on U.S. Treasury security futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a U.S. Treasury security futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the exercisable period of the option.
Successful use of U.S. Treasury security futures contracts by the Portfolio is subject to the Adviser's ability to predict movements in the direction of interest rates and other factors affecting markets for debt securities. For example, if the Portfolio has sold U.S. Treasury security futures contracts in order to hedge against the possibility of an increase in interest rates, which would adversely affect the values of securities held in its portfolio, and the prices of the Portfolio's securities increase instead as a result of a decline in interest rates, the Portfolio will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of its securities, which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Portfolio has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily maintenance margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
There is also a risk that price movements in U.S. Treasury security futures contracts and related options will not correlate closely with price movements in markets for particular securities. For example, if the Portfolio has hedged against a decline in the values of tax-exempt securities held by it by selling Treasury security futures and the values of Treasury securities subsequently increase while the values of the Portfolio's tax-exempt securities decrease, the Portfolio would incur losses on both the Treasury security futures contracts written by it and the tax-exempt securities held in its portfolio.
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Illiquid Securities
The Portfolio may invest in illiquid investments. The absence of a regular trading market for illiquid investments imposes additional risks on investments in these securities. Illiquid investments may be difficult to value and may often be disposed of only after considerable expense and delay.
The SEC has adopted a liquidity risk management rule (the Liquidity Rule) that requires the Portfolio to establish a liquidity risk management program (the LRMP). The Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees (defined infra), have designated the Adviser to administer the Portfolio's LRMP. Under the LRMP, the Adviser assesses, manages, and periodically reviews the Portfolio's liquidity risk. The Liquidity Rule defines liquidity risk as the risk that the Portfolio could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Portfolio without significant dilution of remaining investors' interests in the Portfolio. The liquidity of the Portfolio's portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the LRMP. To the extent that an investment is deemed to be an illiquid investment or a less liquid investment, the Portfolio can expect to be exposed to greater liquidity risk. While the liquidity risk management program attempts to assess and manage liquidity risk, there is no guarantee it will be effective in its operations and may not reduce the liquidity risk inherent in the Portfolio's investments.
Industrial Development and Private Activity Bonds
Industrial development bonds are issued to finance a wide variety of capital projects, including: electric, gas, water and sewer systems; ports and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. The principal security for these bonds is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility, group of facilities, or in some cases, the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue sources. Although the principal security behind these bonds may vary, many provide additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund whose money may be used to make principal and interest payments on the issuer's obligations. Some authorities provide further security in the form of a state's ability without obligation to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund.
Private activity bonds are considered municipal securities if the interest paid thereon is exempt from U.S. federal income tax and are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various privately operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports, and pollution control. These bonds are also used to finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports and parking. The payment of the principal and interest on such bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the facility's user to meet its financial obligations and the value of any real or personal property pledged as security for such payment. Interest income on these bonds may be an item of tax preference subject to federal alternative minimum tax for shareholders subject to such tax.
Insured Municipal Securities
Insured municipal securities are those for which scheduled payments of interest and principal are guaranteed by a private (non-governmental) insurance company. The insurance entitles a fund to receive only the face or par value of the securities held by the fund, but the ability to be paid is limited to the claims paying ability of the insurer. The insurance does not guarantee the market value of the municipal securities or the net asset value (NAV) of a fund's shares. Insurers are selected based upon the diversification of its portfolio and the strength of the management team, which contributes to the claims paying ability of the entity. However, the Adviser selects securities based upon the underlying credit with bond insurance viewed as an enhancement only. The Adviser's objective is to have an enhancement that provides additional liquidity to insulate against volatility in changing markets.
Investment Grade Bonds
The Portfolio may invest in investment grade corporate notes and bonds that are rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or, if unrated, are of comparable quality to the rated securities described above, as determined by the Adviser, in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board and each member thereof, a Trustee). Investment-grade securities include securities rated Baa or higher by Moody's or BBB- or higher by S&P (and securities of comparable quality); securities rated Baa or BBB may have speculative characteristics.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk
The Portfolio is subject to the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, epidemics or pandemics and systemic market dislocations may be highly
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disruptive to economies and markets. Those events as well as other changes in non-U.S. and domestic economic and political conditions also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Portfolio's investments. Given the increasing interdependence between global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region might adversely impact markets, issuers and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. Continuing uncertainty as to the status of the Euro and the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the EMU) has created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU, or any continued uncertainty as to its status, could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Portfolio's investments. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) formally withdrew from the European Union (EU) (commonly known as Brexit). An agreement between the UK and the EU governing their future trade relationship became effective January 1, 2021, but critical aspects of the relationship remain unresolved and subject to further negotiation and agreement. There is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences associated with the exit, including whether the U.K.'s exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU. Brexit may have a significant impact on the U.K., Europe, and global economies, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth in markets in the U.K., Europe and globally, which may adversely affect the value of the Portfolio's investments.
Securities markets may be susceptible to market manipulation (e.g., the potential manipulation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)) or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the value of investments traded in these markets, including investments of the Portfolio.
Many financial instruments use or may use a floating rate based on LIBOR, which is the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks. In 2017, the head of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced its intention to cease compelling banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR after 2021. ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator of LIBOR, ceased publication of most LIBOR settings on a representative basis at the end of 2021 and is expected to cease a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on a representative basis after June 30, 2023. In addition, global regulators have announced that, with limited exceptions, no new LIBOR-based contracts should be entered into after 2021.
The transition away from and elimination of LIBOR may adversely affect the interest rates on, and value of, certain investments for which the value is tied to LIBOR. Such investments may include bank loans, derivatives, floating rate securities, and other assets or liabilities tied to LIBOR. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR and the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate for GBP LIBOR). Various financial industry groups have been planning for the transition away from LIBOR. Markets are slowly developing in response to these new rates. Questions around liquidity impacted by these rates, and how to appropriately adjust these rates at the time of transition, remain a concern for the Portfolio.
The effect of any changes to, or discontinuation of, LIBOR on the Portfolio will vary depending on, among other things, (1) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (2) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products and instruments. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on the Portfolio until new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products, instruments and contracts are commercially accepted.
Recent political activity in the U.S. has increased the risk that the U.S. could default on some or any of its obligations. While it is impossible to predict the consequences of such an unprecedented event, it is likely that a default by the U.S. would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the Portfolio's investments. Similarly, political events within the U.S. at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of the Portfolio investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the U.S. or other securities markets.
To the extent the Portfolio has focused its investments in the stock market index of a particular region, adverse geopolitical and other events could have a disproportionate impact on the Portfolio.
Market Turbulence Resulting from COVID-19
An outbreak of a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus first detected in China in December 2019 has spread globally. In an organized attempt to contain and mitigate the effects of the spread of the coronavirus known as COVID-19, governments and businesses world-wide have taken aggressive measures, including closing borders, restricting international and domestic travel, and the imposition of prolonged quarantines of large populations. Although the long-
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term effects of COVID-19 are difficult to predict, it has resulted in, and may continue to result in, the disruption of and delays in the delivery of healthcare services and processes, the cancellation of organized events and educational institutions, the disruption of production and supply chains, a decline in consumer demand for certain goods and services, and general concern and uncertainty, all of which have contributed to, and may continue to contribute to, increased volatility in global markets. The continuing effects of COVID-19 may affect certain sectors and industries more dramatically than others, which may adversely affect the value of a Portfolio's investments in those sectors or industries. COVID-19, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could adversely affect the economies of many nations, the global economy, individual companies and capital markets in ways that cannot be foreseen at the present time. In addition, the impact of infectious diseases in developing or emerging market countries may be greater due to limited health care resources. Political, economic and social stresses caused by COVID-19 also may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries. The duration of COVID-19 and its effects cannot be determined at this time, but the effects could be present for an extended period of time.
Mortgage-Related Securities
The Portfolio may invest in mortgage-related securities. Mortgage-related securities represent an interest in a pool of, or are secured by, mortgage loans. Mortgage-related securities may be issued or guaranteed by (i) U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities such as the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA or Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA or Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC or Freddie Mac) or (ii) other issuers, including private companies.
Many mortgage-related securities provide regular payments, which consist of interest and, in most cases, principal. In contrast, other forms of debt securities normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. In effect, payments on many mortgage-related securities are a pass-through of the payments made by the individual borrowers on their mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities.
Besides the scheduled repayment of principal, repayments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans. If property owners make unscheduled prepayments of their mortgage loans, these prepayments will typically result in early payment of the applicable mortgage-related securities. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by a variety of factors, including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage, and other social and demographic conditions. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments tends to increase, thereby tending to decrease the life of mortgage-related securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments usually decreases, thereby tending to increase the life of mortgage-related securities.
Because of the possibility of prepayments (and due to scheduled repayments of principal), mortgage-related securities are less effective than other types of securities as a means of locking in attractive long-term interest rates. Prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower rates. As a result, these securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayments may also significantly shorten the effective maturities of these securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturities of these securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing the volatility of the Portfolio.
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) may be issued by a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality or by a private issuer. CMOs are typically structured with classes or series that have different maturities and are generally retired in sequence. Each class of obligations receives periodic interest payments according to its terms. However, monthly principal payments and any prepayments from the collateral pool are generally paid first to the holders of the most senior class. Thereafter, payments of principal are generally allocated to the next most senior class of obligations until that class of obligations has been fully repaid. Any or all classes of obligations of a CMO may be paid off sooner than expected because of an increase in the payoff speed of the pool. Changes in prepayment rates may have significant effects on the values and the volatility of the various classes and series of a CMO. Payment of interest or principal on some classes or series of a CMO may be subject to contingencies or some classes or series may bear some or all of the risk of default on the underlying mortgages.
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Stripped mortgage-related securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage loans. The yield to maturity on an interest only or IO class of stripped mortgage-related securities is extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying assets. A rapid rate of principal prepayments may have a measurable adverse effect on a Portfolio's yield to maturity to the extent it invests in IOs. If the assets underlying the IO experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Portfolio may fail to recoup fully, or at all, its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, principal only securities or POs tend to increase in value if prepayments are greater than anticipated and decline if prepayments are slower than anticipated. The secondary market for stripped mortgage-related securities may be more volatile and less liquid than that for other mortgage-related securities, potentially limiting a Portfolio's ability to buy or sell those securities at any particular time.
Municipal and Municipal-Related Securities
Municipal securities may bear fixed, floating or variable rates of interest or may be zero coupon securities. Municipal securities are generally of two types: general obligations and revenue obligations. General obligations are backed by the full faith and credit of the issuer. These securities include tax anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, general obligation bonds and commercial paper. Revenue obligations are backed by the revenues generated from a specific project or facility and include industrial development bonds and private activity bonds. Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance working capital needs of municipalities and are generally issued in anticipation of future tax revenues. Bond anticipation notes are issued in expectation of the issuer obtaining longer-term financing.
Municipal Leases
The Portfolio may purchase participation interests in municipal obligations, including municipal lease/purchase agreements. Municipal leases are an undivided interest in a portion of an obligation in the form of a lease or installment purchase issued by a state or local government to acquire equipment or facilities. These instruments may have fixed, floating or variable rates of interest, with remaining maturities of 13 months or less. Certain participation interests may permit the Portfolio to demand payment on not more than seven days' notice, for all or any part of the Portfolio's interest, plus accrued interest.
Municipal leases frequently have special risks not normally associated with general obligation or revenue bonds. Some leases or contracts include non-appropriation clauses, which provide that the governmental issuer has no obligation to make future payments under the lease or contract unless money is appropriated for such purpose by the appropriate legislative body on a yearly or other periodic basis. To reduce these risks, the Portfolio will only purchase municipal leases subject to a non-appropriation clause when the payment of principal and accrued interest is backed by a letter of credit or guarantee of a bank.
Whether a municipal lease agreement will be considered illiquid for the purpose of the Portfolio's restriction on investments in illiquid securities will be determined in accordance with procedures established by the Board.
Government Mortgage-Related Securities
GNMA is the principal federal government guarantor of mortgage-related securities. GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-related securities. GNMA pass-through securities are considered to have a relatively low risk of default in that (1) the underlying mortgage loan portfolio is comprised entirely of government-backed loans and (2) the timely payment of both principal and interest on the securities is guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, regardless of whether they have been collected. GNMA pass-through securities are, however, subject to the same interest rate risk as comparable privately issued mortgage-related securities. Therefore, the effective maturity and market value of a Portfolio's GNMA securities can be expected to fluctuate in response to changes in interest rate levels.
Residential mortgage loans are also pooled by FHLMC, a corporate instrumentality of the U.S. Government. The mortgage loans in FHLMC's portfolio are not government backed; FHLMC, not the U.S. Government, guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on FHLMC securities. FHLMC also issues guaranteed mortgage certificates, on which it guarantees semiannual interest payments and a specified minimum annual payment of principal.
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FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers, which include savings and loan associations, savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest only by FNMA, not the U.S. Government.
Other Asset-Backed Securities
In addition to the mortgage related securities discussed above, the Portfolio may invest in asset-backed securities that are not mortgage-related. Asset-backed securities other than mortgage-related securities represent undivided fractional interests in pools of instruments, such as consumer loans, and are typically similar in structure to mortgage-related pass-through securities. Payments of principal and interest are passed through to holders of the securities and are typically supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guarantee by another entity, or by priority to certain of the borrower's other securities. The degree of credit-enhancement, if any, varies, applying only until exhausted and generally covering only a fraction of the security's par value.
The value of such asset-backed securities is affected by changes in the market's perception of the asset backing the security, changes in the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the instrument pool, the originator of the instruments, or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement and the expenditure of any portion of any credit enhancement. The risks of investing in asset-backed securities are ultimately dependent upon payment of the underlying instruments by the obligors, and the Portfolio would generally have no recourse against the obligee of the instruments in the event of default by an obligor. The underlying instruments are subject to prepayments, which shorten the duration of asset-backed securities and may lower their return, in generally the same manner as described above for prepayments of pools of mortgage loans underlying mortgage-related securities.
Repurchase Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements, which are a form of borrowing, with banks, other financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, and other institutional counterparties. Under a repurchase agreement, the Portfolio purchases securities from a financial institution that agrees to repurchase the securities at the Portfolio's original purchase price plus interest within a specified time. The Portfolio will limit repurchase transactions to those member banks of the Federal Reserve System, broker-dealers, and other financial institutions whose creditworthiness the Adviser considers satisfactory. Should the counterparty to a transaction fail financially, the Portfolio may encounter delay and incur costs before being able to sell the securities, or may be prevented from realizing on the securities. Further, the amount realized upon the sale of the securities may be less than that necessary to fully compensate the Portfolio.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into reverse repurchase agreements. Under reverse repurchase agreements, which are a form of borrowing, the Portfolio transfers possession of portfolio securities to financial institutions in return for cash in an amount equal to a percentage of the portfolio securities' market value and agrees to repurchase the securities at a future date by repaying the cash with interest. The Portfolio retains the right to receive interest and principal payments from the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities sold by the Portfolio may decline below the price at which it is obligated to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the buyer of the securities sold might be unable to deliver them when the Portfolio seeks to repurchase the securities. If the buyer files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Portfolio may be delayed or prevented from recovering the security that it sold.
Russia Sanctions Risk
Sanctions threatened or imposed by a number of jurisdictions, including the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom, and other intergovernmental actions that have been or may be undertaken in the future, against Russia, Russian entities or Russian individuals, may result in the devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country's credit rating, an immediate freeze of Russian assets, a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests, and/or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy or the Portfolio. The scope and scale of sanctions in place at a particular time may be expanded or otherwise modified in a way that have negative effects on the Portfolio. Sanctions, or the threat of new or modified sanctions, could impair the ability of the Portfolio to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver or otherwise transact in certain affected securities or other investment instruments. Sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or other actions in response, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. These sanctions, and the resulting disruption of the Russian economy, may cause volatility in other regional
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and global markets and may negatively impact the performance of various sectors and industries, as well as companies in other countries, which could have a negative effect on the performance of the Portfolio, even if the Portfolio does not have direct exposure to securities of Russian issuers. As a collective result of the imposition of sanctions, Russian government countermeasures and the impact that they have had on the trading markets for Russian securities, certain Portfolios have used, and may in the future use, fair valuation procedures approved by the Portfolio's Board to value certain Russian securities, which could result in such securities being deemed to have a zero value.
Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper/Rule 144A Securities
The Portfolio may invest in commercial paper issued in reliance on the so called private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) (Section 4(a)(2) paper).
Section 4(a)(2) paper is restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws and generally is sold to investors who agree that they are purchasing the paper for investment and not with a view to public distribution. Any resale by the purchaser must be a transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act. Section 4(a)(2) paper normally is resold to other institutional investors like the Portfolio through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers that make a market in Section 4(a)(2) paper. Rule 144A securities generally must be sold only to other institutional investors.
There can be no assurance that a liquid trading market will exist at any time for any particular Section 4(a)(2) paper or Rule 144A securities.
Tax Exempt Commercial Paper
The Portfolio may invest in tax exempt commercial paper. Tax exempt commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a stated maturity of 365 days or less. It is typically issued to finance seasonal working capital needs or as short-term financing in anticipation of longer term financing. Each instrument may be backed only by the credit of the issuer or may be backed by some form of credit enhancement, typically in the form of a guarantee by a commercial bank. Commercial paper backed by guarantees of foreign banks may involve additional risk due to the difficulty of obtaining and enforcing judgments against such banks and the generally less restrictive regulations to which such banks are subject. The Portfolio will only invest in commercial paper rated at the time of purchase not less than Prime-1 by Moody's, A-1 by S&P or F-1 by Fitch Ratings. See Appendix A for more information on the ratings of debt instruments.
Temporary Defensive Positions
From time to time, the Portfolio may take temporary defensive positions in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic or other conditions. Temporary defensive positions may be taken, for example, to preserve capital or if the Portfolio is unable to pursue its investment strategies or acquire the types of securities in which it normally invests. Temporary defensive positions will be in high-quality fixed income securities, cash or cash equivalents. These positions include, but are not limited to: (1) obligations issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; (2) commercial paper, bank certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time deposits; (3) repurchase agreements; or (4) uninvested cash, some or all of which may be held in a non-interest bearing demand deposit account at the Portfolio's affiliated custodian. The Adviser has discretion in determining: (i) whether taking a temporary defensive position is appropriate for the Portfolio at a particular time, and (ii) the types of instruments that the Portfolio will hold in taking a temporary defensive position.
When taking a temporary defensive position, the Portfolio may not achieve its investment objective.
Tender Option Bonds
A tender option is a municipal obligation (generally held pursuant to a custodial arrangement) having a relatively long maturity and bearing interest at a fixed rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax exempt rates, that has been coupled with the agreement of a third-party, such as a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution, pursuant to which such institution grants the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the financial institution receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the municipal obligation's fixed coupon rate and the rate, as determined by a remarketing or similar agent at or near the commencement of such period, that would cause the securities, coupled with the tender option, to trade at par on the date of such determination. Thus, after payment of this fee, the security holder effectively holds a demand obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term tax exempt rate. Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, the Portfolio may buy tender option bonds if the agreement gives the Portfolio the right to tender the bond to its sponsor no less frequently than once every 397 days. The Adviser will consider on an ongoing basis the
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creditworthiness of the issuer of the underlying obligation, any custodian and the third-party provider of the tender option. In certain instances, and for certain tender option bonds, the option may be terminable in the event of a default in payment of principal or interest on the underlying municipal obligation and for other reasons.
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities
The Portfolio may invest in Inflation-Protection Securities (TIPSs), a type of inflation-indexed Treasury security. TIPSs typically provide for semiannual payments of interest and a payment of principal at maturity. In general, each payment will be adjusted to take into account any inflation or deflation that occurs between the issue date of the security and the payment date based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Each semiannual payment of interest will be determined by multiplying a single fixed rate of interest by the inflation-adjusted principal amount of the security for the date of the interest payment. Thus, although the interest rate will be fixed, the amount of each interest payment will vary with changes in the principal of the security as adjusted for inflation and deflation.
TIPSs also provide for an additional payment (a minimum guarantee payment) at maturity if the security's inflation-adjusted principal amount for the maturity date is less than the security's principal amount at issuance. The amount of the additional payment will equal the excess of the security's principal amount at issuance over the security's inflation-adjusted principal amount for the maturity date.
U.S. Government Securities
The Portfolio may purchase U.S. Government securities. The types of U.S. Government obligations in which the Portfolio may at times invest include: (1) U.S. Treasury obligations and (2) obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities, which are supported by any of the following: (a) the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, (b) the right of the issuer to borrow an amount limited to a specific line of credit from the U.S. Treasury, (c) discretionary authority of the U.S. Government agency or instrumentality, or (d) the credit of the instrumentality (examples of agencies and instrumentalities are: Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration, Federal Farm Credit Bank, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, General Services Administration, Maritime Administration, Tennessee Development Bank, Asian-American Development Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Federal National Mortgage Association). No assurance can be given that in the future the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government securities it is not obligated to support.
The Portfolio may purchase U.S. Government obligations on a forward commitment basis.
U.S. Registered Securities of Non-U.S. Issuers
The Portfolio may purchase publicly traded common stocks of non-U.S. corporations. Investing in U.S. registered, dollar-denominated, securities issued by non-U.S. issuers involves some risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These include differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, political instability, which could affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, and potential restrictions of the flow of international capital. Non-U.S. companies may be subject to less governmental regulation than U.S. issuers. Moreover, individual non-U.S. economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment positions.
The Portfolio's investment in common stock of non-U.S. corporations may also be in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) and European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) (collectively Depositary Receipts). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust company, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. corporation. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designated for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. The Portfolio may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts.
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Variable Amount Master Demand Notes
The Portfolio may invest in variable amount master demand notes, which are unsecured obligations that are redeemable upon demand and are typically unrated. These instruments are issued pursuant to written agreements between their issuers and holders. The agreements permit the holders to increase (subject to an agreed maximum) and the holders and issuers to decrease the principal amount of the notes, and specify that the rate of interest payable on the principal fluctuates according to an agreed formula. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a smaller effect on the market value of these securities than on the market value of comparable fixed income obligations. Thus, investing in these securities generally allows less opportunity for capital appreciation and depreciation than investing in comparable fixed income securities. There may be no active secondary market with respect to a particular variable rate instrument.
Variable and Floating Rate Securities
The Portfolio may invest in variable and floating rate securities. Variable rate securities are instruments issued or guaranteed by entities such as (1) U.S. Government, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, (2) corporations, (3) financial institutions, (4) insurance companies or (5) trusts that have a rate of interest subject to adjustment at regular intervals. A variable rate security provides for the automatic establishment of a new interest rate on set dates. Interest rates on these securities are ordinarily tied to widely recognized market rates, which are typically set once a day. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a smaller effect on the market value of variable and floating rate securities than on the market value of comparable fixed income obligations. Variable rate obligations will be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate.
When-Issued Securities
The Portfolio may purchase securities on a when-issued basis. Delivery of and payment for these securities may take place as long as a month or more after the date of the purchase commitment. The value of these securities is subject to market fluctuation during this period, and no income accrues to the Portfolio until settlement takes place. When entering into a when-issued transaction, the Portfolio will rely on the other party to consummate the transaction; if the other party fails to do so, the Portfolio may be disadvantaged. The Portfolio will not invest more than 25% of its respective net assets in when-issued securities. Securities purchased on a when-issued basis and held by the Portfolio are subject to changes in market value based upon actual or perceived changes in the level of interest rates. Generally, the value of such securities will fluctuate inversely to changes in interest rates — i.e., they will appreciate in value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Therefore, if, in order to achieve higher interest income, the Portfolio remains substantially fully invested at the same time that it has purchased securities on a when-issued basis, there will be a greater possibility of fluctuation in the Portfolio's NAV.
Zero-Coupon Securities
The Portfolio may invest in zero coupon securities. Zero-coupon securities are notes, bonds and debentures that: (1) do not pay current interest and are issued at a substantial discount from par value; (2) have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons and receipts; or (3) pay no interest until a stated date one or more years into the future. These securities also include certificates representing interests in such stripped coupons and receipts. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a greater impact on the market value of a zero-coupon security than on the market value of the comparable securities that pay interest periodically during the life of the instrument. In the case of any zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are treated as issued originally at a discount, the Portfolio will be required to accrue original issue discount (OID) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and may as a result be required to pay out as an income distribution an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Portfolio actually received. The Portfolio may be required to sell investments in order to meet such distribution requirements, including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so.
The Portfolio may invest no more than 25% of its total assets in stripped securities that have been stripped by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. A number of securities firms and banks have stripped the interest coupons and resold them in custodian receipt programs with different names. Privately-issued stripped securities are not themselves guaranteed by the U.S. Government, but the future payment of principal or interest on U.S. Treasury obligations, which they represent, is so guaranteed.
15

Fundamental Investment Restrictions
The Trust has adopted the following fundamental investment policies with respect to the Portfolio, which may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the shareholders of the Portfolio. A majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act to mean the affirmative vote of the lesser of: (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a portfolio; and (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present at the meeting in person or by proxy. The Portfolio may not:
1.
Borrow money, except as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes or to facilitate redemptions (not for leveraging or investment), provided that borrowing does not exceed an amount equal to 33 1/3% of the current value of the Portfolio's assets taken at market value, less liabilities, other than borrowings. If, at any time, the Portfolio's borrowings exceed this limitation due to a decline in net assets, such borrowings will, within three days, be reduced to the extent necessary to comply with this limitation. The Portfolio will not purchase investments once borrowed funds (including reverse repurchase agreements) exceed 5% of its total assets.
2.
Make loans to any person or firm; provided, however, that the making of a loan shall not include (i) the acquisition for investment of bonds, debentures, notes or other evidence of indebtedness that is publicly distributed or of a type customarily purchased by institutional investors, or (ii) entering into repurchase agreements, and provided further that the Portfolio may lend its portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other institutional investors if the aggregate value of all securities loaned does not exceed 33 1/3% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets.
3.
Engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others, except that the Portfolio will not be deemed to be an underwriter or to be underwriting on account of the purchase or sale of securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on disposition.
4.
Issue senior securities, except as permitted by its investment objective, policies and restrictions, and except as permitted by the 1940 Act.
5.
Invest 25% or more of the value of its total assets in securities of companies primarily engaged in any one industry (other than the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities); provided, however, that concentration may occur as a result of changes in the market value of portfolio securities and from investments in bankers' acceptances, certificates of deposit, time deposits and other similar instruments issued by foreign and domestic branches of U.S. and foreign banks.
6.
With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest in securities of any one issuer (other than securities issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities and shares of investment companies), if immediately thereafter and as a result of such investment (i) the current market value of the Portfolio's holdings in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Portfolio's assets or (ii) the Portfolio owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer.
7.
Purchase or sell real estate or real estate mortgage loans; provided, however, that the Portfolio may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies, which invest in real estate or interests therein.
8.
Invest in commodities, except that the Portfolio may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon.
The concentration policy of the Portfolio (as set forth in Investment Restriction No. 5, above) permits the Portfolio to invest, without limit (other than any investment limitation described herein), in bankers' acceptances, certificates of deposit, time deposits and similar instruments issued by (i) U.S. banks, (ii) U.S. branches of foreign banks (in circumstances in which the U.S. branches of foreign banks are subject to the same regulation as U.S. banks), (iii) foreign branches of U.S. banks (in circumstances in which the Portfolio will have recourse to the U.S. bank for the obligations of the foreign branch), and (iv) foreign branches of foreign banks to the extent that the Adviser determines that the foreign branches of foreign banks are subject to the same or substantially similar regulations as U.S. banks. The Portfolio may concentrate in such instruments when, in the opinion of the Adviser, the yield, marketability and availability of investments meeting the Portfolio's quality standards in the banking industry justify any additional risks associated with the concentration of the Portfolio's assets in such industry.
16

If concentration in an industry (other than as contemplated by Investment Restriction No. 5) occurs as a result of changes in the market value of securities held by the Portfolio (including as a result of reductions in the net assets of the Portfolio in connection with the redemptions of shares of the Portfolio), future purchases of securities will be made in a manner that does not increase such concentration and, over time, can be expected to eliminate such concentration.
The Portfolio shall not invest more than 50% of the value of its total assets in securities issued by foreign branches of foreign banks. This non-fundamental restriction may be changed by the Board without the approval of shareholders.
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The Trust's Policies on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings (Disclosure Policy) are intended to ensure compliance by the Trust's service providers and the Trust with (1) applicable regulations of the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and (2) general principles of fiduciary duty relating to client accounts. The Board must approve all material amendments to this policy and may amend this policy from time to time.
The Trust may disclose the securities holdings of the Portfolio on a daily basis to shareholders and to investors eligible to invest in the Portfolio, provided that those investors (Eligible Investors) are a party to a currently effective securities lending agency agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street). Information regarding holdings of the Portfolio and other online reports are available electronically on a daily basis to shareholders of the Trust and Eligible Investors with a one-day lag through State Street's web portal, www.my.statestreet.com. The Trust may also disclose holdings of the Portfolio (i) to the extent required by law; (ii) to the Trust's service providers who generally need access to such information in the performance of their contractual duties and responsibilities, such as the Trustees of the Trust, the Trust's investment adviser, custodian, fund accountant, administrator, independent public accountants, attorneys, and each of their respective affiliates and advisers, and are subject to duties of confidentiality imposed by law and/or contract; and (iii) to broker-dealers to facilitate trading.
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Board and SSGA FM may, on a case-by-case basis, impose restrictions on the disclosure of portfolio holdings information, including, without limitation, suspension or cessation of disclosure of holdings information of the Trust or the Portfolio.
Waivers of Restrictions
The Disclosure Policy may not be waived, or exceptions made, without the written consent of an officer of the Trust. No waiver or exception may be granted unless the person or entity benefiting thereby agrees in writing to maintain the confidentiality of information disclosed and to use such information solely in connection with its decisions relating to participation in a Securities Lending Program.
All waivers and exceptions involving the Trust will be disclosed to the Board no later than its next regularly scheduled quarterly meeting.
ITEM 17. MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The Board is responsible for overseeing generally the management, activities and affairs of the Portfolio and has approved contracts with various organizations to provide, among other services, day-to-day management required by the Trust (see the section called Investment Advisory and Other Services). The Board has engaged the Adviser to manage the Portfolio on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operation of the Trust in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable Massachusetts law and regulation, other applicable laws and regulations, and the Second Amended and Restated Master Trust Agreement. The Trustees listed below are also Trustees of the SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Tax-Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund and Elfun Trusts (collectively, the Elfun Funds), State Street Institutional Funds and State
17

Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc., and their respective series. The following table provides information with respect to each Trustee, including those Trustees who are not considered to be interested as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (the Independent Trustees), and each officer of the Trust.
Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
and Relevant
Experience
Number of
Funds in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee†
Other
Directorships
Held By Trustee
During Past Five
Years
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES
 
PATRICK J. RILEY
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB:1948
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Board
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
4/16 Elected:
6/16
Associate Justice of the
Superior Court,
Commonwealth of
Massachusetts (2002 –
May 2010); Partner,
Riley, Burke & Donahue,
L.L.P. (law firm) (1985 –
2002); Independent
Director, State Street
Global Advisors Europe
Limited (investment
company) (1998 –
present); Independent
Director, SSGA Liquidity
plc (formerly, SSGA
Cash Management Fund
plc) (1998 – present);
Independent Director,
SSGA Fixed Income plc
) (January 2009 –
present); and
Independent Director,
SSGA Qualified Funds
PLC (January 2009 -
2019).
54
Board Director and
Chairman, SPDR
Europe 1PLC Board
(2011 - present); Board
Director and Chairman,
SPDR Europe II, PLC
(2013 - present).
JOHN R. COSTANTINO
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1946
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Qualified
Legal
Compliance
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Elected:
12/18
Senior Advisor to NGN
Capital LLC (January
2020 – present);
Managing General
Partner, NGN Capital
LLC (2006 – December
2019).
54
Director of Kleinfeld
Bridal Corp. (January
2016 – present); Trustee
of Neuroscience
Research Institute (1986
– 2017); Trustee of
Fordham University
(1989 – 1995 and 2001
– 2007) and Trustee
Emeritus (2007 –
present); Trustee and
Independent
Chairperson of GE
Funds (1993 – February
2011); Director,
Muscular Dystrophy
Association (2019 –
present); Trustee of
Gregorian University
Foundation (1992 –
2007); Chairman of the
Board of Directors,
Vivaldi Biosciences Inc.
(May 2017 - present);
Chairman of the
Supervisory Board,
Vivaldi Biosciences AG.
(May 2017 - present);
Trustee, Gallim Dance
(December 2021 -
present).
MICHAEL A. JESSEE
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Valuation
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
Retired; formerly,
President and Chief
Executive Officer of the
54
None
18

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
and Relevant
Experience
Number of
Funds in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee†
Other
Directorships
Held By Trustee
During Past Five
Years
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1946
Committee
2/96
Federal Home Loan
Bank of Boston (1989 –
2009); Trustee,
Randolph-Macon
College (2004 – 2016).
 
 
MARGARET MCLAUGHLIN
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1967
Trustee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
9/22
Consultant, Bates Group
(consultants) (2021 –
2023); Consultant,
Madison Dearborn
Partners (private equity)
(2019 – 2020); General
Counsel/CCO, Kramer
Van Kirk Credit
Strategies L.P./Mariana
Systems LLC
(Investment
Adviser/SaaS
Technology) (2011 –
2019).
54
Director, Manning &
Napier Fund Inc (2021 –
2022).
GEORGE M. PEREIRA
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1964
Trustee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
9/22
Chief Operating Officer
(January 2011 –
September 2020) and
Chief Financial Officer
(November 2004 –
September 2020),
Charles Schwab
Investment
Management.
54
Director, Pacific Premier
Bancorp, Pacific Premier
Bank (2021 – present);
Director, Charles
Schwab Asset
Management (Ireland)
Ltd., & Charles Schwab
Worldwide Funds plc.
(2005 – 2020); Director,
Rotaplast International,
Inc. (non-profit providing
free medical services to
children worldwide)
(2012 – 2018).
DONNA M. RAPACCIOLI
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1962
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Audit
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Elected:
12/18
Dean of the Gabelli
School of Business
(2007 – June 2022) and
Accounting Professor
(1987 – present) at
Fordham University.
54
Director- Graduate
Management
Admissions Council
(2015 – present);
Trustee of Emmanuel
College (2010 – 2019).
19

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
and Relevant
Experience
Number of
Funds in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee†
Other
Directorships
Held By Trustee
During Past Five
Years
RICHARD D. SHIRK
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1945
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Nominating
Committee and
Chairperson of
the Governance
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Elected: 7/16
Chairman (March 2001 -
April 2002), President
and Chief Executive
Officer (1996 - March
2001), Cerulean
Companies, Inc. (holding
company) (Retired);
President and Chief
Executive Officer, Blue
Cross Blue Shield of
Georgia (health insurer,
managed healthcare)
(1992 - March 2001).
54
Chairman and Board
Member (1998 -
December 2008) and
Investment Committee
Member (December
2008 - present),
Healthcare Georgia
Foundation (private
foundation); Lead
Director and Board
Member, Amerigroup
Corp. (managed health
care) (September 2002
– 2012); Board Member
(1999 - 2013) and
Investment Committee
Member (2001 - 2017),
Woodruff Arts Center;
Trustee, Gettysburg
College (2003 - 2009);
Board member,
Aerocare Holdings
(2003 - January 2021),
Regenesis Biomedical
Inc. (April 2012 -
present).
MARK E. SWANSON
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1963
Trustee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
3/23
Treasurer, Chief
Accounting Officer and
Chief Financial Officer,
Russell Investment
Funds (RIF) (1998 –
2022); Global Head of
Fund Services, Russell
Investments (2013 –
2022); Treasurer, Chief
Accounting Officer and
Chief Financial Officer,
Russell Investment
Company (RIC) (1998
– 2022); President and
Chief Executive Officer,
RIF (2016 – 2017 and
2020 – 2022); President
and Chief Executive
Officer, RIC (2016 –
2017 and 2020 – 2022)
54
Director and President,
Russell Investments
Fund Services, LLC
(2010 – 2023); Director,
Russell Investment
Management, LLC,
Russell Investments
Trust Company and
Russell Investments
Financial Services, LLC
(2010 – 2023).
INTERESTED TRUSTEE(1)
 
ELLEN M. NEEDHAM(2)
SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1967
Trustee and
President
Term:
Indefinite
Elected
President:
9/12 Elected
Trustee:
12/18
Chairman, SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
(March 2020 – present);
President and Director,
SSGA Funds
Management, Inc. (2001
– present)*; Senior
Managing Director, State
Street Global Advisors
(1992 – present)*;
Manager, State Street
Global Advisors Funds
Distributors, LLC (May
2017 – present).
54
Board Director, SSGA
SPDR ETFs Europe I
plc (May 2020—
present); Board Director,
SSGA SPDR ETFs
Europe II plc (May
2020—present).
(1)
The individual listed below is a Trustee who is an interested person, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Trust (Interested Trustee).
(2)
Ms. Needham is an Interested Trustee because of her employment by SSGA Funds Management, Inc., an affiliate of the Trust.
20

*
Served in various capacities and/or with various affiliated entities during noted time period.
For the purpose of determining the number of portfolios overseen by the Trustees, Fund Complex comprises registered investment companies for which SSGA FM serves as investment adviser.
The following lists the principal officers for the Trust, as well as their mailing addresses and ages, positions with the Trust and length of time served, and present and principal occupations:
Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
OFFICERS:
ELLEN M. NEEDHAM
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1967
President and
Trustee
Term: Indefinite
President-
Served: since
9/12 Elected
Trustee: 12/18
Chairman, SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (March
2020—present); President and Director, SSGA Funds
Management, Inc. (2001—present)*; Senior Managing
Director, State Street Global Advisors (1992—present)*;
Manager, State Street Global Advisors Funds
Distributors, LLC (May 2017—present).
BRUCE S. ROSENBERG
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1961
Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/17
Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (July 2015 – present);
Director, Credit Suisse (April 2008 – July 2015).
ANN M. CARPENTER
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1966
Vice President and
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
3/16
Chief Operating Officer, SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
(April 2005 – present)*; Managing Director, State Street
Global Advisors (April 2005 – present).*
CHAD C. HALLETT
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1969
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/17
Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (November 2014 – present).
DARLENE ANDERSON-VASQUEZ
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1968
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
11/16
Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (May 2016 – present);
Senior Vice President, John Hancock Investments
(September 2007 – May 2016).
ARTHUR A. JENSEN
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
1600 Summer Street
Stamford, CT 06905
YOB: 1966
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/17
Vice President State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (July 2016 – present); Mutual
Funds Controller, GE Asset Management Incorporated
(April 2011 – July 2016).
DAVID LANCASTER
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1971
Assistant Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
11/20
Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (July 2017 – present);
Assistant Vice President, State Street Bank and Trust
Company (November 2011 – July 2017).*
JOHN BETTENCOURT
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street,
Boston, MA 02210
YOB:1976
Assistant Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
5/22
Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (March 2020 – present);
Assistant Vice President, State Street Global Advisors
(June 2007 – March 2020).
BRIAN HARRIS
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1973
Chief Compliance
Officer; Anti-
Money Laundering
Officer; Code of
Ethics Compliance
Officer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
7/16
Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (June 2013 – present).*
SEAN O'MALLEY
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1969
Chief Legal Officer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
8/19
Senior Vice President and General Counsel, State
Street Global Advisors (May 2022 - present); Senior
Vice President and Deputy General Counsel, State
Street Global Advisors (November 2013 – May 2022).
21

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
DAVID BARR
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1974
Secretary
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/20
Vice President and Senior Counsel, State Street Global
Advisors (October 2019 – present); Vice President and
Counsel, Eaton Vance Corp. (October 2010 – October
2019).
DAVID URMAN
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1985
Assistant Secretary
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
8/19
Vice President and Senior Counsel, State Street Global
Advisors (April 2019 – present); Vice President and
Counsel, State Street Global Advisors (August 2015 –
April 2019); Associate, Ropes & Gray LLP (November
2012 – August 2015).
*
Served in various capacities and/or with various affiliated entities during noted time period.
Summary of Trustees' Qualifications
Following is a brief discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes or skills, which qualify each Trustee to serve on the Board, in light of the Trust's business and structure.
Patrick J. Riley: Mr. Riley is an experienced business executive with over 44 years of experience in the legal and financial services industries; his experience includes service as a trustee or director of various investment companies and Associate Justice of the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He has served on the Board of Trustees and related Committees of SSGA Funds for 32 years and possesses significant experience regarding the operations and history of the Trust. Mr. Riley also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
John R. Costantino: In addition to his tenure as a board member of various other funds advised by SSGA FM, Mr. Costantino has over 32 years of private equity investing experience. He has also served as an officer or a board member of charitable organizations and public and private companies for over 32 years. Mr. Costantino is an attorney and a certified public accountant. He also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. (independent chairperson through 2016).
Michael A. Jessee: Mr. Jessee is an experienced business executive with approximately 44 years of experience in the banking industry. He previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston as well as various senior executive positions of major banks. Mr. Jessee has served on the Navigator Trust's Board of Trustees and related committees for 25 years and possesses significant experience regarding the Trust's operations and history. Mr. Jessee also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Margaret McLaughlin: Ms. McLaughlin has over twenty-five years of experience she has gained in a variety of roles encompassing regulatory, operating, legal, and compliance functions, serving both firms and their boards. Ms. McLaughlin formerly served as a founding member of the executive management team for Kramer Van Kirk Credit Strategies L.P. and its technology affiliate, Mariana Systems LLC, where she was integrally involved in corporate strategy, operational oversight, risk management and board governance. Prior to Kramer Van Kirk, Ms. McLaughlin was Assistant General Counsel to Harris Associates L.P., where she was responsible for legal, regulatory and compliance activities related to the Oakmark Mutual Funds. Ms. McLaughlin has an extensive understanding and perspective on governance, oversight, regulation, policies and procedures from these positions as well as her prior experience with both the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice. Most recently, Ms. McLaughlin has held consulting positions at major private equity and management consulting firms. Ms. McLaughlin serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
George M. Pereira: Mr. Pereira has over thirty years of experience in executive management with financial institutions, including extensive experience relating to financial reporting, operations, cybersecurity oversight, and enterprise risk management. Mr. Pereira recently retired from Charles Schwab Investment Management Inc., having served as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer during his tenure. Previously, Mr. Pereira also served as Head of Financial
22

Reporting for Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Earlier in his career, Mr. Pereira gained valuable regulatory experience and perspective while serving as managing director at the New York Stock Exchange. With this professional experience, Mr. Pereira has developed wide-ranging expertise in building and managing financial, operational, technology and risk control platforms for growth and scale within the financial services industry. Additionally, Mr. Pereira is a member of the Latino Corporate Directors Association. Mr. Pereira serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Donna M. Rapaccioli: Ms. Rapaccioli has over 32 years of service as a full-time member of the business faculty at Fordham University, where she developed and taught undergraduate and graduate courses, including International Accounting and Financial Statement Analysis and has taught at the executive MBA level. She has served on Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation team visits, lectured on accounting and finance topics and consulted for numerous investment banks. Ms. Rapaccioli also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Richard D. Shirk: Mr. Shirk is an experienced business executive with over 52 years of experience in the health care and insurance industries and with investment matters; his experience includes service as a trustee, director or officer of various health care companies and nonprofit organizations. He has served on the Board of Trustees and related Committees of SSGA Funds for 32 years and possesses significant experience regarding the operations and history of the Trust. Mr. Shirk also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Mark E. Swanson: Mr. Swanson has over twenty-five years of experience in executive management with financial services institutions, including extensive experience relating to fund operations, financial reporting, fund accounting, and fund services. Mr. Swanson recently retired from Russell Investments, having served most recently as the Global Head of Fund Services. Additionally, Mr. Swanson served as Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer Russell Investment Company (RIC) and Russell Investment Funds (RIF). Previously, Mr. Swanson served as Global Head of Fund Operations for Russell, as well as serving in different directorships with RIC, RIF and other Russell entities. Mr. Swanson serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund, Elfun Tax Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Trusts, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Funds, Inc.
Ellen M. Needham: Ms. Needham is a Senior Managing Director of State Street Global Advisors, Head of Global Funds Management, and President of SSGA Funds Management, Inc. Ms. Needham serves as a director of SSGA Funds Management, Inc. and a manager of State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC. In her role, Ms. Needham is responsible for managing firm-wide processes that focus on governance, fund structure, subadviser oversight, tax, product viability, distribution, ongoing monitoring and regulatory coordination across all products globally. She has been involved in the investment industry for over thirty years, beginning her career at State Street in 1989. Ms. Needham also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. and is a Board Director—SPDR Europe I plc and SPDR Europe II plc Boards.
The discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees above is provided as required by the federal securities laws and the regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder, does not constitute holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.
Standing Committees
The Board of Trustees has established various committees to facilitate the timely and efficient consideration of various matters of importance to the Independent Trustees, the Trust, and the Portfolio's shareholders and to facilitate compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Currently, the Board has created an Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Valuation Committee, Nominating Committee and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (the QLCC).
The Audit Committee is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee meets twice a year, or more often as required, in conjunction with meetings of the Board of Trustees. The Audit Committee oversees and monitors the Trust's internal accounting and control structure, its auditing function and its financial reporting process. The Audit Committee is responsible for selecting and retaining the independent accountants for the Trust. The Audit Committee is
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responsible for approving the audit plans, fees and other material arrangements in respect of the engagement of the independent accountants, including non-audit services performed. The Audit Committee reviews the qualifications of the independent accountant's key personnel involved in the foregoing activities and monitors the independent accountant's independence. During the Trust's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Audit Committee held four meetings.
Each of the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The primary functions of the Governance Committee, and the Nominating Committee are to review and evaluate the composition and performance of the Board; make nominations for membership on the Board and committees; review the responsibilities of each committee; and review governance procedures, compensation of Independent Trustees, and independence of outside counsel to the Trustees. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees to the Board recommended by shareholders. Recommendations should be submitted in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Nominating Committee Charter and should be submitted in writing to the Trust, to the attention of the Trust's Secretary, at the address of the principal executive offices of the Trust. Shareholder recommendations must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Trust not less than sixty (60) calendar days nor more than ninety (90) calendar days prior to the date of the Board or shareholder meeting at which the nominee candidate would be considered for election. The Governance Committee performs an annual self-evaluation of Board members. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee held six combined meetings.
The Valuation Committee is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The Valuation Committee's primary purpose is to review the actions and recommendations of the Adviser's Oversight Committee no less often than quarterly. The Trust has established procedures and guidelines for valuing portfolio securities and making fair value determinations from time to time through the Valuation Committee, with the assistance of the Oversight Committee, State Street and SSGA FM. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Valuation Committee held five meetings.
The QLCC is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The primary functions of the QLCC are to receive quarterly reports from the Trust's chief compliance officer (the Chief Compliance Officer); to oversee generally the Trust's responses to regulatory inquiries; and to investigate matters referred to it by the Chief Legal Officer and make recommendations to the Board regarding the implementation of an appropriate response to evidence of a material violation of the securities laws or breach of fiduciary duty or similar violation by the Trust, its officers or the Trustees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the QLCC Committee held four meetings.
Leadership Structure and Risk Management Oversight
The Board has chosen to select different individuals as Chairperson of the Board of the Trust and as President of the Trust. Currently, Mr. Riley, an Independent Trustee, serves as Chairperson of the Board, Ms. Rapaccioli serves as Chairperson of the Audit Committee, Mr. Costantino serves as Chairperson of the QLCC, Mr. Jessee serves as Chairperson of the Valuation Committee, Mr. Shirk serves as Chairperson of each of the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee.
Ms. Needham, who is an employee of the Adviser, serves as a Trustee of the Trust and also serves as President of the Trust. The Board believes that this leadership structure is appropriate, since Ms. Needham provides the Board with insight regarding the Trust's day-to-day management, while Mr. Riley provides an independent perspective on the Trust's overall operation and Ms. Rapaccioli provides a specialized perspective on audit matters.
The Board has delegated management of the Trust to service providers who are responsible for the day-to-day management of risks applicable to the Trust. The Board oversees risk management for the Trust in several ways. The Board receives regular reports from both the Chief Compliance Officer and administrator for the Trust, detailing the results of the Trust's compliance with its Board-adopted policies and procedures, the investment policies and limitations of the Portfolio, and applicable provisions of the federal securities laws and the Code. As needed, the Adviser discusses management issues regarding the Trust with the Board soliciting the Board's input on many aspects of management, including potential risks to the Portfolio. The Board's Audit Committee also receives reports on various aspects of risk that might affect the Trust and offers advice to management, as appropriate. The Trustees also meet in executive session with the independent counsel to the Independent Trustees, the independent registered public accounting firm, counsel to the Trust, the Chief Compliance Officer and representatives of management, as needed. Through these regular reports and interactions, the Board oversees the risk management parameters for the Trust, which are effected on a day-to-day basis by service providers to the Trust.
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Trustee Ownership of Securities of the Trust or Adviser
As of December 31, 2022, none of the Independent Trustees or their family members had any ownership of securities of the Adviser or any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser.
The following table sets forth information describing the dollar range of the Trust's equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee as of December 31, 2022.
 
Dollar Range Of
Equity
Securities
Aggregate
Dollar Range Of
Equity
Securities In All
Registered
Investment
Companies
Overseen By
Trustees In
Family of
Investment
Companies
Name of Independent Trustee
 
 
Patrick J. Riley
None
Over $100,000
John R Costantino
None
None
Michael A. Jessee
None
None
Margaret McLaughlin(1)
None
None
George M. Pereira(1)
None
None
Donna M. Rapaccioli
None
None
Richard D. Shirk
None
Over $100,000
Mark E. Swanson(2)
None
None
Name of Interested Trustee
 
 
Ellen M. Needham
None
None
(1) Ms. McLaughlin and Mr. Pereira were appointed Trustees effective September 15, 2022.
(2) Mr. Swanson was appointed as Trustee effective March 2, 2023.
Trustee Compensation
Independent Trustees are compensated on a calendar year basis. Any Trustee who is deemed to be an interested person (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Portfolio does not receive compensation from the Portfolio for his or her service as a Trustee. As of January 1, 2023, except as noted below, each Independent Trustee will receive for his or her services to the State Street Master Funds, the State Street Institutional Investment Trust, the SSGA Funds, the Elfun Funds, the Navigator Trust, State Street Institutional Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. (together, the Fund Entities) an annual retainer of $360,000. The Chairperson receives an additional $90,000 annual retainer. The Independent Trustees receive a fee of $25,000 for each additional special in-person Board meeting and $5,000 for each additional special telephonic Board meeting. As of January 1, 2020, the total annual compensation paid to the Independent Trustees (other than telephonic and special meeting fees) is allocated to each Fund Entity as follows: a fixed amount of $21,000 will be allocated to each Fund Entity or, if applicable, each series thereof; and the remainder will be allocated among the Fund Entities or, if applicable, each series thereof based on relative net assets excluding, however, any feeder fund that invests in a master fund that is a Fund Entity or series thereof. The Independent Trustees are reimbursed for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses in connection with meeting attendance. As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees were not paid pension or retirement benefits as part of the Trust's expenses.
For purposes of computing Independent Trustee compensation, an in-person meeting refers to a meeting to which all attendees are invited to assemble at a specific physical location. An Independent Trustee is considered to have attended an in-person meeting if he or she attends the meeting with the assistance of an audio/visual system that permits (a) the Independent Trustee to see and hear all of the other attendees at the meeting and (b) all such other attendees to see and hear the Independent Trustee. Independent Trustee fees are allocated among each respective series of the Trust in such a manner as deemed equitable. Independent Trustee fees are allocated as follows: one-half is allocated taking into consideration the relative net assets of each series and one-half is apportioned to each series in equal amounts.
The Trust's officers are compensated by the Adviser and its affiliates.
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The table below shows the compensation that the Trustees received during the Trust's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Name of Trustee
Aggregate
Compensation
from the Trust
Pension or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued as
Part of Trust
Expenses
Estimated
Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement
Total
Compensation
from the Trust and
Fund Complex
Paid to Trustees
Independent Trustees:
Michael F. Holland(1)
$24,731
$0
$0
$410,000
Patrick J. Riley
$24,731
$0
$0
$410,000
John R. Costantino
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Michael A. Jessee
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Donna M. Rapaccioli
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Richard D. Shirk
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Margaret McLaughlin(2)
$5,300
$0
$0
$80,000
George M. Pereira(2)
$5,300
$0
$0
$80,000
Mark E. Swanson(3)
$-
$-
$-
$-
Interested Trustee:
Ellen M. Needham
$0
$0
$0
$0
(1)
Mr. Holland served as a Trustee until December 31, 2022.
(2)
Ms. McLaughlin and Mr. Pereira were appointed Trustees effective September 15, 2022.
(3)
Mr. Swanson did not receive compensation from the Funds for services as Trustee for the most recently completed fiscal years of the Funds because he did not serve as Trustee during the relevant periods.
The total compensation from Portfolio I paid to the Trustees for the Trust's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
 
Aggregate
Compensation
from the
Portfolio
Name of Independent Trustee
 
Michael F. Holland(1)
$4,399
Patrick J. Riley
$4,399
John R. Costantino
$3,568
Michael A. Jessee
$3,568
Donna M. Rapaccioli
$3,568
Richard D. Shirk
$3,568
Margaret McLaughlin(2)
$775
George M. Pereira(2)
$775
Mark E. Swanson(3)
$-
Name of Interested Trustee
 
Ellen M. Needham
$0
(1)
Mr. Holland retired from the Board of Trustees of the Trust effective as of December 31, 2022.
(2)
Ms. McLaughlin and Mr. Pereira were appointed Trustees effective September 15, 2022.
(3)
Mr. Swanson did not receive compensation from the Funds for services as Trustee for the most recently completed fiscal years of the Funds because he did not serve as Trustee during the relevant periods.
CODES OF ETHICS
The Trust and the Adviser have each adopted a code of ethics (together, the Codes of Ethics) pursuant to Rule 17j-1 as required by applicable law, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust and the Adviser from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Portfolio (which
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may also be held by persons subject to the Codes of Ethics). The Codes of Ethics permit personnel, subject to the Codes of Ethics and their provisions, to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust, Adviser and State Street.
PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES
The Trust has adopted proxy voting procedures pursuant to which the Trust delegates the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Portfolio to SSGA FM as part of SSGA FM's general management of the Portfolio, subject to the Board's continuing oversight. A copy of the Trust's proxy voting procedures is located in Appendix B and a copy of the Adviser's proxy voting procedures is located in Appendix C.
Shareholders may receive information regarding how the Portfolio voted proxies relating to portfolio securities, if any, during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 (i) by calling (800) 997-7327 or (ii) on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
ITEM 18. CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDERS
In connection with State Street's Securities Lending Program, State Street holds certain collateral on behalf of its securities lending clients to secure the return of loaned securities. Such collateral may be invested in Trust shares from time to time. Shares of Portfolio I will be registered with the Trust's transfer agent in the name of State Street, as agent for each Lending Fund, or in the name of the Lending Fund or the Lending Fund's custodian. Consequently, State Street will not be a controlling person of the Trust for purposes of the 1940 Act.
Persons or organizations owning 25% or more of the outstanding interests of the Portfolio may be presumed to control (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) the Portfolio. As a result, these persons or organizations could have the ability to approve or reject those matters submitted to the investors of the Portfolio for their approval.
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
As of March 31, 2023, the following shareholders of record, through one or more accounts, owned 25% or more of the issued and outstanding shares of the Portfolio:
Name and Address
Percentage
Diamond Hill Large Cap Fund
325 John H. McConnell Blvd, Suite 200
Columbus, OH 43215
40.69%
Diamond Hill Long-Short Fund
325 John H. McConnell Blvd, Suite 200
Columbus, OH 43215
34.56%
As of March 31, 2023, the following shareholders of record, through one or more accounts, owned 5% or more of the issued and outstanding shares of the Portfolio:
Name and Address
Percentage
Diamond Hill Small-Mid Cap Fund
325 John H. McConnell Blvd, Suite 200
Columbus, OH 43215
11.22%
Diamond Hill Core Bond Fund
325 John H. McConnell Blvd, Suite 200
Columbus, OH 43215
5.89%
As of March 31, 2023, the Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a group, did not own any of the Trust's voting securities.
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ITEM 19. INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
SERVICE PROVIDERS
Most of the Portfolio's necessary day-to-day operations are performed by service providers under contract to the Trust. The principal service providers for the Portfolio I are:
Investment Adviser and Administrator:
Custodian, Transfer Agent and Sub-Administrator:
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm:
SSGA FM
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Ernst & Young LLP
ADVISER
SSGA FM serves as the investment adviser to the Portfolio pursuant to an Advisory Agreement dated as of May 1, 2001, as amended (Advisory Agreement), by and between the Adviser and the Trust. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a publicly held financial holding company. Prior to June 8, 2017, SSGA FM was a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation. The Adviser's mailing address is One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser directs the Portfolio's investments in accordance with its investment objectives, policies and limitations. For these services, the Portfolio pays a fee to the Adviser at the rates stated in the Part A. The advisory fees paid by the Portfolio to SSGA FM for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $188,668, $134,401, and $143,404, respectively.
Total Annual Fund Operating Expense Waivers. The Adviser has contractually agreed with the Trust, through April 30, 2024, (i) to waive up to the full amount of the advisory fee payable by the Portfolio, and/or (ii) to reimburse the Portfolio for expenses to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (subject to certain exclusions) exceed 0.042% of average daily net assets on an annual basis.
The Advisory Agreement will continue from year to year provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (a) the Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio, and (b) vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated by the Adviser or the Trust without penalty upon sixty days' notice and will terminate automatically upon its assignment.
ADMINISTRATOR
SSGA FM serves as the Administrator (the Administrator) of the Portfolio pursuant to an Administration Agreement dated as of June 3, 2015, as amended (Administration Agreement) by and between SSGA FM and the Trust. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator will, among other things (i) provide Portfolio I with administrative and clerical services, including the maintenance of certain of the Portfolio's books and records; (ii) arrange the periodic updating of the Trust's Registration Statement and the Portfolio's Confidential Offering Memorandum; and (iii) provide proxy materials and reports to the Portfolio's shareholders and the SEC. For these services, the Portfolio pays an annual administration fee equal to 0.00075% of the Portfolio's average daily net assets. The administration fees paid by the Portfolio to SSGA FM for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 were $5,660, $4,032, and $71,702, respectively. The Portfolio reimburses SSGA FM for certain out-of-pocket travel expenses of the CCO and compliance team incurred on the Portfolio's behalf.
The Administration Agreement was approved initially for a one-year term by the Trustees, and will continue in effect from year to year unless terminated in writing by either the Administrator or the Trust at the end of such period or thereafter on 60 days' prior written notice given by either party to the other party.
SUB-ADMINISTRATOR, CUSTODY, FUND ACCOUNTING AND TRANSFER AGENCY
State Street serves as the sub-administrator for the Trust, pursuant to a sub-administration agreement dated June 1, 2015 (the Sub-Administration Agreement). State Street serves as the custodian for the Trust, pursuant to a custody agreement dated April 11, 2012 (the Custody Agreement). Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, State Street is obligated to provide certain sub-administrative services to the Trust. Under the Custody Agreement, State Street is obligated to provide certain custody services to the Trust, as well as basic portfolio recordkeeping required by the Trust for regulatory and financial reporting purposes. State Street also serves as transfer agent for the Portfolio. State Street is a wholly owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a publicly held financial holding company, and is affiliated with the Adviser. State Street's mailing address is State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111-2900.
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As consideration for sub-administration, custody, fund accounting, and transfer agency services, the Portfolio pays State Street an annual fee (payable monthly) based on the average monthly net assets of the Portfolio. The Portfolio also pays State Street transaction and service fees for these services and reimburses State Street for out-of-pocket expenses.
The custodian, sub-administration, fund accounting and transfer agent service fees paid by the Portfolio to State Street for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 were $133,651, $88,040, and $53,319, respectively.
COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Ropes & Gray LLP serves as counsel to the Trust. The principal business address of Ropes & Gray LLP is 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199. Sullivan & Worcester LLP, located at One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts, 02109, serves as independent counsel to the Independent Trustees.
The Audit Committee approved the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP (E&Y), 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116, as the Portfolio's independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.
ITEM 20. PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The Adviser manages the Funds using a team of investment professionals. The following table lists the number and types of accounts managed by each of the key professionals involved in the day-to-day portfolio management for each Fund and assets under management in those accounts. The total number of accounts and assets have been allocated to each respective manager. Therefore, some accounts and assets have been counted twice.
Portfolio Manager
Registered
Investment
Company
Accounts
Assets
Managed
(billions)*
Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicle
Accounts
Assets
Managed
(billions)*
Other
Accounts
Assets
Managed
(billions)*
Total
Assets
Managed
(billions)
Todd Bean
17
$205.08
17
$101.60
74
$94.53
$401.21
Sean Lussier
17
$205.08
17
$101.60
74
$94.53
$401.21
*
There are no performance-based fees associated with these accounts.
The portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Portfolio as of December 31, 2022.
A portfolio manager that has responsibility for managing more than one account may be subject to potential conflicts of interest because he or she is responsible for other accounts in addition to the Portfolio. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of: (a) the portfolio manager's execution of different investment strategies for various accounts; or (b) the allocation of resources or of investment opportunities.
Portfolio managers may manage numerous accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include registered investment companies, other types of pooled accounts (e.g., collective investment funds), and separate accounts (i.e., accounts managed on behalf of individuals or public or private institutions). Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each account based on the investment objectives and policies and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that portfolio. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of a portfolio manager's responsibility for multiple accounts with similar investment guidelines. Under these circumstances, a potential investment may be suitable for more than one of the portfolio manager's accounts, but the quantity of the investment available for purchase is less than the aggregate amount the accounts would ideally devote to the opportunity. Similar conflicts may arise when multiple accounts seek to dispose of the same investment. The portfolio managers may also manage accounts whose objectives and policies differ from that of the Portfolio. These differences may be such that under certain circumstances, trading activity appropriate for one account managed by the portfolio manager may have adverse consequences for another account managed by the portfolio manager. For example, an account may sell a significant position in a security, which could cause the market price of that security to decrease, while a Portfolio maintained its position in that security.
A potential conflict may arise when the portfolio managers are responsible for accounts that have different advisory fees— the difference in fees could create an incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another, for example, in terms of access to investment opportunities. This conflict may be heightened if an account is subject to a performance-based fee, as applicable. Another potential conflict may arise when the portfolio manager has an investment in one or more accounts that participate in transactions with other accounts. His or her investment(s) may create an incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to address these potential material conflicts. For instance, portfolio managers are normally responsible for all
29

accounts within a certain investment discipline and do not, absent special circumstances, differentiate among the various accounts when allocating resources. Additionally, the Adviser and its advisory affiliates have processes and procedures for allocating investment opportunities among portfolios that are designed to provide a fair and equitable allocation. With respect to conflicts arising from personal investments, all employees, including portfolio managers, must comply with personal trading controls established by each of the Adviser's and Trust's Code of Ethics.
SSGA's culture is complemented and reinforced by a total rewards strategy that is based on a pay for performance philosophy, which seeks to offer a competitive pay mix of base salary, benefits, cash incentives and deferred compensation.
Salary is based on a number of factors, including external benchmarking data and market trends, and performance both at the business and individual level. SSGA's Global Human Resources department regularly participates in compensation surveys in order to provide SSGA with market-based compensation information that helps support individual pay decisions.
Additionally, subject to State Street and SSGA business results, an incentive pool is allocated to SSGA to reward its employees. The size of the incentive pool for most business units is based on the firm's overall profitability and other factors, including performance against risk-related goals. For most SSGA investment teams, SSGA recognizes and rewards performance by linking annual incentive decisions for investment teams to the firm's or business unit's profitability and business unit investment performance over a multi-year period.
Incentive pool funding for most active investment teams is driven in part by the post-tax investment performance of fund(s) managed by the team versus the return levels of the benchmark index(es) of the fund(s) on a one-, three- and, in some cases, five-year basis. For most active investment teams, a material portion of incentive compensation for senior staff is deferred over a four-year period into the SSGA Long-Term Incentive (SSGA LTI) program. For these teams, The SSGA LTI program indexes the performance of these deferred awards against the post-tax investment performance of fund(s) managed by the team. This is intended to align our investment team's compensation with client interests, both through annual incentive compensation awards and through the long-term value of deferred awards in the SSGA LTI program.
For the index equity investment team, incentive pool funding is driven in part by the post-tax 1 and 3-year tracking error of the funds managed by the team against the benchmark indexes of the funds.
The discretionary allocation of the incentive pool to the business units within SSGA is influenced by market-based compensation data, as well as the overall performance of each business unit. Individual compensation decisions are made by the employee's manager, in conjunction with the senior management of the employee's business unit. These decisions are based on the overall performance of the employee and, as mentioned above, on the performance of the firm and business unit. Depending on the job level, a portion of the annual incentive may be awarded in deferred compensation, which may include cash and/or Deferred Stock Awards (State Street stock), which typically vest over a four-year period. This helps to retain staff and further aligns SSGA employees' interests with SSGA clients' and shareholders' long-term interests.
SSGA recognizes and rewards outstanding performance by:
Promoting employee ownership to connect employees directly to the company's success.
Using rewards to reinforce mission, vision, values and business strategy.
Seeking to recognize and preserve the firm's unique culture and team orientation.
Providing all employees the opportunity to share in the success of SSGA.
ITEM 21. BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
All portfolio transactions are placed on behalf of a Portfolio by the Adviser. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are affected through brokers who charge a commission for their services. Ordinarily commissions are not charged on over-the-counter orders (e.g., fixed income securities) because the Portfolio pays a spread which is included in the cost of the security and represents the difference between the dealer's quoted price at which it is willing to sell the security and the dealer's quoted price at which it is willing to buy the security. When a Portfolio executes an over-the-counter order with an electronic communications network or an alternative trading system, a commission is charged by such electronic communications networks and alternative trading systems as they execute such orders on an agency basis. Securities may be purchased from underwriters at prices that include underwriting fees.
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In placing a portfolio transaction, the Adviser seeks to achieve best execution. The Adviser's duty to seek best execution requires the Adviser to take reasonable steps to obtain for the client as favorable an overall result as possible for portfolio transactions under the circumstances, taking into account various factors that are relevant to the particular transaction.
The Adviser refers to and selects from the list of approved trading counterparties maintained by the Adviser's Credit Risk
Management team. In selecting a trading counterparty for a particular trade, the Adviser seeks to weigh relevant factors including, but not limited to the following:
Prompt and reliable execution;
The competitiveness of commission rates and spreads, if applicable;
The financial strength, stability and/or reputation of the trading counterparty;
The willingness and ability of the executing trading counterparty to execute transactions (and commit capital) of size in liquid and illiquid markets without disrupting the market for the security;
Local laws, regulations or restrictions;
The ability of the trading counterparty to maintain confidentiality;
The availability and capability of execution venues, including electronic communications networks for trading and execution management systems made available to Adviser;
Market share;
Liquidity;
Price;
Execution related costs;
History of execution of orders;
Likelihood of execution and settlement;
Order size and nature;
Clearance and settlement capabilities, especially in high volatility market environments;
Availability of lendable securities;
Sophistication of the trading counterparty's trading capabilities and infrastructure/facilities;
The operational efficiency with which transactions are processed and cleared, taking into account the order size and complexity;
Speed and responsiveness to the Adviser;
Access to secondary markets;
Counterparty exposure; and
Depending upon the circumstances, the Adviser may take other relevant factors into account if the Adviser believes that these are important in taking all sufficient steps to obtain the best possible result for execution of the order.
In selecting a trading counterparty, the price of the transaction and costs related to the execution of the transaction typically merit a high relative importance, depending on the circumstances. The Adviser does not necessarily select a trading counterparty based upon price and costs but may take other relevant factors into account if it believes that these are important in taking reasonable steps to obtain the best possible result for a Portfolio under the circumstances. Consequently, the Adviser may cause a client to pay a trading counterparty more than another trading counterparty might have charged for the same transaction in recognition of the value and quality of the brokerage services provided. The following matters may influence the relative importance that the Adviser places upon the relevant factors:
(i)
The nature and characteristics of the order or transaction. For example, size of order, market impact of order, limits, or other instructions relating to the order;
(ii)
The characteristics of the financial instrument(s) or other assets, which are the subject of that order. For example, whether the order pertains to an equity, fixed income, derivative or convertible instrument;
(iii)
The characteristics of the execution venues to which that order can be directed, if relevant. For example, availability and capabilities of electronic trading systems;
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(iv)
Whether the transaction is a ‘delivery versus payment' or ‘over-the-counter' transaction. The creditworthiness of the trading counterparty, the amount of existing exposure to a trading counterparty and trading counterparty settlement capabilities may be given a higher relative importance in the case of ‘over-the-counter' transactions; and/or
(v)
Any other circumstances that the Adviser believes are relevant at the time.
The process by which trading counterparties are selected to effect transactions is designed to exclude consideration of the sales efforts conducted by broker-dealers in relation to the Portfolio.
The Adviser does not currently use the Portfolio's assets in connection with third-party soft dollar arrangements. While the Adviser does not currently use soft or commission dollars paid by the Portfolio for the purchase of third-party research, the Adviser reserves the right to do so in the future.
ITEM 22. CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES
Under its Master Trust Agreement, the Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with a par value of $0.001 per share, which may be divided into one or more series, each of which evidences pro rata ownership interest in a different investment portfolio. The Trustees may create additional portfolio series at any time without shareholder approval. The shares of the Portfolio may have such rights and preferences as the Trustees may establish from time to time, including the right of redemption (including the price, manner and terms of redemption), special and relative rights as to dividends and distributions, liquidation rights, sinking or purchase fund provisions, conversion rights and conditions under which the Portfolio may have separate voting rights or no voting rights.
This Part B covers Portfolio I, which commenced operations on July 11, 2016. The Trust is authorized, without shareholder approval, to divide shares of any series into two or more classes of shares, each class having such different dividend, liquidation, voting and other rights as the Trustees may determine without shareholder approval.
Any amendment to the Master Trust Agreement that would materially and adversely affect shareholders of the Trust as a whole, or shareholders of a particular portfolio series, must be approved by the holders of a majority of the shares of the Trust or the portfolio series, respectively. All other amendments may be effected by the Board.
The Master Trust Agreement provides that shareholders shall not be subject to any personal liability for the acts or obligations of the Portfolio and that every written agreement, obligation, or other undertaking of the Portfolio shall contain a provision to the effect that the shareholders are not personally liable thereunder. If any present or past shareholder of the Portfolio is charged or held personally liable for any obligation or liability of the Trust solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder and not because of such shareholder's acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Portfolio series, upon request, shall assume the defense against such charge and satisfy any judgment thereon, and the shareholder or former shareholder shall be entitled out of the assets of the Portfolio to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. Thus, the risk to shareholders of incurring financial loss beyond their investments is limited to circumstances in which the Portfolio itself would be unable to meet its obligations.
The Trust will not have an Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Special Meetings may be convened (i) by the Board (ii) upon written request to the Board by the holders of at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust, or (iii) upon the Board's failure to honor the shareholders' request as described above, by holders of at least 10% of the outstanding shares giving notice of the special meeting to the shareholders.
ITEM 23. PURCHASE, REDEMPTION, AND PRICING OF SHARES
MANNER IN WHICH SHARES ARE OFFERED
Shares for the Portfolio are sold in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offering within the meaning of Section (4)(a)(2) under the 1933 Act. Shares of the Portfolio are available to be purchased only by authorized clients of the Securities Lending Program that are advised by Diamond Hill Investment Partners LP or its affiliates.
Shares of the Portfolio are sold directly by the Trust without a distributor and are not subject to a sales load or redemption fee. Additionally, assets of the Portfolio are not subject to fees permitted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
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VALUATION OF FUND SHARES
Pricing of shares of the Portfolio does not occur on New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) holidays. The NYSE is open for trading every weekday except for: (a) the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Birthday, Washington's Birthday (the third Monday in February), Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day; and (b) the preceding Friday or the subsequent Monday when one of the calendar-determined holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Purchases and withdrawals will be effected at the time of determination of NAV next following the receipt of any purchase or withdrawal order, which is determined to be in good order. The Portfolio's securities will be valued pursuant to guidelines established by the Board of Trustees.
The Portfolio determines its NAV per share once each business day as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE. In unusual circumstances, such as an emergency or an unscheduled close or halt of trading on the NYSE, the time at which share prices are determined may be changed. The NAV per share of the Portfolio is based on the market value of the investments held in the Portfolio. The Portfolio values each security or other investment pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board. The Board has appointed the Adviser as the valuation designee to fair value securities or other investments pursuant to procedures approved by the Board, under certain limited circumstances. For example, fair value pricing may be used when market quotations are not readily available or reliable, such as when (i) trading for a security is restricted; or (ii) a significant event, as determined by the Adviser, that may affect the value of one or more securities or other investments held by the Portfolio occurs after the close of a related exchange but before the determination of the Portfolio's NAV. Attempts to determine the fair value of securities or other investments introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities or other investments. As a result, the price of a security or other investment determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the price a Portfolio would have received had it sold the investment. To the extent that the Portfolio invests in the shares of other registered open-end investment companies that are not traded on an exchange (mutual funds), such shares are valued at their published NAV per share as reported by the funds. The prospectuses of these funds explain the circumstances under which the funds will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
In accordance with certain federal regulations, the Trust is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each entity that applies to open an account, including, in certain cases, information concerning such entity's beneficial owners. For this reason, when you open (or change ownership of) an account, the Trust will request certain information, including your name, address and taxpayer identification number, which will be used to verify your identity. If you are unable to provide sufficient information to verify your identity, the Trust will not open an account for you. As required by law, the Trust may employ various procedures, such as comparing your information to fraud databases or requesting additional information and documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct. The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase for any reason, including failure to provide the Trust with information necessary to confirm your identity as required by law.
ITEM 24. TAXATION
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
The following discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Portfolio is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this Part B. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Portfolio. There may be other tax considerations applicable to particular shareholders.
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding their particular situation and the possible application of foreign, state and local tax laws.
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans or tax-advantaged arrangements. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of the Portfolio as an investment through such plans and arrangements and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situations.
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Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company
The Portfolio has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M of the Code and intends each year to qualify and be eligible to be treated as such. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, the Portfolio must, among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Portfolio's taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets and no more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) no more than 25% of its assets are invested, including through corporations in which the Portfolio owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers, which the Portfolio controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades and businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and (c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid — generally taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and net tax-exempt income, for such year.
In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership, which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in section (a)(i) of the preceding paragraph), will be treated as qualifying income. In general, qualified publicly traded partnerships will be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, because they meet the passive income requirement under Code Section 7704(c)(2). Further, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
For purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Portfolio's ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.
If the Portfolio qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Portfolio will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income or gains distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). If the Portfolio were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution test described above, the Portfolio could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Portfolio-level tax, paying interest or disposing of certain assets. If the Portfolio were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or if the Portfolio were otherwise to fail to qualify as a RIC accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, the Portfolio would be subject to tax at the Portfolio level on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income (if any) and net capital gains (as defined below), would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders and may be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals, provided, in both cases, the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Portfolio's shares (as described below). In addition, the Portfolio could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.
The Portfolio intends to distribute at least annually to its shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and its net tax-exempt income (if any), and may distribute its net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards). Any taxable income retained by the Portfolio will be subject to
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tax at the Portfolio level at regular corporate rates. If the Portfolio retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but it is permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gain in a timely notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Portfolio on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly-filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If the Portfolio makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Portfolio will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder's gross income under clause (a) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (b) of the preceding sentence. The Portfolio is not required to, and there can be no assurance the Portfolio will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.
In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income, and its earnings and profits, a RIC generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to any such portion of the taxable year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss, if any, from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss, if any, attributable to the portion of the taxable year, if any, after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.
If the Portfolio were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 of such year (or for the one-year period ending November 30 or December 31, if the Portfolio is eligible to elect and so elects), plus any such amounts retained from the prior year, the Portfolio would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For purposes of the required excise tax distribution, a RIC's ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would otherwise be taken into account after October 31 of a calendar year (or November 30 of that year, if the RIC makes the election described above) generally are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year; in the case of a RIC with a December 31 year end that makes the election described above, no such gains or losses will be so treated. Also, for these purposes, the Portfolio will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to corporate income tax for the taxable year ending within the calendar year. The Portfolio intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax although there can be no assurance it will do so. Distributions declared by the Portfolio during October, November and December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Portfolio during the following January will be treated for federal tax purposes as paid by the Portfolio and received by shareholders on December 31 of the year in which declared. In addition, if the Portfolio were to qualify as a personal holding company, it might have to comply with additional requirements with respect to its distributions to shareholders in order to avoid the fund-level tax under the personal holding company rules of the Code.
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (net capital losses) are not permitted to be deducted against the Portfolio's net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Portfolio may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent taxable years. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Portfolio retains or distributes such gains. The Portfolio may carry net capital losses forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration; any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term. The Portfolio must apply such carryforwards first against gains of the same character.
Taxation of Distributions Received by Shareholders
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Portfolio owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Portfolio shares. In general, the Portfolio will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on the disposition of assets the Portfolio has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on the disposition of investments the Portfolio has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Distributions of net capital gain properly reported by the Portfolio as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) generally will be taxable to a shareholder receiving such distributions as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates relative
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to ordinary income. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. The IRS and the Department of the Treasury have issued regulations that impose special rules in respect of Capital Gain Dividends received through partnership interests constituting applicable partnership interests under Section 1061 of the Code. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of investment income properly reported by the Portfolio as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to net capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Portfolio level. The Portfolio does not expect to realize any significant long-term capital gains or losses or qualified dividend income.
The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, net investment income generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the Portfolio of net investment income and capital gains, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption, exchange or other taxable disposition of Portfolio shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Portfolio.
Shareholders of the Portfolio will be subject to U.S. federal income taxes as described herein on distributions made by the Portfolio whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Portfolio.
If the Portfolio makes a distribution to a shareholder in excess of the Portfolio's current and accumulated earnings and profits in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of such shareholder's tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder's tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.
Distributions with respect to the Portfolio's shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Portfolio's realized income and gains, even though such distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder's investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Portfolio's NAV includes either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid. Such distributions may reduce the fair market value of the Portfolio's shares below the shareholder's cost basis in those shares. As described above, the Portfolio is required to distribute realized income and gains regardless of whether the Portfolio's NAV also reflects unrealized losses.
In order for some portion of the dividends received by the Portfolio shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Portfolio must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend-paying stocks held by the Portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Portfolio's shares. In general, a dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Portfolio or shareholder level) (a) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (b) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (c) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (d) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (i) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (ii) treated as a passive foreign investment company.
In general, distributions of investment income properly reported by the Portfolio as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to the Portfolio's shares. If the aggregate qualified dividends received by the Portfolio during any taxable year are 95% or more of the Portfolio's gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), then 100% of the Portfolio's dividends (other than dividends properly reported as Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. Since the Portfolio primarily holds investments that do not pay dividends, it is not expected that a substantial portion (if any) of the dividends paid by the Portfolio will qualify for the favorable income tax rates available to individuals on qualified dividend income.
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In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of the Portfolio will qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the Portfolio from domestic corporations for the taxable year. A dividend will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (a) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Portfolio has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (b) to the extent that the Portfolio is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends-received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (x) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Portfolio or (y) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). Since the Portfolio primarily holds investments that do not pay dividends, it is not expected that a substantial portion (if any) of the dividends paid by the Portfolio will qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations.
Any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Portfolio in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Portfolio on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Portfolio, will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
As required by federal law, detailed federal tax information with respect to each calendar year will be furnished to each shareholder early in the succeeding year.
Redemptions and Exchanges
Redemptions and exchanges of the Portfolio's shares are taxable events. Gain, if any, resulting from the redemption of Portfolio shares generally will also be taxable to you as either short-term or long-term capital gain, depending upon how long you held such Portfolio shares, except that, as and where the Portfolio is not a publicly offered RIC (as described below), in certain circumstances it is possible that the proceeds of a redemption of Portfolio shares may be taxable as dividend income or a return of capital.
A RIC is considered publicly offered if its shares are continuously offered pursuant to a public offering, its shares are regularly traded on an established securities exchange, or it has at least 500 shareholders at all times during a taxable year. Because shares of the Portfolio are not so registered or traded, and the Portfolio is not expected to have at least 500 shareholders at all times during the taxable year, a portion or all the proceeds of redemptions of Portfolio shares may be treated as dividends. If a shareholder redeems fewer than all of its shares, such shareholder may be treated as having received a distribution under Section 301 of the Code (a Section 301 distribution) unless the redemption is treated as being either (i) substantially disproportionate with respect to such shareholder by satisfying certain numerical tests relating to the reduction in the redeeming shareholder's percentage interest, and percentage voting interest, in the Portfolio, or (ii) otherwise not essentially equivalent to a dividend under the relevant rules of the Code. For any period during which the Portfolio has a single shareholder, all redemption distributions will be treated as Section 301 distributions. A Section 301 distribution is not treated as a sale or exchange giving rise to a capital gain or loss, but rather is treated as a dividend to the extent supported by the Portfolio's current and accumulated earnings and profits, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the shareholder's tax basis in the Portfolio shares, and thereafter as capital gain.
In addition, as and where the Portfolio is not considered so publicly offered, certain shareholders will be deemed to receive distributions equal to their allocable shares of certain expenses paid by the Portfolio. Very generally, expenses that are deemed distributed by the Portfolio include those paid or incurred during a calendar year that are deductible in determining the Portfolio's investment company taxable income for a taxable year beginning or ending within that calendar year, including, in particular, its advisory fee, but excluding those expenses incurred by virtue of the Portfolio's organization as a registered investment company (such as its registration fees, trustees' fees, expenses of periodic trustees' and shareholders' meetings, transfer agent fees, certain legal and accounting fees, the expenses of shareholder communications required by law, and certain other expenses). Shareholders of the Portfolio that will be deemed to have received distributions of such expenses include (i) individuals taxable in the U.S. or persons calculating their taxable income in the same way as do such individuals and (ii) pass-through entities having such an individual or person or another pass-through entity as an interest holder or beneficiary. Such deemed distributions of expenses are not deductible
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under current law by those direct or indirect shareholders who are individuals (or entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as an individual). The deemed distributions of expenses could as a result increase a shareholder's net taxes owed, lowering the Portfolio's effective yield with respect to such a shareholder.
Further, all or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Portfolio shares will generally be disallowed under the Code's wash sale rule if other substantially identical shares are purchased, including by means of dividend reinvestment, within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
The Code's wash sale rule may also apply to certain redemptions and exchanges by non-U.S. shareholders. See Non-U.S. Shareholders below.
Tax Implications of Certain Portfolio Investments
Special Rules for Debt Obligations. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, OID is treated as interest income and is included in the Portfolio's income and required to be distributed by the Portfolio over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income, which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Portfolio holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year. An investor that receives an in-kind distribution of property from a Portfolio may be required to recognize taxable gain or loss upon a subsequent taxable disposition of that property.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired in the secondary market by the Portfolio may be treated as having market discount. Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its revised issue price) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt obligation. Alternatively, the Portfolio may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Portfolio will be required to include the accrued market discount in income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. If the Fund makes the election referred to in the preceding sentence, then the rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Portfolio's income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Portfolio elects.
If the Portfolio holds the foregoing kinds of obligations or other obligations subject to special rules under the Code, the Portfolio, may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Portfolio actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Portfolio or, if necessary, by disposition of portfolio securities, including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. These dispositions may cause the Portfolio to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates) and, in the event the Portfolio realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger Capital Gain Dividend than they would have if the Portfolio had not held such obligations.
A portion of the OID accrued on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the issuer and will instead be treated as a dividend paid by the issuer for purposes of the dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Portfolio may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID.
Securities Purchased at a Premium. Very generally, where the Portfolio purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity – that is, at a premium — the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the Portfolio makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Portfolio reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds acquired on or after January 4, 2013, the Portfolio is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period.
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At-risk or Defaulted Debt Obligations. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Portfolio. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Portfolio may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount; whether, when or to what extent the Portfolio should recognize market discount on such debt obligations when and to what extent the Portfolio may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities; and how the Portfolio should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Portfolio when, as and if it invests in such obligations, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Certain Investments in REITs. Any investment by the Portfolio in equity securities of real estate investment trusts qualifying as such under Subchapter M of the Code (REITs) may result in the Portfolio's receipt of cash in excess of the REIT's earnings; if the Portfolio distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Portfolio shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by the Portfolio from a REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.
Distributions by the Portfolio to its shareholders that the Portfolio properly reports as section 199A dividends, as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, are treated as qualified REIT dividends in the hands of non-corporate shareholders. Non-corporate shareholders are permitted a federal income tax deduction equal to 20% of qualified REIT dividends received by them, subject to certain limitations. Very generally, a section 199A dividend is any dividend or portion thereof that is attributable to certain dividends received by a RIC from REITs, to the extent such dividends are properly reported as such by the RIC in a written notice to its shareholders. A section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. The Portfolio is permitted to report such part of its dividends as section 199A dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so.
Certain Investments in Mortgage Pooling Vehicles. Special rules may apply if the Portfolio invests, directly or indirectly, in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) (including by investing in residual interests in CMOs with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Portfolio's income (including income allocated to the Portfolio from certain pass-through entities) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a RIC, such as the Portfolio, will be allocated to shareholders of the RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, a RIC investing in such securities may not be a suitable investment for charitable remainder trusts (CRTs), as noted below.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and that otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.
Foreign Currency Transactions. Any transaction by the Portfolio in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations or certain foreign currency options, futures contracts or forward contracts (or similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Any such net gains could require a larger dividend toward the end of the calendar year. Any such net losses will generally reduce and potentially require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate the Portfolio's distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Portfolio to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.
Options and Futures. In general, option premiums received by the Portfolio are not immediately included in the income of the Portfolio. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Portfolio transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by
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the Portfolio is exercised and the Portfolio sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Portfolio generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Portfolio minus (b) the Portfolio's basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by the Portfolio pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Portfolio generally will subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the securities purchased. Gain or loss arising in respect of a termination of the Portfolio's obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Portfolio is greater or less than the amount paid by the Portfolio (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Portfolio expires unexercised, the Portfolio generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.
The Portfolio's options activities may include transactions constituting straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that is, that trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Such straddles include, for example, positions in a particular security, or an index of securities, and one or more options that offset the former position, including options that are covered by the Portfolio's long position in the subject security. Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to substantially similar or related property, to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not deep in the money may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are in the money although not deep in the money will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.
The tax treatment of certain positions entered into by the Portfolio, including regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency positions and certain listed non-equity options, will be governed by section 1256 of the Code (section 1256 contracts). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (60/40), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Portfolio at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are marked to market with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.
Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions. In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, the Portfolio's transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements), as well as any of its hedging, short sale, securities loan or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Portfolio are treated as ordinary or capital, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Portfolio, defer losses to the Portfolio, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Portfolio's securities, thereby affecting, among other things, whether capital gains and losses are treated as short-term or long-term. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders.
Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Portfolio has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a Portfolio-level tax.
Commodity-Linked Instruments. The Portfolio's direct or indirect investments in commodities and commodity-linked instruments can be limited by the Portfolio's intention to qualify as a RIC, and can bear on the Portfolio's ability to so qualify. Income and gains from commodities and certain commodity-linked instruments do not constitute qualifying income to a RIC for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. The tax treatment of some other commodity-linked instruments in which the Portfolio might invest is not certain, in particular, with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. If the Portfolio were to treat income or gain from a particular
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instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Portfolio's nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Portfolio would fail to qualify as a RIC unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Portfolio level.
Book-Tax Differences. Certain of the Portfolio's investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and any of the Portfolio's transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If such a difference arises, and the Portfolio's book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income, the Portfolio could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment and to avoid an entity-level tax. In the alternative, if the Portfolio's book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income (including realized capital gains) and net tax-exempt income, the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Portfolio's remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient's basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.
Foreign Taxation
The Portfolio's income, proceeds and gains from sources within foreign countries may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes, which will reduce the yield on those investments. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If, at the close of the Portfolio's taxable year, more than 50% of the assets of the Portfolio consists of the securities of foreign corporations, the Portfolio may elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction (but not both) on their income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by the Portfolio to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities that the Portfolio has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes paid by the Portfolio.
A shareholder's ability to claim an offsetting foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio is subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholder's not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize on their U.S. federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such foreign taxes. Even if the Portfolio is eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so. If the Portfolio does not qualify for or does not make such election, shareholders will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio; in that case the foreign tax will nonetheless reduce the Portfolio's taxable income. Shareholders that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and those who invest in the Portfolio through tax-advantaged accounts (including those who invest through individual retirement accounts or other tax-advantaged retirement plans), generally will receive no benefit from any tax credit or deduction passed through by the Portfolio, if any. Under certain circumstances, if the Portfolio receives a refund of foreign taxes paid in respect of a prior year, the value of Portfolio Shares could be affected or any foreign tax credits or deductions passed through to shareholders in respect of the Portfolio's foreign taxes for the current year could be reduced.
Backup Withholding
The Portfolio generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Portfolio with a correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Portfolio that he or she is not subject to such withholding.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Income of a RIC that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity generally will not constitute UBTI when distributed to a tax-exempt shareholder of the RIC. Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Portfolio if shares in the Portfolio constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b).
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A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if the Portfolio recognizes excess inclusion income derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs if the amount of such income recognized by the Portfolio exceeds the Portfolio's investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Portfolio).
In addition, special tax consequences apply to CRTs that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI.
Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of investing in a RIC that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a RIC that recognizes excess inclusion income, then the RIC will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Portfolio may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder's distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder's interest in the Portfolio. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Portfolio.
Tax Shelter Reporting
Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or a greater loss over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Non-U.S. Shareholders
Non-U.S. shareholders in the Portfolio should consult their tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of ownership of shares in the Portfolio. Distributions by the Portfolio to shareholders that are not U.S. persons within the meaning of the Code (foreign shareholders) properly reported by the Portfolio as (1) Capital Gain Dividends, (2) short-term capital gain dividends, and (3) interest-related dividends, each as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, generally are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax.
In general, the Code defines (1) short-term capital gain dividends as distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses and (2) interest-related dividends as distributions from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, in each case to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Portfolio in a written notice to shareholders. The exceptions to withholding for Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain dividends do not apply to (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions attributable to gain that is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States under special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests (USRPIs) as described below. The exception to withholding for interest-related dividends does not apply to distributions to a foreign shareholder (i) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (ii) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (iii) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (iv) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation. If the Portfolio invests in a RIC that pays such distributions to the Portfolio, such distributions retain their character as not subject to withholding if properly reported when paid by the Portfolio to foreign shareholders.
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The Portfolio is permitted to report such parts of its dividends as are eligible to be treated as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, but is not required to do so. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Portfolio reports all or a portion of a payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders.
Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of withholding rules to their accounts.
Distributions by the Portfolio to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends (e.g., dividends attributable to dividend and foreign-source interest income or to short-term capital gains or U.S. source interest income to which the exception from withholding described above does not apply) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).
A foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Portfolio unless (a) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such holder within the United States, (b) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met, or (c) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the foreign shareholder's sale of shares of the Portfolio (as described below).
Foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from the Portfolio is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the foreign person within the United States will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Portfolio at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares of the Portfolio and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.
Special rules would apply if the Portfolio were a qualified investment entity (QIE) because it is either a U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition thereof. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation's USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other trade or business assets. USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A fund that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in REITs may be a USRPHC. Interests in domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and RICs that are QIEs, not-greater-than-10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in RICs generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether the Portfolio is a QIE. If an interest in the Portfolio were a USRPI, the Portfolio would be required to withhold U.S. tax on the proceeds of a share redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, in which case such foreign shareholder generally would also be required to file U.S. tax returns and pay any additional taxes due in connection with the redemption.
If the Portfolio were a QIE under a special look-through rule, any distributions by the Portfolio to a foreign shareholder attributable directly or indirectly to (i) distributions received by the Portfolio from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Portfolio is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands and (ii) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Portfolio, would retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Portfolio's foreign shareholders and would be subject to U.S. tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the foreign shareholder's current and past ownership of the Portfolio. The Portfolio generally does not expect that it will be a QIE.
Foreign shareholders of the Portfolio also may be subject to wash sale rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and –payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Portfolio shares.
Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Portfolio.
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In order for a foreign shareholder to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or from lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from back-up withholding, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E or substitute form). Non-U.S. investors in the Portfolio should consult their tax advisers in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Portfolio shares through foreign partnerships. Additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Portfolio shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisers about their particular situation.
A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax on income referred to above.
Shareholder Reporting Obligations With Respect To Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Portfolio by vote or value could be required to report annually their financial interest in the Portfolio's foreign financial accounts, if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor, and persons investing in the Portfolio through an intermediary should contact their intermediary, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, FATCA) generally require the Portfolio to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an IGA) between the United States and a foreign government. If a shareholder fails to provide the requested information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Portfolio may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends it pays. The IRS and the Department of Treasury have issued proposed regulations providing that these withholding rules will not apply to the gross proceeds of share redemptions or Capital Gain Dividends the Portfolio pays. If a payment by the Portfolio is subject to FATCA withholding, the Portfolio is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends).
Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor's own situation, including investments through an intermediary.
Cost Basis Reporting
U.S. Treasury regulations mandate cost basis reporting to shareholders and the IRS for redemptions of Portfolio shares. With respect to shares acquired and held directly through the Portfolio and not through a financial intermediary, the Portfolio will use a default average cost basis methodology for tracking and reporting cost basis on Portfolio shares, unless another cost basis reporting methodology is requested in writing.
General Considerations
The U.S. federal income tax discussion set forth above is for general information only. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisers regarding the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences of purchasing, holding, and disposing of shares of the Portfolio, as well as the effects of state, local, foreign, and other tax laws and any proposed tax law changes.
ITEM 25. UNDERWRITERS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 26. CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE DATA
Not applicable.
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ITEM 27. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for the Portfolio, including E&Y's report for the Portfolio thereon, are included in the Trust's Annual Report to Shareholders, which was filed with the SEC on March 8, 2023 (SEC Accession No. 0001193125-23-064238), and are incorporated into this Part B by reference.
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APPENDIX A
RATINGS OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (MOODY'S)
GLOBAL LONG-TERM RATING SCALE
Ratings assigned on Moody's global long-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a (hyb) indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*
*
By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.
GLOBAL SHORT-TERM RATING SCALE
Ratings assigned on Moody's global short-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
P-1: Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-2: Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-3: Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
A-1

S&P GLOBAL RATINGS (S&P)
ISSUE CREDIT RATING DEFINITIONS
An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings' view of the obligor's capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
LONG-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS*
AAA: An obligation rated ‘AAA' has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: An obligation rated ‘AA' differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A: An obligation rated ‘A' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBB' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB; B; CCC; CC; and C: Obligations rated ‘BB', ‘B', ‘CCC', ‘CC', and ‘C' are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB' indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C' the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated ‘BB' is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated ‘B' is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB', but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated ‘CC' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC' rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C: An obligation rated ‘C' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D: An obligation rated ‘D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
NR: This indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.
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Ratings from 'AA' to 'CCC' may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
SHORT-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS
A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1' is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B' is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D: A short-term obligation rated ‘D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
FITCH RATINGS. (FITCH)
ISSUER DEFAULT RATINGS
Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns, insurance companies and certain sectors within public finance, are generally assigned Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs). IDRs are also assigned to certain entities in global infrastructure and project finance. IDRs opine on an entity's relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The threshold default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts.
In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agency's view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default.
AAA: Highest credit quality.
‘AAA' ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very high credit quality.
‘AA' ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High credit quality.
‘A' ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
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BBB: Good credit quality.
‘BBB' ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative.
‘BB' ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly speculative.
‘B' ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial credit risk.
Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very high levels of credit risk.
Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Near default
A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C' category rating for an issuer include:
a.
the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;
b.
the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation;
c.
the formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange;
d.
a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent.
RD: Restricted default.
‘RD' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has experienced:
a.
an uncured payment default or distressed debt exchange on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but
b.
has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and
c.
has not otherwise ceased operating.
This would include:
i.
the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;
ii.
the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;
iii.
the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D: Default.
‘D' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.
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Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
SHORT-TERM RATINGS ASSIGNED TO ISSUERS AND OBLIGATIONS
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as short term based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
Note: The modifiers + or - may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. For example, the rating category ‘AA' has three notch-specific rating levels (‘AA+'; ‘AA'; ‘AA-'; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to ‘AAA' ratings and ratings below the 'CCC' category. For the short-term rating category of ‘F1', a ‘+' may be appended. For Viability Ratings, the modifiers + or may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within categories from AA' to ‘CCC'. For derivative counterparty ratings the modifiers + or may be appended to the ratings withinAA(dcr)' to ‘CCC(dcr)' categories.
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APPENDIX B—TRUST'S PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES
SSGA FUNDS
STATE STREET MASTER FUNDS
STATE STREET INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT TRUST
ELFUN GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND
ELFUN TAX-EXEMPT INCOME FUND
ELFUN INCOME FUND
ELFUN DIVERSIFIED FUND
ELFUN INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND
ELFUN TRUSTS
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
STATE STREET INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
STATE STREET VARIABLE INSURANCE SERIES FUNDS, INC. (THE COMPANY)1
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
As of September 20, 2017
The Board of Trustees/Directors of the Trust/Company (each series thereof, a Fund) have adopted the following policy and procedures with respect to voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Trust/Company's investment portfolios.
1. Proxy Voting Policy
The policy of the Trust/Company is to delegate the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Trust/Company to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., the Trust/Company's investment adviser (the Adviser), subject to the Trustees/Directors' continuing oversight.
2. Fiduciary Duty
The right to vote proxies with respect to a portfolio security held by the Trust/Company is an asset of the Trust/Company. The Adviser acts as a fiduciary of the Trust/Company and must vote proxies in a manner consistent with the best interest of the Trust/Company and its shareholders.
3. Proxy Voting Procedures
A. At least annually, the Adviser shall present to the Boards of Trustees/Directors its policies, procedures and other guidelines for voting proxies (Policy) and the policy of any Sub-adviser (as defined below) to which proxy voting authority has been delegated (see Section 9 below). In addition, the Adviser shall notify the Trustees/Directors of material changes to its Policy or the policy of any Sub-adviser promptly and not later than the next regular meeting of the Board of Trustees/Directors after such amendment is implemented.
B. At least annually, the Adviser shall present to the Boards of Trustees/Directors its policy for managing conflicts of interests that may arise through the Adviser's proxy voting activities. In addition, the Adviser shall report any Policy overrides involving portfolio securities held by a Fund to the Trustees/Directors at the next regular meeting of the Board of Trustees/Directors after such override(s) occur.
C. At least annually, the Adviser shall inform the Trustees/Director that a record is available with respect to each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Trust/Company during the year. Also see Section 5 below.
4. Revocation of Authority to Vote
The delegation by the Trustees/Directors of the authority to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Trust/Company may be revoked by the Trustees/Directors, in whole or in part, at any time.
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1
Unless otherwise noted, the singular term Trust/Company used throughout this document means each of SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Tax-Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund, Elfun Trusts, State Street Institutional Funds, and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
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5. Annual Filing of Proxy Voting Record
The Adviser shall provide the required data for each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Trust/Company to the Trust/Company or its designated service provider in a timely manner and in a format acceptable to be filed in the Trust/Company's annual proxy voting report on Form N-PX for the twelve-month period ended June 30. Form N-PX is required to be filed not later than August 31 of each year.
6. Retention and Oversight of Proxy Advisory Firms
A. In considering whether to retain or continue retaining a particular proxy advisory firm, the Adviser will ascertain whether the proxy advisory firm has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues, act as proxy voting agent as requested, and implement the Policy. In this regard, the Adviser will consider, at least annually, among other things, the adequacy and quality of the proxy advisory firm's staffing and personnel and the robustness of its policies and procedures regarding its ability to identify and address any conflicts of interest. The Adviser shall, at least annually, report to Boards of Trustees/Directors regarding the results of this review.
B. The Adviser will request quarterly and annual reporting from any proxy advisory firm retained by the Adviser, and hold ad hoc meetings with such proxy advisory firm, in order to determine whether there has been any business changes that might impact the proxy advisory firm's capacity or competency to provide proxy voting advice or services or changes to the proxy advisory firm's conflicts policies or procedures. The Adviser will also take reasonable steps to investigate any material factual error, notified to the Adviser by the proxy advisory firm or identified by the Adviser, made by the proxy advisory firm in providing proxy voting services.
7. Periodic Sampling
The Adviser will periodically sample proxy votes to review whether they complied with the Policy. The Adviser shall, at least annually, report to the Boards of Trustees/Directors regarding the frequency and results of the sampling performed.
8. Disclosures
A.
The Trust/Company shall include in its registration statement:
1. A description of this policy and of the policies and procedures used by the Adviser to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities; and
1. A statement disclosing that information regarding how the Trust/Company voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust/Company's toll-free telephone number; or through a specified Internet address; or both; and on the Securities and Exchange Commission's (the SEC) website.
B.
The Trust/Company shall include in its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders:
1. A statement disclosing that a description of the policies and procedures used by or on behalf of the Trust/Company to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Funds is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust/Company's toll-free telephone number; through a specified Internet address, if applicable; and on the SEC's website; and
2. A statement disclosing that information regarding how the Trust/Company voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust/Company's toll-free telephone number; or through a specified Internet address; or both; and on the SEC's website.
9. Sub-Advisers
For certain Funds, the Adviser may retain investment management firms (Sub-advisers) to provide day-to-day investment management services to the Funds pursuant to sub-advisory agreements. It is the policy of the Trust/Company that the Adviser may delegate proxy voting authority with respect to a Fund to a Sub-adviser. Pursuant to such delegation, a Sub-adviser is authorized to vote proxies on behalf of the applicable Fund or Funds for which it serves as sub-adviser, in accordance with the Sub-adviser's proxy voting policies and procedures.
10. Review of Policy
The Trustees/Directors shall review this policy to determine its continued sufficiency as necessary from time to time.
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APPENDIX C - ADVISER’S PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES

 

 

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March 2023

Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles

State Street Global Advisors, one of the industry’s largest institutional asset managers, is the investment management arm of State Street Corporation, a leading provider of financial services to institutional investors. As an investment manager, State Street Global Advisors has discretionary proxy voting authority over most of its client accounts, and State Street Global Advisors votes these proxies in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments, as described in this document.i

 

 

 

  i

These Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles (the “Principles”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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State Street Global Advisors’ Authority and Duties to Vote Client and Fund Securities     Where State Street Global Advisors’ clients have asked it to vote their shares on their behalf or where a commingled fund fiduciary has delegated the responsibility to vote the fund’s securities to State Street Global Advisors, State Street Global Advisors votes those client and fund-owned securities in a unified manner, consistent with the Principles described in this document. Exceptions to this unified voting policy are: (1) where State Street Global Advisors has made proxy voting choices (i.e., the proxy voting program) available to investors within a commingled fund, in which case a pro rata portion of shares held by the fund attributable to investors who choose to participate in the proxy voting program would be voted consistent with the third-party proxy voting policies selected by the investors, and (2) in the limited circumstances where a pooled investment vehicle managed by State Street Global Advisors utilizes a third party proxy voting guideline as set forth in that fund’s organizational and/or offering documents. With respect to such funds utilizing third-party proxy voting guidelines, the terms of the applicable third-party proxy voting guidelines shall apply in place of the Principles described herein and the proxy votes implemented with respect to such a fund may differ from and be contrary to those votes implemented for other portfolios managed by State Street Global Advisors pursuant to its proprietary proxy voting guidelines.
   
The Principles-State Street Global Advisors’ Approach to Proxy Voting and Issuer Engagement     At State Street Global Advisors, we take our fiduciary duties as an asset manager very seriously. We have a dedicated team of corporate governance professionals who help us carry out our duties as a responsible investor. These duties include engaging with companies, developing and enhancing in-house corporate governance guidelines, analyzing corporate governance issues on a case-by-case basis at the company level, and exercising voting rights. The underlying goal is to maximize shareholder value.
    The Principles may take different perspectives on common governance issues that vary from one market to another. Similarly, engagement activity may take different forms in order to best achieve long-term engagement goals. Rather than divesting from portfolio companies, our approach is to engage with such companies. We believe that proxy voting and engagement with portfolio companies is often the most direct and productive way for shareholders to exercise their ownership rights. This comprehensive toolkit is an integral part of the overall investment process.
    We believe engagement and voting activity have a direct relationship. As a result, the integration of our engagement activities, while leveraging the exercise of voting rights, provides a meaningful shareholder tool that we believe protects and enhances the long- term economic value of the holdings in our clients’ accounts. We maximize voting power and engagement by maintaining a centralized proxy voting and active ownership process covering all holdings, regardless of strategy. Despite the vast array of investment strategies and objectives across State Street Global Advisors, the fiduciary responsibilities of share ownership and voting for which State Street Global Advisors has voting discretion are carried out with a single voice and objective.

 

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    The Principles support governance structures that we believe add to, or maximize, shareholder value for the companies held in our clients’ portfolios. We conduct issuer-specific engagements with companies to discuss our principles, including sustainability-related risks and opportunities. In addition, we encourage issuers to find ways to increase the amount of direct communication board members have with shareholders. Direct communication with executive board members and independent non-executive directors is critical to helping companies understand shareholder concerns.
    In conducting our engagements, we also evaluate the various factors that influence the corporate governance framework of a country, including the macroeconomic conditions and broader political system, the quality of regulatory oversight, the enforcement of property and shareholder rights, and the independence of the judiciary. We understand that regulatory requirements and investor expectations relating to governance practices and engagement activities differ from country to country. As a result, we engage with issuers, regulators, or a combination of the two depending upon the market. We are also a member of various investor associations that seek to address broader corporate governance-related policy at the country level.
    The State Street Global Advisors Asset Stewardship Team may consult with members of various investment teams to engage with companies on corporate governance issues and to address any specific concerns. This facilitates our comprehensive approach to information gathering as it relates to items that are to be voted upon at upcoming shareholder meetings. We also conduct issuer-specific engagements with companies, covering various corporate governance and sustainability-related topics outside of proxy season.
    The Asset Stewardship Team employs a blend of quantitative and qualitative research, analysis and data in order to support screens that identify issuers where active engagement may be necessary to protect and promote shareholder value. Issuer engagement may also be event-driven, focusing on issuer-specific corporate governance or sustainability concerns, or broader industry-related trends. We also consider the size of our total position in the issuer in question and/or the potential negative governance, performance profile, and circumstance at hand. As a result, we believe issuer engagement can take many forms and be triggered by numerous circumstances. The following approaches represent how we define engagement methods:
   
Active     We use screening tools designed to capture a mix of company-specific data, including governance and sustainability profiles, to inform our voting and engagement activity.

 

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    We will actively seek direct dialogue with the board and management of companies that we have identified through our screening processes. Such engagements may lead to further monitoring to ensure that the company improves its governance or sustainability practices. In these cases, the engagement process represents the most meaningful opportunity for us to protect long-term shareholder value from excessive risk due to poor governance and sustainability practices.
   
Reactive     Reactive engagement is initiated by issuers. We routinely discuss specific voting issues and items with the issuer community. Reactive engagement is an opportunity to address not only voting items, but also a wide range of governance and sustainability issues.
    We have established an engagement protocol that further describes our approach to issuer engagement.
   
Measurement     Our stewardship activities are designed to have an impact on company-specific and market-level disclosure and oversight practices that we believe protect and promote shareholder value.
    Company-specific successes Assessing the effectiveness of our company-specific engagement process can be challenging to measure. To limit subjectivity in measuring our success, we actively seek issuer feedback and monitor the actions taken by issuers post-engagement in order to identify tangible changes. This enables us to establish indicators to gauge how issuers respond to our concerns and to what degree these responses satisfy our requests. It is also important to note that successful engagement activity can be measured over multiple years depending on the facts and circumstances involved. These engagements not only inform our voting decisions but also allow us to monitor improvement over time and to contribute to our evolving perspectives on priority areas. We also track the impact of our proxy votes by reviewing changing trends in market practices on specific corporate-governance or sustainability-related issues that we address through voting action. We report engagement and voting actions to clients on an annual basis.
    Market-level successes We track the broader adoption of our stewardship priorities — Effective Board Oversight, Climate Risk Management, Human Capital Management, and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion - which we consider core to creating long-term value, by assessing the number of market participants that have embraced positions consistent with our thought leadership and advocacy.

 

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Proxy Voting Procedure    
 
Oversight    
 
    The Asset Stewardship Team is responsible for developing and implementing State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, regional proxy voting and engagement guidelines, and guidance published thereunder by State Street Global Advisors from time to time, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html (collectively, the “Voting Policy”), the implementation of third-party proxy voting guidelines where applicable, case-by-case voting items, issuer engagement activities, and research and analysis of governance-related issues. The Asset Stewardship Team’s activities are overseen by our internal governance body, State Street Global Advisors’ ESG Committee (the “ESG Committee”). The ESG Committee is responsible for reviewing State Street Global Advisors’ stewardship strategy, engagement priorities, and proxy voting guidelines, and for monitoring the delivery of voting objectives.
 
Proxy Voting Process    
 
    In order to facilitate our proxy voting process, we retain Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”), a firm with expertise in proxy voting and corporate governance. We utilize ISS to: (1) act as our proxy voting agent (providing State Street Global Advisors with vote execution and administration services), (2) assist in applying the Voting Policy, (3) provide research and analysis relating to general corporate governance issues and specific proxy items, and (4) provide proxy voting guidelines in limited circumstances.
    All voting decisions and engagement activities are undertaken in accordance with our in-house Voting Policy, ensuring that the interests of our clients remain the sole consideration when discharging our stewardship responsibilities. Exceptions to this policy is the use of an independent third party to vote on State Street stock and other State Street Global Advisors affiliated entities, to mitigate a conflict of interest of voting on our parent company or affiliated entities, and other situations where we retain an independent fiduciary to make a voting decision where we believe we may be conflicted from voting (for example, due to an outside business interest). In such cases, delegated third parties exercise vote decisions based upon State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines.
    We aim to vote at all shareholder meetings where our clients have given us the authority to vote their shares and where it is feasible to do so. However, when we deem appropriate, we could refrain from voting at meetings in cases where:
   

•  Power of attorney documentation is required.

 

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•  Voting will have a material impact on our ability to trade the security.

   

•  Voting is not permissible due to sanctions affecting a company or individual.

   

•  Issuer-specific special documentation is required or various market or issuer certifications are required.

   

•  Unless a client directs otherwise, State Street Global Advisors will not vote proxies in so-called “share blocking” markets (markets where proxy voters have their securities blocked from trading during the period of the annual meeting).

    Additionally, we are unable to vote proxies when certain custodians, used by our clients, do not offer proxy voting in a jurisdiction or when they charge a meeting-specific fee in excess of the typical custody service agreement.
    In rare circumstances where nuances within specific resolutions fall outside of the scope of existing voting guidelines, requiring case-by-case analysis, such resolutions are escalated to the head of Asset Stewardship and reported to the ESG Committee. Additionally, in certain cases, where a material conflict of interest is identified, the matter may be referred to the ESG Committee for review.
   
Conflict of Interest     See our standalone Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines.
 
Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles    
   
Directors and Boards     The election of directors is one of the most important fiduciary duties we perform on behalf of our clients. We believe that well-governed companies can protect and pursue shareholder interests better and withstand the challenges of an uncertain economic environment. As such, we seek to vote director elections in a way that we believe will maximize long-term value.
    Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. This concept establishes the standard by which board and director performance is measured. In order to achieve this fundamental principle, the role of the board is to carry out its responsibilities in the best long-term interest of the company and its shareholders. An independent and effective board sets the strategy and provides guidance on strategic matters, oversees management, selects the CEO and other senior executives, creates a succession plan for the board and management, provides risk oversight, and assesses the performance of the CEO and management. In contrast, management implements the business and capital allocation strategies and runs the company’s day-to-day operations. As part of our engagement process, we routinely discuss the importance of these responsibilities with the boards of issuers.

 

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    We believe the quality of a board is a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. In voting to elect nominees, we consider many factors. We believe independent directors are crucial to good corporate governance; they help management
    establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. A sufficiently independent board will effectively monitor management, maintain appropriate governance practices, and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests. We also believe the right mix of skills, independence, diversity, and qualifications among directors provides boards with the knowledge and direct experience to manage risks and operating structures that are often complex and industry-specific.
   
Accounting and Audit- Related Issues     We believe audit committees are critical and necessary as part of the board’s risk oversight role. The audit committee is responsible for setting out an internal audit function that provides robust audit and internal control systems designed to effectively manage potential and emerging risks to the company’s operations and strategy. We believe audit committees should have independent directors as members, and we will hold the members of the audit committee responsible for overseeing the management of the audit function.
    We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. As a result, board oversight of the internal controls and the independence of the audit process are essential if investors are to rely upon financial statements. It is important for the audit committee to appoint external auditors who are independent from management as we expect auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition.
   
Capital Structure, Reorganization and Mergers     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to a shareholder’s ability to monitor the amounts of proceeds and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. Altering the capital structure of a company is a critical decision for boards. When making such a decision, we believe the company should disclose a comprehensive business rationale that is consistent with corporate strategy and not overly dilutive to its shareholders.
    Mergers or reorganization of the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation.
    Proposals that are in the best interests of shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In evaluating mergers and acquisitions, we consider the impact of the corporate governance provisions to shareholders. In all cases, we use our discretion in order to maximize shareholder value.

 

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    Occasionally, companies add anti-takeover provisions that reduce the chances of a potential acquirer to make an offer, or to reduce the likelihood of a successful offer. We do not support proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights, entrench management, or reduce the likelihood of shareholders’ right to vote on reasonable offers.
   
Compensation     We consider it the board’s responsibility to identify the appropriate level of executive compensation. Despite the differences among the types of plans and the awards possible, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive compensation: we believe that there should be a direct relationship between executive compensation and company performance over the long term.
    Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of various remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also consider executive compensation practices when re-electing members of the remuneration committee.
    We recognize that compensation policies and practices are unique from market to market; often there are significant differences between the level of disclosures, the amount and forms of compensation paid, and the ability of shareholders to approve executive compensation practices. As a result, our ability to assess the appropriateness of executive compensation is often dependent on market practices and laws.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social issues. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing a material environmental or social topic would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social topics, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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General/Routine     Although we do not seek involvement in the day-to-day operations of an organization, we recognize the need for conscientious oversight and input into management decisions that may affect a company’s value. We support proposals that encourage economically advantageous corporate practices and governance, while leaving decisions that are deemed to be routine or constitute ordinary business to management and the board of directors.
   
Fixed Income Stewardship     The two elements of our fixed income stewardship program are:
    Proxy Voting:
    While matters that arise for a vote at bondholder meetings vary by jurisdiction, examples of common proxy voting resolutions at bondholder meetings include:
   

•  Approving amendments to debt covenants and/or terms of issuance

   

•  Authorizing procedural matters, such as filing of required documents/other formalities

   

•  Approving debt restructuring plans

   

•  Abstaining from challenging the bankruptcy trustees

   

•  Authorizing repurchase of issued debt security

   

•  Approving the placement of unissued debt securities under the control of directors

   

•  Approving spin-off/absorption proposals

    Given the nature of the items that arise for vote at bondholder meetings, we take a case-by-case approach to voting bondholder resolutions. Where necessary, we will engage with issuers on voting matters prior to arriving at voting decisions. All voting decisions will be made in the best interest of our clients.
    Issuer Engagement:
    We recognize that debt holders have limited leverage with companies on a day-to-day basis. Our guidelines for engagement with fixed income issuers broadly follow the engagement guidelines for our equity holdings, as described above.
   
Securities on Loan     As a responsible investor and fiduciary, we recognize the importance of balancing the benefits of voting shares and the incremental lending revenue for the pooled funds that participate in State Street Global Advisors’ securities lending program (the “Funds”). Our objective is to recall securities on loan and restrict future lending until after the record date for the respective vote in instances where we believe that a particular vote could have a material impact on the Funds’ long-term financial performance and the benefit of voting shares will outweigh the forgone lending income.

 

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    Accordingly, we have set systematic recall and lending restriction criteria for shareholder meetings involving situations with the highest potential financial implications (such as proxy contests and strategic transactions including mergers and acquisitions, going dark transactions, change of corporate form, bankruptcy and liquidation).
    Generally, these criteria for recall and restriction for lending only apply to certain large cap indices in developed markets.
    State Street Global Advisors monitors the forgone lending revenue associated with each recall to determine if the impact on the Funds’ long-term financial performance and the benefit of voting shares will outweigh the forgone lending income.
    Although our objective is to systematically recall securities based on the aforementioned criteria, we must receive notice of the vote in sufficient time to recall the shares on or before the record date. In cases in which we do not receive timely notice, we may be unable to recall the shares on or before the record date.
   
Reporting     We provide transparency for our stewardship activities through our regular client reports and relevant information reported online. We publish an annual stewardship report that provides details of our stewardship approach, engagement and voting policies, and activities during the year. The annual report is complemented by quarterly stewardship activity reports as well as the regular publication of thought leadership on governance and sustainability on our website. Our voting record information is available on Vote View, an interactive platform that provides relevant company details, proposal types, resolution descriptions, and records of our votes cast.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
    * Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.
    This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communications

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s

Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment

Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent

investment performance. Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482717-3479888.7.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Australia and New Zealand

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for Australia and New Zealand outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in Australia and New Zealand. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Australia and New Zealand address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets as well as country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues in Australia and New Zealand, we expect all companies at a minimum to comply with the ASX Corporate Governance Principles or the NZX Corporate Governance Code, based on their locations. Consistent with the ‘comply or explain’ expectations established by the Principles and the Code, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Principles or the Code. In instances of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise in order to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagement to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors with a good balance of skills, expertise, and independence provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    In our analysis of boards, we consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues, such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint.
    We may also consider board performance and directors who appear to be remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities when analyzing their suitability for reappointment (e.g. fraud, criminal wrongdoing and breach of fiduciary responsibilities).
   
Board Independence     In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    We expect boards of ASX 300 and New Zealand listed companies to be comprised of at least a majority of independent directors. At all other Australian listed companies, we expect boards to be comprised of at least one-third independent directors.

 

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    Our broad criteria for director independence in Australia and New Zealand include factors such as:
   

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

   

•  Employment history with company

   

•  Relations with controlling shareholders

   

•  Family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors, or senior employees

   
Separation Chair/CEO     While we are generally supportive of having the roles of chairman and CEO separated in the Australian and New Zealand markets, we assess the division of responsibilities between chairman and CEO on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to factors such as company-specific circumstances, overall level of independence on the board and general corporate governance standards in the company. Similarly, we will monitor for circumstances in which a combined chairman/CEO is appointed or where a former CEO becomes chairman.
   
Director Time Commitments     When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships that a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:
   

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

   

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

   

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

    For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:
   

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

   

— This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat

   

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

 

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•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

   

•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

    If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.
    Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.
   
Director Attendance at Board Meetings     We also consider attendance at board meetings and may withhold votes from directors who attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold. In addition, we monitor other factors that may influence the independence of a non-executive director, such as performance-related pay, cross-directorships, significant shareholdings, and tenure. We support the annual election of directors and encourage Australian and New Zealand companies to adopt this practice.
   
Board Committees     We believe companies should have committees for audit, remuneration, and nomination oversight. The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the company, appointing external auditors, monitoring their qualifications and independence, and their effectiveness and resource levels. ASX Corporate Governance Principles requires listed companies to have an audit committee of at least three members all of whom are non-executive directors and a majority of whom are independent directors. It also requires that the committee be chaired by an independent director who is not the chair of the board. We hold Australian and New Zealand companies to our global standards for developed financial markets by requiring that all members of the audit committee be independent directors.
    The nomination committee is responsible for evaluating and reviewing the balance of skills, knowledge, and experience of the board. It also ensures that adequate succession plans are in place for directors and the CEO. We may vote against the re-election of members of the nomination committee if the board has failed to address concerns over board structure or succession.

 

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Board Gender Diversity     We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of ASX 300 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (ASX 300) or for adding a woman director (non-ASX 300).
   
Board Responsiveness to High Dissent Against Pay Proposals     Executive pay is another important aspect of corporate governance. We believe that executive pay should be determined by the board of directors. We expect companies to have in place remuneration committees to provide independent oversight over executive pay. ASX Corporate Governance Principles require listed companies to have a remuneration committee of at least three members all of whom are non-executive directors and a majority of whom are independent directors. Similarly, the NZX Corporate Governance Code recommends that at least a majority of remuneration committee members be independent.
    Since Australia has a non-binding vote on pay with a two-strike rule requiring a board spill vote in the event of a second strike, we believe that the vote provides investors a mechanism to address concerns they may have on the quality of oversight provided by the board on remuneration issues. Accordingly, our voting guidelines accommodate local market practice.
    We believe poorly structured executive compensation plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high level of dissent against a company’s compensation proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.
   
Climate-related Disclosure     State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate- related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

 

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    As such, we may take voting action against companies in the ASX 200 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, State Street Global Advisors supports proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law, if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 

Shareholder Rights

 

   
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

   

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

   

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

   

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

    If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.
   
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues     Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting out an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have independent non-executive directors designated as members.

 

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Appointment of External Auditors     State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or to re-appoint at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we will take into consideration the level of detail in company disclosures. We will generally not support resolutions if adequate breakdown is not provided and if non-audit fees are more than 50 percent of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. In certain circumstances, we may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.
 

Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers

 

   
   
Share Issuances     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to shareholders’ ability to monitor the returns and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. State Street Global Advisors supports capital increases that have sound business reasons and are not excessive relative to a company’s existing capital base.
    Pre-emption rights are a fundamental right for shareholders to protect their investment in a company. Where companies seek to issue new shares without pre-emption rights, we may vote against if such authorities are greater than 20 percent of the issued share capital. We may also vote against resolutions seeking authority to issue capital with pre-emption rights if the aggregate amount allowed seems excessive and is not justified by the board. Generally, we are against capital issuance proposals greater than 100 percent of the issued share capital when the proceeds are not intended for specific purpose.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     We generally support proposals to repurchase shares, unless the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased, and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.

 

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Dividends     We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against a dividend payout if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation. We may also vote against if the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be warranted when the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or reorganization of the company structure often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals that are in the best interests of shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported. We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/or management conflicts of interest

   

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

   

•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     We oppose anti-takeover defenses, such as authorities for the board to issue warrants convertible into shares to existing shareholders during a hostile takeover.

 

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Remuneration

 

   
   
Executive Pay     There is a simple underlying philosophy that guides State Street Global Advisors’ analysis of executive pay; there should be a direct relationship between remuneration and company performance over the long term. Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider various factors, such as adequate disclosure of different remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports in which there seems to be a misalignment between pay and shareholders’ interests and where incentive policies and schemes have a re-test option or feature. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach.
   
Equity Incentive Plans     We may not support proposals on equity-based incentive plans where insufficient information is provided on matters, such as grant limits, performance metrics, performance, and vesting periods and overall dilution. Generally, we do not support options under such plans being issued at a discount to market price nor plans that allow for re-testing of performance metrics.
   
Non-Executive Director Pay     Authorities that seek shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees generally are not controversial. We generally support resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless disclosure is poor and we are unable to determine whether the fees are excessive relative to fees paid by other comparable companies. We will evaluate any non-cash or performance-related pay to non-executive directors on a company-by-company basis.
   
Risk Management and Oversight     State Street Global Advisors believes that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion over the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

 

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    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care. .
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

   

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense —Tour A —La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 —REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment

Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as

to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance.

Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482395-3479907.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Continental Europe

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for Continental Europe outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in European markets, excluding the United Kingdom and Ireland. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Continental Europe address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.

 

When voting and engaging with companies in European markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.

 

In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues at European companies, we expect all companies at a minimum to comply with guidance issued by the European Commission and country-specific governance codes. Consistent with the “comply-or-explain” expectations commonly established by guidance and codes, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with applicable provisions and requirements. In cases of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structures effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.

 

   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy    

In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise in order to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagements to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.

 

The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
 
   

We believe that a well-constituted board of directors with a balance of skills, expertise and independence, provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.

 

In our analysis of boards, we consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint.

 

We may also consider factors such as board performance and directors who appear to be remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities (e.g. fraud, criminal wrongdoing and/or breach of fiduciary responsibilities).

   
Board Independence    

In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.

 

Our broad criteria for director independence in European companies include factors such as:

 

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

 

•  Employment history with the company

 

•  Relations with controlling shareholders

 

•  Family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors or senior employees

 

•  Serving as an employee or government representative

 

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•  Overall average board tenure and individual director tenure at issuers with classified and de-classified boards, respectively, and

 

•  Company classification of a director as non-independent

 

While overall board independence requirements and board structures differ from market to market, we consider voting against directors we deem non-independent if overall board independence is below 33 percent or if overall independence level is below 50 percent after excluding employee representatives and/or directors elected in accordance with local laws who are not elected by shareholders. We may withhold support for a proposal to discharge the board if a company does not meet adequate governance standards or board level independence.

   
Separation Chair/CEO     We also assess the division of responsibilities between chair and CEO on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to factors such as overall level of independence on the board and general corporate governance standards in the company. However, we may take voting action against the chair or members of the nominating committee at the STOXX Europe 600 companies that have combined the roles of chair and CEO and have not appointed an independent deputy chair or a lead independent director.
   
Director Time Commitments    

When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:

 

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

 

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

 

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

 

For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:

 

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

 

– This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat

 

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

 

•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

 

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•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

 

If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.

 

Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.

   
Director Attendance at Board Meetings     We also consider attendance at board meetings and may withhold votes from directors who attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold. In addition, we monitor other factors that may influence the independence of a non-executive director, such as performance-related pay, cross-directorships and significant shareholdings. Moreover, we may vote against the election of a director whose biographical disclosures are insufficient to assess his or her role on the board and/or independence.
   
Board Gender Diversity    

We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of STOXX 600 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.

 

We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (STOXX 600) or for adding a woman director (non-STOXX 600).

   
Length of Board Terms     Although we generally are in favour of the annual election of directors, we recognise that director terms vary considerably in different European markets. We may vote against article/bylaw changes that seek to extend director terms. In addition, we may vote against directors in certain markets if their terms extend beyond four years.

 

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Board Committees    

We believe companies should have relevant board level committees for audit, remuneration and nomination oversight. The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the company, appointing external auditors, monitoring their qualifications and independence, and assessing effectiveness and resource levels. Similarly, executive pay is an important aspect of corporate governance, and it should be determined by the board of directors. We expect companies to have remuneration committees to provide independent oversight of executive pay. We may vote against nominees who are executive members of audit or remuneration committees.

 

In certain European markets, it is not uncommon for the election of directors to be presented in a single slate. In these cases, where executives serve on the audit or the remuneration committees, we may vote against the entire slate.

   
Board Responsiveness to High Dissent Against Pay Proposals     Poorly-structured executive remuneration plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high levels of dissent against a company’s remuneration proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a remuneration-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.
   
Climate-related Disclosure    

State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

 

As such, we may take voting action against companies in the STOXX 600 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.

   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law if a director has not acted in bad faith, with gross negligence, or with reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.

 

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Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:

 

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

 

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

 

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

 

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

 

If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.

   
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues     Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting up an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have as members independent non-executive directors.
   
Appointment of External Auditors     We believe that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or re-appoint them at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we consider the level of detail in company disclosures; we will generally not support such resolutions if adequate breakdown is not provided and if non-audit fees are more than 50 percent of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. We may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process in certain circumstances.
   
Limit Legal Liability of External Auditors     We generally oppose limiting the legal liability of audit firms as we believe this could create a negative impact on the quality of the audit function.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

 

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Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers In some European markets, differential voting rights continue to exist. State Street Global Advisors supports the one-share, one-vote policy and favors a share structure where all shares have equal voting rights. We believe pre-emption rights should be introduced for shareholders in order to provide adequate protection from excessive dilution from the issuance of new shares or convertible securities to third parties or a small number of select shareholders.

   
Unequal Voting Rights     We generally oppose proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of common stock with superior voting rights. We will generally oppose the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution and other rights. In addition, we will not support capitalization changes that add classes of stock with undefined voting rights or classes that may dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders. We support proposals to abolish voting caps and capitalization changes that eliminate other classes of stock and/or unequal voting rights.
   
Increase in Authorized Capital     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to shareholders’ ability to monitor returns and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. We support capital increases that have sound business reasons and are not excessive relative to a company’s existing capital base.
    Pre-emption rights are a fundamental right for shareholders to protect their investment in a company. Where companies seek to issue new shares whilst disapplying pre-emption rights, we may vote against if such authorities are greater than 20 percent of the issued share capital. We may also vote against resolutions that seek authority to issue capital with pre-emption rights if the aggregate amount allowed seems excessive and is not justified by the board. Generally, we oppose capital issuance proposals greater than 100 percent of the issued share capital when the proceeds are not intended for a specific purpose.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     We typically support proposals to repurchase shares; however, there are exceptions in some cases. We do not support repurchases if the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased, the range of premium/discount to market price at which the company can repurchase shares, and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.

 

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Dividends     We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against the dividend payouts if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation or the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be paid to cases in which the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.
   
Related-Party Transactions     Some companies in European markets have a controlled ownership structure and complex cross-shareholdings between subsidiaries and parent companies (“related companies”). Such structures may result in the prevalence of related-party transactions between the company and its various stakeholders, such as directors and management, subsidiaries and shareholders. In markets where shareholders are required to approve such transactions, we expect companies to provide details of the transaction, such as the nature, the value and the purpose of such a transaction. We also encourage independent directors to ratify such transactions. Further, we encourage companies to describe the level of independent board oversight and the approval process, including details of any independent valuations provided by financial advisors on related-party transactions.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or restructurings often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, mergers, liquidation and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals will be supported if they are in the best interest of the shareholders, which is demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported.
   

We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include:

 

•  Offer premium

 

•  Strategic rationale

 

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including director and/or management conflicts of interest

 

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

 

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

We may vote against a transaction considering the following:

 

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

 

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•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

 

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting.

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     European markets have diverse regulations concerning the use of share issuances as takeover defenses, with legal restrictions lacking in some markets. We support the one-share, one-vote policy. For example, dual-class capital structures entrench certain shareholders and management, insulating them from possible takeovers. We oppose unlimited share issuance authorizations because they can be used as anti-takeover devices. They have the potential for substantial voting and earnings dilution. We also monitor the duration of time for authorities to issue shares, as well as whether there are restrictions and caps on multiple issuance authorities during the specified time periods. We oppose antitakeover defenses, such as authorities for the board when subject to a hostile takeover to issue warrants convertible into shares to existing shareholders.
 
Remuneration    
   
Executive Pay    

Despite the differences among the various types of plans and awards, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive pay: there should be a direct relationship between remuneration and company performance over the long term.

 

Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach.

   
Equity Incentives Plans     We may not support proposals regarding equity-based incentive plans where insufficient information is provided on matters, including grant limits, performance metrics, performance and vesting periods, and overall dilution. Generally, we do not support options under such plans being issued at a discount to market price or plans that allow for retesting of performance metrics.

 

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Non-Executive Director Pay     In European markets, proposals seeking shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees are generally not controversial. We typically support resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless disclosure is poor and we are unable to determine whether the fees are excessive relative to fees paid by comparable companies. We will evaluate any non-cash or performance-related pay to non-executive directors on a company-by-company basis.
   
Risk Management    

We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

 

As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.

 

Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.

   
Environmental and Social Issues    

As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.

 

For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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About State Street

Global Advisors

    For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion† under our care.
   

* Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

   

This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and

whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A —La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay,

Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 —REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association.

Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482701-3479909.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Japan

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for Japan outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in Japan. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc.. SSGA Funds Management, Inc.is an SEC-registered investment adviser. SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street make up State Street Global Advisors, the investment management arm of State Street Corporation.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Japan address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, remuneration and mergers, compensation, and other governance-related issues. When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect all companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as any country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    With companies in Japan, State Street Global Advisors takes into consideration the unique aspects of Japanese corporate governance structures. We recognize that under Japanese corporate law, companies may choose between three structures of corporate governance: the statutory auditor system, the committee structure and the hybrid structure.
    Most Japanese boards predominantly consist of executives and non-independent outsiders affiliated through commercial relationships or cross-shareholdings. Nonetheless, when evaluating companies, State Street Global Advisors expects the boards of Japanese companies to address conflicts of interest and risk management, and to demonstrate an effective process for monitoring management.
    Regardless of the corporate governance structure a company adopts, we expect all companies at a minimum to comply with Japan’s Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”). Consistent with the ‘comply or explain’ expectations established by the Code, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Code. In instances of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagement to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.

 

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    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) Investment Teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

   
Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors with a balance of skills, expertise and independence provides the foundation for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    Japanese companies have the option of having a traditional board of directors with statutory auditors, a board with a committee structure, or a hybrid board with a board level audit committee. We will generally support companies that seek shareholder approval to adopt a committee or hybrid board structure.
    Most Japanese issuers prefer the traditional statutory auditor structure. Statutory auditors act in a quasi-compliance role, as they are not involved in strategic decision-making, nor are they part of the formal management decision process. Statutory auditors attend board meetings, but do not have voting rights at the board; however, they have the right to seek an injunction and conduct broad investigations of unlawful behavior in the company’s operations.
    State Street Global Advisors will support the election of statutory auditors unless the outside statutory auditor nominee is regarded as non-independent based on our criteria, the outside statutory auditor has attended less than 75 percent of meetings of the board of directors or the board of statutory auditors during the year under review, or the statutory auditor has been remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities (fraud, criminal wrongdoing, and breach of fiduciary responsibilities).

 

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    Board Independence
    In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. A sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions that are necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    We believe that boards of TOPIX 500 companies should have at least three independent directors and be at least one-third independent. Otherwise, we may oppose the board leader who is responsible for the director nomination process.
    For non-TOPIX 500 companies, we may oppose the board leader if the board does not have at least two independent directors. For companies with a committee structure or a hybrid board structure, we also take into consideration the overall independence level of the committees.
   

In determining director independence, we consider the following factors:

 

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

 

•  Past employment with the company

 

•  Professional services provided to the company

 

•  Family ties with the company

 

Regardless of board structure, we may oppose the election of a director for the following reasons:

 

•  Failure to attend board meetings

 

•  In instances of egregious actions related to a director’s service on the board

 

   
Board Gender Diversity     We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member. If a company does not meet this expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet this expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for adding at least one woman to its board.

 

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Climate-related Disclosures     State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.
    As such, we take voting action against companies in the TOPIX 100 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, State Street Global Advisors supports proposals to limit directors’ and statutory auditors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law, if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. We believe limitations and indemnification are necessary to attract and retain qualified directors.
 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

   

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

   

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

   

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

   

If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.

 

   
Accounting and Audit- Related Issues     State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should have the opportunity to vote on the appointment of the auditor at the annual meeting.

 

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Ratifying External Auditors     We generally support the appointment of external auditors unless the external auditor is perceived as being non-independent and there are concerns about the accounts presented and the audit procedures followed.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.
   
Limiting Legal Liability of External Auditors     We generally oppose limiting the legal liability of audit firms as we believe this could create a negative impact on the quality of the audit function.
 
Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers    
   
Unequal Voting Rights     State Street Global Advisors supports the “one-share, one-vote” policy and favors a share structure where all shares have equal voting rights. We support proposals to abolish voting caps or multiple voting rights and will oppose measures to introduce these types of restrictions on shareholder rights.
    We generally oppose proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of common stock with superior voting rights. We will generally oppose new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights. In addition, we will not support capitalization changes that add classes of stock with undefined voting rights or classes that may dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders.
    However, we will support capitalization changes that eliminate other classes of stock and/ or unequal voting rights.
   
Share Capital Increases     We believe pre-emption rights should be introduced for shareholders. This can provide adequate protection from excessive dilution due to the issuance of new shares or convertible securities to third parties or a small number of select shareholders.
   
Increase in Authorized Capital     We generally support increases in authorized capital where the company provides an adequate explanation for the use of shares. In the absence of an adequate explanation, we may oppose the request if the increase in authorized capital exceeds 100 percent of the currently authorized capital. Where share issuance requests exceed our standard threshold, we will consider the nature of the specific need, such as mergers, acquisitions and stock splits.

 

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Dividends     We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against a dividend payout if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation or if the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be paid where the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     Companies are allowed under Japan Corporate Law to amend their articles to authorize the repurchase of shares at the board’s discretion. We will oppose such amendments. We believe the company should seek shareholder approval for a share repurchase program at each year’s AGM, providing shareholders the right to evaluate the terms of the repurchase.
    We generally support proposals to repurchase shares, unless the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or reorganizing the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, mergers, liquidations and other major changes to the corporation. We will support proposals that are in the best interests of shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations. In general, provisions that are deemed to be destructive to shareholders’ rights or financially detrimental will not be supported.
    We evaluate mergers and structural reorganizations on a case-by-case basis. We will generally support transactions that we believe will maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include, but are not limited to, the following:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including director and/ or management conflicts of interest

   

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

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    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

   

•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  Offers in which the current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     In general, State Street Global Advisors believes that adoption of poison pills that have been structured to protect management and to prevent takeover bids from succeeding is not in shareholders’ interest. A shareholder rights plan may lead to management entrenchment. It may also discourage legitimate tender offers and acquisitions. Even if the premium paid to companies with a shareholder rights plan is higher than that offered to unprotected firms, a company’s chances of receiving a takeover offer in the first place may be reduced by the presence of a shareholder rights plan.
    Proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights or have the effect of entrenching incumbent management will not be supported.
    Proposals that enhance the right of shareholders to make their own choices as to the desirability of a merger or other proposal are supported.
   
Shareholder Rights Plans     In evaluating the adoption or renewal of a Japanese issuer’s shareholder rights plans (“poison pill”), we consider the following conditions: (i) release of proxy circular with details of the proposal with adequate notice in advance of meeting, (ii) minimum trigger of over 20 percent, (iii) maximum term of three years, (iv) sufficient number of independent directors, (v) presence of an independent committee, (vi) annual election of directors, and (vii) lack of protective or entrenchment features. Additionally, we consider the length of time that a shareholder rights plan has been in effect.
    In evaluating an amendment to a shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”), in addition to the conditions above, we will also evaluate and consider supporting proposals where the terms of the new plan are more favorable to shareholders’ ability to accept unsolicited offers.
   
“Cross-shareholdings”     “Cross-Shareholdings” are a long-standing feature of the balance sheets of many Japanese companies, but, in our view, can be detrimental for corporate governance practices and ultimately shareholder returns.
    Therefore, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the board leader at those TOPIX 500 companies where the “cross-shareholdings” (strategic listed shares) held by a company exceed 30 percent of the company’s net assets (as in the securities report disclosed for the previous fiscal year).

 

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    We may waive the guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound, and publicly available plan for reducing its exposure to “cross-shareholdings”:
   

•  To less than 30% by 2025; or

   

•  By 50% of current level by 2025

   
Compensation     In Japan, excessive compensation is rarely an issue. Rather, the problem tends to be the lack of connection between pay and performance. Fixed salaries and cash retirement bonuses tend to comprise a significant portion of the compensation structure while performance-based pay is generally a small portion of the total pay. State Street Global Advisors, where possible, seeks to encourage the use of performance-based compensation in Japan as an incentive for executives and as a way to align interests with shareholders.
   
Adjustments to Aggregate Compensation Ceiling for Directors     Remuneration for directors in Japan is generally reasonable. Typically, each company sets the director compensation parameters as an aggregate, thereby limiting the total pay to all directors. When requesting a change, a company must disclose the last time the ceiling was adjusted, and management provides the rationale for the ceiling increase. We will generally support proposed increases to the ceiling if the company discloses the rationale for the increase. We may oppose proposals to increase the ceiling if there has been corporate malfeasance or sustained poor performance.
   
Annual Bonuses for Directors/Statutory Auditors     In Japan, since there are no legal requirements that mandate companies to seek shareholder approval before awarding a bonus, we believe that existing shareholder approval of the bonus should be considered best practice. As a result, we support management proposals on executive compensation where there is a strong relationship between executive pay and performance over a five-year period.
   
Retirement Bonuses for Directors/Statutory Auditors     While many companies in Japan have abolished the practice where retirement bonuses, based upon tenure, make up a sizeable portion of directors and auditors’ lifetime compensation, there remain many proposals seeking shareholder approval for the total amounts paid to directors and statutory auditors as a whole. In general, we support these payments unless the recipient is an outsider or in instances where the amount is not disclosed.
   
Stock Plans     Most option plans in Japan are conservative, particularly at large companies. Japanese corporate law requires companies to disclose the monetary value of the stock options for directors and/or statutory auditors. Some companies do not disclose the maximum number of options that can be issued per year and shareholders are unable to evaluate the dilution impact. In this case, we cannot calculate the dilution level and, therefore, we may oppose such plans due to poor disclosure. We also oppose plans that allow for the repricing of options.

 

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Deep Discount Options     As Japanese companies move away from the retirement bonus system, deep discount options plans have become more popular. Typically, the exercise price is set at JPY 1 per share. We evaluate deep discount options using the same criteria used to evaluate stock options and consider the vesting period.
   
Risk Management     We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.
    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we investon behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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General/Routine    
   

Expansion of

Business Activities

    Japanese companies’ articles of incorporation strictly define the types of businesses in which a company is permitted to engage. In general, State Street Global Advisors views proposals that expand and diversify the company’s business activities as routine and non-contentious. We will monitor instances in which there has been an inappropriate acquisition and diversification away from the company’s main area of competence that resulted in a decrease of shareholder value.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communications

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78

Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay,

Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers

Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’

Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of,

nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate

EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482398-3479913.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

United Kingdom and Ireland

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for the United Kingdom and Ireland outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in the United Kingdom and Ireland. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for the United Kingdom (“UK”) and Ireland address our market-specific approach to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country-specific best practice guideliness and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues in the UK and Ireland, we expect all companies that obtain a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange or the Irish Stock Exchange, regardless of domicile, to comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”), and proactively monitor companies’ adherence to the Code. Consistent with the ‘comply or explain’ expectations established by the Code, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Code. In instances of non-compliance in which companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagement to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    We believe that a well-constituted board of directors, with a balance of skills, expertise and independence, provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    We may also consider board performance and directors who appear to be remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities when analyzing their suitability for reappointment (e.g. fraud, criminal wrongdoing and breach of fiduciary responsibilities).
   
Board Independence     In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    Our broad criteria for director independence for UK companies include factors such as:
   

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

   

•  Employment history with company

   

•  Excessive tenure and a preponderance of long-tenured directors

   

•  Relations with controlling shareholders

   

•  Family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors or senior employees

   

•  Company classification of a director as non-independent

 

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Director Attendance at Board Meetings     We also consider attendance at board meetings and may withhold votes from directors who attend less than 75 percent of board meetings in a given year without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold. In addition, we monitor other factors that may influence the independence of a non-executive director, such as performance-related pay, cross-directorships and significant shareholdings.
   
Classified Boards     We support the annual election of directors.
   
Separation Chair/CEO     While we are generally supportive of having the roles of chair and CEO separated in the UK market, we assess the division of responsibilities between chair and CEO on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to factors such as the company’s specific circumstances, overall level of independence on the board and general corporate governance standards in the company. Similarly, we monitor for circumstances in which a combined chair/CEO is appointed or a former CEO becomes chair.
   
Board Committees     We believe companies should have committees for audit, remuneration and nomination oversight. The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the company, the appointment of external auditors, auditor qualifications and independence, and effectiveness and resource levels. Similarly, executive pay is an important aspect of corporate governance, and it should be determined by the board of directors. We expect companies to have remuneration committees to provide independent oversight over executive pay. We may vote against nominees who are executive members of audit or remuneration committees.
    We consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint. The nomination committee is responsible for evaluating and reviewing the balance of skills, knowledge, and experience of the board. It also ensures that adequate succession plans are in place for directors and the CEO. We may vote against the re-election of members of the nomination committee if, over time, the board has not addressed concerns over board structure or succession.
    Poorly structured executive compensation plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high level of dissent against a company’s compensation proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.

 

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Board Gender Diversity     We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of FTSE 350 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (FTSE 350) or for adding a woman director (non-FTSE 350).
   
Board Racial/Ethnic Diversity     Effective board oversight of a company’s long-term business strategy necessitates a diversity of perspectives, especially in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. If a company in the FTSE 350 does not disclose, at minimum, the gender, racial and ethnic composition of its board, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee. We may withhold support from the Chair of the nominating committee also when a company in the FTSE 100 does not have at least one director from an underrepresented racial and/or ethnic community on its board.
   
Director Time Commitments     When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:
   

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

   

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

   

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

    For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:
   

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

        – This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat
   

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

   

•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

 

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•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

    If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.
    Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.
   
Climate-related Disclosures     State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.
    As such, we may take voting action against companies in the FTSE 350 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law. This holds if a director has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, nor reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

   

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

 

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•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

    If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.
   
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues     Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting out an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have as members independent non-executive directors. Appointment of External Auditors
   
Appointment of External Auditors     State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or re-appoint at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we take into consideration the level of detail in company disclosures and will generally not support such resolutions if an adequate breakdown is not provided and if non-audit fees are more than 50% of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. In certain circumstances, we may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process.
   
Limit Legal Liability of External Auditors     We generally oppose limiting the legal liability of audit firms because we believe this could create a negative impact on the quality of the audit function.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.
 
Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers    
   
Share Issuances     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is essential to shareholders’ ability to monitor returns and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. We support capital increases that have sound business reasons and are not excessive relative to a company’s existing capital base.

 

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    Pre-emption rights are a fundamental right for shareholders to protect their investment in a company. Where companies seek to issue new shares without pre-emption rights, we may vote against if such authorities are greater than 20% of the issued share capital. We may also vote against resolutions that seek authority to issue capital with pre-emption rights if the aggregate amount allowed seems excessive and is not justified by the board. Generally, we are against capital issuance proposals greater than 100% of the issued share capital when the proceeds are not intended for a specific purpose.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     We generally support a proposal to repurchase shares. However, this is not the case if the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased, the range of premium/discount to market price at which a company can repurchase shares, and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.
 
Dividends    
 
    We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30% or more of net income. We may vote against the dividend payouts if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30% without adequate explanation or the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be paid where the payment may damage the company’s long term financial health.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or reorganizing the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, mergers, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals that are in the best interests of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights and are not supported.
    We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include the following:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/ or management conflicts of interest

 

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•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

   

•  Offers in which we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     We oppose anti-takeover defenses such as authorities for the board when subject to a hostile takeover to issue warrants convertible into shares to existing shareholders.
   
Notice Period to Convene a General Meeting     We expect companies to give as much notice as is practicable when calling a general meeting. Generally, we are not supportive of authorizations seeking to reduce the notice period to 14 days.
 
Remuneration    
   
Executive Pay     Despite the differences among the types of plans and awards possible, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive pay: there should be a direct relationship between remuneration and company performance over the long term.
    Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration policies and reports, we consider adequate disclosure of various remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices or if the company has not been responsive to shareholder concerns.

 

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Equity Incentive Plans     We may not support proposals on equity-based incentive plans where insufficient information is provided on matters such as grant limits, performance metrics, performance, vesting periods, and overall dilution. Generally we do not support options under such plans being issued at a discount to market price or plans that allow for re-testing of performance metrics.
   
Non-Executive Director Pay     Authorities that seek shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees are generally not controversial. We typically support resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless disclosure is poor and we are unable to determine whether they are excessive relative to fees paid by comparable companies. We will evaluate any non-cash or performance related pay to non-executive directors on a company- by-company basis.
   
Risk Management     State Street Global Advisors believes that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight of the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion over how they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the with a changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify their operations into new areas.
    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.

 

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Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion† under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240- 7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan,

Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

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ID1482704-3479919.3.1.GBL.RTL    0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

North America (United States & Canada)

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for North America outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States and Canada. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for North America (United States [“US”] and Canada) address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, compensation, and other governance-related issues.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues in North America, we expect all companies to act in a transparent manner and to provide detailed disclosure on board profiles, related-party transactions, executive compensation, and other governance issues that impact shareholders’ long-term interests. Further, as a founding member of the Investor Stewardship Group (“ISG”), we proactively monitor companies’ adherence to the Corporate Governance Principles for US listed companies (the “Principles”). Consistent with the “comply-or-explain” expectations established by the Principles, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Principles. In instances of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagements to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and various other investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors, with a balance of skills, expertise, and independence, provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    In our analysis of boards, we consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues, such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint.
    In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    Director-related proposals include issues submitted to shareholders that deal with the composition of the board or with members of a corporation’s board of directors. In deciding the director nominee to support, we consider numerous factors.
   
Director Elections     Our director election guideline focuses on companies’ governance profile to identify if a company demonstrates appropriate governance practices or if it exhibits negative governance practices. Factors we consider when evaluating governance practices include, but are not limited to the following:
   

•  Shareholder rights

   

•  Board independence

   

•  Board structure

 

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    If a company demonstrates appropriate governance practices, we believe a director should be classified as independent based upon the relevant listing standards or local market practice standards. In such cases, the composition of the key oversight committees of a board should meet the minimum standards of independence. Accordingly, we may vote against a nominee at a company with appropriate governance practices if the director is classified as non-independent under relevant listing standards or local market practice and serves on a key committee of the board (compensation, audit, nominating, or committees required to be fully independent by local market standards).
    Conversely, if a company demonstrates negative governance practices, State Street Global Advisors believes the classification standards for director independence should be elevated. In such circumstances, we will evaluate all director nominees based upon the following classification standards:
   

•  Is the nominee an employee of or related to an employee of the issuer or its auditor?

   

•  Does the nominee provide professional services to the issuer?

   

•  Has the nominee attended an appropriate number of board meetings?

   

•  Has the nominee received non-board related compensation from the issuer?

    In the US market where companies demonstrate negative governance practices, these stricter standards will apply not only to directors who are a member of a key committee but to all directors on the board as market practice permits. Accordingly, we may vote against a nominee (with the exception of the CEO) where the board has inappropriate governance practices and is considered not independent based on the above independence criteria.
    Additionally, we may withhold votes from directors based on the following:
   

•  Overall average board tenure is excessive. In assessing excessive tenure, we consider factors such as the preponderance of long tenured directors, board refreshment practices, and classified board structures

   

•  Directors attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold

   

•  Directors of companies that have not been responsive to a shareholder proposal that received a majority shareholder support at the last annual or special meeting

   

•  Consideration can be warranted if management submits the proposal(s) on the ballot as a binding management proposal, recommending shareholders vote for the particular proposal(s)

 

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•  Directors of companies have unilaterally adopted/ amended company bylaws that negatively impact our shareholder rights (such as fee-shifting, forum selection, and exclusion service bylaws) without putting such amendments to a shareholder vote

   

•  Compensation committee members where there is a weak relationship between executive pay and performance over a five-year period

   

•  Audit committee members if non-audit fees exceed 50 percent of total fees paid to the auditors

   

•  Directors who appear to have been remiss in their duties

    Board Gender Diversity
    We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of Russell 3000 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (Russell 3000) or for adding a woman director (non-Russell 3000).
    Board Racial/Ethnic Diversity
    We believe effective board oversight of a company’s long-term business strategy necessitates a diversity of perspectives, especially in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. If a company in the Russell 1000 does not disclose, at minimum, the gender, racial and ethnic composition of its board, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee. We may withhold support from the Chair of the nominating committee also when a company in the S&P 500 does not have at least one director from an underrepresented racial/ethnic community on its board.
    Workforce Diversity
    We may vote against the Chair of the compensation committee at companies in the S&P 500 that do not disclose their EEO-1 reports. Acceptable disclosures include:
   

•  The original EEO-1 report response

 

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•  The exact content of the report translated into custom graphics

    Director Time Commitments
    When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships that a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:
   

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

   

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

   

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

    For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:
   

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

   

– This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat

   

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

   

•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

   

•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

    If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time- bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.
    Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.

 

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    Climate-related Disclosures
    State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.
    As such, we may take voting action against companies in the S&P 500 and S&P/TSX Composite that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Director-Related Proposals     We generally vote for the following director-related proposals:
   

•  Discharge of board members’ duties, in the absence of pending litigation, regulatory investigation, charges of fraud, or other indications of significant concern

   

•  Proposals to restore shareholders’ ability in order to remove directors with or without cause

   

•  Proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies

   

•  Shareholder proposals seeking disclosure regarding the company, board, or compensation committee’s use of compensation consultants, such as company name, business relationship(s), and fees paid

 

    We generally vote against the following director-related proposals:
   

•  Requirements that candidates for directorships own large amounts of stock before being eligible to be elected

   

•  Proposals that relate to the “transaction of other business as properly comes before the meeting,” which extend “blank check” powers to those acting as proxy

   

•  Proposals requiring two candidates per board seat

   
Majority Voting     We will generally support a majority vote standard based on votes cast for the election of directors.
    We will generally vote to support amendments to bylaws that would require simple majority of voting shares (i.e. shares cast) to pass or to repeal certain provisions.

 

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Annual Elections     We generally support the establishment of annual elections of the board of directors. Consideration is given to the overall level of board independence and the independence of the key committees, as well as the existence of a shareholder rights plan.
   
Cumulative Voting     We do not support cumulative voting structures for the election of directors.
   
Separation Chair/CEO     We analyze proposals for the separation of Chair/CEO on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration numerous factors, including the appointment of and role played by a lead director, a company’s performance, and the overall governance structure of the company.
    However, we may take voting action against the chair or members of the nominating committee at S&P 500 companies that have combined the roles of chair and CEO and have not appointed a lead independent director.
   
Proxy Access     In general, we believe that proxy access is a fundamental right and an accountability mechanism for all long-term shareholders. We will consider proposals relating to proxy access on a case-by-case basis. We will support shareholder proposals that set parameters to empower long-term shareholders while providing management the flexibility to design a process that is appropriate for the company’s circumstances.
    We will review the terms of all other proposals and will support those proposals that have been introduced in the spirit of enhancing shareholder rights.
    Considerations include the following:
   

•  The ownership thresholds and holding duration proposed in the resolution

   

•  The binding nature of the proposal

   

•  The number of directors that shareholders may be able to nominate each year

   

•  Company governance structure

   

•  Shareholder rights

   

•  Board performance

   
Age/Term Limits     Generally, we may vote against age and term limits unless the company is found to have poor board refreshment and director succession practices, and has a preponderance of non-executive directors with excessively long tenures serving on the board.

 

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Approve Remuneration of Directors     Generally, we will support directors’ compensation, provided the amounts are not excessive relative to other issuers in the market or industry. In making our determination, we review whether the compensation is overly dilutive to existing shareholders.
   
Indemnification     Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
   
Classified Boards     We generally support annual elections for the board of directors.
   
Confidential Voting     We will support confidential voting.
   
Board Size     We will support proposals seeking to fix the board size or designate a range for the board size and will vote against proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board outside of a specified range without shareholder approval.
   
Board Responsiveness     We may vote against the re-election of members of the compensation committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach. In addition, if the level of dissent against a management proposal on executive pay is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the compensation committee.

 

 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

 

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•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

   

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

   

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

    If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.
 
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues    
   
Ratifying Auditors and Approving Auditor Compensation     We support the approval of auditors and auditor compensation provided that the issuer has properly disclosed audit and non-audit fees relative to market practice and the audit fees are not deemed excessive. We deem audit fees to be excessive if the non-audit fees for the prior year constituted 50 percent or more of the total fees paid to the auditor. We will also support the disclosure of auditor and consulting relationships when the same or related entities are conducting both activities and will support the establishment of a selection committee responsible for the final approval of significant management consultant contract awards where existing firms are already acting in an auditing function.
    In circumstances where “other” fees include fees related to initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs, and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees which are determined to be an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit/audit-related fees/tax compliance and preparation for purposes of determining whether non-audit fees are excessive.
    We will support the discharge of auditors and requirements that auditors attend the annual meeting of shareholders.
    Approval of Financial Statements
    We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

 

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Capital Structure     Capital structure proposals include requests by management for approval of amendments to the certificate of incorporation that will alter the capital structure of the company.
    The most common request is for an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock, usually in conjunction with a stock split or dividend. Typically, we support requests that are not unreasonably dilutive or enhance the rights of common shareholders. In considering authorized share proposals, the typical threshold for approval is 100percent over current authorized shares. However, the threshold may be increased if the company offers a specific need or purpose (merger, stock splits, growth purposes, etc.). All proposals are evaluated on a case-by-case basis taking into account the company’s specific financial situation.
   
Increase in Authorized Common Shares     In general, we support share increases for general corporate purposes up to 100 percent of current authorized stock.
    We support increases for specific corporate purposes up to 100 percent of the specific need plus 50 percent of current authorized common stock for US and Canadian firms.
    When applying the thresholds, we will also consider the nature of the specific need, such as mergers and acquisitions and stock splits.
   
Increase in Authorized Preferred Shares     We vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to increase the number of preferred shares.
    Generally, we will vote for the authorization of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable.
    We will support proposals to create “declawed” blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a takeover defense). However, we may vote against proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred stock authorized for issuance when no shares have been issued or reserved for a specific purpose.
   
Unequal Voting Rights     We will not support proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of common stock with superior voting rights and may vote against new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights. In addition, we will not support capitalization changes that add “blank check” classes of stock (i.e. classes of stock with undefined voting rights) or classes that dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders.
    However, we will support capitalization changes that eliminate other classes of stock and/ or unequal voting rights.

 

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Reorganization and Mergers     The reorganization of the structure of a company or mergers often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation.
    Proposals that are in the best interests of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported.
    In general, provisions that are not viewed as economically sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported.
    We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include the following:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/or management conflicts of interest

   

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock, especially in some non-US markets

   

•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Issues     Typically, these are proposals relating to requests by management to amend the certificate of incorporation or bylaws to add or to delete a provision that is deemed to have an anti-takeover effect. The majority of these proposals deal with management’s attempt to add some provision that makes a hostile takeover more difficult or will protect incumbent management in the event of a change in control of the company.

 

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    Proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights or have the effect of entrenching incumbent management may not be supported.
    Proposals that enhance the right of shareholders to make their own choices as to the desirability of a merger or other proposal are supported.

 

   
Shareholder Rights Plans     US: We will support mandates requiring shareholder approval of a shareholder rights plans (“poison pill”) and repeals of various anti-takeover related provisions.
    In general, we may vote against the adoption or renewal of a US issuer’s shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”).
    We will vote for an amendment to a shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”) where the terms of the new plans are more favorable to shareholders’ ability to accept unsolicited offers (i.e. if one of the following conditions are met: (i) minimum trigger, flip-in or flip-over of 20 percent, (ii) maximum term of three years, (iii) no “dead hand,” “slow hand,” “no hand” nor similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill, and (iv) inclusion of a shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause), permitting ten percent of the shares to call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced).
    Canada: We analyze proposals for shareholder approval of a shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”) on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration numerous factors, including but not limited to, whether it conforms to ‘new generation’ rights plans and the scope of the plan.
   
Special Meetings     We will vote for shareholder proposals related to special meetings at companies that do not provide shareholders the right to call for a special meeting in their bylaws if:
   

•  The company also does not allow shareholders to act by written consent

   

•  The company allows shareholders to act by written consent but the ownership threshold for acting by written consent is set above 25 percent of outstanding shares

    We will vote for shareholder proposals related to special meetings at companies that give shareholders (with a minimum 10 percent ownership threshold) the right to call for a special meeting in their bylaws if:
   

•  The current ownership threshold to call for a special meeting is above 25 percent of outstanding shares

    We will vote for management proposals related to special meetings.

 

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Written Consent     We will vote for shareholder proposals on written consent at companies if:
   

•  The company does not have provisions in their bylaws giving shareholders the right to call for a special meeting

   

•  The company allows shareholders the right to call for a special meeting, but the current ownership threshold to call for a special meeting is above 25percent of outstanding shares

   

•  The company has a poor governance profile

 

We will vote management proposals on written consent on a case-by-case basis.

 

   
Super-Majority     We will generally vote against amendments to bylaws requiring super-majority shareholder votes to pass or repeal certain provisions. We will vote for the reduction or elimination of super-majority vote requirements, unless management of the issuer was concurrently seeking to or had previously made such a reduction or elimination.
   
Compensation     Despite the differences among the types of plans and the awards possible there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides the analysis of all compensation plans; namely, the terms of the plan should be designed to provide an incentive for executives and/or employees to align their interests with those of the shareholders and thus work toward enhancing shareholder value. Plans that benefit participants only when the shareholders also benefit are those most likely to be supported.
   
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation and Frequency     State Street Global Advisors believes executive compensation plays a critical role in aligning executives’ interest with shareholders’, attracting, retaining and incentivizing key talent, and ensuring positive correlation between the performance achieved by management and the benefits derived by shareholders. We support management proposals on executive compensation where there is a strong relationship between executive pay and performance over a five-year period. We seek adequate disclosure of various compensation elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests as well as with corporate strategy, and performance. Further shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance on an annual basis.
    In Canada, where advisory votes on executive compensation are not commonplace, we will rely primarily upon engagement to evaluate compensation plans.

 

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Employee Equity
Award Plans
    We consider numerous criteria when examining equity award proposals. Generally we do not vote against plans for lack of performance or vesting criteria. Rather the main criteria that will result in a vote against an equity award plan are:
    Excessive voting power dilution To assess the dilutive effect, we divide the number of shares required to fully fund the proposed plan, the number of authorized but unissued shares and the issued but unexercised shares by the fully diluted share count. We review that number in light of certain factors, such as the industry of the issuer.
    Historical option grants Excessive historical option grants over the past three years. Plans that provide for historical grant patterns of greater than five to eight percent are generally not supported.
    Repricing We may vote against any plan where repricing is expressly permitted. If a company has a history of repricing underwater options, the plan will not be supported.

 

 
    Other criteria include the following:
   

•  Number of participants or eligible employees

   

•  The variety of awards possible

   

•  The period of time covered by the plan

    There are numerous factors that we view as negative. If combined they may result in a vote against a proposal. Factors include:
   

•  Grants to individuals or very small groups of participants

   

•  “Gun-jumping” grants which anticipate shareholder approval of a plan or amendment

   

•  The power of the board to exchange “underwater” options without shareholder approval. This pertains to the ability of a company to reprice options, not the actual act of repricing described above

   

•  Below market rate loans to officers to exercise their options

   

•  The ability to grant options at less than fair market value;

   

•  Acceleration of vesting automatically upon a change in control

   

•  Excessive compensation (i.e. compensation plans which we deem to be overly dilutive)

 

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    Share Repurchases If a company makes a clear connection between a share repurchase program and its intent to offset dilution created from option plans and the company fully discloses the amount of shares being repurchased, the voting dilution calculation may be adjusted to account for the impact of the buy back.
    Companies will not have any such repurchase plan factored into the dilution calculation if they do not (i) clearly state the intentions of any proposed share buy-back plan, (ii) disclose a definitive number of the shares to be bought back, (iii) specify the range of premium/discount to market price at which a company can repurchase shares, and (iv) disclose the time frame during which the shares will be bought back.
    162(m) Plan Amendments If a plan would not normally meet our criteria described above, but was primarily amended to add specific performance criteria to be used with awards that were designed to qualify for performance-based exception from the tax deductibility limitations of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, then we will support the proposal to amend the plan.

 

   
Employee Stock Option Plans     We generally vote for stock purchase plans with an exercise price of not less than 85 percent of fair market value. However, we take market practice into consideration.
   
Compensation-Related Items     We generally support the following proposals:
   

•  Expansions to reporting of financial or compensation-related information within reason

   

•  Proposals requiring the disclosure of executive retirement benefits if the issuer does not have an independent compensation committee

    We generally vote against the following proposal:
   

•  Retirement bonuses for non-executive directors and auditors

   
Miscellaneous/ Routine Items     We generally support the following miscellaneous/routine governance items:
   

•  Reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election when voting in conjunction with support of a dissident slate

   

•  Opting-out of business combination provision

 

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•  Proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of management

   

•  Liquidation of the company if the company will file for bankruptcy if the proposal is not approved

   

•  Shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote

   

•  General updating of, or corrective amendments to, charter and bylaws not otherwise specifically addressed herein, unless such amendments would reasonably be expected to diminish shareholder rights (e.g. extension of directors’ term limits, amending shareholder vote requirement to amend the charter documents, insufficient information provided as to the reason behind the amendment)

   

•  Change in corporation name

   

•  Mandates that amendments to bylaws or charters have shareholder approval

   

•  Management proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the proposed change is unreasonable

   

•  Repeals, prohibitions or adoption of anti-greenmail provisions

   

•  Management proposals to implement a reverse stock split when the number of authorized shares will be proportionately reduced and proposals to implement a reverse stock split to avoid delisting

   

•  Exclusive forum provisions

    State Street Global Advisors generally does not support the following miscellaneous/ routine governance items:
   

•  Proposals requesting companies to adopt full tenure holding periods for their executives

   

•  Reincorporation to a location that we believe has more negative attributes than its current location of incorporation

   

•  Shareholder proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the current scheduling or location is unreasonable

   

•  Proposals to approve other business when it appears as a voting item

   

•  Proposals giving the board exclusive authority to amend the bylaws

   

•  Proposals to reduce quorum requirements for shareholder meetings below a majority of the shares outstanding unless there are compelling reasons to support the proposal

 

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Risk Management     We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.
    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communications

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan,

Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not

guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are

only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment

performance. Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved. ID1482705-3479916.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Rest of the World

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for the Rest of the World outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in international markets not covered under specific country/regional Guidelines. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    At State Street Global Advisors, we recognize that markets not covered under specific country/regional guidelines, specifically emerging markets, are disparate in their corporate governance frameworks and practices. While they tend to pose broad common governance issues, such as concentrated ownership, poor disclosure of financial and related-party transactions, and weak enforcement of rules and regulation, our Guidelines are designed to identify and to address specific governance concerns across the markets. We also evaluate the various factors that contribute to the corporate governance framework of a country. These factors include, but are not limited to: (i) the macroeconomic conditions and broader political system in a country; (ii) quality of regulatory oversight, enforcement of property and shareholder rights; and (iii) the independence of judiciary.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect all companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as any country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for the Rest of the World address our approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy in Emerging Markets     State Street Global Advisors’ approach to proxy voting and issuer engagement in emerging markets is designed to increase the value of our clients’ investments through the mitigation of governance risks. The overall quality of the corporate governance framework in an emerging market country drives the level of governance risks investors assign to a country. Thus, improving the macro governance framework in a country may help to reduce governance risks and to increase the overall value of our clients’ holdings over time. In order to improve the overall governance framework and practices in a country, members of our Asset Stewardship Team endeavor to engage with representatives from regulatory agencies and stock markets to highlight potential concerns with the macro governance framework of a country. To help mitigate company-specific risk, the State Street Global Advisors Asset Stewardship Team works alongside members of the Active Fundamental and emerging market specialists to engage with emerging market companies on governance issues and address any specific concerns, or to get more information regarding shareholder items that are to be voted on at upcoming shareholder meetings. This integrated approach to engagement drives our proxy voting and engagement philosophy in emerging markets.

 

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Directors and Boards    

Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.

 

We believe that a well-constituted board of directors, with a good balance of skills, expertise and independence, provides the foundation for a well-governed company. However, several factors, such as low overall independence level requirements by market regulators, poor biographical disclosure of director profiles, prevalence of related-party transactions, and the general resistance from controlling shareholders to increase board independence, render the election of directors as one of the most important fiduciary duties we perform in emerging market companies.

   
Board Independence    

We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice and availability of information on director skills and expertise. We expect companies to meet minimum overall board independence standards, as defined in a local corporate governance code or market practice. Therefore, in several countries, we may vote against certain non-independent directors if overall board independence levels do not meet market standards.

 

Our broad criteria for director independence in emerging market companies include factors such as:

 

•  Participation in related-party transactions

 

•  Employment history with company

 

•  Relations with controlling shareholders and employees

 

•  Company classification of a director as non-independent

   
Board Committees     In some countries, market practice calls for the establishment of a board level audit committee. We believe an audit committee should be responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of a company and appointing external auditors. It should also monitor their qualifications, independence, effectiveness and resource levels. Based upon our desire to enhance the quality of financial and accounting oversight provided by independent directors, we expect that listed companies have an audit committee constituted of a majority of independent directors.

 

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Board Gender Diversity    

We expect boards of listed companies in all markets and indices to have at least one female board member. If a company does not meet this expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet this expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.

 

We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for adding at least one woman to its board.

   
Board Responsiveness to High Dissent against Pay Proposals     Poorly structured executive compensation plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high level of dissent against a company’s compensation proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.
   
Climate-related Disclosures    

State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate- related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

 

As such, we may take voting action against companies in the Hang Seng and Straits Times that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.

 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings    

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.

 

Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:

 

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

 

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•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

 

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

 

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

 

If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.

   
Accounting and
Audit-Related Issues
    The disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. As a result, board oversight of internal controls and the independence of the audit process are essential if investors are to rely upon financial statements. We believe that audit committees provide the necessary oversight for the selection and appointment of auditors, the company’s internal controls and the accounting policies, and the overall audit process.
   
Appointment of
External Auditors
    We believe that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or re-appointment at the annual meeting. We believe that it is imperative for audit committees to select outside auditors who are independent from management.
   
Approval of Financial Statements    

We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

 

Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers State Street Global Advisors believes that changes to a company’s capital structure, such as changes in authorized share capital, share repurchase and debt issuances, are critical decisions made by the board. We believe the company should have a business rationale that is consistent with corporate strategy and should not overly dilute its shareholders.

 

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Related-Party Transactions     Most companies in emerging markets have a controlled ownership structure that often includes complex cross-shareholdings between subsidiaries and parent companies (“related companies”). As a result, there is a high prevalence of related-party transactions between the company and its various stakeholders, such as directors and management. In addition, inter-group loan and loan guarantees provided to related companies are some of the other related-party transactions that increase the risk profile of companies. In markets where shareholders are required to approve such transactions, we expect companies to provide details about the transaction, such as its nature, value and purpose. This also encourages independent directors to ratify such transactions. Further, we encourage companies to describe the level of independent board oversight and the approval process, including details of any independent valuations provided by financial advisors on related- party transactions.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     With regard to share repurchase programs, we expect companies to clearly state the business purpose for the program and a definitive number of shares to be repurchased.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions    

Mergers or reorganization of the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals that are in the best interest of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported.

 

We evaluate mergers and structural reorganizations on a case-by-case basis. We generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

•  Offer premium

 

•  Strategic rationale

 

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including director and/ or management conflicts of interest

 

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

 

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

We may vote against a transaction considering the following:

 

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

 

 

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•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

 

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

 

We will actively seek direct dialogue with the board and management of companies that we have identified through our screening processes. Such engagements may lead to further monitoring to ensure the company improves its governance or sustainability practices. In these cases, we believe the engagement process represents the most meaningful opportunity for State Street Global Advisors to protect long-term shareholder value from excessive risk due to poor governance and sustainability practices.

   
Compensation     We consider it to be the board’s responsibility to set appropriate levels of executive remuneration. Despite the differences among the types of plans and the potential awards, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive remuneration: there should be a direct relationship between executive compensation and company performance over the long term. In emerging markets, we encourage companies to disclose information on senior executive remuneration.
 
    Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach. With regard to director remuneration, we support director pay provided the amounts are not excessive relative to other issuers in the market or industry, and are not overly dilutive to existing shareholders.
   
Risk Management     We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with a changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

 

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    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
   

For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at

ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

   
General/Routine Issues     Some of the other issues that are routinely voted on in emerging markets include approving the allocation of income and accepting financial statements and statutory reports. For these voting items, our guidelines consider several factors, such as historical dividend payouts, pending litigation, governmental investigations, charges of fraud, or other indication of significant concerns.

 

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About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan,

Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482392-3479918.3.1.GBL.RTL    0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors

 

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Overview     Our primary fiduciary obligation to our clients is to maximize the long-term returns of their investments. It is our view that material sustainability considerations, including environmental and social (E&S) issues, can present risks and/or opportunities that impact long-term value creation. This philosophy provides the foundation for our value-based approach to Asset Stewardship.
    We regularly identify stewardship priorities that we believe are important for our portfolio companies to consider.
   
Our Approach to Assessing Materiality and Relevance of
E&S Factors
   

While we believe that E&S factors can expose companies to material risks as well as drive long-term value creation, the materiality of specific E&S factors varies across industries, markets, and specific companies. We leverage several inputs to inform our views on the materiality of an E&S issue at a given company, including:

 

•  Established frameworks, including The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board’s (SASB) Standards, the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) Framework, etc.;

 

•  Academic research and other expert insights

 

•  Disclosure expectations required by regulation

 

•  Market expectations for the sector and industry

 

We expect companies to disclose information regarding their approach to identifying and managing material E&S-related risks and opportunities, as well as the board’s oversight of these risks and opportunities.

   
Our Approach to
E&S Factors Through Engagements
    The Asset Stewardship team regularly identifies thematic stewardship priorities that will be addressed across different engagement meetings. We focus on priorities that we consider important to be considered by the portfolio companies in which we invest our clients’ assets. These engagements help us to establish disclosure expectations and to more fully understand the nuanced challenges that companies seek to address related to E&S factors. Establishing robust disclosure expectations allows us to monitor companies’ progress toward alignment with our relevant disclosure expectations, and contributing to our perspectives on our stewardship priority areas.
    Through engagement, we address a broad range of factors that align with our stewardship priorities and seek to foster constructive, long-term relationships with issuers. We view engagements as part of an ongoing dialogue, versus a series of one-off conversations. During conversations with issuers, we share expectations and perspectives on key dimensions of E&S factors, and seek to understand how companies and their boards manage and oversee related risks and opportunities.

 

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    The Use of R-Factor in Engagements
    R-Factor™ is a scoring system created by State Street Global Advisors that measures the performance of a company’s business operations and governance as it relates to material ESG factors facing the company’s industry. State Street Global Advisors may engage with a company regarding its R-Factor™ score at the request of the company.
   
Analyzing E&S Proposals    

When analyzing shareholder proposals related to E&S factors, we consider the following factors:

 

•  The materiality of the E&S factors in the proposal to the company’s business and sector (see “Our Approach to Assessing Materiality and Relevance of E&S Factors” above);

 

•  The content and intent of the proposal, including whether the adoption of such a proposal would provide information to allow investors to better understand risk and opportunities in the context of the company’s disclosure and practices;

 

•  The strength of board oversight of the company’s relevant sustainability practices, as well as responsiveness to engagement;

 

•  Binding nature or prescriptiveness of proposal.

 

For proposal topics for which we have developed guidance, we leverage the specific guidance, found in the Appendix, as a benchmark to analyze a company’s disclosures relative to our expectations for the relevant E&S factor.

 

For proposal topics for which we have not published guidance, we evaluate the company’s determination of materiality of the proposal to the company’s business and operations and the company’s related disclosures.

   
Voting on E&S Proposals    

Below is the approach we follow when voting on E&S shareholder proposals:

 

•  FOR We will consider voting for shareholder proposals that we believe will lead to l increased alignment with our expectations set out in the attached Appendix;

 

•  ABSTAIN We will consider voting abstain when we support some elements of a proposal’s request, or recognize a company’s commitment to implement related disclosure and/or oversight practices;

 

•  AGAINST We will vote against shareholder proposals that we believe are immaterial, overly prescriptive, or would not further our disclosure and oversight expectations, including those set out in the Appendix.

 

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Appendix            
   
Guidance on Common Environmental and Social Proposal Topics     The following provides an overview of State Street Global Advisors’ public guidance related to common environmental and social shareholder proposal topics. We leverage this to inform our analysis of relevant shareholder proposals as it applies to companies in our portfolios.
    Climate Change
   

We expect all companies to provide public disclosures in accordance with the following four pillars of the Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework:

 

1.  Governance;

 

2.  Strategy;

 

3.  Risk Management; and

 

4.  Metrics and Targets.

 

    Additionally, we expect companies in carbon-intensive sectors to disclose:
    Interim greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets to accompany long-term climate ambitions
    Discussion of impacts of scenario-planning on strategy and financial planning
    Incorporation of climate considerations in capital allocation decisions
    Scope 1, 2, and material categories of Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions
    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
    Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
    We expect all companies to provide public disclosure in the following key areas:
   

1.  Board Oversight Describe how the board executes its oversight role in risks and opportunities related to diversity and inclusion;

 

2.  Strategy Articulate the role diversity (of race, ethnicity, and gender, at minimum) plays in the company’s broader human capital management practices and long-term strategy;

 

3.  Goals Describe what diversity, equity, and inclusion-related goals exist, how these goals contribute to the company’s overall strategy, and how they are managed and progressing;

 

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4.  Metrics Provide measures of the diversity of the company’s global employee base and board, including:

   

a. Workforce Employee diversity by race, ethnicity, and gender (at minimum). We expect to see this information to be broken down by industry-relevant employment categories or levels of seniority, for all full-time employees. In the US, companies are expected to at least use the disclosure framework set forth by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s EEO-1 Survey. Non-US companies are encouraged to disclose this information in alignment with SASB guidance and nationally appropriate frameworks; and,

   

b. Board Diversity characteristics, including racial, ethnic, and gender makeup (at minimum) of the board of directors; and

 
   

5.  Board Diversity Articulate goals and strategy related to diverse representation at the board (including race, ethnicity, and gender, at minimum), including how the board reflects the diversity of the company’s workforce, community, customers, and other key stakeholders.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
    Civil Rights Risks
    We expect all companies in the US to provide public disclosure on:
   

1.  Risks related to civil rights, including impact of products, practices, and services on underrepresented communities inside and outside the organization;

   

2.  Plans to manage and mitigate these risks; and

   

3.  Processes at the board for overseeing such risks (e.g., committee responsible, frequency of discussions, etc.).

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review ourrelated guidance.
    Pay Equity
   

We expect all companies in the US and the UK to provide public disclosure on:

   

1.  Adjusted pay gaps related to race and gender within the company (Disclosure of the unadjusted pay gap is also encouraged, but not expected outside of the UK market at this time);

   

2.  Strategy to achieve and maintain pay equity; and

 

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3.  Role of the board in overseeing pay strategies as well as Diversity, Equity and Inclusion efforts.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
 
    Human Rights
    We expect all companies to disclose which processes exist for identifying risks related to human rights. If any material human rights risks are identified, we expect further public disclosure describing:
   

1.  Human rights-related risks the company considers most material;

   

2.  Plans to manage and mitigate these risks;

   

3.  Board oversight of these risks; and

   

4.  Assessment of the effectiveness of the human rights risk management program.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
    Human Capital Management
    We expect all companies to provide public disclosure on:
   

1.  Board oversight Methods outlining how the board oversees human capital-related risks and opportunities;

   

2.  Strategy Approaches to human capital management and how these advance the long-term business strategy;

   

3.  Compensation Strategies throughout the organization that aim to attract and retain employees, and incentivize contribution to an effective human capital strategy;

   

4.  Voice Channels to ensure the concerns and ideas from workers are solicited and acted upon, and how the workforce is engaged and empowered in the organization; and

   

5.  Diversity, equity, and inclusion Efforts to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (see our complementary Guidance on Diversity Disclosures & Practices for additional context).

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.

 

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    Environmental Impacts
    If material risks related to adverse environmental impacts on communities from company operations have been identified, we expect companies to disclose information related to:
   

1.  Adverse environmental impacts on communities the company considers most material, including relevant demographic data where applicable;

   

2.  Management of material risks from company operations, including the role of stakeholders; and

   

3.  Board oversight of such risks.

    Deforestation-Intensive Companies
    We expect companies that have determined deforestation is a material risk to their business and operations to disclose:
   

1.  Strategy to assess and manage deforestation-related risks and opportunities for high-risk commodities in the company’s operations and/or business value chain (e.g., supply chain monitoring and engagement, greenhouse gas emissions linked to deforestation, product certifications, stakeholder engagement);

   

2.  Quantitative and/or qualitative metrics and time-bound targets used to assess and manage risks and opportunities related to high deforestation-risk commodities in the company’s operations and/or business value chain; and

   

3.  Board oversight and accountability for deforestation and/or land use-related risks.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures and leading practices, please review our related insights gained from engaging with our portfolio companies in deforestation-intensive sectors.
    Concealment Clauses
    We expect all companies that use concealment clauses to provide public disclosure on:
   

1.  Description of concealment clauses used (e.g. arbitration, non-disclosure, non-disparagement) in employment and post-employment agreements for direct and contract employees globally;

   

2.  Carveouts enabling employees to speak publicly about experiences of sexual harassment, discrimination, and other unlawful acts; and

   

3.  Board’s role in overseeing the use of concealment clauses.

 

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About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
 
    * Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.
    This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

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State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and

whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association,

Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1483208-3479887.4.1.GBL.RTL    0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines Managing Conflicts of Interest Arising from State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Activity

State Street Corporation has a comprehensive standalone Conflicts of Interest Policy and other policies that address a range of identified conflicts of interests. In addition, State Street Global Advisors, the asset management business of State Street Corporation, maintains a conflicts register that identifies key conflicts and describes systems in place to mitigate the conflicts. This document* is designed to act in conjunction with related policies and practices employed by other groups within the organization. Further, it complements those policies and practices

 

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by providing information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  *

These Managing Conflicts of Interest Arising From State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Activity Guidelines are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc. SSGA Funds Management, Inc. is an SEC-registered investment adviser. SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street make up State Street Global Advisors, the investment management arm of State Street Corporation.

 

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Managing Conflicts of Interest Related to Proxy Voting and Engagement     State Street Global Advisors has implemented processes designed to prevent undue influence on State Street Global Advisors’ voting and engagement activities that may arise from relationships between proxy issuers or companies and State Street Corporation, State Street Global Advisors, State Street Global Advisors affiliates, State Street Global Advisors Funds, or State Street Global Advisors Fund affiliates.
    State Street Global Advisors assigns sole responsibility for the implementation of proxy voting guidelines to members of its Asset Stewardship Team, a team that is independent from other functions within the organization, such as sales and marketing, investment, or client facing teams. Proxy voting is undertaken in accordance with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, regional proxy voting and engagement guidelines and guidance published thereunder by State Street Global Advisors from time to time (the “Voting Policy”), which are reviewed and overseen by the State Street Global Advisors’ ESG Committee (the “ESG Committee”). Any changes to the Voting Policy are communicated to Asset Stewardship Team employees in a timely manner to ensure that they understand the potential impact to their proxy voting activities. In rare circumstances where nuances within specific proxy proposals fall outside of the scope of the Voting Policy, requiring case-by-case analysis, such proposals are escalated to the head of Asset Stewardship and reported to the ESG Committee. Voting consistently with the Voting Policy helps mitigate potential conflicts of interest, as the Voting Policy is determined without reference to any specific entities or relationship.
    Members of the Asset Stewardship Team may from time to time discuss views on proxy voting matters, company performance, strategy, etc. with other State Street Corporation or State Street Global Advisors employees, including portfolio managers, senior executives, and relationship managers. However, final voting decisions are made solely by the Asset Stewardship Team, in accordance with the Voting Policy and in a manner consistent with the best interest of its clients, taking into account various perspectives on risks and opportunities with the goal of maximizing the value of client assets. Except in certain jurisdictions where proxy voting decisions are regularly disclosed prior to voting pursuant to local custom, Asset Stewardship Team employees are generally prohibited from disclosing State Street Global Advisors’ voting decisions prior to the meetings. In addition, State Street Global Advisors generally exercises a single voting decision for each ballot item across the client accounts for which it is responsible for proxy voting regardless of investment strategy.1 In certain cases, where a material conflict of interest is identified, the matter may be referred to the ESG Committee for review.

 

 

 

  1

Exceptions to this unified voting policy are where: (1) State Street Global Advisors has made proxy voting choices (i.e., the State Street Global Advisors proxy voting program) available to investors within a pooled investment vehicle, in which case a pro rata portion of shares held by the fund attributable to investors who choose to participate in the proxy voting program would be voted consistent with the third-party proxy voting policies selected by the investors, and (2) in limited circumstances, certain pooled investment vehicles for which State Street Global Advisors acts as investment manager may, pursuant to their governing documents, utilize proxy voting guidelines developed by third-party advisors.

 

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Other protocols designed to help mitigate potential conflicts of interest include:

 

     

Types of Potential
Conflict

 

 

Stewardship Conflict of Interest Description

 

 

Typical Conflict Mitigation Protocols That We
Employ

 

 
Business relationships   A conflict of interest may arise where, for example, we hold investments in companies with which we, or our affiliates, have material business relationships.   Assigning sole responsibility for the implementation of proxy voting guidelines to members of Asset Stewardship Team and voting in accordance with the Voting Policy are our primary conflict mitigation protocols. Furthermore, the voting rationale is recorded to provide transparency.
 
      Additional mitigation steps may be implemented on a case-by-case basis. This may include, for example, blackout periods for communications with issuers/clients.
     
Equity investments   A conflict of interest may arise where client accounts and/ or State Street Global Advisors pooled funds, where State Street Global Advisors acts as trustee, may hold shares in State Street Corporation or other State Street Global Advisors affiliated entities, such as mutual funds affiliated with SSGA Funds Management, Inc.   Mitigants may include, for example, outsourcing voting decisions relating to a shareholder meeting of State Street Corporation or other State Street Global Advisors affiliated entities to independent outside third parties. In such cases, delegated third parties exercise voting decisions based upon State Street Global Advisors’ Voting Policy.
 
Outside business interest   A conflict of interest may arise where an Asset Stewardship Team employee or a key employee in the firm has an outside business interest (such as a director role in a company we invest in, or in the same industry as we invest).   State Street Global Advisors maintains an Outside Activities Policy and employees must submit a request requiring approval before undertaking any outside activities that are captured by the Outside Activities Policy. The request will be reviewed by the employee’s manager and the Conduct Risk Management Office to ensure compliance with applicable policies and procedures (such as the Global Anti-Corruption Policy and the Standard of Conduct) and ensure potential conflicts are mitigated.
 
      Additional mitigation steps may be implemented on a case-by-case basis. This may include, for example, retaining an independent fiduciary to make a voting decision where State Street Global Advisors believes it may be conflicted from voting due to an employee’s outside business interest.
     
Other personal conflicts   A conflict of interest may arise where a family member or other personal contact of an employee is employed by a company in which we invest.   Mitigation steps may be implemented for personal conflicts on a case-by-case basis. This may include, for example, filing a Personal Conflicts declaration with a mitigation strategy to document how the conflict will be avoided. Such strategies may include, for example, a member of the Asset Stewardship Team with a conflict recusing him/herself from voting and participating in engagement activities at the relevant company, and implementing blackout periods for communications with issuers/clients.

 

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Types of Potential
Conflict

 

 

Stewardship Conflict of Interest Description

 

 

Typical Conflict Mitigation Protocols That We
Employ

 

 
Securities lending   We may lend securities that we hold in one of our portfolios to another financial counterparty. This may create a conflict of interest regarding whether to recall those securities to enable us to vote on behalf of the portfolio in a shareholder resolution, which may impact the intended securities lending income.  

Our approach to securities lending recall, and any potential conflicts that may be created through our securities lending recall activity, is governed by the Securities Lending Recall for Proxy Voting Procedure, which is co-owned by the Asset Stewardship Team, Securities Lending Team and Proxy Operations Group. The conflict mitigation protocols include predefining criteria to systematically recall shares, periodic review of the recall procedure by relevant stakeholders, and periodic reporting of recall activities and associated forgone lending income to the relevant internal governance bodies.

 

 

   
About State Street Global Advisors    

For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.

 

 
    * Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.
    This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

 

 

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin

2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’

Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482714-3479898.4.1.GBL.RTL 0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

State Street Global Advisors’ Global Issuer and Stakeholder Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors has developed engagement guidelines to increase transparency around our engagement philosophy, approach, and processes. These guidelines are designed to communicate with our investee companies regarding the objectives of our engagement activities and to facilitate a better understanding of our preferred terms of engagement. The guidelines also outline our approach to engaging with activist investors and shareholder proposal proponents.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ engagement activities are driven exclusively by our goal to maximize and protect the long-term value of our clients’ assets.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Methodology for Developing its Annual Engagement Strategy     While we would like to maintain a dialogue with all of our portfolio companies, we recognize the need to focus our engagement efforts where we believe we will have maximum impact. Each year, as part of its strategic review process, the Asset Stewardship Team develops an annual engagement strategy, and it accordingly identifies a priority list of companies that we intend to engage with during the year. We focus on priorities that we consider important to be considered by the portfolio companies in which we invest our clients’ assets.
    The intensity and type of engagement with a company is determined by State Street Global Advisors’ relative and absolute holdings in that company. In addition, we factor in geographic diversity in our engagement efforts to reflect the level of economic exposure to various markets. Finally, we also consider the engagement culture in a market or geographic region when developing our engagement priority list and approach.
   

State Street Global Advisors meets with companies through in-person and virtual meetings. We prefer virtual meetings as we believe this is cost effective for our clients and investee companies. This also helps us minimize our global carbon footprint.

 

   
Helpful Information to Include in Engagement Request Emails to State Street Global Advisors    

To help expedite the review of engagement requests, please include the following information in engagement request emails to State Street Global Advisors:

 

•  Company name and identifier (i.e. ticker)

 

•  Topics the issuer is interested in discussing

 

•  Upcoming meeting date, if applicable

 

•  Issuer attendees and their titles

 

All requests for engagement should be sent to the Asset Stewardship Team at GovernanceTeam@ssga.com.

   
Guidelines for Engaging with Investee Companies    

•  During the ‘proxy season’, we prioritize conversations related to companies’ shareholder meetings. In the ‘off-season’, we discuss our focus areas and stewardship priorities with companies for whom these topics are most material.

 

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•  We believe that as a long-term shareholder with substantial holdings, it is important to establish a relationship and have a direct communication channel with independent directors in our investee companies. Therefore, as part of our engagement process, we prefer to meet with the non-executive chairperson/lead independent director and/or representative of key board committees. Such meetings help us assess the quality and effectiveness of the board, the extent of the oversight of management, and the board’s perspectives on key issues, such as strategy, risk, capital allocation, and compensation. It also allows us to escalate matters to the board’s attention if management has been unresponsive to suggestions discussed during prior engagements.

   

•  After our initial meeting with members of the board, the frequency of desired follow-up meetings is determined by the nature of the issues discussed. We will outline expectations and timelines for subsequent meetings during the discussion. We follow similar guidelines for meeting requests with C-suite management representatives at companies.

   

•  Typically, we allow additional capacity for reactive engagement in Q2 for markets such as the US, UK, EU, and Japan (Q4 for Australian companies) where the majority of the companies have general meetings between the months of April and June.

   

•  We reserve the Q1, Q3, and Q4 time periods to conduct the majority of our active engagements with some room for reactive engagement with companies that have experienced a significant event or are seeking approval for a corporate transaction, board transition, or other material concern.

   

•  Instances in which we are likely to accept engagement requests include instances when:

   

– We have concerns about a ballot item; and

   

– We believe that engagement will better inform our voting decision; and/or

   

– We want to discuss material risks with a company

   

•  Instances in which we are likely to decline engagement requests include instances when:

   

– We do not have any immediate concerns about a ballot item

   

– We believe we have adequate information to make an informed voting decision on a ballot item

   

– Our position on a ballot item is addressed in our public policy statement

   

– We have actively engaged with the company on matters pertaining to the ballot proposal outside the ‘proxy season’

 

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– We believe that the matter is best discussed outside the vote solicitation period

   

•  If we have provided feedback during the vote solicitation period, we believe that any follow-up discussion with the company should focus on the board or company’s response to our feedback

   

•  We track all feedback provided to investee companies and routinely conduct follow-up engagements to assess the progress made by a company toward the incorporation of our feedback

   

•  We welcome written submission of changes made by the board to the company’s governance or remuneration policies and practices

 

   
Guidelines for Engaging with Other Investors Soliciting State Street Global Advisors’ Votes in Connection with Vote-No Campaigns or Shareholder Proposals     We believe it is good practice for us to speak to other investors that are running proxy contests, putting forth vote-no campaigns, or proposing shareholder proposals at investee companies. However, we generally limit such discussions with investors to one engagement unless we believe that it is necessary for us to have a follow-up call. We welcome the opportunity to review materials sent in advance of the proposed discussion. To the extent possible, we review all materials made publicly available by the investor or the company on a contested ballot item before making a voting decision. Our primary purpose of engaging with investors is:
   

•  To gain a better understanding of their position or concerns at investee companies.

   

•  In proxy contest situations:

   

– To assess possible director candidates where investors are seeking board representation in proxy contest situations

   

– To understand the investor’s proposed strategy for the company and investment time horizon to assess their alignment with State Street Global Advisors’ views and interests as a long-term shareholder

   

All requests for engagement should be sent to GovernanceTeam@ssga.com.

 

   

Investor Engagement Protocol

   

State Street Global Advisors encourages boards of directors to develop an investor engagement protocol or plan that establishes policies and mechanisms through which independent directors communicate with and receive feedback from institutional investors. The protocol would help foster strong relationships between a company’s directors and its investors, while promoting transparency, responsibility, and accountability of the board.

 

 

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The protocol should identify key independent directors (such as a non-executive chairman, lead independent director, or a representative of a key board committee), who would be mandated to engage with shareholders on a range of topics that are of interest to State Street Global Advisors and/or other institutional investors. A robust engagement protocol would also develop a crisis communication plan for the board when institutional investors and the market-at- large need to communicate with independent directors, in a timely manner, about their oversight and response to a developing concern facing the company.

 

   
Requesting R-Factor™ Scores     Companies interested in receiving their R-Factor™ scores should submit an email request to myrfactorscore@ssga.com including the following information:
   

•  Company’s legal name

   

•  Ticker

   

•  ISIN

   

•  Company’s headquarter location

   

•  Contact name

   

•  Contact’s Title at Company

   

•  Contact email address (must be an official company email address)

   

•  Contact phone#

   

Please note that R-Factor™ scores will be provided only to employees affiliated with a company’s Investor Relations, Chief Financial Officer, ESG/Sustainability Leadership or General Secretary’s organizations. Please include attestation in your email stating that you are affiliated with one of these functions.

 

   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion† under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

   

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

 

 

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78

Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin

2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81- 3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’

Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

C-120


LOGO

 

 

 

The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed.

There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring

model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482720-3479897.3.1.GBL.RTL    0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

C-121


PART B
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio II
One Iron Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02210
(877) 521-4083
April 30, 2023
ITEM 14. COVER PAGE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS
State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust (the Trust) is a registered open-end management investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust offering shares of beneficial interest in separate investment portfolios. Each series of the Trust is diversified as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), and is subject to the procedural and substantive requirements of the 1940 Act.
This Part B of the Registration Statement (the Part B) relates to the information contained in Part A of the Trust's Registration Statement dated April 30, 2023 as further amended from time to time thereafter for the State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio II (Portfolio II or the Portfolio).
This Part B is not a Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Part A and the Confidential Offering Memorandum relating to the Portfolio, which may be obtained by telephoning or writing the Trust at the number or address shown above.
The Portfolio's audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, including the independent registered public accounting firm's report thereon, are included in the Trust's Annual Report to Shareholders, which was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on March 8, 2023, and are incorporated into this Part B by reference. A copy of the Annual Report is available, without charge, upon request, by calling (collect calls are accepted) the number shown above.
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ITEM 15. TRUST HISTORY
The Trust was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on June 15, 1995.
ITEM 16. DESCRIPTION OF THE PORTFOLIO AND ITS INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The Portfolio is an open-end, diversified, management investment company. The Portfolio's investment adviser is SSGA Fund's Management, Inc. (the Adviser or SSGA). The Portfolio's Part A contains information about the investment objective and policies of the Portfolio. This Part B should only be read in conjunction with the Part A of the Portfolio. In addition to the principal investment strategies and the principal risks of the Portfolio described in Part A, the Portfolio may employ other investment practices and may be subject to additional risks, which are described below.
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS AND RISKS
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and restrictions, the Portfolio may invest in the following instruments and use the following techniques, and is subject to the following additional risks.
Bonds
The Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets in bonds. A bond is an interest-bearing security issued by a company, governmental unit or, in some cases, a non-U.S. entity. The issuer of a bond has a contractual obligation to pay interest at a stated rate on specific dates and to repay principal (the bond's face value) periodically or on a specified maturity date; provided, however, a zero-coupon bond pays no interest to its holder during its life. The value of a zero-coupon bond to the Portfolio consists of the difference between such bond's face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was acquired, which may be an amount significantly less than its face value (sometimes referred to as a deep discount price).
An issuer may have the right to redeem or call a bond before maturity, in which case the shareholder may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower market rates. Most bonds bear interest income at a coupon rate that is fixed for the life of the bond. The value of a fixed rate bond usually rises when market interest rates fall, and falls when market interest rates rise. Accordingly, a fixed rate bond's yield (income as a percent of the bond's current value) may differ from its coupon rate as its value rises or falls. Fixed rate bonds generally are also subject to inflation risk, which is the risk that the value of the bond or income from the bond will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. This could mean that, as inflation increases, the real value of the assets of the Portfolio holding fixed rate bonds can decline, as can the value of the Portfolio's distributions. Other types of bonds bear income at an interest rate that is adjusted periodically. Because of their adjustable interest rates, the value of floating-rate or variable-rate bonds fluctuates much less in response to market interest rate movements than the value of fixed rate bonds. The Portfolio may treat some of these bonds as having a shorter maturity for purposes of calculating the weighted average maturity of its investment portfolio. Bonds may be senior or subordinated obligations. Senior obligations generally have the first claim on a corporation's earnings and assets and, in the event of liquidation, are paid before subordinated obligations. Bonds may be unsecured (backed only by the issuer's general creditworthiness) or secured (also backed by specified collateral).
The investment return of corporate bonds reflects interest on the bond and changes in the market value of the bond. The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation's performance and perceptions of the corporation in the market place. There is a risk that the issuers of the securities may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by such a security.
Custodial Risk
There are risks involved in dealing with the custodians or brokers who hold the Portfolio's investments or settle the Portfolio's trades. It is possible that, in the event of the insolvency or bankruptcy of a custodian or broker, the Portfolio would be delayed or prevented from recovering its assets from the custodian or broker, or its estate, and may have only a general unsecured claim against the custodian or broker for those assets. In recent insolvencies of brokers or other financial institutions, the ability of certain customers to recover their assets from the insolvent's estate has been delayed, limited, or prevented, often unpredictably, and there is no assurance that any assets held by the Portfolio with a custodian or broker will be readily recoverable by the Portfolio. In addition, there may be limited recourse against non-U.S. sub-custodians in those situations in which the Portfolio invests in markets where custodial and/or settlement systems and regulations are not fully developed, including emerging markets, and the assets of the Portfolio have been entrusted to such sub-custodians. The Adviser or an affiliate may serve as the custodian of the Portfolio.
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Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit (ECDs), Eurodollar Time Deposits (ETDs) and Yankee Certificates of Deposit (YCDs)
The Portfolio may invest in ECDs, ETDs and YCDs. ECDs and ETDs are U.S. dollar denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits, respectively, issued by non-U.S. branches of domestic banks and non-U.S. banks. YCDs are U.S. dollar denominated certificates of deposit issued by U.S. branches of non-U.S. banks.
Different risks than those associated with the obligations of domestic banks may exist for ECDs, ETDs and YCDs because the banks issuing these instruments, or their domestic or non-U.S. branches, are not necessarily subject to the same regulatory requirements that apply to domestic banks, such as loan limitations, examinations, and reserve, accounting, auditing, recordkeeping and public reporting requirements. Obligations of non-U.S. issuers also involve risks such as future unfavorable political and economic developments, withholding or other tax, seizures of non-U.S. deposits, currency controls, interest limitations, and other governmental restrictions that might affect repayment of principal or payment of interest, or the ability to honor a credit commitment.
Forward Commitments
The Portfolio may invest in forward commitments. The Portfolio may contract to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time consistent with the Portfolio's ability to manage its investment portfolio and meet redemption requests. The Portfolio may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement if it is appropriate to do so and realize short-term profits or losses upon such sale. Forward commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, or if the other party fails to complete the transaction.
Illiquid Securities
The Portfolio may invest in illiquid investments. The absence of a regular trading market for illiquid investments imposes additional risks on investments in these securities. Illiquid investments may be difficult to value and may often be disposed of only after considerable expense and delay.
The SEC has adopted a liquidity risk management rule (the Liquidity Rule) that requires the Portfolio to establish a liquidity risk management program (the LRMP). The Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees (defined infra), have designated the Adviser to administer the Portfolio's LRMP. Under the LRMP, the Adviser assesses, manages, and periodically reviews the Portfolio's liquidity risk. The Liquidity Rule defines liquidity risk as the risk that the Portfolio could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Portfolio without significant dilution of remaining investors' interests in the Portfolio. The liquidity of the Portfolio's portfolio investments is determined based on relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations under the LRMP. To the extent that an investment is deemed to be an illiquid investment or a less liquid investment, the Portfolio can expect to be exposed to greater liquidity risk. While the liquidity risk management program attempts to assess and manage liquidity risk, there is no guarantee it will be effective in its operations and may not reduce the liquidity risk inherent in the Portfolio's investments.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk
The Portfolio is subject to the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. War, terrorism, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, epidemics or pandemics and systemic market dislocations may be highly disruptive to economies and markets. Those events, as well as other changes in non-U.S. and domestic economic and political conditions, also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Portfolio's investments. Given the increasing interdependence between global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region might adversely impact markets, issuers and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. Continuing uncertainty as to the status of the Euro and the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (the EMU) has created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU, or any continued uncertainty as to its status, could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Portfolio's investments. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) formally withdrew from the European Union (EU) (commonly known as Brexit). An agreement between the UK and the EU governing their future trade relationship became effective January 1, 2021, but critical aspects of the relationship remain unresolved and subject to further negotiation and agreement. There is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences
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associated with the exit, including whether the U.K.'s exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU. Brexit may have a significant impact on the U.K., Europe, and global economies, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth in markets in the U.K., Europe and globally, which may adversely affect the value of the Portfolio's investments.
Securities markets may be susceptible to market manipulation (e.g., the potential manipulation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)) or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the value of investments traded in these markets, including investments of the Portfolio.
Many financial instruments use or may use a floating rate based on LIBOR, which is the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks. In 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced its intention to cease compelling banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR after 2021. ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator of LIBOR, ceased publication of most LIBOR settings on a representative basis at the end of 2021 and is expected to cease publication of a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on a representative basis after June 30, 2023. In addition, global regulators have announced that, with limited exceptions, no new LIBOR-based contracts should be entered into after 2021.
The transition away from and elimination of LIBOR may adversely affect the interest rates on, and value of, certain investments for which the value is tied to LIBOR. Such investments may include bank loans, derivatives, floating rate securities, and other assets or liabilities tied to LIBOR. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR and the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate for GBP LIBOR). Various financial industry groups have been planning for the transition away from LIBOR. Markets are slowly developing in response to these new rates. Questions around liquidity impacted by these rates, and how to appropriately adjust these rates at the time of transition, remain a concern for the Portfolio.
The effect of any changes to, or discontinuation of, LIBOR on the Portfolio will vary depending on, among other things, (1) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (2) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products and instruments. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on the Portfolio until new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products, instruments and contracts are commercially accepted.
Recent political activity in the U.S. has increased the risk that the U.S. could default on some or any of its obligations. While it is impossible to predict the consequences of such an unprecedented event, it is likely that a default by the U.S. would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the Portfolio's investments. Similarly, political events within the U.S. at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of the Portfolio investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the U.S. or other securities markets.
To the extent the Portfolio has focused its investments in the stock market index of a particular region, adverse geopolitical and other events could have a disproportionate impact on the Portfolio.
Market Turbulence Resulting from COVID-19
An outbreak of a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus first detected in China in December 2019 has spread globally. In an organized attempt to contain and mitigate the effects of the spread of the coronavirus known as COVID-19, governments and businesses world-wide have taken aggressive measures, including closing borders, restricting international and domestic travel, and the imposition of prolonged quarantines of large populations. Although the long-term effects of COVID-19 are difficult to predict, it has resulted in, and may continue to result in, the disruption of and delays in the delivery of healthcare services and processes, the cancellation of organized events and educational institutions, the disruption of production and supply chains, a decline in consumer demand for certain goods and services, and general concern and uncertainty, all of which have contributed to, and may continue to contribute to, increased volatility in global markets. The continuing effects of COVID-19 may affect certain sectors and industries more dramatically than others, which may adversely affect the value of a Portfolio's investments in those sectors or industries. COVID-19, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could adversely affect the economies of many nations, the global economy, individual companies and capital markets in ways that cannot be foreseen at the present time. In addition, the impact of infectious diseases in developing or emerging market countries may be greater due to limited health care resources. Political, economic and social stresses caused by COVID-19 also may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries. The duration of COVID-19 and its effects cannot be determined at this time, but the effects could be present for an extended period of time.
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Mortgage-Related Securities
The Portfolio may invest in mortgage-related securities. Mortgage-related securities represent an interest in a pool of, or are secured by, mortgage loans. Mortgage-related securities may be issued or guaranteed by (i) U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities such as the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA or Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA or Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC or Freddie Mac) or (ii) other issuers, including private companies.
Many mortgage-related securities provide regular payments, which consist of interest and, in most cases, principal. In contrast, other forms of debt securities normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. In effect, payments on many mortgage-related securities are a pass-through of the payments made by the individual borrowers on their mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities.
Besides the scheduled repayment of principal, repayments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans. If property owners make unscheduled prepayments of their mortgage loans, these prepayments will typically result in early payment of the applicable mortgage-related securities. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by a variety of factors, including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage, and other social and demographic conditions. During periods of falling interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments tends to increase, thereby tending to decrease the life of mortgage-related securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the rate of mortgage prepayments usually decreases, thereby tending to increase the life of mortgage-related securities.
Because of the possibility of prepayments (and due to scheduled repayments of principal), mortgage-related securities are less effective than other types of securities as a means of locking in attractive long-term interest rates. Prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower rates. As a result, these securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayments may also significantly shorten the effective maturities of these securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturities of these securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing the volatility of the Portfolio.
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) may be issued by a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality or by a private issuer. CMOs are typically structured with classes or series that have different maturities and are generally retired in sequence. Each class of obligations receives periodic interest payments according to its terms. However, monthly principal payments and any prepayments from the collateral pool are generally paid first to the holders of the most senior class. Thereafter, payments of principal are generally allocated to the next most senior class of obligations until that class of obligations has been fully repaid. Any or all classes of obligations of a CMO may be paid off sooner than expected because of an increase in the payoff speed of the pool. Changes in prepayment rates may have significant effects on the values and the volatility of the various classes and series of a CMO. Payment of interest or principal on some classes or series of a CMO may be subject to contingencies or some classes or series may bear some or all of the risk of default on the underlying mortgages.
Stripped mortgage-related securities are usually structured with two classes that receive different portions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage loans. The yield to maturity on an interest only or IO class of stripped mortgage-related securities is extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying assets. A rapid rate of principal prepayments may have a measurable adverse effect on the Portfolio's yield to maturity to the extent it invests in IOs. If the assets underlying the IO experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Portfolio may fail to recoup fully, or at all, its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, principal only securities or POs tend to increase in value if prepayments are greater than anticipated and decline if prepayments are slower than anticipated. The secondary market for stripped mortgage-related securities may be more volatile and less liquid than that for other mortgage-related securities, potentially limiting a Portfolio's ability to buy or sell those securities at any particular time.
Government Mortgage-Related Securities
GNMA is the principal federal government guarantor of mortgage-related securities. GNMA is a wholly -owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-related securities.
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GNMA pass-through securities are considered to have a relatively low risk of default in that (1) the underlying mortgage loan portfolio is comprised entirely of government-backed loans and (2) the timely payment of both principal and interest on the securities is guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, regardless of whether they have been collected. GNMA pass-through securities are, however, subject to the same interest rate risk as comparable privately issued mortgage-related securities. Therefore, the effective maturity and market value of a Portfolio's GNMA securities can be expected to fluctuate in response to changes in interest rate levels.
Residential mortgage loans are also pooled by FHLMC, a corporate instrumentality of the U.S. Government. The mortgage loans in FHLMC's portfolio are not government backed; FHLMC, not the U.S. Government, guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on FHLMC securities. FHLMC also issues guaranteed mortgage certificates, on which it guarantees semiannual interest payments and a specified minimum annual payment of principal.
FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers, which include savings and loan associations, savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest only by FNMA, not the U.S. Government.
Other Asset-Backed Securities
In addition to the mortgage related securities discussed above, the Portfolio may invest in asset-backed securities that are not mortgage-related. Asset-backed securities other than mortgage-related securities represent undivided fractional interests in pools of instruments, such as consumer loans, and are typically similar in structure to mortgage-related pass-through securities. Payments of principal and interest are passed through to holders of the securities and are typically supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guarantee by another entity, or by priority to certain of the borrower's other securities. The degree of credit-enhancement, if any, varies, applying only until exhausted and generally covering only a fraction of the security's par value.
The value of such asset-backed securities is affected by changes in the market's perception of the asset backing the security, changes in the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the instrument pool, the originator of the instruments, or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement and the expenditure of any portion of any credit enhancement. The risks of investing in asset-backed securities are ultimately dependent upon payment of the underlying instruments by the obligors, and the Portfolio would generally have no recourse against the obligee of the instruments in the event of default by an obligor. The underlying instruments are subject to prepayments, which shorten the duration of asset-backed securities and may lower their return, in generally the same manner as described above for prepayments of pools of mortgage loans underlying mortgage-related securities.
Repurchase Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements, which are a form of borrowing, with banks, other financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, and other institutional counterparties. Under a repurchase agreement, the Portfolio purchases securities from a financial institution that agrees to repurchase the securities at the Portfolio's original purchase price plus interest within a specified time. The Portfolio will limit repurchase transactions to those member banks of the Federal Reserve System, broker-dealers, and other financial institutions whose creditworthiness the Adviser considers satisfactory. Should the counterparty to a transaction fail financially, the Portfolio may encounter delay and incur costs before being able to sell the securities, or may be prevented from realizing on the securities. Further, the amount realized upon the sale of the securities may be less than that necessary to fully compensate the Portfolio.
Risks Associated with Derivatives Regulation
The U.S. government has enacted and is continuing to implement legislation that provides for new regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (the U.K.) and some other countries have also adopted and are continuing to implement similar requirements, which will affect the Portfolio when it enters into a derivatives transaction with a counterparty organized in that country or otherwise subject to that country's derivatives regulations. Such rules and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, restrict the Portfolio's ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Portfolio of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Portfolio, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. While the rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the
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interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Portfolio to new kinds of costs and risks.
For example, in the event of a counterparty's (or its affiliate's) insolvency, the Portfolio's ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under new special resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the EU, the U.K. and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, with respect to counterparties who are subject to such proceedings in the EU and the U.K., the liabilities of such counterparties to the Portfolio could be reduced, eliminated, or converted to equity in such counterparties (sometimes referred to as a bail in).
The SEC has adopted new Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act providing for the regulation of registered investment companies' use of derivatives and certain related instruments. The new rule, among other things, limits derivatives exposure through one of two value-at-risk tests and eliminates the asset segregation framework for covering derivatives and certain financial instruments arising from the SEC's Release 10666 and ensuing staff guidance. The rule also requires funds to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program (including the appointment of a derivatives risk manager and the implementation of certain testing requirements) and subjects funds to certain reporting requirements in respect of derivatives. Limited derivatives users (as determined by Rule 18f-4) are not, however, subject to the full requirements under the rule.
Additionally, U.S. regulators, the EU, the U.K. and certain other jurisdictions have adopted minimum margin and capital requirements for uncleared derivatives transactions. It is expected that these regulations will have a material impact on the Portfolio's use of uncleared derivatives. These rules impose minimum margin requirements on derivatives transactions between the Portfolio and its counterparties. They impose regulatory requirements on the timing of transferring margin and the types of collateral that parties are permitted to exchange.
These and other regulations are relatively new and evolving, so their full impact on the Portfolio and the financial system are not yet known.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into reverse repurchase agreements. Under reverse repurchase agreements, which are a form of borrowing, the Portfolio transfers possession of portfolio securities to financial institutions in return for cash in an amount equal to a percentage of the portfolio securities' market value and agrees to repurchase the securities at a future date by repaying the cash with interest. The Portfolio retains the right to receive interest and principal payments from the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities sold by the Portfolio may decline below the price at which it is obligated to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the buyer of the securities sold might be unable to deliver them when the Portfolio seeks to repurchase the securities. If the buyer files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Portfolio may be delayed or prevented from recovering the security that it sold.
Russia Sanctions Risk
Sanctions threatened or imposed by a number of jurisdictions, including the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom, and other intergovernmental actions that have been or may be undertaken in the future, against Russia, Russian entities or Russian individuals, may result in the devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country's credit rating, an immediate freeze of Russian assets, a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, property or interests, and/or other adverse consequences to the Russian economy or the Portfolio. The scope and scale of sanctions in place at a particular time may be expanded or otherwise modified in a way that have negative effects on the Portfolio. Sanctions, or the threat of new or modified sanctions, could impair the ability of the Portfolio to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver or otherwise transact in certain affected securities or other investment instruments. Sanctions could also result in Russia taking counter measures or other actions in response, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities. These sanctions, and the resulting disruption of the Russian economy, may cause volatility in other regional and global markets and may negatively impact the performance of various sectors and industries, as well as companies in other countries, which could have a negative effect on the performance of the Portfolio, even if the Portfolio does not have direct exposure to securities of Russian issuers. As a collective result of the imposition of sanctions, Russian government countermeasures and the impact that they have had on the trading markets for Russian securities, certain Portfolios have used, and may in the future use, fair valuation procedures approved by the Portfolio's Board to value certain Russian securities, which could result in such securities being deemed to have a zero value.
8

Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper/Rule 144A Securities
The Portfolio may invest in commercial paper issued in reliance on the so called private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act) (Section 4(a)(2) paper).
Section 4(a)(2) paper is restricted as to disposition under the federal securities laws and generally is sold to investors who agree that they are purchasing the paper for investment and not with a view to public distribution. Any resale by the purchaser must be a transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act. Section 4(a)(2) paper normally is resold to other institutional investors like the Portfolio through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers that make a market in Section 4(a)(2) paper. Rule 144A securities generally must be sold only to other institutional investors.
There can be no assurance that a liquid trading market will exist at any time for any particular Section 4(a)(2) paper or Rule 144A securities.
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities
The Portfolio may invest in Inflation-Protection Securities (TIPSs), a type of inflation-indexed Treasury security. TIPSs typically provide for semiannual payments of interest and a payment of principal at maturity. In general, each payment will be adjusted to take into account any inflation or deflation that occurs between the issue date of the security and the payment date based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Each semiannual payment of interest will be determined by multiplying a single fixed rate of interest by the inflation-adjusted principal amount of the security for the date of the interest payment. Thus, although the interest rate will be fixed, the amount of each interest payment will vary with changes in the principal of the security as adjusted for inflation and deflation.
TIPSs also provide for an additional payment (a minimum guarantee payment) at maturity if the security's inflation-adjusted principal amount for the maturity date is less than the security's principal amount at issuance. The amount of the additional payment will equal the excess of the security's principal amount at issuance over the security's inflation-adjusted principal amount for the maturity date.
U.S. Government Securities
The Portfolio may purchase U.S. Government securities. The types of U.S. Government obligations in which the Portfolio may at times invest include: (1) U.S. Treasury obligations and (2) obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities, which are supported by any of the following: (a) the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, (b) the right of the issuer to borrow an amount limited to a specific line of credit from the U.S. Treasury, (c) discretionary authority of the U.S. Government agency or instrumentality, or (d) the credit of the instrumentality (examples of agencies and instrumentalities are: Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration, Federal Farm Credit Bank, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, General Services Administration, Maritime Administration, Tennessee Development Bank, Asian-American Development Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Federal National Mortgage Association). No assurance can be given that in the future the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government securities it is not obligated to support.
The Portfolio may purchase U.S. Government obligations on a forward commitment basis.
Variable Amount Master Demand Notes
The Portfolio may invest in variable amount master demand notes, which are unsecured obligations that are redeemable upon demand and are typically unrated. These instruments are issued pursuant to written agreements between their issuers and holders. The agreements permit the holders to increase (subject to an agreed maximum) and the holders and issuers to decrease the principal amount of the notes, and specify that the rate of interest payable on the principal fluctuates according to an agreed formula. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a smaller effect on the market value of these securities than on the market value of comparable fixed income obligations. Thus, investing in these securities generally allows less opportunity for capital appreciation and depreciation than investing in comparable fixed income securities. There may be no active secondary market with respect to a particular variable rate instrument.
9

Variable and Floating Rate Securities
The Portfolio may invest in variable and floating rate securities. Variable rate securities are instruments issued or guaranteed by entities such as (1) U.S. Government, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, (2) corporations, (3) financial institutions, (4) insurance companies or (5) trusts that have a rate of interest subject to adjustment at regular intervals. A variable rate security provides for the automatic establishment of a new interest rate on set dates. Interest rates on these securities are ordinarily tied to widely recognized market rates, which are typically set once a day. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a smaller effect on the market value of variable and floating rate securities than on the market value of comparable fixed income obligations. Variable rate obligations will be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate.
Variable Rate Demand Obligations
The Portfolio may invest in variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs). A VRDO is a tax-exempt municipal obligation with an interest rate that adjusts periodically according to a formula and a demand feature giving the holder of the VRDO the right to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest upon no more than seven days' notice. The interest rate on a VRDO is adjusted at intervals (ranging from daily to up to one year) according to a formula based on a prevailing market rate for similar investments. The adjustment formula is designed to maintain the market rate of the VRDO at approximately the par value of the VRDO on the adjustment date. During periods of declining interest rates, the Portfolio's yield on a VRDO will decrease, and during periods of rising interest rates, the Portfolio's yield on a VRDO will increase. The demand feature of a VRDO may not be honored in the event of the default or insolvency of the counterparty granting the right of demand. Like other municipal securities, the market for VRDOs may be less liquid than for taxable bonds. This means that it may be harder to buy and sell municipal securities, especially on short notice, than non-municipal securities. In addition, the municipal securities market is generally characterized as a buy and hold investment strategy. As a result, the accessibility of municipal securities in the market is generally greater closer to the original date of issue of the securities and lessens as the securities move further away from such issuance date.
When-Issued Securities
The Portfolio may purchase securities on a when-issued basis. Delivery of and payment for these securities may take place as long as a month or more after the date of the purchase commitment. The value of these securities is subject to market fluctuation during this period, and no income accrues to the Portfolio until settlement takes place. When entering into a when-issued transaction, the Portfolio will rely on the other party to consummate the transaction; if the other party fails to do so, the Portfolio may be disadvantaged. The Portfolio will not invest more than 25% of its net assets in when-issued securities. Securities purchased on a when-issued basis and held by the Portfolio are subject to changes in market value based upon actual or perceived changes in the level of interest rates. Generally, the value of such securities will fluctuate inversely to changes in interest rates — i.e., they will appreciate in value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Therefore, if, in order to achieve higher interest income, the Portfolio remains substantially fully invested at the same time that it has purchased securities on a when-issued basis, there will be a greater possibility of fluctuation in the Portfolio's net asset value (NAV).
Zero-Coupon Securities
The Portfolio may invest in zero-coupon securities. Zero-coupon securities are notes, bonds and debentures that: (1) do not pay current interest and are issued at a substantial discount from par value; (2) have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons and receipts; or (3) pay no interest until a stated date one or more years into the future. These securities also include certificates representing interests in such stripped coupons and receipts. Generally, changes in interest rates will have a greater impact on the market value of a zero-coupon security than on the market value of the comparable securities that pay interest periodically during the life of the instrument. In the case of any zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are treated as issued originally at a discount, the Portfolio will be required to accrue original issue discount (OID) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and may as a result be required to pay out as an income distribution an amount, which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Portfolio actually received. The Portfolio may be required to sell investments in order to meet such distribution requirements, including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so.
The Portfolio may invest no more than 25% of its total assets in stripped securities that have been stripped by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. A number of securities firms and banks have stripped the interest coupons and resold them in custodian receipt programs with different names. Privately-issued stripped securities are not themselves guaranteed by the U.S. Government, but the future payment of principal or interest on U.S. Treasury obligations, which they represent, is so guaranteed.
10

Fundamental Investment Restrictions
The Trust has adopted the following fundamental investment policies with respect to the Portfolio, which may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the shareholders of the Portfolio. A majority of the outstanding voting securities is defined in the 1940 Act to mean the affirmative vote of the lesser of: (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a portfolio; and (2) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present at the meeting in person or by proxy.
1.
The Portfolio may borrow money and issue senior securities to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.
2.
The Portfolio may make loans, including to affiliated companies, to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.
3.
The Portfolio may purchase or sell commodities to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.
4.
The Portfolio may purchase, sell or hold real estate to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.
5.
The Portfolio may underwrite securities to the extent consistent with applicable law from time to time.
6.
The Portfolio may not purchase any security if, as a result, 25% or more of the Portfolio's total assets (taken at current value) would be invested in a particular industry (for purposes of this restriction, investment companies are not considered to constitute a particular industry or group of industries), except as is consistent with applicable law from time to time and as follows: the Portfolio is permitted to invest without limit in government securities (as defined in the 1940 Act), tax-exempt securities issued by a U.S. territory or possession, a state or local government, or a political subdivision of any of the foregoing and bankers' acceptances, certificates of deposit and similar instruments issued by: (i) U.S. banks, (ii) U.S. branches of foreign banks (in circumstances in which the Adviser determines that the U.S. branches of foreign banks are subject to the same regulation as U.S. banks), (iii) foreign branches of U.S. banks (in circumstances in which the Adviser determines that the Portfolio will have recourse to the U.S. bank for the obligations of the foreign branch), and (iv) foreign branches of foreign banks (to the extent that the Adviser determines that the foreign branches of foreign banks are subject to the same or substantially similar regulations as U.S. banks).
With respect to investment policy on concentration (#6 above), the Portfolio may concentrate in bankers' acceptances, certificates of deposit and similar instruments when, in the opinion of the Adviser, the yield, marketability and availability of investments meeting the Portfolio's quality standards in the banking industry justify any additional risks associated with the concentration of the Portfolio's assets in such industry.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions (1) through (5), as numbered above limit the Portfolio's ability to engage in certain investment practices and purchase securities or other instruments to the extent consistent with applicable law as that law changes from time to time. Applicable law includes the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder and applicable orders of SEC as are currently in place. In addition, interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff may be taken into account, where deemed appropriate by the Portfolio, to determine if an investment practice or the purchase of securities or other instruments is permitted by applicable law. As such, the effects of these limitations will change as the statute, rules, regulations or orders (or, if applicable, interpretations) change, and no shareholder vote will be required or sought when such changes permit or require a resulting change in practice.
Except for the investment restrictions expressly identified as fundamental the other investment policies described in this Part B or in the Part A are not fundamental and may be changed by approval of the Trustees without shareholder approval.
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The Trust's Policies on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings (Disclosure Policy) are intended to ensure compliance by the Trust's service providers and the Trust with (1) applicable regulations of the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and (2) general principles of fiduciary duty relating to client accounts. The Portfolio's Board of Trustees (the Board and each member thereof, a Trustee) must approve all material amendments to this policy and may amend this policy from time to time.
The Trust may disclose the securities holdings of the Portfolio on a daily basis to shareholders and to investors eligible to invest in the Portfolio, provided that those investors (Eligible Investors) are a party to a currently effective securities lending agency agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street). Information regarding holdings of
11

the Portfolio and other online reports are available electronically on a daily basis to shareholders of the Trust and Eligible Investors with a one-day lag through State Street's web portal, www.my.statestreet.com. The Trust may also disclose holdings of the Portfolio (i) to the extent required by law; (ii) to the Trust's service providers who generally need access to such information in the performance of their contractual duties and responsibilities, such as the Trustees of the Trust, the Trust's investment adviser, custodian, fund accountant, administrator, independent public accountants, attorneys, and each of their respective affiliates and advisers, and are subject to duties of confidentiality imposed by law and/or contract; and (iii) to broker-dealers to facilitate trading.
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Board and SSGA FM may, on a case-by-case basis, impose restrictions on the disclosure of portfolio holdings information, including, without limitation, suspension or cessation of disclosure of holdings information of the Trust or the Portfolio.
Waivers of Restrictions
The Disclosure Policy may not be waived, or exceptions made, without the written consent of an officer of the Trust. No waiver or exception may be granted unless the person or entity benefiting thereby agrees in writing to maintain the confidentiality of information disclosed and to use such information solely in connection with its decisions relating to participation in a Securities Lending Program. All waivers and exceptions involving the Trust will be disclosed to the Board no later than its next regularly scheduled quarterly meeting.
ITEM 17. MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The Board is responsible for overseeing generally the management, activities and affairs of the Portfolio and has approved contracts with various organizations to provide, among other services, day-to-day management required by the Trust (see the section called Investment Advisory and Other Services). The Board has engaged the Adviser to manage the Portfolio on a day-to day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers in the operation of the Trust in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable Massachusetts law and regulation, other applicable laws and regulations, and the Second Amended and Restated Master Trust Agreement. The Trustees listed below are also Trustees of the SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust , Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Tax-Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund and Elfun Trusts (collectively, the Elfun Funds), State Street Institutional Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc., and their respective series. The following table provides information with respect to each Trustee, including those Trustees who are not considered to be interested as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (the Independent Trustees), and each officer of the Trust.
12

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
and Relevant
Experience
Number of
Funds in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee†
Other
Directorships
Held By Trustee
During Past Five
Years
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES
 
PATRICK J. RILEY
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB:1948
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Board
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
4/16 Elected:
6/16
Associate Justice of the
Superior Court,
Commonwealth of
Massachusetts (2002 –
May 2010); Partner,
Riley, Burke & Donahue,
L.L.P. (law firm) (1985 –
2002); Independent
Director, State Street
Global Advisors Europe
Limited (investment
company) (1998 –
present); Independent
Director, SSGA Liquidity
plc (formerly, SSGA
Cash Management Fund
plc) (1998 – present);
Independent Director,
SSGA Fixed Income plc
) (January 2009 –
present); and
Independent Director,
SSGA Qualified Funds
PLC (January 2009 -
2019).
54
Board Director and
Chairman, SPDR
Europe 1PLC Board
(2011 - present); Board
Director and Chairman,
SPDR Europe II, PLC
(2013 - present).
JOHN R. COSTANTINO
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1946
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Qualified
Legal
Compliance
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Elected:
12/18
Senior Advisor to NGN
Capital LLC (January
2020 – present);
Managing General
Partner, NGN Capital
LLC (2006 – December
2019).
54
Director of Kleinfeld
Bridal Corp. (January
2016 – present); Trustee
of Neuroscience
Research Institute (1986
– 2017); Trustee of
Fordham University
(1989 – 1995 and 2001
– 2007) and Trustee
Emeritus (2007 –
present); Trustee and
Independent
Chairperson of GE
Funds (1993 – February
2011); Director,
Muscular Dystrophy
Association (2019 –
present); Trustee of
Gregorian University
Foundation (1992 –
2007); Chairman of the
Board of Directors,
Vivaldi Biosciences Inc.
(May 2017 - present);
Chairman of the
Supervisory Board,
Vivaldi Biosciences AG.
(May 2017 - present);
Trustee, Gallim Dance
(December 2021 -
present).
MICHAEL A. JESSEE
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1946
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Valuation
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
2/96
Retired; formerly,
President and Chief
Executive Officer of the
Federal Home Loan
Bank of Boston (1989 –
2009); Trustee,
Randolph-Macon
54
None
13

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
and Relevant
Experience
Number of
Funds in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee†
Other
Directorships
Held By Trustee
During Past Five
Years
 
 
 
College (2004 – 2016).
 
 
MARGARET MCLAUGHLIN
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1967
Trustee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
9/22
Consultant, Bates Group
(consultants) (2021 –
2023); Consultant,
Madison Dearborn
Partners (private equity)
(2019 – 2020); General
Counsel/CCO, Kramer
Van Kirk Credit
Strategies L.P./Mariana
Systems LLC
(Investment
Adviser/SaaS
Technology) (2011 –
2019).
54
Director, Manning &
Napier Fund Inc (2021 –
2022).
GEORGE M. PEREIRA
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1964
Trustee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
9/22
Chief Operating Officer
(January 2011 –
September 2020) and
Chief Financial Officer
(November 2004 –
September 2020),
Charles Schwab
Investment
Management.
54
Director, Pacific Premier
Bancorp, Pacific Premier
Bank (2021 – present);
Director, Charles
Schwab Asset
Management (Ireland)
Ltd., & Charles Schwab
Worldwide Funds plc.
(2005 – 2020); Director,
Rotaplast International,
Inc. (non-profit providing
free medical services to
children worldwide)
(2012 – 2018).
DONNA M. RAPACCIOLI
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1962
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Audit
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Elected:
12/18
Dean of the Gabelli
School of Business
(2007 – June 2022) and
Accounting Professor
(1987 – present) at
Fordham University.
54
Director- Graduate
Management
Admissions Council
(2015 – present);
Trustee of Emmanuel
College (2010 – 2019).
RICHARD D. SHIRK
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1945
Trustee and
Chairperson of
the Nominating
Committee and
Chairperson of
the Governance
Committee
Term:
Indefinite
Elected: 7/16
Chairman (March 2001 -
April 2002), President
and Chief Executive
Officer (1996 - March
2001), Cerulean
Companies, Inc. (holding
company) (Retired);
President and Chief
Executive Officer, Blue
Cross Blue Shield of
Georgia (health insurer,
managed healthcare)
(1992 - March 2001).
54
Chairman and Board
Member (1998 -
December 2008) and
Investment Committee
Member (December
2008 - present),
Healthcare Georgia
Foundation (private
foundation); Lead
Director and Board
Member, Amerigroup
Corp. (managed health
care) (September 2002
– 2012); Board Member
(1999 - 2013) and
Investment Committee
Member (2001 - 2017),
Woodruff Arts Center;
Trustee, Gettysburg
College (2003 - 2009);
Board member,
Aerocare Holdings
(2003 - January 2021),
Regenesis Biomedical
Inc. (April 2012 -
present).
14

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
and Relevant
Experience
Number of
Funds in
Fund
Complex
Overseen
by Trustee†
Other
Directorships
Held By Trustee
During Past Five
Years
MARK E. SWANSON
c/o SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1963
Trustee
Term:
Indefinite
Appointed:
3/23
Treasurer, Chief
Accounting Officer and
Chief Financial Officer,
Russell Investment
Funds (RIF) (1998 –
2022); Global Head of
Fund Services, Russell
Investments (2013 –
2022); Treasurer, Chief
Accounting Officer and
Chief Financial Officer,
Russell Investment
Company (RIC) (1998
– 2022); President and
Chief Executive Officer,
RIF (2016 – 2017 and
2020 – 2022); President
and Chief Executive
Officer, RIC (2016 –
2017 and 2020 – 2022)
54
Director and President,
Russell Investments
Fund Services, LLC
(2010 – 2023); Director,
Russell Investment
Management, LLC,
Russell Investments
Trust Company and
Russell Investments
Financial Services, LLC
(2010 – 2023).
INTERESTED TRUSTEE(1)
 
ELLEN M. NEEDHAM(2)
SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1967
Trustee and
President
Term:
Indefinite
Elected
President:
9/12 Elected
Trustee:
12/18
Chairman, SSGA Funds
Management, Inc.
(March 2020 – present);
President and Director,
SSGA Funds
Management, Inc. (2001
– present)*; Senior
Managing Director, State
Street Global Advisors
(1992 – present)*;
Manager, State Street
Global Advisors Funds
Distributors, LLC (May
2017 – present).
54
Board Director, SSGA
SPDR ETFs Europe I
plc (May 2020—
present); Board Director,
SSGA SPDR ETFs
Europe II plc (May
2020—present).
(1)
The individual listed below is a Trustee who is an interested person, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Trust (Interested Trustee).
(2)
Ms. Needham is an Interested Trustee because of her employment by SSGA Funds Management, Inc., an affiliate of the Trust.
*
Served in various capacities and/or with various affiliated entities during noted time period.

For the purpose of determining the number of portfolios overseen by the Trustees, Fund Complex comprises registered investment companies for which SSGA FM serves as investment adviser.
The following lists the principal officers for the Trust, as well as their mailing addresses and ages, positions with the Trust and length of time served, and present and principal occupations:
Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
OFFICERS:
ELLEN M. NEEDHAM
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1967
President and
Trustee
Term: Indefinite
President-
Served: since
9/12 Elected
Trustee: 12/18
Chairman, SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (March
2020—present); President and Director, SSGA Funds
Management, Inc. (2001—present)*; Senior Managing
Director, State Street Global Advisors (1992—present)*;
Manager, State Street Global Advisors Funds
Distributors, LLC (May 2017—present).
BRUCE S. ROSENBERG
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1961
Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/17
Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (July 2015 – present);
Director, Credit Suisse (April 2008 – July 2015).
15

Name, Address,
and Year of Birth
Position(s)
Held With
Trust
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
Principal Occupation
During Past Five Years
ANN M. CARPENTER
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1966
Vice President and
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
3/16
Chief Operating Officer, SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
(April 2005 – present)*; Managing Director, State Street
Global Advisors (April 2005 – present).*
CHAD C. HALLETT
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1969
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/17
Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (November 2014 – present).
DARLENE ANDERSON-VASQUEZ
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1968
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
11/16
Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (May 2016 – present);
Senior Vice President, John Hancock Investments
(September 2007 – May 2016).
ARTHUR A. JENSEN
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
1600 Summer Street
Stamford, CT 06905
YOB: 1966
Deputy Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/17
Vice President State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (July 2016 – present); Mutual
Funds Controller, GE Asset Management Incorporated
(April 2011 – July 2016).
DAVID LANCASTER
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1971
Assistant Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
11/20
Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (July 2017 – present);
Assistant Vice President, State Street Bank and Trust
Company (November 2011 – July 2017).*
JOHN BETTENCOURT
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street,
Boston, MA 02210
YOB:1976
Assistant Treasurer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
5/22
Vice President, State Street Global Advisors and SSGA
Funds Management, Inc. (March 2020 – present);
Assistant Vice President, State Street Global Advisors
(June 2007 – March 2020).
BRIAN HARRIS
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1973
Chief Compliance
Officer; Anti-
Money Laundering
Officer; Code of
Ethics Compliance
Officer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
7/16
Managing Director, State Street Global Advisors and
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (June 2013 – present).*
SEAN O'MALLEY
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1969
Chief Legal Officer
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
8/19
Senior Vice President and General Counsel, State
Street Global Advisors (May 2022 - present); Senior
Vice President and Deputy General Counsel, State
Street Global Advisors (November 2013 – May 2022).
DAVID BARR
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1974
Secretary
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
9/20
Vice President and Senior Counsel, State Street Global
Advisors (October 2019 – present); Vice President and
Counsel, Eaton Vance Corp. (October 2010 – October
2019).
DAVID URMAN
SSGA Funds Management, Inc.
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
YOB: 1985
Assistant Secretary
Term: Indefinite
Served: since
8/19
Vice President and Senior Counsel, State Street Global
Advisors (April 2019 – present); Vice President and
Counsel, State Street Global Advisors (August 2015 –
April 2019); Associate, Ropes & Gray LLP (November
2012 – August 2015).
*
Served in various capacities and/or with various affiliated entities during noted time period.
Summary of Trustees' Qualifications
Following is a brief discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes or skills, which qualify each Trustee to serve on the Board, in light of the Trust's business and structure.
Patrick J. Riley: Mr. Riley is an experienced business executive with over 44 years of experience in the legal and financial services industries; his experience includes service as a trustee or director of various investment companies and Associate Justice of the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He has served on the Board of Trustees
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and related Committees of SSGA Funds for 32 years and possesses significant experience regarding the operations and history of the Trust. Mr. Riley also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
John R. Costantino: In addition to his tenure as a board member of various other funds advised by SSGA FM, Mr. Costantino has over 32 years of private equity investing experience. He has also served as an officer or a board member of charitable organizations and public and private companies for over 32 years. Mr. Costantino is an attorney and a certified public accountant. He also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. (independent chairperson through 2016).
Michael A. Jessee: Mr. Jessee is an experienced business executive with approximately 44 years of experience in the banking industry. He previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston as well as various senior executive positions of major banks. Mr. Jessee has served on the Navigator Trust's Board of Trustees and related committees for 25 years and possesses significant experience regarding the Trust's operations and history. Mr. Jessee also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Margaret McLaughlin: Ms. McLaughlin has over twenty-five years of experience she has gained in a variety of roles encompassing regulatory, operating, legal, and compliance functions, serving both firms and their boards. Ms. McLaughlin formerly served as a founding member of the executive management team for Kramer Van Kirk Credit Strategies L.P. and its technology affiliate, Mariana Systems LLC, where she was integrally involved in corporate strategy, operational oversight, risk management and board governance. Prior to Kramer Van Kirk, Ms. McLaughlin was Assistant General Counsel to Harris Associates L.P., where she was responsible for legal, regulatory and compliance activities related to the Oakmark Mutual Funds. Ms. McLaughlin has an extensive understanding and perspective on governance, oversight, regulation, policies and procedures from these positions as well as her prior experience with both the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice. Most recently, Ms. McLaughlin has held consulting positions at major private equity and management consulting firms. Ms. McLaughlin serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
George M. Pereira: Mr. Pereira has over thirty years of experience in executive management with financial institutions, including extensive experience relating to financial reporting, operations, cybersecurity oversight, and enterprise risk management. Mr. Pereira recently retired from Charles Schwab Investment Management Inc., having served as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer during his tenure. Previously, Mr. Pereira also served as Head of Financial Reporting for Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Earlier in his career, Mr. Pereira gained valuable regulatory experience and perspective while serving as managing director at the New York Stock Exchange. With this professional experience, Mr. Pereira has developed wide-ranging expertise in building and managing financial, operational, technology and risk control platforms for growth and scale within the financial services industry. Additionally, Mr. Pereira is a member of the Latino Corporate Directors Association. Mr. Pereira serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc
Donna M. Rapaccioli: Ms. Rapaccioli has over 32 years of service as a full-time member of the business faculty at Fordham University, where she developed and taught undergraduate and graduate courses, including International Accounting and Financial Statement Analysis and has taught at the executive MBA level. She has served on Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation team visits, lectured on accounting and finance topics and consulted for numerous investment banks. Ms. Rapaccioli also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
Richard D. Shirk: Mr. Shirk is an experienced business executive with over 52 years of experience in the health care and insurance industries and with investment matters; his experience includes service as a trustee, director or officer of various health care companies and nonprofit organizations. He has served on the Board of Trustees and related Committees of SSGA Funds for 32 years and possesses significant experience regarding the operations and history of the Trust. Mr. Shirk also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc.
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Mark E. Swanson: Mr. Swanson has over twenty-five years of experience in executive management with financial services institutions, including extensive experience relating to, fund operations, financial reporting, fund accounting, and fund services. Mr. Swanson recently retired from Russell Investments, having served most recently as the Global Head of Fund Services. Additionally, Mr. Swanson served as Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer Russell Investment Company (RIC) and Russell Investment Funds (RIF). Previously, Mr. Swanson served as Global Head of Fund Operations for Russell, as well as serving in different directorships with RIC, RIF and other Russell entities. Mr. Swanson serves as a Trustee of State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, SSGA Funds, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund, Elfun Tax Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Trusts, and State Street Institutional Funds and a Director of State Street Variable Insurance Funds, Inc.
Ellen M. Needham: Ms. Needham is a Senior Managing Director of State Street Global Advisors, Head of Global Funds Management, and President of SSGA Funds Management, Inc. Ms. Needham serves as a director of SSGA Funds Management, Inc. and a manager of State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC. In her role, Ms. Needham is responsible for managing firm-wide processes that focus on governance, fund structure, subadviser oversight, tax, product viability, distribution, ongoing monitoring and regulatory coordination across all products globally. She has been involved in the investment industry for over thirty years, beginning her career at State Street in 1989. Ms. Needham also serves as a Trustee of the State Street Institutional Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Master Funds, SSGA Funds, Elfun Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. and is a Board Director—SPDR Europe I plc and SPDR Europe II plc Boards.
The discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees above is provided as required by the federal securities laws and the regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder, does not constitute holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.
Standing Committees
The Board of Trustees has established various committees to facilitate the timely and efficient consideration of various matters of importance to the Independent Trustees, the Trust, and the Portfolio's shareholders and to facilitate compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Currently, the Board has created an Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Valuation Committee, Nominating Committee and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (the QLCC).
The Audit Committee is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee meets twice a year, or more often as required, in conjunction with meetings of the Board of Trustees. The Audit Committee oversees and monitors the Trust's internal accounting and control structure, its auditing function and its financial reporting process. The Audit Committee is responsible for selecting and retaining the independent accountants for the Trust. The Audit Committee is responsible for approving the audit plans, fees and other material arrangements in respect of the engagement of the independent accountants, including non-audit services performed. The Audit Committee reviews the qualifications of the independent accountant's key personnel involved in the foregoing activities and monitors the independent accountant's independence. During the Trust's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Audit Committee held four meetings.
Each of the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The primary functions of the Governance Committee and the Nominating Committee are to review and evaluate the composition and performance of the Board; make nominations for membership on the Board and committees; review the responsibilities of each committee; and review governance procedures, compensation of Independent Trustees, and independence of outside counsel to the Trustees. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees to the Board recommended by shareholders. Recommendations should be submitted in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Nominating Committee Charter and should be submitted in writing to the Trust, to the attention of the Trust's Secretary, at the address of the principal executive offices of the Trust. Shareholder recommendations must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Trust not less than sixty (60) calendar days nor more than ninety (90) calendar days prior to the date of the Board or shareholder meeting at which the nominee candidate would be considered for election. The Governance Committee performs an annual self-evaluation of Board members. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee held six combined meetings.
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The Valuation Committee is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The Valuation Committee's primary purpose is to review the actions and recommendations of the Adviser's Oversight Committee no less often than quarterly. The Trust has established procedures and guidelines for valuing portfolio securities and making fair value determinations from time to time through the Valuation Committee, with the assistance of the Oversight Committee, State Street and SSGA FM. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Valuation Committee held five meetings.
The QLCC is composed of all the Independent Trustees. The primary functions of the QLCC are to receive quarterly reports from the Trust's chief compliance officer (the Chief Compliance Officer); to oversee generally the Trust's responses to regulatory inquiries; and to investigate matters referred to it by the Chief Legal Officer and make recommendations to the Board regarding the implementation of an appropriate response to evidence of a material violation of the securities laws or breach of fiduciary duty or similar violation by the Trust, its officers or the Trustees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the QLCC Committee held four meetings.
Leadership Structure and Risk Management Oversight
The Board has chosen to select different individuals as Chairperson of the Board of the Trust and as President of the Trust. Currently, Mr. Riley, an Independent Trustee, serves as Chairperson of the Board, Ms. Rapaccioli serves as Chairperson of the Audit Committee, Mr. Costantino serves as Chairperson of the QLCC, Mr. Jessee serves as Chairperson of the Valuation Committee, Mr. Shirk serves as Chairperson of each of the Governance Committee and Nominating Committee.
Ms. Needham, who is an employee of the Adviser, serves as a Trustee of the Trust and also serves as President of the Trust. The Board believes that this leadership structure is appropriate, since Ms. Needham provides the Board with insight regarding the Trust's day-to-day management, while Mr. Riley provides an independent perspective on the Trust's overall operation and Ms. Rapaccioli provides a specialized perspective on audit matters.
The Board has delegated management of the Trust to service providers who are responsible for the day-to-day management of risks applicable to the Trust. The Board oversees risk management for the Trust in several ways. The Board receives regular reports from both the Chief Compliance Officer and administrator for the Trust, detailing the results of the Trust's compliance with its Board-adopted policies and procedures, the investment policies and limitations of the Portfolio, and applicable provisions of the federal securities laws and the Code. As needed, the Adviser discusses management issues regarding the Trust with the Board soliciting the Board's input on many aspects of management, including potential risks to the Portfolio. The Board's Audit Committee also receives reports on various aspects of risk that might affect the Trust and offers advice to management, as appropriate. The Trustees also meet in executive session with the independent counsel to the Independent Trustees, the independent registered public accounting firm, counsel to the Trust, the Chief Compliance Officer and representatives of management, as needed. Through these regular reports and interactions, the Board oversees the risk management parameters for the Trust, which are effected on a day-to-day basis by service providers to the Trust.
Trustee Ownership of Securities of the Trust or Adviser
As of December 31, 2022, none of the Independent Trustees or their family members had any ownership of securities of the Adviser or any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser.
The following table sets forth information describing the dollar range of the Trust's equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee as of December 31, 2022.
 
Dollar Range Of
Equity
Securities
Aggregate
Dollar Range Of
Equity
Securities In All
Registered
Investment
Companies
Overseen By
Trustees In
Family of
Investment
Companies
Name of Independent Trustee
 
 
Patrick J. Riley
None
Over $100,000
John R Costantino
None
None
Michael A. Jessee
None
None
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Dollar Range Of
Equity
Securities
Aggregate
Dollar Range Of
Equity
Securities In All
Registered
Investment
Companies
Overseen By
Trustees In
Family of
Investment
Companies
Margaret McLaughlin(1)
None
None
George M. Pereira(1)
None
None
Donna M. Rapaccioli
None
None
Richard D. Shirk
None
Over $100,000
Mark E. Swanson(2)
None
None
Name of Interested Trustee
 
 
Ellen M. Needham
None
None
(1) Ms. McLaughlin and Mr. Pereira were appointed Trustees effective September 15, 2022.
(2) Mr. Swanson was appointed as Trustee effective March 2, 2023.
Trustee Compensation
Independent Trustees are compensated on a calendar year basis. Any Trustee who is deemed to be an interested person (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Portfolio does not receive compensation from the Portfolio for his or her service as a Trustee. As of January 1, 2023, except as noted below, each Independent Trustee will receive for his or her services to the State Street Master Funds, the State Street Institutional Investment Trust, the SSGA Funds, the Elfun Funds, the Navigator Trust, State Street Institutional Funds and State Street Variable Insurance Series Funds, Inc. (together, the Fund Entities) an annual retainer of $360,000. The Chairperson receives an additional $90,000 annual retainer. The Independent Trustees receive a fee of $25,000 for each additional special in-person Board meeting and $5,000 for each additional special telephonic Board meeting. As of January 1, 2020, the total annual compensation paid to the Independent Trustees (other than telephonic and special meeting fees) is allocated to each Fund Entity as follows: a fixed amount of $21,000 will be allocated to each Fund Entity or, if applicable, each series thereof; and the remainder will be allocated among the Fund Entities or, if applicable, each series thereof based on relative net assets excluding, however, any feeder fund that invests in a master fund that is a Fund Entity or series thereof. The Independent Trustees are reimbursed for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses in connection with meeting attendance. As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees were not paid pension or retirement benefits as part of the Trust's expenses.
For purposes of computing Independent Trustee compensation, an in-person meeting refers to a meeting to which all attendees are invited to assemble at a specific physical location. An Independent Trustee is considered to have attended an in-person meeting if he or she attends the meeting with the assistance of an audio/visual system that permits (a) the Independent Trustee to see and hear all of the other attendees at the meeting and (b) all such other attendees to see and hear the Independent Trustee. Independent Trustee fees are allocated among each respective series of the Trust in such a manner as deemed equitable. Independent Trustee fees are allocated as follows: one-half is allocated taking into consideration the relative net assets of each series and one-half is apportioned to each series in equal amounts.
The Trust's officers are compensated by the Adviser and its affiliates.
The table below shows the compensation that the Trustees received during the Trust's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Name of Trustee
Aggregate
Compensation
from the Trust
Pension or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued as
Part of Trust
Expenses
Estimated
Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement
Total
Compensation
from the Trust and
Fund Complex
Paid to Trustees
Independent Trustees:
Michael F. Holland(1)
$24,731
$0
$0
$410,000
Patrick J. Riley
$24,731
$0
$0
$410,000
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Name of Trustee
Aggregate
Compensation
from the Trust
Pension or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued as
Part of Trust
Expenses
Estimated
Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement
Total
Compensation
from the Trust and
Fund Complex
Paid to Trustees
John R. Costantino
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Michael A. Jessee
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Donna M. Rapaccioli
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Richard D. Shirk
$21,436
$0
$0
$350,000
Margaret McLaughlin(2)
$5,300
$0
$0
$80,000
George M. Pereira(2)
$5,300
$0
$0
$80,000
Mark E. Swanson(3)
$-
$-
$-
$-
Interested Trustee:
Ellen M. Needham
$0
$0
$0
$0
(1)
Mr. Holland served as a Trustee until December 31, 2022.
(2)
Ms. McLaughlin and Mr. Pereira were appointed Trustees effective September 15, 2022.
(3)
Mr. Swanson did not receive compensation from the Funds for services as Trustee for the most recently completed fiscal years of the Funds because he did not serve as Trustee during the relevant periods.
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The total compensation from Portfolio II paid to the Trustees for the Trust's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:
 
Aggregate
Compensation
from the
Portfolio
Name of Independent Trustee
 
Michael F. Holland(1)
$9,524
Patrick J. Riley
$9,524
John R. Costantino
$8,333
Michael A. Jessee
$8,333
Donna M. Rapaccioli
$8,333
Richard D. Shirk
$8,333
Margaret McLaughlin(2)
$2,134
George M. Pereira(2)
$2,134
Mark E. Swanson(3)
$-
Name of Interested Trustee
 
Ellen M. Needham
$0
(1)
Mr. Holland retired from the Board of Trustees of the Trust effective as of December 31, 2022.
(2)
Ms. McLaughlin and Mr. Pereira were appointed Trustees effective September 15, 2022
(3)
Mr. Swanson did not receive compensation from the Funds for services as Trustee for the most recently completed fiscal years of the Funds because he did not serve as Trustee during the relevant periods.
CODES OF ETHICS
The Trust and the Adviser have each adopted a code of ethics (together, the Codes of Ethics) pursuant to Rule 17j-1 as required by applicable law, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust and the Adviser from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Portfolio (which may also be held by persons subject to the Codes of Ethics). The Codes of Ethics permit personnel, subject to the Codes of Ethics and their provisions, to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, subject to certain limitations, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust, Adviser and State Street.
PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES
The Trust has adopted proxy voting procedures pursuant to which the Trust delegates the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Portfolio to SSGA FM as part of SSGA FM's general management of the Portfolio, subject to the Board's continuing oversight. A copy of the Trust's proxy voting procedures is located in Appendix B and a copy of the Adviser's proxy voting procedures is located in Appendix C.
Shareholders may receive information regarding how the Portfolio voted proxies relating to portfolio securities, if any, during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 (i) by calling (800) 997-7327 or (ii) on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
ITEM 18. CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDERS
In connection with State Street's Securities Lending Program, State Street holds certain collateral on behalf of its securities lending clients to secure the return of loaned securities. Such collateral may be invested in Trust shares from time to time. Shares of Portfolio II will be registered with the Trust's transfer agent in the name of State Street, as agent for each Lending Fund, or in the name of the Lending Fund or the Lending Fund's custodian. Consequently, State Street will not be a controlling person of the Trust for purposes of the 1940 Act.
Persons or organizations owning 25% or more of the outstanding interests of the Portfolio may be presumed to control (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) the Portfolio. As a result, these persons or organizations could have the ability to approve or reject those matters submitted to the investors of the Portfolio for their approval.
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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
As of March 31, 2023, no shareholders of record, through one or more accounts, owned 25% or more of the issued and outstanding shares of the Portfolio.
As of March 31, 2023, the following shareholders of record, through one or more accounts, owned 5% or more of the issued and outstanding shares of the Portfolio:
Name and Address
Percentage
SPDR Bloomberg 1-3 Month T-Bill ETF
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
6.71%
SPDR Portfolio Developed World EX-US ETF
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
6.28%
SPDR Bloomberg High Yield Bond ETF
One Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
5.31%
As of March 31, 2023, the Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a group, did not own any of the Trust's voting securities.
ITEM 19. INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
SERVICE PROVIDERS
Most of the Portfolio's necessary day-to-day operations are performed by service providers under contract to the Trust. The principal service providers for the Portfolio II are:
Investment Adviser and Administrator:
Custodian, Transfer Agent and Sub-Administrator:
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm:
SSGA FM
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Ernst & Young LLP
ADVISER
SSGA FM serves as the investment adviser to the Portfolio pursuant to an Advisory Agreement dated as of May 1, 2001, as amended (Advisory Agreement), by and between the Adviser and the Trust. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a publicly held financial holding company. The Adviser's mailing address is One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser directs the Portfolio's investments in accordance with its investment objectives, policies and limitations. For these services, the Portfolio pays a fee to the Adviser at the rates stated in the Part A. The advisory fees paid by the Portfolio to SSGA FM for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 were $2,112,038, $1,534,066, and $1,522,479, respectively.
Total Annual Fund Operating Expense Waivers. The Adviser has contractually agreed with the Trust, through April 30, 2024, (i) to waive up to the full amount of the advisory fee payable by the Portfolio, and/or (ii) to reimburse the Portfolio for expenses to the extent that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (exclusive of non-recurring account fees and/or extraordinary expenses) exceed 0.042% of average daily net assets on an annual basis.
The Advisory Agreement will continue from year to year provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (a) the Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio, and (b) vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated by the Adviser or the Trust without penalty upon sixty days' notice and will terminate automatically upon its assignment.
ADMINISTRATOR
SSGA FM serves as the Administrator (the Administrator) of the Portfolio pursuant to an Administration Agreement dated as of June 3, 2015, as amended (Administration Agreement) by and between SSGA FM and the Trust. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator will, among other things (i) provide Portfolio II with administrative and clerical services, including the maintenance of certain of the Portfolio's books and records; (ii) arrange the periodic updating of
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the Trust's Registration Statement and the Portfolio's Confidential Offering Memorandum; and (iii) provide proxy materials and reports to the Portfolio's shareholders and the SEC. For these services, the Portfolio pays an annual administration fee equal to 0.00075% of the Portfolio's average daily net assets. The administration fees paid by the Portfolio to SSGA FM for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 were $63,361, $46,032, and $54,359, respectively. The Portfolio reimburses SSGA FM for certain out-of-pocket travel expenses of the CCO and compliance team incurred on the Portfolio's behalf.
The Administration Agreement was approved initially for a one-year term by the Trustees, and will continue in effect from year to year unless terminated in writing by either the Administrator or the Trust at the end of such period or thereafter on 60 days' prior written notice given by either party to the other party.
SUB-ADMINISTRATOR, CUSTODY, FUND ACCOUNTING AND TRANSFER AGENCY
State Street serves as the sub-administrator for the Trust, pursuant to a sub-administration agreement dated June 1, 2015 (the Sub-Administration Agreement). State Street serves as the custodian for the Trust, pursuant to a custody agreement dated April 11, 2012 (the Custody Agreement). Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, State Street is obligated to provide certain sub-administrative services to the Trust. Under the Custody Agreement, State Street is obligated to provide certain custody services to the Trust, as well as basic portfolio recordkeeping required by the Trust for regulatory and financial reporting purposes. State Street also serves as transfer agent for the Portfolio. State Street is a wholly owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a publicly held financial holding company, and is affiliated with the Adviser. State Street's mailing address is State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111-2900.
As consideration for sub-administration, custody, fund accounting, and transfer agency services, the Portfolio pays State Street an annual fee (payable monthly) based on the average monthly net assets of the Portfolio. The Portfolio also pays State Street transaction and service fees for these services and reimburses State Street for out-of-pocket expenses.
The custodian, sub-administration, fund accounting and transfer agent service fees paid by the Portfolio to State Street for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 were $1,078,606, $792,059, and $761,239, respectively.
COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Ropes & Gray LLP serves as counsel to the Trust. The principal business address of Ropes & Gray LLP is 800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199. Sullivan & Worcester LLP, located at One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts, 02109, serves as independent counsel to the Independent Trustees.
The Audit Committee approved the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP (E&Y), 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116, as the Portfolio's independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.
ITEM 20. PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The Adviser manages the Funds using a team of investment professionals. The following table lists the number and types of accounts managed by each of the key professionals involved in the day-to-day portfolio management for each Fund and assets under management in those accounts. The total number of accounts and assets have been allocated to each respective manager. Therefore, some accounts and assets have been counted twice.
Portfolio Manager
Registered
Investment
Company
Accounts
Assets
Managed
(billions)*
Other Pooled
Investment
Vehicle
Accounts
Assets
Managed
(billions)*
Other
Accounts
Assets
Managed
(billions)*
Total
Assets
Managed
(billions)
Todd Bean
17
$196.30
17
$101.60
74
$94.53
$392.43
Sean Lussier
17
$196.30
17
$101.60
74
$94.53
$392.43
*
There are no performance-based fees associated with these accounts.
The portfolio managers did not beneficially own any shares of the Portfolio as of the date of this Part B.
A portfolio manager that has responsibility for managing more than one account may be subject to potential conflicts of interest because he or she is responsible for other accounts in addition to the Portfolio. Those conflicts could include preferential treatment of one account over others in terms of: (a) the portfolio manager's execution of different investment strategies for various accounts; or (b) the allocation of resources or of investment opportunities.
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Portfolio managers may manage numerous accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include registered investment companies, other types of pooled accounts (e.g., collective investment funds), and separate accounts (i.e., accounts managed on behalf of individuals or public or private institutions). Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each account based on the investment objectives and policies and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that portfolio. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of a portfolio manager's responsibility for multiple accounts with similar investment guidelines. Under these circumstances, a potential investment may be suitable for more than one of the portfolio manager's accounts, but the quantity of the investment available for purchase is less than the aggregate amount the accounts would ideally devote to the opportunity. Similar conflicts may arise when multiple accounts seek to dispose of the same investment. The portfolio managers may also manage accounts whose objectives and policies differ from that of the Portfolio. These differences may be such that under certain circumstances, trading activity appropriate for one account managed by the portfolio manager may have adverse consequences for another account managed by the portfolio manager. For example, an account may sell a significant position in a security, which could cause the market price of that security to decrease, while a Portfolio maintained its position in that security.
A potential conflict may arise when the portfolio managers are responsible for accounts that have different advisory fees— the difference in fees could create an incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another, for example, in terms of access to investment opportunities. This conflict may be heightened if an account is subject to a performance-based fee, as applicable. Another potential conflict may arise when the portfolio manager has an investment in one or more accounts that participate in transactions with other accounts. His or her investment(s) may create an incentive for the portfolio manager to favor one account over another. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to address these potential material conflicts. For instance, portfolio managers are normally responsible for all accounts within a certain investment discipline and do not, absent special circumstances, differentiate among the various accounts when allocating resources. Additionally, the Adviser and its advisory affiliates have processes and procedures for allocating investment opportunities among portfolios that are designed to provide a fair and equitable allocation. With respect to conflicts arising from personal investments, all employees, including portfolio managers, must comply with personal trading controls established by each of the Adviser's and Trust's Code of Ethics.
SSGA's culture is complemented and reinforced by a total rewards strategy that is based on a pay for performance philosophy, which seeks to offer a competitive pay mix of base salary, benefits, cash incentives and deferred compensation.
Salary is based on a number of factors, including external benchmarking data and market trends, and performance both at the business and individual level. SSGA's Global Human Resources department regularly participates in compensation surveys in order to provide SSGA with market-based compensation information that helps support individual pay decisions.
Additionally, subject to State Street and SSGA business results, an incentive pool is allocated to SSGA to reward its employees. The size of the incentive pool for most business units is based on the firm's overall profitability and other factors, including performance against risk-related goals. For most SSGA investment teams, SSGA recognizes and rewards performance by linking annual incentive decisions for investment teams to the firm's or business unit's profitability and business unit investment performance over a multi-year period.
Incentive pool funding for most active investment teams is driven in part by the post-tax investment performance of fund(s) managed by the team versus the return levels of the benchmark index(es) of the fund(s) on a one-, three- and, in some cases, five-year basis. For most active investment teams, a material portion of incentive compensation for senior staff is deferred over a four-year period into the SSGA Long-Term Incentive (SSGA LTI) program. For these teams, The SSGA LTI program indexes the performance of these deferred awards against the post-tax investment performance of fund(s) managed by the team. This is intended to align our investment team's compensation with client interests, both through annual incentive compensation awards and through the long-term value of deferred awards in the SSGA LTI program.
For the index equity investment team, incentive pool funding is driven in part by the post-tax 1 and 3-year tracking error of the funds managed by the team against the benchmark indexes of the funds.
The discretionary allocation of the incentive pool to the business units within SSGA is influenced by market-based compensation data, as well as the overall performance of each business unit. Individual compensation decisions are made by the employee's manager, in conjunction with the senior management of the employee's business unit. These decisions are based on the overall performance of the employee and, as mentioned above, on the performance of the firm
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and business unit. Depending on the job level, a portion of the annual incentive may be awarded in deferred compensation, which may include cash and/or Deferred Stock Awards (State Street stock), which typically vest over a four-year period. This helps to retain staff and further aligns SSGA employees' interests with SSGA clients' and shareholders' long-term interests.
SSGA recognizes and rewards outstanding performance by:
Promoting employee ownership to connect employees directly to the company's success.
Using rewards to reinforce mission, vision, values and business strategy.
Seeking to recognize and preserve the firm's unique culture and team orientation.
Providing all employees the opportunity to share in the success of SSGA.
ITEM 21. BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
All portfolio transactions are placed on behalf of a Portfolio by the Adviser. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are affected through brokers who charge a commission for their services. Ordinarily commissions are not charged on over-the-counter orders (e.g., fixed income securities) because the Portfolio pays a spread which is included in the cost of the security and represents the difference between the dealer's quoted price at which it is willing to sell the security and the dealer's quoted price at which it is willing to buy the security. When a Portfolio executes an over-the-counter order with an electronic communications network or an alternative trading system, a commission is charged by such electronic communications networks and alternative trading systems as they execute such orders on an agency basis. Securities may be purchased from underwriters at prices that include underwriting fees.
In placing a portfolio transaction, the Adviser seeks to achieve best execution. The Adviser's duty to seek best execution requires the Adviser to take reasonable steps to obtain for the client as favorable an overall result as possible for portfolio transactions under the circumstances, taking into account various factors that are relevant to the particular transaction.
The Adviser refers to and selects from the list of approved trading counterparties maintained by the Adviser's Credit Risk Management team. In selecting a trading counterparty for a particular trade, the Adviser seeks to weigh relevant factors including, but not limited to the following:
Prompt and reliable execution;
The competitiveness of commission rates and spreads, if applicable;
The financial strength, stability and/or reputation of the trading counterparty;
The willingness and ability of the executing trading counterparty to execute transactions (and commit capital) of size in liquid and illiquid markets without disrupting the market for the security;
Local laws, regulations or restrictions;
The ability of the trading counterparty to maintain confidentiality;
The availability and capability of execution venues, including electronic communications networks for trading and execution management systems made available to Adviser;
Market share;
Liquidity;
Price;
Execution related costs;
History of execution of orders;
Likelihood of execution and settlement;
Order size and nature;
Clearance and settlement capabilities, especially in high volatility market environments;
Availability of lendable securities;
Sophistication of the trading counterparty's trading capabilities and infrastructure/facilities;
The operational efficiency with which transactions are processed and cleared, taking into account the order size and complexity;
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Speed and responsiveness to the Adviser;
Access to secondary markets;
Counterparty exposure; and
Depending upon the circumstances, the Adviser may take other relevant factors into account if the Adviser believes that these are important in taking all sufficient steps to obtain the best possible result for execution of the order.
In selecting a trading counterparty, the price of the transaction and costs related to the execution of the transaction typically merit a high relative importance, depending on the circumstances. The Adviser does not necessarily select a trading counterparty based upon price and costs but may take other relevant factors into account if it believes that these are important in taking reasonable steps to obtain the best possible result for a Portfolio under the circumstances. Consequently, the Adviser may cause a client to pay a trading counterparty more than another trading counterparty might have charged for the same transaction in recognition of the value and quality of the brokerage services provided. The following matters may influence the relative importance that the Adviser places upon the relevant factors:
(i)
The nature and characteristics of the order or transaction. For example, size of order, market impact of order, limits, or other instructions relating to the order;
(ii)
The characteristics of the financial instrument(s) or other assets, which are the subject of that order. For example, whether the order pertains to an equity, fixed income, derivative or convertible instrument;
(iii)
The characteristics of the execution venues to which that order can be directed, if relevant. For example, availability and capabilities of electronic trading systems;
(iv)
Whether the transaction is a ‘delivery versus payment' or ‘over-the-counter' transaction. The creditworthiness of the trading counterparty, the amount of existing exposure to a trading counterparty and trading counterparty settlement capabilities may be given a higher relative importance in the case of ‘over-the-counter' transactions; and/or
(v)
Any other circumstances that the Adviser believes are relevant at the time.
The process by which trading counterparties are selected to effect transactions is designed to exclude consideration of the sales efforts conducted by broker-dealers in relation to the Portfolio.
The Adviser does not currently use the Portfolio's assets in connection with third-party soft dollar arrangements. While the Adviser does not currently use soft or commission dollars paid by the Portfolio for the purchase of third-party research, the Adviser reserves the right to do so in the future.
ITEM 22. CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES
Under its Master Trust Agreement, the Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with a par value of $0.001 per share, which may be divided into one or more series, each of which evidences pro rata ownership interest in a different investment portfolio. The Trustees may create additional portfolio series at any time without shareholder approval. The shares of the Portfolio may have such rights and preferences as the Trustees may establish from time to time, including the right of redemption (including the price, manner and terms of redemption), special and relative rights as to dividends and distributions, liquidation rights, sinking or purchase fund provisions, conversion rights and conditions under which the Portfolio may have separate voting rights or no voting rights.
This Part B covers Portfolio II, which commenced operations on December 10, 2018. The Trust is authorized, without shareholder approval, to divide shares of any series into two or more classes of shares, each class having such different dividend, liquidation, voting and other rights as the Trustees may determine without shareholder approval.
Any amendment to the Master Trust Agreement that would materially and adversely affect shareholders of the Trust as a whole, or shareholders of a particular portfolio series, must be approved by the holders of a majority of the shares of the Trust or the portfolio series, respectively. All other amendments may be effected by the Board.
The Master Trust Agreement provides that shareholders shall not be subject to any personal liability for the acts or obligations of the Portfolio and that every written agreement, obligation, or other undertaking of the Portfolio shall contain a provision to the effect that the shareholders are not personally liable thereunder. If any present or past shareholder of the Portfolio is charged or held personally liable for any obligation or liability of the Trust solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder and not because of such shareholder's acts or omissions or for some other reason, the
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Portfolio series, upon request, shall assume the defense against such charge and satisfy any judgment thereon, and the shareholder or former shareholder shall be entitled out of the assets of the Portfolio to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. Thus, the risk to shareholders of incurring financial loss beyond their investments is limited to circumstances in which the Portfolio itself would be unable to meet its obligations.
The Trust will not have an Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Special Meetings may be convened (i) by the Board (ii) upon written request to the Board by the holders of at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust, or (iii) upon the Board's failure to honor the shareholders' request as described above, by holders of at least 10% of the outstanding shares giving notice of the special meeting to the shareholders.
ITEM 23. PURCHASE, REDEMPTION, AND PRICING OF SHARES
MANNER IN WHICH SHARES ARE OFFERED
Shares of the Portfolio are being offered to Lending Funds in connection with State Street's Securities Lending Program.
Shares for the Portfolio are sold in private placement transactions that do not involve any public offering within the meaning of Section (4)(a)(2) under the 1933 Act. Shares of the Portfolio are sold directly by the Trust without a distributor and are not subject to a sales load or redemption fee. Additionally, assets of the Portfolio are not subject to fees permitted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
VALUATION OF FUND SHARES
Pricing of shares of the Portfolio does not occur on New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) holidays. The NYSE is open for trading every weekday except for: (a) the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Birthday, Washington's Birthday (the third Monday in February), Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day; and (b) the preceding Friday or the subsequent Monday when one of the calendar-determined holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. Purchases and withdrawals will be effected at the time of determination of NAV next following the receipt of any purchase or withdrawal order, which is determined to be in good order. The Portfolio's securities will be valued pursuant to guidelines established by the Board.
The Portfolio calculates its NAV per share to two decimal places. The Portfolio determines its NAV per share once each business day as of 3:30 pm on a scheduled trading day on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE), except for Columbus Day and Veterans Day. In unusual circumstances, such as an emergency or an unscheduled close or halt of trading on the NYSE, the time at which share prices are determined may be changed. The NAV per share of the Portfolio is based on the market value of the investments held in the Portfolio. The Portfolio values each security or other investment pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Board has appointed the Adviser as the valuation designee to fair value securities or other investments pursuant to procedures approved by the Board, under certain limited circumstances. For example, fair value pricing may be used when market quotations are not readily available or reliable, such as when (i) trading for a security is restricted; or (ii) a significant event, as determined by the Adviser, that may affect the value of one or more securities or other investments held by the Portfolio occurs after the close of a related exchange but before the determination of the Portfolio's NAV. Attempts to determine the fair value of securities or other investments introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities or other investments. As a result, the price of a security or other investment determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the price the Portfolio would have received had it sold the investment. To the extent that the Portfolio invests in the shares of other registered open-end investment companies that are not traded on an exchange (mutual funds), such shares are valued at their published NAV per share as reported by the funds. The prospectuses of these funds explain the circumstances under which the funds will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
In accordance with certain federal regulations, the Trust is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each entity that applies to open an account, including, in certain cases, information concerning such entity's beneficial owners. For this reason, when you open (or change ownership of) an account, the Trust will request certain information, including your name, address and taxpayer identification number, which will be used to verify your identity. If you are unable to provide sufficient information to verify your identity, the Trust will not open an account for you. As required by law,
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the Trust may employ various procedures, such as comparing your information to fraud databases or requesting additional information and documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct. The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase for any reason, including failure to provide the Trust with information necessary to confirm your identity as required by law.
ITEM 24. TAXATION
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
The following discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Portfolio is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this Part B. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Portfolio. There may be other tax considerations applicable to particular shareholders.
Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding their particular situation and the possible application of foreign, state and local tax laws.
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans or tax-advantaged arrangements. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of the Portfolio as an investment through such plans and arrangements and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situations.
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company
The Portfolio has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M of the Code and intends each year to qualify and be eligible to be treated as such. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, the Portfolio must, among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Portfolio's taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets and no more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) no more than 25% of its assets are invested, including through corporations in which the Portfolio owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers, which the Portfolio controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades and businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and (c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid — generally taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and net tax-exempt income, for such year.
In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership, which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in section (a)(i) of the preceding paragraph), will be treated as qualifying income. In general, qualified publicly traded partnerships will be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, because they meet the passive income requirement under Code Section 7704(c)(2). Further, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
For purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular investment can depend on the terms and conditions
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of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Portfolio's ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.
If the Portfolio qualifies as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment, the Portfolio will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income or gains distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). If the Portfolio were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution test described above, the Portfolio could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Portfolio-level tax, paying interest or disposing of certain assets. If the Portfolio were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or if the Portfolio were otherwise to fail to qualify as a RIC accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, the Portfolio would be subject to tax at the Portfolio level on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income (if any) and net capital gains (as defined below), would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions may be eligible for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders and may be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals, provided, in both cases, the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Portfolio's shares (as described below). In addition, the Portfolio could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.
The Portfolio intends to distribute at least annually to its shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and its net tax-exempt income (if any), and may distribute its net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards). Any taxable income retained by the Portfolio will be subject to tax at the Portfolio level at regular corporate rates. If the Portfolio retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but it is permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gain in a timely notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Portfolio on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly-filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If the Portfolio makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Portfolio will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder's gross income under clause (a) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (b) of the preceding sentence. The Portfolio is not required to, and there can be no assurance the Portfolio will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.
In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income, and its earnings and profits, a RIC generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to any such portion of the taxable year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss, if any, from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss, if any, attributable to the portion of the taxable year, if any, after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.
If the Portfolio were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 of such year (or for the one-year period ending November 30 or December 31, if the Portfolio is eligible to elect and so elects), plus any such amounts retained from the prior year, the Portfolio would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For purposes of the required excise tax distribution, a RIC's ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would otherwise be taken into account after October 31 of a calendar year (or November 30 of that year, if the RIC makes the election described above) generally are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year; in the case of a RIC with a December 31 year end that makes the election described above, no such gains or losses will be so treated. Also, for these purposes, the Portfolio will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to corporate income tax for the taxable year ending within the calendar year. The Portfolio intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax although there can be no assurance it will do so. Distributions declared by the Portfolio during October, November and December to shareholders of record on a date in any such month and paid by the Portfolio during the following January will be treated
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for federal tax purposes as paid by the Portfolio and received by shareholders on December 31 of the year in which declared. In addition, if the Portfolio were to qualify as a personal holding company, it might have to comply with additional requirements with respect to its distributions to shareholders in order to avoid the fund-level tax under the personal holding company rules of the Code.
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (net capital losses) are not permitted to be deducted against the Portfolio's net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Portfolio may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent taxable years. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Portfolio retains or distributes such gains. The Portfolio may carry net capital losses forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration; any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term. The Portfolio must apply such carryforwards first against gains of the same character.
Taxation of Distributions Received by Shareholders
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Portfolio owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Portfolio shares. In general, the Portfolio will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on the disposition of assets the Portfolio has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on the disposition of investments the Portfolio has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Distributions of net capital gain properly reported by the Portfolio as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) generally will be taxable to a shareholder receiving such distributions as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates relative to ordinary income. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards. The IRS and the Department of the Treasury have issued regulations that impose special rules in respect of Capital Gain Dividends received through partnership interests constituting applicable partnership interests under Section 1061 of the Code. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of investment income properly reported by the Portfolio as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to net capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Portfolio level. The Portfolio does not expect to realize any significant long-term capital gains or losses or qualified dividend income.
The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, net investment income generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the Portfolio of net investment income and capital gains, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption, exchange or other taxable disposition of Portfolio shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Portfolio.
Shareholders of the Portfolio will be subject to U.S. federal income taxes as described herein on distributions made by the Portfolio whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Portfolio.
If the Portfolio makes a distribution to a shareholder in excess of the Portfolio's current and accumulated earnings and profits in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of such shareholder's tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder's tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.
Distributions with respect to the Portfolio's shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Portfolio's realized income and gains, even though such distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder's investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Portfolio's NAV includes either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid. Such distributions may reduce the fair market value of the Portfolio's shares below the shareholder's cost basis in those shares. As described above, the Portfolio is required to distribute realized income and gains regardless of whether the Portfolio's NAV also reflects unrealized losses.
In order for some portion of the dividends received by the Portfolio shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Portfolio must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend-paying stocks held by the Portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Portfolio's shares. In general, a
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dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Portfolio or shareholder level) (a) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (b) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (c) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (d) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (i) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (ii) treated as a passive foreign investment company.
In general, distributions of investment income properly reported by the Portfolio as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income in the hands of a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to the Portfolio's shares. If the aggregate qualified dividends received by the Portfolio during any taxable year are 95% or more of the Portfolio's gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), then 100% of the Portfolio's dividends (other than dividends properly reported as Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. Since the Portfolio primarily holds investments that do not pay dividends, it is not expected that a substantial portion (if any) of the dividends paid by the Portfolio will qualify for the favorable income tax rates available to individuals on qualified dividend income.
In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of the Portfolio will qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the Portfolio from domestic corporations for the taxable year. A dividend will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (a) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Portfolio has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (b) to the extent that the Portfolio is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends-received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (x) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Portfolio or (y) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). Since the Portfolio primarily holds investments that do not pay dividends, it is not expected that a substantial portion (if any) of the dividends paid by the Portfolio will qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations.
Any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Portfolio in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Portfolio on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Portfolio, will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.
As required by federal law, detailed federal tax information with respect to each calendar year will be furnished to each shareholder early in the succeeding year.
Redemptions and Exchanges
Redemptions and exchanges of the Portfolio's shares are taxable events. Gain, if any, resulting from the redemption of Portfolio shares generally will also be taxable to you as either short-term or long-term capital gain, depending upon how long you held such Portfolio shares, except that, as and where the Portfolio is not a publicly offered RIC (as described below), in certain circumstances it is possible that the proceeds of a redemption of Portfolio shares may be taxable as dividend income or a return of capital.
A RIC is considered publicly offered if its shares are continuously offered pursuant to a public offering, its shares are regularly traded on an established securities exchange, or it has at least 500 shareholders at all times during a taxable year. Because shares of the Portfolio are not so registered or traded, and the Portfolio is not expected to have at least 500 shareholders at all times during the taxable year, a portion or all the proceeds of redemptions of Portfolio shares may be treated as dividends. If a shareholder redeems fewer than all of its shares, such shareholder may be treated as having received a distribution under Section 301 of the Code (a Section 301 distribution) unless the redemption is treated as
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being either (i) substantially disproportionate with respect to such shareholder by satisfying certain numerical tests relating to the reduction in the redeeming shareholder's percentage interest, and percentage voting interest, in the Portfolio, or (ii) otherwise not essentially equivalent to a dividend under the relevant rules of the Code. For any period during which the Portfolio has a single shareholder, all redemption distributions will be treated as Section 301 distributions. A Section 301 distribution is not treated as a sale or exchange giving rise to a capital gain or loss, but rather is treated as a dividend to the extent supported by the Portfolio's current and accumulated earnings and profits, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the shareholder's tax basis in the Portfolio shares, and thereafter as capital gain.
In addition, as and where the Portfolio is not considered so publicly offered, certain shareholders will be deemed to receive distributions equal to their allocable shares of certain expenses paid by the Portfolio. Very generally, expenses that are deemed distributed by the Portfolio include those paid or incurred during a calendar year that are deductible in determining the Portfolio's investment company taxable income for a taxable year beginning or ending within that calendar year, including in particular its advisory fee, but excluding those expenses incurred by virtue of the Portfolio's organization as a registered investment company (such as its registration fees, trustees' fees, expenses of periodic trustees' and shareholders' meetings, transfer agent fees, certain legal and accounting fees, the expenses of shareholder communications required by law, and certain other expenses). Shareholders of the Portfolio that will be deemed to have received distributions of such expenses include (i) individuals taxable in the U.S. or persons calculating their taxable income in the same way as do such individuals and (ii) pass-through entities having such an individual or person or another pass-through entity as an interest holder or beneficiary. Such deemed distributions of expenses are not deductible under current law by those direct or indirect shareholders who are individuals (or entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as an individual). The deemed distributions of expenses could as a result increase a shareholder's net taxes owed, lowering the Portfolio's effective yield with respect to such a shareholder.
Further, all or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Portfolio shares will generally be disallowed under the Code's wash sale rule if other substantially identical shares are purchased, including by means of dividend reinvestment, within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
The Code's wash sale rule may also apply to certain redemptions and exchanges by non-U.S. shareholders. See Non-U.S. Shareholders below.
Tax Implications of Certain Portfolio Investments
Special Rules for Debt Obligations. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, OID is treated as interest income and is included in the Portfolio's income and required to be distributed by the Portfolio over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income, which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Portfolio holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired in the secondary market by the Portfolio may be treated as having market discount. Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its revised issue price) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt obligation. Alternatively, the Portfolio may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Portfolio will be required to include the accrued market discount in income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. If the Fund makes the election referred to in the preceding sentence, then the rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Portfolio's income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Portfolio elects.
If the Portfolio holds the foregoing kinds of obligations or other obligations subject to special rules under the Code, the Portfolio, may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Portfolio actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Portfolio or, if necessary, by disposition of portfolio securities, including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. These
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dispositions may cause the Portfolio to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates) and, in the event the Portfolio realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger Capital Gain Dividend than they would have if the Portfolio had not held such obligations.
A portion of the OID accrued on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the issuer and will instead be treated as a dividend paid by the issuer for purposes of the dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Portfolio may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID.
Securities Purchased at a Premium. Very generally, where the Portfolio purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity — that is, at a premium — the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the Portfolio makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Portfolio reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds acquired on or after January 4, 2013, the Portfolio is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period.
At-risk or Defaulted Debt Obligations. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Portfolio. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Portfolio may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount; whether, when or to what extent the Portfolio should recognize market discount on such debt obligations; when and to what extent the Portfolio may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities; and how the Portfolio should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Portfolio when, as and if it invests in such obligations, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Certain Investments in REITs. Any investment by the Portfolio in equity securities of real estate investment trusts qualifying as such under Subchapter M of the Code (REITs) may result in the Portfolio's receipt of cash in excess of the REIT's earnings; if the Portfolio distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Portfolio shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by the Portfolio from a REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.
Distributions by the Portfolio to its shareholders that the Portfolio properly reports as Section 199A dividends, as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, are treated as qualified REIT dividends in the hands of non-corporate shareholders. Non-corporate shareholders are permitted a federal income tax deduction equal to 20% of qualified REIT dividends received by them, subject to certain limitations. Very generally, a Section 199A dividend is any dividend or portion thereof that is attributable to certain dividends received by a RIC from REITs, to the extent such dividends are properly reported as such by the RIC in a written notice to its shareholders. A Section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. The Portfolio is permitted to report such part of its dividends as Section 199A dividends as are eligible, but it is not required to do so. It is not expected that a substantial portion (if any) of the dividends paid by the Portfolio will qualify as Section 199A dividends.
Certain Investments in Mortgage Pooling Vehicles. Special rules may apply if the Portfolio invests, directly or indirectly, in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) (including by investing in residual interests in CMOs with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs). Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Portfolio's income (including income allocated to the Portfolio from certain pass-through entities) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a RIC, such as the Portfolio, will be allocated to shareholders of the RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, a RIC investing in such securities may not be a suitable investment for charitable remainder trusts (CRTs), as noted below.
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In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and that otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.
Foreign Currency Transactions. Any transaction by the Portfolio in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations or certain foreign currency options, futures contracts or forward contracts (or similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Any such net gains could require a larger dividend toward the end of the calendar year. Any such net losses will generally reduce and potentially require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate the Portfolio's distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Portfolio to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.
Options and Futures. In general, option premiums received by the Portfolio are not immediately included in the income of the Portfolio. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Portfolio transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by the Portfolio is exercised and the Portfolio sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Portfolio generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Portfolio minus (b) the Portfolio's basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by the Portfolio pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Portfolio generally will subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the securities purchased. Gain or loss arising in respect of a termination of the Portfolio's obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Portfolio is greater or less than the amount paid by the Portfolio (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Portfolio expires unexercised, the Portfolio generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.
The Portfolio's options activities may include transactions constituting straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that is, that trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Such straddles include, for example, positions in a particular security, or an index of securities, and one or more options that offset the former position, including options that are covered by the Portfolio's long position in the subject security. Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to substantially similar or related property, to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not deep in the money may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are in the money although not deep in the money will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.
The tax treatment of certain positions entered into by the Portfolio, including regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency positions and certain listed non-equity options, will be governed by Section 1256 of the Code (Section 1256 contracts). Gains or losses on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (60/40), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256 contracts held by the Portfolio at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are marked to market with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.
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Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions. In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, the Portfolio's transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements), as well as any of its hedging, short sale, securities loan or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Portfolio are treated as ordinary or capital, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Portfolio, defer losses to the Portfolio, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Portfolio's securities, thereby affecting, among other things, whether capital gains and losses are treated as short-term or long-term. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders.
Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Portfolio has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a Portfolio-level tax.
Commodity-Linked Instruments. The Portfolio's direct or indirect investments in commodities and commodity-linked instruments can be limited by the Portfolio's intention to qualify as a RIC, and can bear on the Portfolio's ability to qualify as such. Income and gains from commodities and certain commodity-linked instruments do not constitute qualifying income to a RIC for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. The tax treatment of some other commodity-linked instruments in which the Portfolio might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. If the Portfolio were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Portfolio's nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Portfolio would fail to qualify as a RIC unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Portfolio level.
Book-Tax Differences. Certain of the Portfolio's investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and any of the Portfolio's transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If such a difference arises, and the Portfolio's book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income, the Portfolio could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment and to avoid an entity-level tax. In the alternative, if the Portfolio's book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income (including realized capital gains) and net tax-exempt income, the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Portfolio's remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient's basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.
Foreign Taxation
The Portfolio's income, proceeds and gains from sources within foreign countries may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes, which will reduce the yield on those investments. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If, at the close of the Portfolio's taxable year, more than 50% of the assets of the Portfolio consists of the securities of foreign corporations, the Portfolio may elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction (but not both) on their income tax returns for their pro rata portions of qualified taxes paid by the Portfolio to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities that the Portfolio has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes paid by the Portfolio.
A shareholder's ability to claim an offsetting foreign tax credit or deduction in respect of foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio is subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, which may result in the shareholder's not receiving a full credit or deduction (if any) for the amount of such taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize on their U.S. federal income tax returns may claim a credit (but not a deduction) for such foreign taxes. Even if the Portfolio is eligible to make such an election for a given year, it may determine not to do so.
Under certain circumstances, if the Portfolio receives a refund of foreign taxes paid in respect of a prior year, the value of Portfolio Shares could be affected or any foreign tax credits or deductions passed through to shareholders in respect of the Portfolio's foreign taxes for the current year could be reduced.
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Backup Withholding
The Portfolio generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Portfolio with a correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Portfolio that he or she is not subject to such withholding.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Income of a RIC that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity generally will not constitute UBTI when distributed to a tax-exempt shareholder of the RIC. Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Portfolio if shares in the Portfolio constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b).
A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if the Portfolio recognizes excess inclusion income derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs if the amount of such income recognized by the Portfolio exceeds the Portfolio's investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Portfolio).
In addition, special tax consequences apply to CRTs that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of investing in a RIC that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a RIC that recognizes excess inclusion income, then the RIC will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Portfolio may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder's distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder's interest in the Portfolio. CRTs are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Portfolio.
Tax Shelter Reporting
Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or a greater loss over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Non-U.S. Shareholders
Non-U.S. shareholders in the Portfolio should consult their tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of ownership of shares in the Portfolio. Distributions by the Portfolio to shareholders that are not U.S. persons within the meaning of the Code (foreign shareholders) properly reported by the Portfolio as (1) Capital Gain Dividends, (2) short-term capital gain dividends, and (3) interest-related dividends, each as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, generally are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax.
In general, the Code defines (1) short-term capital gain dividends as distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses and (2) interest-related dividends as distributions from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, in each case to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Portfolio in a written notice to shareholders. The exceptions to withholding for Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain dividends do not apply to (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods
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aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions attributable to gain that is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States under special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests (USRPIs) as described below. The exception to withholding for interest-related dividends does not apply to distributions to a foreign shareholder (i) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (ii) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (iii) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (iv) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation. If the Portfolio invests in a RIC that pays such distributions to the Portfolio, such distributions retain their character as not subject to withholding if properly reported when paid by the Portfolio to foreign shareholders. The Portfolio is permitted to report such parts of its dividends as are eligible to be treated as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, but it is not required to do so. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Portfolio reports all or a portion of a payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders.
Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of withholding rules to their accounts.
Distributions by the Portfolio to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends (e.g., dividends attributable to dividend and foreign-source interest income or to short-term capital gains or U.S. source interest income to which the exception from withholding described above does not apply) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).
A foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Portfolio unless (a) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such holder within the United States, (b) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met, or (c) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the foreign shareholder's sale of shares of the Portfolio (as described below).
Foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from the Portfolio is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the foreign person within the United States will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Portfolio at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares of the Portfolio and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.
Special rules would apply if the Portfolio were a qualified investment entity (QIE) because it is either a U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition thereof. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation's USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other trade or business assets. USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A fund that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in REITs may be a USRPHC. Interests in domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and RICs that are QIEs, not-greater-than-10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in RICs generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether the Portfolio is a QIE. If an interest in the Portfolio were a USRPI, the Portfolio would be required to withhold U.S. tax on the proceeds of a share redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder, in which case such foreign shareholder generally would also be required to file U.S. tax returns and pay any additional taxes due in connection with the redemption.
If the Portfolio were a QIE under a special look-through rule, any distributions by the Portfolio to a foreign shareholder attributable directly or indirectly to (i) distributions received by the Portfolio from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Portfolio is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands and (ii) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Portfolio, would retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Portfolio's foreign shareholders and would be subject to U.S. tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a
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U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the foreign shareholder's current and past ownership of the Portfolio. The Portfolio generally does not expect that it will be a QIE.
Foreign shareholders of the Portfolio also may be subject to wash sale rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and –payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Portfolio shares.
Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Portfolio.
In order for a foreign shareholder to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or from lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from back-up withholding, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E or substitute form). Non-U.S. investors in the Portfolio should consult their tax advisers in this regard.
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Portfolio shares through foreign partnerships. Additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Portfolio shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisers about their particular situation.
A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax on income referred to above.
Shareholder Reporting Obligations with Respect To Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Portfolio by vote or value could be required to report annually their financial interest in the Portfolio's foreign financial accounts, if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor, and persons investing in the Portfolio through an intermediary should contact their intermediary, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, FATCA) generally require the Portfolio to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an IGA) between the United States and a foreign government. If a shareholder fails to provide the requested information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Portfolio may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends it pays. The IRS and the Department of Treasury have issued proposed regulations providing that these withholding rules will not apply to the gross proceeds of share redemptions or Capital Gain Dividends the Portfolio pays. If a payment by the Portfolio is subject to FATCA withholding, the Portfolio is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends).
Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor's own situation, including investments through an intermediary.
Cost Basis Reporting
U.S. Treasury regulations mandate cost basis reporting to shareholders and the IRS for redemptions of Portfolio shares. With respect to shares acquired and held directly through the Portfolio and not through a financial intermediary, the Portfolio will use a default average cost basis methodology for tracking and reporting cost basis on Portfolio shares, unless another cost basis reporting methodology is requested in writing.
General Considerations
The U.S. federal income tax discussion set forth above is for general information only. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisers regarding the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences of purchasing, holding, and disposing of shares of the Portfolio, as well as the effects of state, local, foreign, and other tax laws and any proposed tax law changes.
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ITEM 25. UNDERWRITERS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 26. CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE DATA
Not applicable.
ITEM 27. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for the Portfolio, including E&Y's report for the Portfolio thereon, are included in the Trust's Annual Report to Shareholders, which was filed with the SEC on March 8, 2023 (SEC Accession No. 0001193125-23-064238), and are incorporated into this Part B by reference.
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APPENDIX A
RATINGS OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (MOODY'S)
GLOBAL LONG-TERM RATING SCALE
Ratings assigned on Moody's global long-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a (hyb) indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*
*
By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.
GLOBAL SHORT-TERM RATING SCALE
Ratings assigned on Moody's global short-term rating scale are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
P-1: Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-2: Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-3: Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
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S&P GLOBAL RATINGS (S&P)
ISSUE CREDIT RATING DEFINITIONS
An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings' view of the obligor's capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
LONG-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS*
AAA: An obligation rated ‘AAA' has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: An obligation rated ‘AA' differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A: An obligation rated ‘A' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBB' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB; B; CCC; CC; and C: Obligations rated ‘BB', ‘B', ‘CCC', ‘CC', and ‘C' are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB' indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C' the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated ‘BB' is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated ‘B' is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB', but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated ‘CCC' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated ‘CC' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC' rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C: An obligation rated ‘C' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D: An obligation rated ‘D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
NR: This indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.
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*
Ratings from 'AA' to 'CCC' may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
SHORT-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS
A-1: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1' is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B: A short-term obligation rated ‘B' is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C: A short-term obligation rated ‘C' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D: A short-term obligation rated ‘D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to ‘D' if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
FITCH RATINGS. (FITCH)
ISSUER DEFAULT RATINGS
Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns, insurance companies and certain sectors within public finance, are generally assigned Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs). IDRs are also assigned to certain entities in global infrastructure and project finance. IDRs opine on an entity's relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The threshold default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts.
In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agency's view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default.
AAA: Highest credit quality.
‘AAA' ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very high credit quality.
‘AA' ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High credit quality.
‘A' ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
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BBB: Good credit quality.
‘BBB' ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative.
‘BB' ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly speculative.
‘B' ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial credit risk.
Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very high levels of credit risk.
Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Near default
A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C' category rating for an issuer include:
a.
the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;
b.
the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation;
c.
the formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange;
d.
a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent.
RD: Restricted default.
‘RD' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has experienced:
a.
an uncured payment default or distressed debt exchange on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but
b.
has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and
c.
has not otherwise ceased operating.
This would include:
i.
the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;
ii.
the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;
iii.
the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D: Default.
‘D' ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.
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Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
SHORT-TERM RATINGS ASSIGNED TO ISSUERS AND OBLIGATIONS
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as short term based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
Note: The modifiers + or - may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. For example, the rating category ‘AA' has three notch-specific rating levels (‘AA+'; ‘AA'; ‘AA-'; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to ‘AAA' ratings and ratings below the 'CCC' category. For the short-term rating category of ‘F1', a ‘+' may be appended. For Viability Ratings, the modifiers + or may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within categories fromAA' to ‘CCC'. For derivative counterparty ratings the modifiers + or may be appended to the ratings within ‘AA(dcr)' to ‘CCC(dcr)' categories.
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APPENDIX B
SSGA FUNDS
STATE STREET MASTER FUNDS
STATE STREET INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT TRUST
ELFUN GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND
ELFUN TAX EXEMPT INCOME FUND
ELFUN INCOME FUND
ELFUN DIVERSIFIED FUND
ELFUN INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND
ELFUN TRUSTS
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
As of September 20, 2017
The Boards of Trustees of the SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Tax Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund and Elfun Trusts (each a Trust, and each series thereof, a Fund)1 have adopted the following policy and procedures with respect to voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Trust's investment portfolios.
1. Proxy Voting Policy
The policy of the Trust is to delegate the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Trust to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., the Trust's investment adviser (the Adviser), subject to the Trustees' continuing oversight.
2. Fiduciary Duty
The right to vote proxies with respect to a portfolio security held by the Trust is an asset of the Trust. The Adviser acts as a fiduciary of the Trust and must vote proxies in a manner consistent with the best interest of the Trust and its shareholders.
3. Proxy Voting Procedures
A. At least annually, the Adviser shall present to the Boards of Trustees its policies, procedures and other guidelines for voting proxies (Policy) and the policy of any Sub-adviser (as defined below) to which proxy voting authority has been delegated (see Section 9 below). In addition, the Adviser shall notify the Trustees of material changes to its Policy or the policy of any Sub-adviser promptly and not later than the next regular meeting of the Board of Trustees after such amendment is implemented.
1
Unless otherwise noted, the singular term Trust used throughout this document means each of SSGA Funds, State Street Master Funds, State Street Institutional Investment Trust, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, Elfun Government Money Market Fund, Elfun Tax Exempt Income Fund, Elfun Income Fund, Elfun Diversified Fund, Elfun International Equity Fund and Elfun Trusts.
B. At least annually, the Adviser shall present to the Boards of Trustees its policy for managing conflicts of interests that may arise through the Adviser's proxy voting activities. In addition, the Adviser shall report any Policy overrides involving portfolio securities held by a Fund to the Trustees at the next regular meeting of the Board of Trustees after such override(s) occur.
C. At least annually, the Adviser shall inform the Trustees that a record is available with respect to each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Trust during the year. Also see Section 5 below.
4. Revocation of Authority to Vote
The delegation by the Trustees of the authority to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Trust may be revoked by the Trustees, in whole or in part, at any time.
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5. Annual Filing of Proxy Voting Record
The Adviser shall provide the required data for each proxy voted with respect to portfolio securities of the Trust to the Trust or its designated service provider in a timely manner and in a format acceptable to be filed in the Trust's annual proxy voting report on Form N-PX for the twelve-month period ended June 30. Form N-PX is required to be filed not later than August 31 of each year.
6. Retention and Oversight of Proxy Advisory Firms
A. In considering whether to retain or continue retaining a particular proxy advisory firm, the Adviser will ascertain whether the proxy advisory firm has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues, act as proxy voting agent as requested, and implement the Policy. In this regard, the Adviser will consider, at least annually, among other things, the adequacy and quality of the proxy advisory firm's staffing and personnel and the robustness of its policies and procedures regarding its ability to identify and address any conflicts of interest. The Adviser shall, at least annually, report to Boards of Trustees regarding the results of this review.
B. The Adviser will request quarterly and annual reporting from any proxy advisory firm retained by the Adviser, and hold ad hoc meetings with such proxy advisory firm, in order to determine whether there has been any business changes that might impact the proxy advisory firm's capacity or competency to provide proxy voting advice or services or changes to the proxy advisory firm's conflicts policies or procedures. The Adviser will also take reasonable steps to investigate any material factual error, notified to the Adviser by the proxy advisory firm or identified by the Adviser, made by the proxy advisory firm in providing proxy voting services.
7. Periodic Sampling
The Adviser will periodically sample proxy votes to review whether they complied with the Policy. The Adviser shall, at least annually, report to the Boards of Trustees regarding the frequency and results of the sampling performed.
8. Disclosures
A.
The Trust shall include in its registration statement:
1. A description of this policy and of the policies and procedures used by the Adviser to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities; and
1. A statement disclosing that information regarding how the Trust voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust's toll-free telephone number; or through a specified Internet address; or both; and on the Securities and Exchange Commission's (the SEC) website.
B.
The Trust shall include in its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders:
1. A statement disclosing that a description of the policies and procedures used by or on behalf of the Trust to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Funds is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust's toll-free telephone number; through a specified Internet address, if applicable; and on the SEC's website; and
2. A statement disclosing that information regarding how the Trust voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling the Trust's toll-free telephone number; or through a specified Internet address; or both; and on the SEC's website.
9. Sub-Advisers
For certain Funds, the Adviser may retain investment management firms (Sub-advisers) to provide day-to-day investment management services to the Funds pursuant to sub-advisory agreements. It is the policy of the Trust that the Adviser may delegate proxy voting authority with respect to a Fund to a Sub-adviser. Pursuant to such delegation, a Sub-adviser is authorized to vote proxies on behalf of the applicable Fund or Funds for which it serves as sub-adviser, in accordance with the Sub-adviser's proxy voting policies and procedures.
10. Review of Policy
The Trustees shall review this policy to determine its continued sufficiency as necessary from time to time.
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APPENDIX C - ADVISER’S PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES

 

 

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March 2023

Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles

State Street Global Advisors, one of the industry’s largest institutional asset managers, is the investment management arm of State Street Corporation, a leading provider of financial services to institutional investors. As an investment manager, State Street Global Advisors has discretionary proxy voting authority over most of its client accounts, and State Street Global Advisors votes these proxies in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments, as described in this document.i

 

 

 

  i

These Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles (the “Principles”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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State Street Global Advisors’ Authority and Duties to Vote Client and Fund Securities     Where State Street Global Advisors’ clients have asked it to vote their shares on their behalf or where a commingled fund fiduciary has delegated the responsibility to vote the fund’s securities to State Street Global Advisors, State Street Global Advisors votes those client and fund-owned securities in a unified manner, consistent with the Principles described in this document. Exceptions to this unified voting policy are: (1) where State Street Global Advisors has made proxy voting choices (i.e., the proxy voting program) available to investors within a commingled fund, in which case a pro rata portion of shares held by the fund attributable to investors who choose to participate in the proxy voting program would be voted consistent with the third-party proxy voting policies selected by the investors, and (2) in the limited circumstances where a pooled investment vehicle managed by State Street Global Advisors utilizes a third party proxy voting guideline as set forth in that fund’s organizational and/or offering documents. With respect to such funds utilizing third-party proxy voting guidelines, the terms of the applicable third-party proxy voting guidelines shall apply in place of the Principles described herein and the proxy votes implemented with respect to such a fund may differ from and be contrary to those votes implemented for other portfolios managed by State Street Global Advisors pursuant to its proprietary proxy voting guidelines.
   
The Principles-State Street Global Advisors’ Approach to Proxy Voting and Issuer Engagement     At State Street Global Advisors, we take our fiduciary duties as an asset manager very seriously. We have a dedicated team of corporate governance professionals who help us carry out our duties as a responsible investor. These duties include engaging with companies, developing and enhancing in-house corporate governance guidelines, analyzing corporate governance issues on a case-by-case basis at the company level, and exercising voting rights. The underlying goal is to maximize shareholder value.
    The Principles may take different perspectives on common governance issues that vary from one market to another. Similarly, engagement activity may take different forms in order to best achieve long-term engagement goals. Rather than divesting from portfolio companies, our approach is to engage with such companies. We believe that proxy voting and engagement with portfolio companies is often the most direct and productive way for shareholders to exercise their ownership rights. This comprehensive toolkit is an integral part of the overall investment process.
    We believe engagement and voting activity have a direct relationship. As a result, the integration of our engagement activities, while leveraging the exercise of voting rights, provides a meaningful shareholder tool that we believe protects and enhances the long- term economic value of the holdings in our clients’ accounts. We maximize voting power and engagement by maintaining a centralized proxy voting and active ownership process covering all holdings, regardless of strategy. Despite the vast array of investment strategies and objectives across State Street Global Advisors, the fiduciary responsibilities of share ownership and voting for which State Street Global Advisors has voting discretion are carried out with a single voice and objective.

 

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    The Principles support governance structures that we believe add to, or maximize, shareholder value for the companies held in our clients’ portfolios. We conduct issuer-specific engagements with companies to discuss our principles, including sustainability-related risks and opportunities. In addition, we encourage issuers to find ways to increase the amount of direct communication board members have with shareholders. Direct communication with executive board members and independent non-executive directors is critical to helping companies understand shareholder concerns.
    In conducting our engagements, we also evaluate the various factors that influence the corporate governance framework of a country, including the macroeconomic conditions and broader political system, the quality of regulatory oversight, the enforcement of property and shareholder rights, and the independence of the judiciary. We understand that regulatory requirements and investor expectations relating to governance practices and engagement activities differ from country to country. As a result, we engage with issuers, regulators, or a combination of the two depending upon the market. We are also a member of various investor associations that seek to address broader corporate governance-related policy at the country level.
    The State Street Global Advisors Asset Stewardship Team may consult with members of various investment teams to engage with companies on corporate governance issues and to address any specific concerns. This facilitates our comprehensive approach to information gathering as it relates to items that are to be voted upon at upcoming shareholder meetings. We also conduct issuer-specific engagements with companies, covering various corporate governance and sustainability-related topics outside of proxy season.
    The Asset Stewardship Team employs a blend of quantitative and qualitative research, analysis and data in order to support screens that identify issuers where active engagement may be necessary to protect and promote shareholder value. Issuer engagement may also be event-driven, focusing on issuer-specific corporate governance or sustainability concerns, or broader industry-related trends. We also consider the size of our total position in the issuer in question and/or the potential negative governance, performance profile, and circumstance at hand. As a result, we believe issuer engagement can take many forms and be triggered by numerous circumstances. The following approaches represent how we define engagement methods:
   
Active     We use screening tools designed to capture a mix of company-specific data, including governance and sustainability profiles, to inform our voting and engagement activity.

 

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    We will actively seek direct dialogue with the board and management of companies that we have identified through our screening processes. Such engagements may lead to further monitoring to ensure that the company improves its governance or sustainability practices. In these cases, the engagement process represents the most meaningful opportunity for us to protect long-term shareholder value from excessive risk due to poor governance and sustainability practices.
   
Reactive     Reactive engagement is initiated by issuers. We routinely discuss specific voting issues and items with the issuer community. Reactive engagement is an opportunity to address not only voting items, but also a wide range of governance and sustainability issues.
    We have established an engagement protocol that further describes our approach to issuer engagement.
   
Measurement     Our stewardship activities are designed to have an impact on company-specific and market-level disclosure and oversight practices that we believe protect and promote shareholder value.
    Company-specific successes Assessing the effectiveness of our company-specific engagement process can be challenging to measure. To limit subjectivity in measuring our success, we actively seek issuer feedback and monitor the actions taken by issuers post-engagement in order to identify tangible changes. This enables us to establish indicators to gauge how issuers respond to our concerns and to what degree these responses satisfy our requests. It is also important to note that successful engagement activity can be measured over multiple years depending on the facts and circumstances involved. These engagements not only inform our voting decisions but also allow us to monitor improvement over time and to contribute to our evolving perspectives on priority areas. We also track the impact of our proxy votes by reviewing changing trends in market practices on specific corporate-governance or sustainability-related issues that we address through voting action. We report engagement and voting actions to clients on an annual basis.
    Market-level successes We track the broader adoption of our stewardship priorities — Effective Board Oversight, Climate Risk Management, Human Capital Management, and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion - which we consider core to creating long-term value, by assessing the number of market participants that have embraced positions consistent with our thought leadership and advocacy.

 

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Proxy Voting Procedure    
 
Oversight    
 
    The Asset Stewardship Team is responsible for developing and implementing State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, regional proxy voting and engagement guidelines, and guidance published thereunder by State Street Global Advisors from time to time, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html (collectively, the “Voting Policy”), the implementation of third-party proxy voting guidelines where applicable, case-by-case voting items, issuer engagement activities, and research and analysis of governance-related issues. The Asset Stewardship Team’s activities are overseen by our internal governance body, State Street Global Advisors’ ESG Committee (the “ESG Committee”). The ESG Committee is responsible for reviewing State Street Global Advisors’ stewardship strategy, engagement priorities, and proxy voting guidelines, and for monitoring the delivery of voting objectives.
 
Proxy Voting Process    
 
    In order to facilitate our proxy voting process, we retain Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”), a firm with expertise in proxy voting and corporate governance. We utilize ISS to: (1) act as our proxy voting agent (providing State Street Global Advisors with vote execution and administration services), (2) assist in applying the Voting Policy, (3) provide research and analysis relating to general corporate governance issues and specific proxy items, and (4) provide proxy voting guidelines in limited circumstances.
    All voting decisions and engagement activities are undertaken in accordance with our in-house Voting Policy, ensuring that the interests of our clients remain the sole consideration when discharging our stewardship responsibilities. Exceptions to this policy is the use of an independent third party to vote on State Street stock and other State Street Global Advisors affiliated entities, to mitigate a conflict of interest of voting on our parent company or affiliated entities, and other situations where we retain an independent fiduciary to make a voting decision where we believe we may be conflicted from voting (for example, due to an outside business interest). In such cases, delegated third parties exercise vote decisions based upon State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines.
    We aim to vote at all shareholder meetings where our clients have given us the authority to vote their shares and where it is feasible to do so. However, when we deem appropriate, we could refrain from voting at meetings in cases where:
   

•  Power of attorney documentation is required.

 

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•  Voting will have a material impact on our ability to trade the security.

   

•  Voting is not permissible due to sanctions affecting a company or individual.

   

•  Issuer-specific special documentation is required or various market or issuer certifications are required.

   

•  Unless a client directs otherwise, State Street Global Advisors will not vote proxies in so-called “share blocking” markets (markets where proxy voters have their securities blocked from trading during the period of the annual meeting).

    Additionally, we are unable to vote proxies when certain custodians, used by our clients, do not offer proxy voting in a jurisdiction or when they charge a meeting-specific fee in excess of the typical custody service agreement.
    In rare circumstances where nuances within specific resolutions fall outside of the scope of existing voting guidelines, requiring case-by-case analysis, such resolutions are escalated to the head of Asset Stewardship and reported to the ESG Committee. Additionally, in certain cases, where a material conflict of interest is identified, the matter may be referred to the ESG Committee for review.
   
Conflict of Interest     See our standalone Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines.
 
Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles    
   
Directors and Boards     The election of directors is one of the most important fiduciary duties we perform on behalf of our clients. We believe that well-governed companies can protect and pursue shareholder interests better and withstand the challenges of an uncertain economic environment. As such, we seek to vote director elections in a way that we believe will maximize long-term value.
    Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. This concept establishes the standard by which board and director performance is measured. In order to achieve this fundamental principle, the role of the board is to carry out its responsibilities in the best long-term interest of the company and its shareholders. An independent and effective board sets the strategy and provides guidance on strategic matters, oversees management, selects the CEO and other senior executives, creates a succession plan for the board and management, provides risk oversight, and assesses the performance of the CEO and management. In contrast, management implements the business and capital allocation strategies and runs the company’s day-to-day operations. As part of our engagement process, we routinely discuss the importance of these responsibilities with the boards of issuers.

 

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    We believe the quality of a board is a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. In voting to elect nominees, we consider many factors. We believe independent directors are crucial to good corporate governance; they help management
    establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. A sufficiently independent board will effectively monitor management, maintain appropriate governance practices, and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests. We also believe the right mix of skills, independence, diversity, and qualifications among directors provides boards with the knowledge and direct experience to manage risks and operating structures that are often complex and industry-specific.
   
Accounting and Audit- Related Issues     We believe audit committees are critical and necessary as part of the board’s risk oversight role. The audit committee is responsible for setting out an internal audit function that provides robust audit and internal control systems designed to effectively manage potential and emerging risks to the company’s operations and strategy. We believe audit committees should have independent directors as members, and we will hold the members of the audit committee responsible for overseeing the management of the audit function.
    We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. As a result, board oversight of the internal controls and the independence of the audit process are essential if investors are to rely upon financial statements. It is important for the audit committee to appoint external auditors who are independent from management as we expect auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition.
   
Capital Structure, Reorganization and Mergers     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to a shareholder’s ability to monitor the amounts of proceeds and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. Altering the capital structure of a company is a critical decision for boards. When making such a decision, we believe the company should disclose a comprehensive business rationale that is consistent with corporate strategy and not overly dilutive to its shareholders.
    Mergers or reorganization of the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation.
    Proposals that are in the best interests of shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In evaluating mergers and acquisitions, we consider the impact of the corporate governance provisions to shareholders. In all cases, we use our discretion in order to maximize shareholder value.

 

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    Occasionally, companies add anti-takeover provisions that reduce the chances of a potential acquirer to make an offer, or to reduce the likelihood of a successful offer. We do not support proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights, entrench management, or reduce the likelihood of shareholders’ right to vote on reasonable offers.
   
Compensation     We consider it the board’s responsibility to identify the appropriate level of executive compensation. Despite the differences among the types of plans and the awards possible, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive compensation: we believe that there should be a direct relationship between executive compensation and company performance over the long term.
    Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of various remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also consider executive compensation practices when re-electing members of the remuneration committee.
    We recognize that compensation policies and practices are unique from market to market; often there are significant differences between the level of disclosures, the amount and forms of compensation paid, and the ability of shareholders to approve executive compensation practices. As a result, our ability to assess the appropriateness of executive compensation is often dependent on market practices and laws.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social issues. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing a material environmental or social topic would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social topics, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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General/Routine     Although we do not seek involvement in the day-to-day operations of an organization, we recognize the need for conscientious oversight and input into management decisions that may affect a company’s value. We support proposals that encourage economically advantageous corporate practices and governance, while leaving decisions that are deemed to be routine or constitute ordinary business to management and the board of directors.
   
Fixed Income Stewardship     The two elements of our fixed income stewardship program are:
    Proxy Voting:
    While matters that arise for a vote at bondholder meetings vary by jurisdiction, examples of common proxy voting resolutions at bondholder meetings include:
   

•  Approving amendments to debt covenants and/or terms of issuance

   

•  Authorizing procedural matters, such as filing of required documents/other formalities

   

•  Approving debt restructuring plans

   

•  Abstaining from challenging the bankruptcy trustees

   

•  Authorizing repurchase of issued debt security

   

•  Approving the placement of unissued debt securities under the control of directors

   

•  Approving spin-off/absorption proposals

    Given the nature of the items that arise for vote at bondholder meetings, we take a case-by-case approach to voting bondholder resolutions. Where necessary, we will engage with issuers on voting matters prior to arriving at voting decisions. All voting decisions will be made in the best interest of our clients.
    Issuer Engagement:
    We recognize that debt holders have limited leverage with companies on a day-to-day basis. Our guidelines for engagement with fixed income issuers broadly follow the engagement guidelines for our equity holdings, as described above.
   
Securities on Loan     As a responsible investor and fiduciary, we recognize the importance of balancing the benefits of voting shares and the incremental lending revenue for the pooled funds that participate in State Street Global Advisors’ securities lending program (the “Funds”). Our objective is to recall securities on loan and restrict future lending until after the record date for the respective vote in instances where we believe that a particular vote could have a material impact on the Funds’ long-term financial performance and the benefit of voting shares will outweigh the forgone lending income.

 

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    Accordingly, we have set systematic recall and lending restriction criteria for shareholder meetings involving situations with the highest potential financial implications (such as proxy contests and strategic transactions including mergers and acquisitions, going dark transactions, change of corporate form, bankruptcy and liquidation).
    Generally, these criteria for recall and restriction for lending only apply to certain large cap indices in developed markets.
    State Street Global Advisors monitors the forgone lending revenue associated with each recall to determine if the impact on the Funds’ long-term financial performance and the benefit of voting shares will outweigh the forgone lending income.
    Although our objective is to systematically recall securities based on the aforementioned criteria, we must receive notice of the vote in sufficient time to recall the shares on or before the record date. In cases in which we do not receive timely notice, we may be unable to recall the shares on or before the record date.
   
Reporting     We provide transparency for our stewardship activities through our regular client reports and relevant information reported online. We publish an annual stewardship report that provides details of our stewardship approach, engagement and voting policies, and activities during the year. The annual report is complemented by quarterly stewardship activity reports as well as the regular publication of thought leadership on governance and sustainability on our website. Our voting record information is available on Vote View, an interactive platform that provides relevant company details, proposal types, resolution descriptions, and records of our votes cast.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
    * Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.
    This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communications

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s

Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment

Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent

investment performance. Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482717-3479888.7.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Australia and New Zealand

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for Australia and New Zealand outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in Australia and New Zealand. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Australia and New Zealand address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets as well as country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues in Australia and New Zealand, we expect all companies at a minimum to comply with the ASX Corporate Governance Principles or the NZX Corporate Governance Code, based on their locations. Consistent with the ‘comply or explain’ expectations established by the Principles and the Code, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Principles or the Code. In instances of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise in order to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagement to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors with a good balance of skills, expertise, and independence provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    In our analysis of boards, we consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues, such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint.
    We may also consider board performance and directors who appear to be remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities when analyzing their suitability for reappointment (e.g. fraud, criminal wrongdoing and breach of fiduciary responsibilities).
   
Board Independence     In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    We expect boards of ASX 300 and New Zealand listed companies to be comprised of at least a majority of independent directors. At all other Australian listed companies, we expect boards to be comprised of at least one-third independent directors.

 

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    Our broad criteria for director independence in Australia and New Zealand include factors such as:
   

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

   

•  Employment history with company

   

•  Relations with controlling shareholders

   

•  Family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors, or senior employees

   
Separation Chair/CEO     While we are generally supportive of having the roles of chairman and CEO separated in the Australian and New Zealand markets, we assess the division of responsibilities between chairman and CEO on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to factors such as company-specific circumstances, overall level of independence on the board and general corporate governance standards in the company. Similarly, we will monitor for circumstances in which a combined chairman/CEO is appointed or where a former CEO becomes chairman.
   
Director Time Commitments     When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships that a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:
   

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

   

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

   

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

    For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:
   

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

   

— This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat

   

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

 

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•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

   

•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

    If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.
    Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.
   
Director Attendance at Board Meetings     We also consider attendance at board meetings and may withhold votes from directors who attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold. In addition, we monitor other factors that may influence the independence of a non-executive director, such as performance-related pay, cross-directorships, significant shareholdings, and tenure. We support the annual election of directors and encourage Australian and New Zealand companies to adopt this practice.
   
Board Committees     We believe companies should have committees for audit, remuneration, and nomination oversight. The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the company, appointing external auditors, monitoring their qualifications and independence, and their effectiveness and resource levels. ASX Corporate Governance Principles requires listed companies to have an audit committee of at least three members all of whom are non-executive directors and a majority of whom are independent directors. It also requires that the committee be chaired by an independent director who is not the chair of the board. We hold Australian and New Zealand companies to our global standards for developed financial markets by requiring that all members of the audit committee be independent directors.
    The nomination committee is responsible for evaluating and reviewing the balance of skills, knowledge, and experience of the board. It also ensures that adequate succession plans are in place for directors and the CEO. We may vote against the re-election of members of the nomination committee if the board has failed to address concerns over board structure or succession.

 

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Board Gender Diversity     We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of ASX 300 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (ASX 300) or for adding a woman director (non-ASX 300).
   
Board Responsiveness to High Dissent Against Pay Proposals     Executive pay is another important aspect of corporate governance. We believe that executive pay should be determined by the board of directors. We expect companies to have in place remuneration committees to provide independent oversight over executive pay. ASX Corporate Governance Principles require listed companies to have a remuneration committee of at least three members all of whom are non-executive directors and a majority of whom are independent directors. Similarly, the NZX Corporate Governance Code recommends that at least a majority of remuneration committee members be independent.
    Since Australia has a non-binding vote on pay with a two-strike rule requiring a board spill vote in the event of a second strike, we believe that the vote provides investors a mechanism to address concerns they may have on the quality of oversight provided by the board on remuneration issues. Accordingly, our voting guidelines accommodate local market practice.
    We believe poorly structured executive compensation plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high level of dissent against a company’s compensation proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.
   
Climate-related Disclosure     State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate- related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

 

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    As such, we may take voting action against companies in the ASX 200 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, State Street Global Advisors supports proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law, if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 

Shareholder Rights

 

   
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

   

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

   

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

   

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

    If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.
   
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues     Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting out an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have independent non-executive directors designated as members.

 

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Appointment of External Auditors     State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or to re-appoint at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we will take into consideration the level of detail in company disclosures. We will generally not support resolutions if adequate breakdown is not provided and if non-audit fees are more than 50 percent of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. In certain circumstances, we may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.
 

Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers

 

   
   
Share Issuances     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to shareholders’ ability to monitor the returns and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. State Street Global Advisors supports capital increases that have sound business reasons and are not excessive relative to a company’s existing capital base.
    Pre-emption rights are a fundamental right for shareholders to protect their investment in a company. Where companies seek to issue new shares without pre-emption rights, we may vote against if such authorities are greater than 20 percent of the issued share capital. We may also vote against resolutions seeking authority to issue capital with pre-emption rights if the aggregate amount allowed seems excessive and is not justified by the board. Generally, we are against capital issuance proposals greater than 100 percent of the issued share capital when the proceeds are not intended for specific purpose.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     We generally support proposals to repurchase shares, unless the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased, and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.

 

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Dividends     We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against a dividend payout if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation. We may also vote against if the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be warranted when the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or reorganization of the company structure often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals that are in the best interests of shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported. We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/or management conflicts of interest

   

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

   

•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     We oppose anti-takeover defenses, such as authorities for the board to issue warrants convertible into shares to existing shareholders during a hostile takeover.

 

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Remuneration

 

   
   
Executive Pay     There is a simple underlying philosophy that guides State Street Global Advisors’ analysis of executive pay; there should be a direct relationship between remuneration and company performance over the long term. Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider various factors, such as adequate disclosure of different remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports in which there seems to be a misalignment between pay and shareholders’ interests and where incentive policies and schemes have a re-test option or feature. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach.
   
Equity Incentive Plans     We may not support proposals on equity-based incentive plans where insufficient information is provided on matters, such as grant limits, performance metrics, performance, and vesting periods and overall dilution. Generally, we do not support options under such plans being issued at a discount to market price nor plans that allow for re-testing of performance metrics.
   
Non-Executive Director Pay     Authorities that seek shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees generally are not controversial. We generally support resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless disclosure is poor and we are unable to determine whether the fees are excessive relative to fees paid by other comparable companies. We will evaluate any non-cash or performance-related pay to non-executive directors on a company-by-company basis.
   
Risk Management and Oversight     State Street Global Advisors believes that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion over the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

 

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    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care. .
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

   

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense —Tour A —La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 —REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment

Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as

to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance.

Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482395-3479907.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Continental Europe

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for Continental Europe outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in European markets, excluding the United Kingdom and Ireland. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Continental Europe address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.

 

When voting and engaging with companies in European markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.

 

In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues at European companies, we expect all companies at a minimum to comply with guidance issued by the European Commission and country-specific governance codes. Consistent with the “comply-or-explain” expectations commonly established by guidance and codes, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with applicable provisions and requirements. In cases of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structures effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.

 

   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy    

In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise in order to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagements to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.

 

The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
 
   

We believe that a well-constituted board of directors with a balance of skills, expertise and independence, provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.

 

In our analysis of boards, we consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint.

 

We may also consider factors such as board performance and directors who appear to be remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities (e.g. fraud, criminal wrongdoing and/or breach of fiduciary responsibilities).

   
Board Independence    

In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.

 

Our broad criteria for director independence in European companies include factors such as:

 

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

 

•  Employment history with the company

 

•  Relations with controlling shareholders

 

•  Family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors or senior employees

 

•  Serving as an employee or government representative

 

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•  Overall average board tenure and individual director tenure at issuers with classified and de-classified boards, respectively, and

 

•  Company classification of a director as non-independent

 

While overall board independence requirements and board structures differ from market to market, we consider voting against directors we deem non-independent if overall board independence is below 33 percent or if overall independence level is below 50 percent after excluding employee representatives and/or directors elected in accordance with local laws who are not elected by shareholders. We may withhold support for a proposal to discharge the board if a company does not meet adequate governance standards or board level independence.

   
Separation Chair/CEO     We also assess the division of responsibilities between chair and CEO on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to factors such as overall level of independence on the board and general corporate governance standards in the company. However, we may take voting action against the chair or members of the nominating committee at the STOXX Europe 600 companies that have combined the roles of chair and CEO and have not appointed an independent deputy chair or a lead independent director.
   
Director Time Commitments    

When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:

 

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

 

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

 

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

 

For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:

 

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

 

– This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat

 

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

 

•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

 

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•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

 

If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.

 

Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.

   
Director Attendance at Board Meetings     We also consider attendance at board meetings and may withhold votes from directors who attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold. In addition, we monitor other factors that may influence the independence of a non-executive director, such as performance-related pay, cross-directorships and significant shareholdings. Moreover, we may vote against the election of a director whose biographical disclosures are insufficient to assess his or her role on the board and/or independence.
   
Board Gender Diversity    

We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of STOXX 600 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.

 

We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (STOXX 600) or for adding a woman director (non-STOXX 600).

   
Length of Board Terms     Although we generally are in favour of the annual election of directors, we recognise that director terms vary considerably in different European markets. We may vote against article/bylaw changes that seek to extend director terms. In addition, we may vote against directors in certain markets if their terms extend beyond four years.

 

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Board Committees    

We believe companies should have relevant board level committees for audit, remuneration and nomination oversight. The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the company, appointing external auditors, monitoring their qualifications and independence, and assessing effectiveness and resource levels. Similarly, executive pay is an important aspect of corporate governance, and it should be determined by the board of directors. We expect companies to have remuneration committees to provide independent oversight of executive pay. We may vote against nominees who are executive members of audit or remuneration committees.

 

In certain European markets, it is not uncommon for the election of directors to be presented in a single slate. In these cases, where executives serve on the audit or the remuneration committees, we may vote against the entire slate.

   
Board Responsiveness to High Dissent Against Pay Proposals     Poorly-structured executive remuneration plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high levels of dissent against a company’s remuneration proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a remuneration-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.
   
Climate-related Disclosure    

State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

 

As such, we may take voting action against companies in the STOXX 600 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.

   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law if a director has not acted in bad faith, with gross negligence, or with reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.

 

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Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:

 

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

 

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

 

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

 

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

 

If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.

   
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues     Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting up an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have as members independent non-executive directors.
   
Appointment of External Auditors     We believe that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or re-appoint them at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we consider the level of detail in company disclosures; we will generally not support such resolutions if adequate breakdown is not provided and if non-audit fees are more than 50 percent of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. We may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process in certain circumstances.
   
Limit Legal Liability of External Auditors     We generally oppose limiting the legal liability of audit firms as we believe this could create a negative impact on the quality of the audit function.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

 

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Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers In some European markets, differential voting rights continue to exist. State Street Global Advisors supports the one-share, one-vote policy and favors a share structure where all shares have equal voting rights. We believe pre-emption rights should be introduced for shareholders in order to provide adequate protection from excessive dilution from the issuance of new shares or convertible securities to third parties or a small number of select shareholders.

   
Unequal Voting Rights     We generally oppose proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of common stock with superior voting rights. We will generally oppose the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution and other rights. In addition, we will not support capitalization changes that add classes of stock with undefined voting rights or classes that may dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders. We support proposals to abolish voting caps and capitalization changes that eliminate other classes of stock and/or unequal voting rights.
   
Increase in Authorized Capital     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is fundamental to shareholders’ ability to monitor returns and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. We support capital increases that have sound business reasons and are not excessive relative to a company’s existing capital base.
    Pre-emption rights are a fundamental right for shareholders to protect their investment in a company. Where companies seek to issue new shares whilst disapplying pre-emption rights, we may vote against if such authorities are greater than 20 percent of the issued share capital. We may also vote against resolutions that seek authority to issue capital with pre-emption rights if the aggregate amount allowed seems excessive and is not justified by the board. Generally, we oppose capital issuance proposals greater than 100 percent of the issued share capital when the proceeds are not intended for a specific purpose.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     We typically support proposals to repurchase shares; however, there are exceptions in some cases. We do not support repurchases if the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased, the range of premium/discount to market price at which the company can repurchase shares, and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.

 

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Dividends     We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against the dividend payouts if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation or the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be paid to cases in which the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.
   
Related-Party Transactions     Some companies in European markets have a controlled ownership structure and complex cross-shareholdings between subsidiaries and parent companies (“related companies”). Such structures may result in the prevalence of related-party transactions between the company and its various stakeholders, such as directors and management, subsidiaries and shareholders. In markets where shareholders are required to approve such transactions, we expect companies to provide details of the transaction, such as the nature, the value and the purpose of such a transaction. We also encourage independent directors to ratify such transactions. Further, we encourage companies to describe the level of independent board oversight and the approval process, including details of any independent valuations provided by financial advisors on related-party transactions.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or restructurings often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, mergers, liquidation and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals will be supported if they are in the best interest of the shareholders, which is demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported.
   

We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include:

 

•  Offer premium

 

•  Strategic rationale

 

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including director and/or management conflicts of interest

 

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

 

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

We may vote against a transaction considering the following:

 

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

 

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•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

 

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting.

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     European markets have diverse regulations concerning the use of share issuances as takeover defenses, with legal restrictions lacking in some markets. We support the one-share, one-vote policy. For example, dual-class capital structures entrench certain shareholders and management, insulating them from possible takeovers. We oppose unlimited share issuance authorizations because they can be used as anti-takeover devices. They have the potential for substantial voting and earnings dilution. We also monitor the duration of time for authorities to issue shares, as well as whether there are restrictions and caps on multiple issuance authorities during the specified time periods. We oppose antitakeover defenses, such as authorities for the board when subject to a hostile takeover to issue warrants convertible into shares to existing shareholders.
 
Remuneration    
   
Executive Pay    

Despite the differences among the various types of plans and awards, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive pay: there should be a direct relationship between remuneration and company performance over the long term.

 

Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach.

   
Equity Incentives Plans     We may not support proposals regarding equity-based incentive plans where insufficient information is provided on matters, including grant limits, performance metrics, performance and vesting periods, and overall dilution. Generally, we do not support options under such plans being issued at a discount to market price or plans that allow for retesting of performance metrics.

 

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Non-Executive Director Pay     In European markets, proposals seeking shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees are generally not controversial. We typically support resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless disclosure is poor and we are unable to determine whether the fees are excessive relative to fees paid by comparable companies. We will evaluate any non-cash or performance-related pay to non-executive directors on a company-by-company basis.
   
Risk Management    

We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

 

As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.

 

Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.

   
Environmental and Social Issues    

As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.

 

For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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About State Street

Global Advisors

    For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion† under our care.
   

* Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

   

This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and

whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A —La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay,

Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 —REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association.

Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482701-3479909.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Japan

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for Japan outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in Japan. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc.. SSGA Funds Management, Inc.is an SEC-registered investment adviser. SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street make up State Street Global Advisors, the investment management arm of State Street Corporation.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Japan address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, remuneration and mergers, compensation, and other governance-related issues. When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect all companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as any country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    With companies in Japan, State Street Global Advisors takes into consideration the unique aspects of Japanese corporate governance structures. We recognize that under Japanese corporate law, companies may choose between three structures of corporate governance: the statutory auditor system, the committee structure and the hybrid structure.
    Most Japanese boards predominantly consist of executives and non-independent outsiders affiliated through commercial relationships or cross-shareholdings. Nonetheless, when evaluating companies, State Street Global Advisors expects the boards of Japanese companies to address conflicts of interest and risk management, and to demonstrate an effective process for monitoring management.
    Regardless of the corporate governance structure a company adopts, we expect all companies at a minimum to comply with Japan’s Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”). Consistent with the ‘comply or explain’ expectations established by the Code, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Code. In instances of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagement to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.

 

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    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) Investment Teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

   
Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors with a balance of skills, expertise and independence provides the foundation for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    Japanese companies have the option of having a traditional board of directors with statutory auditors, a board with a committee structure, or a hybrid board with a board level audit committee. We will generally support companies that seek shareholder approval to adopt a committee or hybrid board structure.
    Most Japanese issuers prefer the traditional statutory auditor structure. Statutory auditors act in a quasi-compliance role, as they are not involved in strategic decision-making, nor are they part of the formal management decision process. Statutory auditors attend board meetings, but do not have voting rights at the board; however, they have the right to seek an injunction and conduct broad investigations of unlawful behavior in the company’s operations.
    State Street Global Advisors will support the election of statutory auditors unless the outside statutory auditor nominee is regarded as non-independent based on our criteria, the outside statutory auditor has attended less than 75 percent of meetings of the board of directors or the board of statutory auditors during the year under review, or the statutory auditor has been remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities (fraud, criminal wrongdoing, and breach of fiduciary responsibilities).

 

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    Board Independence
    In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. A sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions that are necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    We believe that boards of TOPIX 500 companies should have at least three independent directors and be at least one-third independent. Otherwise, we may oppose the board leader who is responsible for the director nomination process.
    For non-TOPIX 500 companies, we may oppose the board leader if the board does not have at least two independent directors. For companies with a committee structure or a hybrid board structure, we also take into consideration the overall independence level of the committees.
   

In determining director independence, we consider the following factors:

 

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

 

•  Past employment with the company

 

•  Professional services provided to the company

 

•  Family ties with the company

 

Regardless of board structure, we may oppose the election of a director for the following reasons:

 

•  Failure to attend board meetings

 

•  In instances of egregious actions related to a director’s service on the board

 

   
Board Gender Diversity     We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member. If a company does not meet this expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet this expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for adding at least one woman to its board.

 

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Climate-related Disclosures     State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.
    As such, we take voting action against companies in the TOPIX 100 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, State Street Global Advisors supports proposals to limit directors’ and statutory auditors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law, if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. We believe limitations and indemnification are necessary to attract and retain qualified directors.
 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

   

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

   

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

   

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

   

If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.

 

   
Accounting and Audit- Related Issues     State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should have the opportunity to vote on the appointment of the auditor at the annual meeting.

 

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Ratifying External Auditors     We generally support the appointment of external auditors unless the external auditor is perceived as being non-independent and there are concerns about the accounts presented and the audit procedures followed.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.
   
Limiting Legal Liability of External Auditors     We generally oppose limiting the legal liability of audit firms as we believe this could create a negative impact on the quality of the audit function.
 
Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers    
   
Unequal Voting Rights     State Street Global Advisors supports the “one-share, one-vote” policy and favors a share structure where all shares have equal voting rights. We support proposals to abolish voting caps or multiple voting rights and will oppose measures to introduce these types of restrictions on shareholder rights.
    We generally oppose proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of common stock with superior voting rights. We will generally oppose new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights. In addition, we will not support capitalization changes that add classes of stock with undefined voting rights or classes that may dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders.
    However, we will support capitalization changes that eliminate other classes of stock and/ or unequal voting rights.
   
Share Capital Increases     We believe pre-emption rights should be introduced for shareholders. This can provide adequate protection from excessive dilution due to the issuance of new shares or convertible securities to third parties or a small number of select shareholders.
   
Increase in Authorized Capital     We generally support increases in authorized capital where the company provides an adequate explanation for the use of shares. In the absence of an adequate explanation, we may oppose the request if the increase in authorized capital exceeds 100 percent of the currently authorized capital. Where share issuance requests exceed our standard threshold, we will consider the nature of the specific need, such as mergers, acquisitions and stock splits.

 

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Dividends     We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30 percent or more of net income. We may vote against a dividend payout if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation or if the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be paid where the payment may damage the company’s long-term financial health.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     Companies are allowed under Japan Corporate Law to amend their articles to authorize the repurchase of shares at the board’s discretion. We will oppose such amendments. We believe the company should seek shareholder approval for a share repurchase program at each year’s AGM, providing shareholders the right to evaluate the terms of the repurchase.
    We generally support proposals to repurchase shares, unless the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or reorganizing the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, mergers, liquidations and other major changes to the corporation. We will support proposals that are in the best interests of shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations. In general, provisions that are deemed to be destructive to shareholders’ rights or financially detrimental will not be supported.
    We evaluate mergers and structural reorganizations on a case-by-case basis. We will generally support transactions that we believe will maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include, but are not limited to, the following:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including director and/ or management conflicts of interest

   

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

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    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

   

•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  Offers in which the current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     In general, State Street Global Advisors believes that adoption of poison pills that have been structured to protect management and to prevent takeover bids from succeeding is not in shareholders’ interest. A shareholder rights plan may lead to management entrenchment. It may also discourage legitimate tender offers and acquisitions. Even if the premium paid to companies with a shareholder rights plan is higher than that offered to unprotected firms, a company’s chances of receiving a takeover offer in the first place may be reduced by the presence of a shareholder rights plan.
    Proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights or have the effect of entrenching incumbent management will not be supported.
    Proposals that enhance the right of shareholders to make their own choices as to the desirability of a merger or other proposal are supported.
   
Shareholder Rights Plans     In evaluating the adoption or renewal of a Japanese issuer’s shareholder rights plans (“poison pill”), we consider the following conditions: (i) release of proxy circular with details of the proposal with adequate notice in advance of meeting, (ii) minimum trigger of over 20 percent, (iii) maximum term of three years, (iv) sufficient number of independent directors, (v) presence of an independent committee, (vi) annual election of directors, and (vii) lack of protective or entrenchment features. Additionally, we consider the length of time that a shareholder rights plan has been in effect.
    In evaluating an amendment to a shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”), in addition to the conditions above, we will also evaluate and consider supporting proposals where the terms of the new plan are more favorable to shareholders’ ability to accept unsolicited offers.
   
“Cross-shareholdings”     “Cross-Shareholdings” are a long-standing feature of the balance sheets of many Japanese companies, but, in our view, can be detrimental for corporate governance practices and ultimately shareholder returns.
    Therefore, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the board leader at those TOPIX 500 companies where the “cross-shareholdings” (strategic listed shares) held by a company exceed 30 percent of the company’s net assets (as in the securities report disclosed for the previous fiscal year).

 

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    We may waive the guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound, and publicly available plan for reducing its exposure to “cross-shareholdings”:
   

•  To less than 30% by 2025; or

   

•  By 50% of current level by 2025

   
Compensation     In Japan, excessive compensation is rarely an issue. Rather, the problem tends to be the lack of connection between pay and performance. Fixed salaries and cash retirement bonuses tend to comprise a significant portion of the compensation structure while performance-based pay is generally a small portion of the total pay. State Street Global Advisors, where possible, seeks to encourage the use of performance-based compensation in Japan as an incentive for executives and as a way to align interests with shareholders.
   
Adjustments to Aggregate Compensation Ceiling for Directors     Remuneration for directors in Japan is generally reasonable. Typically, each company sets the director compensation parameters as an aggregate, thereby limiting the total pay to all directors. When requesting a change, a company must disclose the last time the ceiling was adjusted, and management provides the rationale for the ceiling increase. We will generally support proposed increases to the ceiling if the company discloses the rationale for the increase. We may oppose proposals to increase the ceiling if there has been corporate malfeasance or sustained poor performance.
   
Annual Bonuses for Directors/Statutory Auditors     In Japan, since there are no legal requirements that mandate companies to seek shareholder approval before awarding a bonus, we believe that existing shareholder approval of the bonus should be considered best practice. As a result, we support management proposals on executive compensation where there is a strong relationship between executive pay and performance over a five-year period.
   
Retirement Bonuses for Directors/Statutory Auditors     While many companies in Japan have abolished the practice where retirement bonuses, based upon tenure, make up a sizeable portion of directors and auditors’ lifetime compensation, there remain many proposals seeking shareholder approval for the total amounts paid to directors and statutory auditors as a whole. In general, we support these payments unless the recipient is an outsider or in instances where the amount is not disclosed.
   
Stock Plans     Most option plans in Japan are conservative, particularly at large companies. Japanese corporate law requires companies to disclose the monetary value of the stock options for directors and/or statutory auditors. Some companies do not disclose the maximum number of options that can be issued per year and shareholders are unable to evaluate the dilution impact. In this case, we cannot calculate the dilution level and, therefore, we may oppose such plans due to poor disclosure. We also oppose plans that allow for the repricing of options.

 

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Deep Discount Options     As Japanese companies move away from the retirement bonus system, deep discount options plans have become more popular. Typically, the exercise price is set at JPY 1 per share. We evaluate deep discount options using the same criteria used to evaluate stock options and consider the vesting period.
   
Risk Management     We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.
    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we investon behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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General/Routine    
   

Expansion of

Business Activities

    Japanese companies’ articles of incorporation strictly define the types of businesses in which a company is permitted to engage. In general, State Street Global Advisors views proposals that expand and diversify the company’s business activities as routine and non-contentious. We will monitor instances in which there has been an inappropriate acquisition and diversification away from the company’s main area of competence that resulted in a decrease of shareholder value.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communications

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78

Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay,

Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers

Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’

Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of,

nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate

EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482398-3479913.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

United Kingdom and Ireland

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for the United Kingdom and Ireland outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in the United Kingdom and Ireland. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for the United Kingdom (“UK”) and Ireland address our market-specific approach to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country-specific best practice guideliness and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues in the UK and Ireland, we expect all companies that obtain a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange or the Irish Stock Exchange, regardless of domicile, to comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”), and proactively monitor companies’ adherence to the Code. Consistent with the ‘comply or explain’ expectations established by the Code, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Code. In instances of non-compliance in which companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagement to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    We believe that a well-constituted board of directors, with a balance of skills, expertise and independence, provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    We may also consider board performance and directors who appear to be remiss in the performance of their oversight responsibilities when analyzing their suitability for reappointment (e.g. fraud, criminal wrongdoing and breach of fiduciary responsibilities).
   
Board Independence     In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    Our broad criteria for director independence for UK companies include factors such as:
   

•  Participation in related-party transactions and other business relations with the company

   

•  Employment history with company

   

•  Excessive tenure and a preponderance of long-tenured directors

   

•  Relations with controlling shareholders

   

•  Family ties with any of the company’s advisers, directors or senior employees

   

•  Company classification of a director as non-independent

 

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Director Attendance at Board Meetings     We also consider attendance at board meetings and may withhold votes from directors who attend less than 75 percent of board meetings in a given year without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold. In addition, we monitor other factors that may influence the independence of a non-executive director, such as performance-related pay, cross-directorships and significant shareholdings.
   
Classified Boards     We support the annual election of directors.
   
Separation Chair/CEO     While we are generally supportive of having the roles of chair and CEO separated in the UK market, we assess the division of responsibilities between chair and CEO on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to factors such as the company’s specific circumstances, overall level of independence on the board and general corporate governance standards in the company. Similarly, we monitor for circumstances in which a combined chair/CEO is appointed or a former CEO becomes chair.
   
Board Committees     We believe companies should have committees for audit, remuneration and nomination oversight. The audit committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the company, the appointment of external auditors, auditor qualifications and independence, and effectiveness and resource levels. Similarly, executive pay is an important aspect of corporate governance, and it should be determined by the board of directors. We expect companies to have remuneration committees to provide independent oversight over executive pay. We may vote against nominees who are executive members of audit or remuneration committees.
    We consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint. The nomination committee is responsible for evaluating and reviewing the balance of skills, knowledge, and experience of the board. It also ensures that adequate succession plans are in place for directors and the CEO. We may vote against the re-election of members of the nomination committee if, over time, the board has not addressed concerns over board structure or succession.
    Poorly structured executive compensation plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high level of dissent against a company’s compensation proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.

 

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Board Gender Diversity     We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of FTSE 350 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (FTSE 350) or for adding a woman director (non-FTSE 350).
   
Board Racial/Ethnic Diversity     Effective board oversight of a company’s long-term business strategy necessitates a diversity of perspectives, especially in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. If a company in the FTSE 350 does not disclose, at minimum, the gender, racial and ethnic composition of its board, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee. We may withhold support from the Chair of the nominating committee also when a company in the FTSE 100 does not have at least one director from an underrepresented racial and/or ethnic community on its board.
   
Director Time Commitments     When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:
   

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

   

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

   

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

    For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:
   

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

        – This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat
   

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

   

•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

 

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•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

    If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time-bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.
    Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.
   
Climate-related Disclosures     State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.
    As such, we may take voting action against companies in the FTSE 350 that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability     Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection up to the limit provided by law. This holds if a director has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, nor reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

   

•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

 

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•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

    If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.
   
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues     Companies should have robust internal audit and internal control systems designed for effective management of any potential and emerging risks to company operations and strategy. The responsibility of setting out an internal audit function lies with the audit committee, which should have as members independent non-executive directors. Appointment of External Auditors
   
Appointment of External Auditors     State Street Global Advisors believes that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or re-appoint at the annual meeting. When appointing external auditors and approving audit fees, we take into consideration the level of detail in company disclosures and will generally not support such resolutions if an adequate breakdown is not provided and if non-audit fees are more than 50% of audit fees. In addition, we may vote against members of the audit committee if we have concerns with audit-related issues or if the level of non-audit fees to audit fees is significant. In certain circumstances, we may consider auditor tenure when evaluating the audit process.
   
Limit Legal Liability of External Auditors     We generally oppose limiting the legal liability of audit firms because we believe this could create a negative impact on the quality of the audit function.
   
Approval of Financial Statements     We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.
 
Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers    
   
Share Issuances     The ability to raise capital is critical for companies to carry out strategy, to grow, and to achieve returns above their cost of capital. The approval of capital raising activities is essential to shareholders’ ability to monitor returns and to ensure capital is deployed efficiently. We support capital increases that have sound business reasons and are not excessive relative to a company’s existing capital base.

 

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    Pre-emption rights are a fundamental right for shareholders to protect their investment in a company. Where companies seek to issue new shares without pre-emption rights, we may vote against if such authorities are greater than 20% of the issued share capital. We may also vote against resolutions that seek authority to issue capital with pre-emption rights if the aggregate amount allowed seems excessive and is not justified by the board. Generally, we are against capital issuance proposals greater than 100% of the issued share capital when the proceeds are not intended for a specific purpose.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     We generally support a proposal to repurchase shares. However, this is not the case if the issuer does not clearly state the business purpose for the program, a definitive number of shares to be repurchased, the range of premium/discount to market price at which a company can repurchase shares, and the timeframe for the repurchase. We may vote against share repurchase requests that allow share repurchases during a takeover period.
 
Dividends    
 
    We generally support dividend payouts that constitute 30% or more of net income. We may vote against the dividend payouts if the dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30% without adequate explanation or the payout is excessive given the company’s financial position. Particular attention will be paid where the payment may damage the company’s long term financial health.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions     Mergers or reorganizing the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, mergers, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals that are in the best interests of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights and are not supported.
    We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include the following:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/ or management conflicts of interest

 

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•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

   

•  Offers in which we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Measures     We oppose anti-takeover defenses such as authorities for the board when subject to a hostile takeover to issue warrants convertible into shares to existing shareholders.
   
Notice Period to Convene a General Meeting     We expect companies to give as much notice as is practicable when calling a general meeting. Generally, we are not supportive of authorizations seeking to reduce the notice period to 14 days.
 
Remuneration    
   
Executive Pay     Despite the differences among the types of plans and awards possible, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive pay: there should be a direct relationship between remuneration and company performance over the long term.
    Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration policies and reports, we consider adequate disclosure of various remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests as well as with corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices or if the company has not been responsive to shareholder concerns.

 

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Equity Incentive Plans     We may not support proposals on equity-based incentive plans where insufficient information is provided on matters such as grant limits, performance metrics, performance, vesting periods, and overall dilution. Generally we do not support options under such plans being issued at a discount to market price or plans that allow for re-testing of performance metrics.
   
Non-Executive Director Pay     Authorities that seek shareholder approval for non-executive directors’ fees are generally not controversial. We typically support resolutions regarding directors’ fees unless disclosure is poor and we are unable to determine whether they are excessive relative to fees paid by comparable companies. We will evaluate any non-cash or performance related pay to non-executive directors on a company- by-company basis.
   
Risk Management     State Street Global Advisors believes that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight of the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion over how they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the with a changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify their operations into new areas.
    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.

 

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Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.
   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion† under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240- 7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan,

Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482704-3479919.3.1.GBL.RTL    0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

North America (United States & Canada)

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for North America outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States and Canada. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for North America (United States [“US”] and Canada) address our market-specific approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, compensation, and other governance-related issues.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as country specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    In our analysis and research into corporate governance issues in North America, we expect all companies to act in a transparent manner and to provide detailed disclosure on board profiles, related-party transactions, executive compensation, and other governance issues that impact shareholders’ long-term interests. Further, as a founding member of the Investor Stewardship Group (“ISG”), we proactively monitor companies’ adherence to the Corporate Governance Principles for US listed companies (the “Principles”). Consistent with the “comply-or-explain” expectations established by the Principles, we encourage companies to proactively disclose their level of compliance with the Principles. In instances of non-compliance, and when companies cannot explain the nuances of their governance structure effectively, either publicly or through engagement, we may vote against the independent board leader.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy     In our view, corporate governance and sustainability issues are an integral part of the investment process. The Asset Stewardship Team consists of investment professionals with expertise in corporate governance, remuneration, accounting, and environmental and social issues. We have established robust corporate governance principles and practices that are backed with extensive analytical expertise to understand the complexities of the corporate governance landscape. We engage with companies to provide insight on the principles and practices that drive our voting decisions. We also conduct proactive engagements to address significant shareholder concerns and issues in a manner consistent with maximizing shareholder value.
    The team works alongside members of State Street Global Advisors’ Active Fundamental and various other investment teams, collaborating on issuer engagements and providing input on company-specific fundamentals.

 

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Directors and Boards     Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing effective risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.
    State Street Global Advisors believes that a well-constituted board of directors, with a balance of skills, expertise, and independence, provides the foundations for a well-governed company. We view board quality as a measure of director independence, director succession planning, board diversity, evaluations and refreshment, and company governance practices. We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice, and availability of information on director skills and expertise.
    In our analysis of boards, we consider whether board members have adequate skills to provide effective oversight of corporate strategy, operations, and risks, including environmental and social issues. Boards should also have a regular evaluation process in place to assess the effectiveness of the board and the skills of board members to address issues, such as emerging risks, changes to corporate strategy, and diversification of operations and geographic footprint.
    In principle, we believe independent directors are crucial to robust corporate governance and help management establish sound corporate governance policies and practices. We believe a sufficiently independent board will most effectively monitor management and perform oversight functions necessary to protect shareholder interests.
    Director-related proposals include issues submitted to shareholders that deal with the composition of the board or with members of a corporation’s board of directors. In deciding the director nominee to support, we consider numerous factors.
   
Director Elections     Our director election guideline focuses on companies’ governance profile to identify if a company demonstrates appropriate governance practices or if it exhibits negative governance practices. Factors we consider when evaluating governance practices include, but are not limited to the following:
   

•  Shareholder rights

   

•  Board independence

   

•  Board structure

 

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    If a company demonstrates appropriate governance practices, we believe a director should be classified as independent based upon the relevant listing standards or local market practice standards. In such cases, the composition of the key oversight committees of a board should meet the minimum standards of independence. Accordingly, we may vote against a nominee at a company with appropriate governance practices if the director is classified as non-independent under relevant listing standards or local market practice and serves on a key committee of the board (compensation, audit, nominating, or committees required to be fully independent by local market standards).
    Conversely, if a company demonstrates negative governance practices, State Street Global Advisors believes the classification standards for director independence should be elevated. In such circumstances, we will evaluate all director nominees based upon the following classification standards:
   

•  Is the nominee an employee of or related to an employee of the issuer or its auditor?

   

•  Does the nominee provide professional services to the issuer?

   

•  Has the nominee attended an appropriate number of board meetings?

   

•  Has the nominee received non-board related compensation from the issuer?

    In the US market where companies demonstrate negative governance practices, these stricter standards will apply not only to directors who are a member of a key committee but to all directors on the board as market practice permits. Accordingly, we may vote against a nominee (with the exception of the CEO) where the board has inappropriate governance practices and is considered not independent based on the above independence criteria.
    Additionally, we may withhold votes from directors based on the following:
   

•  Overall average board tenure is excessive. In assessing excessive tenure, we consider factors such as the preponderance of long tenured directors, board refreshment practices, and classified board structures

   

•  Directors attend less than 75 percent of board meetings without appropriate explanation or providing reason for their failure to meet the attendance threshold

   

•  Directors of companies that have not been responsive to a shareholder proposal that received a majority shareholder support at the last annual or special meeting

   

•  Consideration can be warranted if management submits the proposal(s) on the ballot as a binding management proposal, recommending shareholders vote for the particular proposal(s)

 

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•  Directors of companies have unilaterally adopted/ amended company bylaws that negatively impact our shareholder rights (such as fee-shifting, forum selection, and exclusion service bylaws) without putting such amendments to a shareholder vote

   

•  Compensation committee members where there is a weak relationship between executive pay and performance over a five-year period

   

•  Audit committee members if non-audit fees exceed 50 percent of total fees paid to the auditors

   

•  Directors who appear to have been remiss in their duties

    Board Gender Diversity
    We expect boards of all listed companies to have at least one female board member and the boards of Russell 3000 companies to be composed of at least 30 percent women directors. If a company does not meet the applicable expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet the applicable expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.
    We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for either reaching the 30-percent threshold (Russell 3000) or for adding a woman director (non-Russell 3000).
    Board Racial/Ethnic Diversity
    We believe effective board oversight of a company’s long-term business strategy necessitates a diversity of perspectives, especially in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. If a company in the Russell 1000 does not disclose, at minimum, the gender, racial and ethnic composition of its board, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee. We may withhold support from the Chair of the nominating committee also when a company in the S&P 500 does not have at least one director from an underrepresented racial/ethnic community on its board.
    Workforce Diversity
    We may vote against the Chair of the compensation committee at companies in the S&P 500 that do not disclose their EEO-1 reports. Acceptable disclosures include:
   

•  The original EEO-1 report response

 

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•  The exact content of the report translated into custom graphics

    Director Time Commitments
    When voting on the election or re-election of a director, we also consider the number of outside board directorships that a non-executive and an executive may undertake. Thus, State Street Global Advisors may take voting action against a director who exceeds the number of board mandates listed below:
   

•  Named Executive Officers (NEOs) of a public company who sit on more than two public company boards

   

•  Non-executive board chairs or lead independent directors who sit on more than three public company boards

   

•  Director nominees who sit on more than four public company boards

    For non-executive board chairs/lead independent directors and director nominees who hold excessive commitments, as defined above, we may consider waiving our policy and vote in support of a director if a company discloses its director commitment policy in a publicly available manner (e.g., corporate governance guidelines, proxy statement, company website). This policy or associated disclosure must include:
   

•  A numerical limit on public company board seats a director can serve on

   

– This limit cannot exceed our policy by more than one seat

   

•  Consideration of public company board leadership positions (e.g., Committee Chair)

   

•  Affirmation that all directors are currently compliant with the company policy

   

•  Description of an annual policy review process undertaken by the Nominating Committee to evaluate outside director time commitments

    If a director is imminently leaving a board and this departure is disclosed in a written, time- bound and publicly-available manner, we may consider waiving our withhold vote when evaluating the director for excessive time commitments.
    Service on a mutual fund board, the board of a UK investment trust or a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) board is not considered when evaluating directors for excessive commitments. However, we do expect these roles to be considered by nominating committees when evaluating director time commitments.

 

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    Climate-related Disclosures
    State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.
    As such, we may take voting action against companies in the S&P 500 and S&P/TSX Composite that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.
   
Director-Related Proposals     We generally vote for the following director-related proposals:
   

•  Discharge of board members’ duties, in the absence of pending litigation, regulatory investigation, charges of fraud, or other indications of significant concern

   

•  Proposals to restore shareholders’ ability in order to remove directors with or without cause

   

•  Proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies

   

•  Shareholder proposals seeking disclosure regarding the company, board, or compensation committee’s use of compensation consultants, such as company name, business relationship(s), and fees paid

 

    We generally vote against the following director-related proposals:
   

•  Requirements that candidates for directorships own large amounts of stock before being eligible to be elected

   

•  Proposals that relate to the “transaction of other business as properly comes before the meeting,” which extend “blank check” powers to those acting as proxy

   

•  Proposals requiring two candidates per board seat

   
Majority Voting     We will generally support a majority vote standard based on votes cast for the election of directors.
    We will generally vote to support amendments to bylaws that would require simple majority of voting shares (i.e. shares cast) to pass or to repeal certain provisions.

 

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Annual Elections     We generally support the establishment of annual elections of the board of directors. Consideration is given to the overall level of board independence and the independence of the key committees, as well as the existence of a shareholder rights plan.
   
Cumulative Voting     We do not support cumulative voting structures for the election of directors.
   
Separation Chair/CEO     We analyze proposals for the separation of Chair/CEO on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration numerous factors, including the appointment of and role played by a lead director, a company’s performance, and the overall governance structure of the company.
    However, we may take voting action against the chair or members of the nominating committee at S&P 500 companies that have combined the roles of chair and CEO and have not appointed a lead independent director.
   
Proxy Access     In general, we believe that proxy access is a fundamental right and an accountability mechanism for all long-term shareholders. We will consider proposals relating to proxy access on a case-by-case basis. We will support shareholder proposals that set parameters to empower long-term shareholders while providing management the flexibility to design a process that is appropriate for the company’s circumstances.
    We will review the terms of all other proposals and will support those proposals that have been introduced in the spirit of enhancing shareholder rights.
    Considerations include the following:
   

•  The ownership thresholds and holding duration proposed in the resolution

   

•  The binding nature of the proposal

   

•  The number of directors that shareholders may be able to nominate each year

   

•  Company governance structure

   

•  Shareholder rights

   

•  Board performance

   
Age/Term Limits     Generally, we may vote against age and term limits unless the company is found to have poor board refreshment and director succession practices, and has a preponderance of non-executive directors with excessively long tenures serving on the board.

 

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Approve Remuneration of Directors     Generally, we will support directors’ compensation, provided the amounts are not excessive relative to other issuers in the market or industry. In making our determination, we review whether the compensation is overly dilutive to existing shareholders.
   
Indemnification     Generally, we support proposals to limit directors’ liability and/or expand indemnification and liability protection if he or she has not acted in bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
   
Classified Boards     We generally support annual elections for the board of directors.
   
Confidential Voting     We will support confidential voting.
   
Board Size     We will support proposals seeking to fix the board size or designate a range for the board size and will vote against proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board outside of a specified range without shareholder approval.
   
Board Responsiveness     We may vote against the re-election of members of the compensation committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach. In addition, if the level of dissent against a management proposal on executive pay is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the compensation committee.

 

 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings     As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.
    Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:
   

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

 

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•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

   

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

   

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

    If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.
 
Accounting and Audit-Related Issues    
   
Ratifying Auditors and Approving Auditor Compensation     We support the approval of auditors and auditor compensation provided that the issuer has properly disclosed audit and non-audit fees relative to market practice and the audit fees are not deemed excessive. We deem audit fees to be excessive if the non-audit fees for the prior year constituted 50 percent or more of the total fees paid to the auditor. We will also support the disclosure of auditor and consulting relationships when the same or related entities are conducting both activities and will support the establishment of a selection committee responsible for the final approval of significant management consultant contract awards where existing firms are already acting in an auditing function.
    In circumstances where “other” fees include fees related to initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs, and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees which are determined to be an exception to the standard “non-audit fee” category, then such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit/audit-related fees/tax compliance and preparation for purposes of determining whether non-audit fees are excessive.
    We will support the discharge of auditors and requirements that auditors attend the annual meeting of shareholders.
    Approval of Financial Statements
    We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

 

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Capital Structure     Capital structure proposals include requests by management for approval of amendments to the certificate of incorporation that will alter the capital structure of the company.
    The most common request is for an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock, usually in conjunction with a stock split or dividend. Typically, we support requests that are not unreasonably dilutive or enhance the rights of common shareholders. In considering authorized share proposals, the typical threshold for approval is 100percent over current authorized shares. However, the threshold may be increased if the company offers a specific need or purpose (merger, stock splits, growth purposes, etc.). All proposals are evaluated on a case-by-case basis taking into account the company’s specific financial situation.
   
Increase in Authorized Common Shares     In general, we support share increases for general corporate purposes up to 100 percent of current authorized stock.
    We support increases for specific corporate purposes up to 100 percent of the specific need plus 50 percent of current authorized common stock for US and Canadian firms.
    When applying the thresholds, we will also consider the nature of the specific need, such as mergers and acquisitions and stock splits.
   
Increase in Authorized Preferred Shares     We vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to increase the number of preferred shares.
    Generally, we will vote for the authorization of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable.
    We will support proposals to create “declawed” blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a takeover defense). However, we may vote against proposals to increase the number of blank check preferred stock authorized for issuance when no shares have been issued or reserved for a specific purpose.
   
Unequal Voting Rights     We will not support proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of common stock with superior voting rights and may vote against new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights. In addition, we will not support capitalization changes that add “blank check” classes of stock (i.e. classes of stock with undefined voting rights) or classes that dilute the voting interests of existing shareholders.
    However, we will support capitalization changes that eliminate other classes of stock and/ or unequal voting rights.

 

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Reorganization and Mergers     The reorganization of the structure of a company or mergers often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations, and other major changes to the corporation.
    Proposals that are in the best interests of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported.
    In general, provisions that are not viewed as economically sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported.
    We will generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include the following:
   

•  Offer premium

   

•  Strategic rationale

   

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including, director and/or management conflicts of interest

   

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

   

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

    We may vote against a transaction considering the following:
   

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock, especially in some non-US markets

   

•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

   

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

   
Anti-Takeover Issues     Typically, these are proposals relating to requests by management to amend the certificate of incorporation or bylaws to add or to delete a provision that is deemed to have an anti-takeover effect. The majority of these proposals deal with management’s attempt to add some provision that makes a hostile takeover more difficult or will protect incumbent management in the event of a change in control of the company.

 

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    Proposals that reduce shareholders’ rights or have the effect of entrenching incumbent management may not be supported.
    Proposals that enhance the right of shareholders to make their own choices as to the desirability of a merger or other proposal are supported.

 

   
Shareholder Rights Plans     US: We will support mandates requiring shareholder approval of a shareholder rights plans (“poison pill”) and repeals of various anti-takeover related provisions.
    In general, we may vote against the adoption or renewal of a US issuer’s shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”).
    We will vote for an amendment to a shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”) where the terms of the new plans are more favorable to shareholders’ ability to accept unsolicited offers (i.e. if one of the following conditions are met: (i) minimum trigger, flip-in or flip-over of 20 percent, (ii) maximum term of three years, (iii) no “dead hand,” “slow hand,” “no hand” nor similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill, and (iv) inclusion of a shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause), permitting ten percent of the shares to call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced).
    Canada: We analyze proposals for shareholder approval of a shareholder rights plan (“poison pill”) on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration numerous factors, including but not limited to, whether it conforms to ‘new generation’ rights plans and the scope of the plan.
   
Special Meetings     We will vote for shareholder proposals related to special meetings at companies that do not provide shareholders the right to call for a special meeting in their bylaws if:
   

•  The company also does not allow shareholders to act by written consent

   

•  The company allows shareholders to act by written consent but the ownership threshold for acting by written consent is set above 25 percent of outstanding shares

    We will vote for shareholder proposals related to special meetings at companies that give shareholders (with a minimum 10 percent ownership threshold) the right to call for a special meeting in their bylaws if:
   

•  The current ownership threshold to call for a special meeting is above 25 percent of outstanding shares

    We will vote for management proposals related to special meetings.

 

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Written Consent     We will vote for shareholder proposals on written consent at companies if:
   

•  The company does not have provisions in their bylaws giving shareholders the right to call for a special meeting

   

•  The company allows shareholders the right to call for a special meeting, but the current ownership threshold to call for a special meeting is above 25percent of outstanding shares

   

•  The company has a poor governance profile

 

We will vote management proposals on written consent on a case-by-case basis.

 

   
Super-Majority     We will generally vote against amendments to bylaws requiring super-majority shareholder votes to pass or repeal certain provisions. We will vote for the reduction or elimination of super-majority vote requirements, unless management of the issuer was concurrently seeking to or had previously made such a reduction or elimination.
   
Compensation     Despite the differences among the types of plans and the awards possible there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides the analysis of all compensation plans; namely, the terms of the plan should be designed to provide an incentive for executives and/or employees to align their interests with those of the shareholders and thus work toward enhancing shareholder value. Plans that benefit participants only when the shareholders also benefit are those most likely to be supported.
   
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation and Frequency     State Street Global Advisors believes executive compensation plays a critical role in aligning executives’ interest with shareholders’, attracting, retaining and incentivizing key talent, and ensuring positive correlation between the performance achieved by management and the benefits derived by shareholders. We support management proposals on executive compensation where there is a strong relationship between executive pay and performance over a five-year period. We seek adequate disclosure of various compensation elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests as well as with corporate strategy, and performance. Further shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance on an annual basis.
    In Canada, where advisory votes on executive compensation are not commonplace, we will rely primarily upon engagement to evaluate compensation plans.

 

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Employee Equity
Award Plans
    We consider numerous criteria when examining equity award proposals. Generally we do not vote against plans for lack of performance or vesting criteria. Rather the main criteria that will result in a vote against an equity award plan are:
    Excessive voting power dilution To assess the dilutive effect, we divide the number of shares required to fully fund the proposed plan, the number of authorized but unissued shares and the issued but unexercised shares by the fully diluted share count. We review that number in light of certain factors, such as the industry of the issuer.
    Historical option grants Excessive historical option grants over the past three years. Plans that provide for historical grant patterns of greater than five to eight percent are generally not supported.
    Repricing We may vote against any plan where repricing is expressly permitted. If a company has a history of repricing underwater options, the plan will not be supported.

 

 
    Other criteria include the following:
   

•  Number of participants or eligible employees

   

•  The variety of awards possible

   

•  The period of time covered by the plan

    There are numerous factors that we view as negative. If combined they may result in a vote against a proposal. Factors include:
   

•  Grants to individuals or very small groups of participants

   

•  “Gun-jumping” grants which anticipate shareholder approval of a plan or amendment

   

•  The power of the board to exchange “underwater” options without shareholder approval. This pertains to the ability of a company to reprice options, not the actual act of repricing described above

   

•  Below market rate loans to officers to exercise their options

   

•  The ability to grant options at less than fair market value;

   

•  Acceleration of vesting automatically upon a change in control

   

•  Excessive compensation (i.e. compensation plans which we deem to be overly dilutive)

 

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    Share Repurchases If a company makes a clear connection between a share repurchase program and its intent to offset dilution created from option plans and the company fully discloses the amount of shares being repurchased, the voting dilution calculation may be adjusted to account for the impact of the buy back.
    Companies will not have any such repurchase plan factored into the dilution calculation if they do not (i) clearly state the intentions of any proposed share buy-back plan, (ii) disclose a definitive number of the shares to be bought back, (iii) specify the range of premium/discount to market price at which a company can repurchase shares, and (iv) disclose the time frame during which the shares will be bought back.
    162(m) Plan Amendments If a plan would not normally meet our criteria described above, but was primarily amended to add specific performance criteria to be used with awards that were designed to qualify for performance-based exception from the tax deductibility limitations of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, then we will support the proposal to amend the plan.

 

   
Employee Stock Option Plans     We generally vote for stock purchase plans with an exercise price of not less than 85 percent of fair market value. However, we take market practice into consideration.
   
Compensation-Related Items     We generally support the following proposals:
   

•  Expansions to reporting of financial or compensation-related information within reason

   

•  Proposals requiring the disclosure of executive retirement benefits if the issuer does not have an independent compensation committee

    We generally vote against the following proposal:
   

•  Retirement bonuses for non-executive directors and auditors

   
Miscellaneous/ Routine Items     We generally support the following miscellaneous/routine governance items:
   

•  Reimbursement of all appropriate proxy solicitation expenses associated with the election when voting in conjunction with support of a dissident slate

   

•  Opting-out of business combination provision

 

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•  Proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of management

   

•  Liquidation of the company if the company will file for bankruptcy if the proposal is not approved

   

•  Shareholder proposals to put option repricings to a shareholder vote

   

•  General updating of, or corrective amendments to, charter and bylaws not otherwise specifically addressed herein, unless such amendments would reasonably be expected to diminish shareholder rights (e.g. extension of directors’ term limits, amending shareholder vote requirement to amend the charter documents, insufficient information provided as to the reason behind the amendment)

   

•  Change in corporation name

   

•  Mandates that amendments to bylaws or charters have shareholder approval

   

•  Management proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the proposed change is unreasonable

   

•  Repeals, prohibitions or adoption of anti-greenmail provisions

   

•  Management proposals to implement a reverse stock split when the number of authorized shares will be proportionately reduced and proposals to implement a reverse stock split to avoid delisting

   

•  Exclusive forum provisions

    State Street Global Advisors generally does not support the following miscellaneous/ routine governance items:
   

•  Proposals requesting companies to adopt full tenure holding periods for their executives

   

•  Reincorporation to a location that we believe has more negative attributes than its current location of incorporation

   

•  Shareholder proposals to change the date, time, and/or location of the annual meeting unless the current scheduling or location is unreasonable

   

•  Proposals to approve other business when it appears as a voting item

   

•  Proposals giving the board exclusive authority to amend the bylaws

   

•  Proposals to reduce quorum requirements for shareholder meetings below a majority of the shares outstanding unless there are compelling reasons to support the proposal

 

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Risk Management     We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with the changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.
    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
    For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

 

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About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communications

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan,

Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not

guaranteed. There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are

only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment

performance. Results generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved. ID1482705-3479916.3.1.GBL.RTL 0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Rest of the World

Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelinesi for the Rest of the World outline our approach to voting and engaging with companies listed on stock exchanges in international markets not covered under specific country/regional Guidelines. These Guidelines complement and should be read in conjunction with State Street Global Advisors’ Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, which outline our overall approach to voting and engaging with companies, and State Street Global Advisors’ Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines, which provide information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  i

These Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation. Additionally, State Street Global Advisors maintains Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for select markets, including: Australia, continental Europe, Japan, New Zealand, North America (Canada and the US), the UK and Ireland, and emerging markets. International markets not covered by our market-specific guidelines are reviewed and voted in a manner that is consistent with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles; however, State Street Global Advisors also endeavors to show sensitivity to local market practices when voting in these various markets.

 

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    At State Street Global Advisors, we recognize that markets not covered under specific country/regional guidelines, specifically emerging markets, are disparate in their corporate governance frameworks and practices. While they tend to pose broad common governance issues, such as concentrated ownership, poor disclosure of financial and related-party transactions, and weak enforcement of rules and regulation, our Guidelines are designed to identify and to address specific governance concerns across the markets. We also evaluate the various factors that contribute to the corporate governance framework of a country. These factors include, but are not limited to: (i) the macroeconomic conditions and broader political system in a country; (ii) quality of regulatory oversight, enforcement of property and shareholder rights; and (iii) the independence of judiciary.
    When voting and engaging with companies in global markets, we consider market-specific nuances in the manner that we believe will most likely protect and promote the long-term economic value of client investments. We expect all companies to observe the relevant laws and regulations of their respective markets, as well as any country-specific best practice guidelines and corporate governance codes. We may hold companies in some markets to our global standards when we feel that a country’s regulatory requirements do not address some of the key philosophical principles that we believe are fundamental to our global voting principles.
    State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for the Rest of the World address our approaches to topics including directors and boards, accounting and audit-related issues, capital structure, reorganization and mergers, remuneration, and other governance-related issues.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Philosophy in Emerging Markets     State Street Global Advisors’ approach to proxy voting and issuer engagement in emerging markets is designed to increase the value of our clients’ investments through the mitigation of governance risks. The overall quality of the corporate governance framework in an emerging market country drives the level of governance risks investors assign to a country. Thus, improving the macro governance framework in a country may help to reduce governance risks and to increase the overall value of our clients’ holdings over time. In order to improve the overall governance framework and practices in a country, members of our Asset Stewardship Team endeavor to engage with representatives from regulatory agencies and stock markets to highlight potential concerns with the macro governance framework of a country. To help mitigate company-specific risk, the State Street Global Advisors Asset Stewardship Team works alongside members of the Active Fundamental and emerging market specialists to engage with emerging market companies on governance issues and address any specific concerns, or to get more information regarding shareholder items that are to be voted on at upcoming shareholder meetings. This integrated approach to engagement drives our proxy voting and engagement philosophy in emerging markets.

 

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Directors and Boards    

Principally, a board acts on behalf of shareholders by protecting their interests and preserving their rights. In order to carry out their primary responsibilities, directors have to undertake activities that range from setting strategy and providing guidance on strategic matters, overseeing executive management, to selecting the CEO and other senior executives, creating a succession plan for the board and management, and providing risk oversight, including of risks related to sustainability issues. Further, we believe good corporate governance necessitates the existence of effective internal controls and risk management systems, which should be governed by the board.

 

We believe that a well-constituted board of directors, with a good balance of skills, expertise and independence, provides the foundation for a well-governed company. However, several factors, such as low overall independence level requirements by market regulators, poor biographical disclosure of director profiles, prevalence of related-party transactions, and the general resistance from controlling shareholders to increase board independence, render the election of directors as one of the most important fiduciary duties we perform in emerging market companies.

   
Board Independence    

We vote for the (re-)election of directors on a case-by-case basis after considering various factors, including board quality, general market practice and availability of information on director skills and expertise. We expect companies to meet minimum overall board independence standards, as defined in a local corporate governance code or market practice. Therefore, in several countries, we may vote against certain non-independent directors if overall board independence levels do not meet market standards.

 

Our broad criteria for director independence in emerging market companies include factors such as:

 

•  Participation in related-party transactions

 

•  Employment history with company

 

•  Relations with controlling shareholders and employees

 

•  Company classification of a director as non-independent

   
Board Committees     In some countries, market practice calls for the establishment of a board level audit committee. We believe an audit committee should be responsible for monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of a company and appointing external auditors. It should also monitor their qualifications, independence, effectiveness and resource levels. Based upon our desire to enhance the quality of financial and accounting oversight provided by independent directors, we expect that listed companies have an audit committee constituted of a majority of independent directors.

 

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Board Gender Diversity    

We expect boards of listed companies in all markets and indices to have at least one female board member. If a company does not meet this expectation, State Street Global Advisors may vote against the Chair of the board’s nominating committee or the board leader in the absence of a nominating committee. Additionally, if a company does not meet this expectation for three consecutive years, State Street Global Advisors may vote against all incumbent members of the nominating committee or those persons deemed responsible for the nomination process.

 

We may waive this voting guideline if a company engages with State Street Global Advisors and provides a specific, timebound plan for adding at least one woman to its board.

   
Board Responsiveness to High Dissent against Pay Proposals     Poorly structured executive compensation plans pose increasing reputational risk to companies. Ongoing high level of dissent against a company’s compensation proposals may indicate that the company is not receptive to investor concerns. If the level of dissent against a company’s remuneration report and/or remuneration policy is consistently high, and we have determined that a vote against a pay-related proposal is warranted in the third consecutive year, we may vote against the Chair of the remuneration committee.
   
Climate-related Disclosures    

State Street Global Advisors finds that the recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate- related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) provide the most effective framework for disclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities.

 

As such, we may take voting action against companies in the Hang Seng and Straits Times that fail to provide sufficient disclosure regarding climate-related risks and opportunities related to that company, or board oversight of climate-related risks and opportunities, in accordance with the TCFD framework.

 
Shareholder Rights    
   
Virtual/Hybrid Shareholder Meetings    

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are increasingly conducting their shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format. While we are encouraged by the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings, companies and shareholders must remain vigilant in continuing to improve their virtual shareholder meeting practices.

 

Recognizing the success of virtual and hybrid shareholder meetings and a shifting regulatory environment, we will generally support proposals that grant boards the right to hold shareholder meetings in a virtual or hybrid format as long as companies uphold the following best practices:

 

•  Afford virtual attendee shareholders the same rights as would normally be granted to in-person attendee shareholders

 

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•  Commit to time-bound renewal (five years or less) of meeting format authorization by shareholders

 

•  Provide a written record of all questions posed during the meeting, and

 

•  Comply with local market laws and regulations relating to virtual and hybrid shareholder meeting practices

 

If a company breaches of any of the criteria above, we may vote against the Chair of the nominating committee.

   
Accounting and
Audit-Related Issues
    The disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. As a result, board oversight of internal controls and the independence of the audit process are essential if investors are to rely upon financial statements. We believe that audit committees provide the necessary oversight for the selection and appointment of auditors, the company’s internal controls and the accounting policies, and the overall audit process.
   
Appointment of
External Auditors
    We believe that a company’s auditor is an essential feature of an effective and transparent system of external supervision. Shareholders should be given the opportunity to vote on their appointment or re-appointment at the annual meeting. We believe that it is imperative for audit committees to select outside auditors who are independent from management.
   
Approval of Financial Statements    

We believe the disclosure and availability of reliable financial statements in a timely manner is imperative for the investment process. We expect external auditors to provide assurance of a company’s financial condition. Hence, we may vote against the approval of financial statements if i) they have not been disclosed or audited; ii) the auditor opinion is qualified/adverse, or the auditor has issued a disclaimer of opinion; or iii) the auditor opinion is not disclosed.

 

Capital Structure, Reorganization, and Mergers State Street Global Advisors believes that changes to a company’s capital structure, such as changes in authorized share capital, share repurchase and debt issuances, are critical decisions made by the board. We believe the company should have a business rationale that is consistent with corporate strategy and should not overly dilute its shareholders.

 

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Related-Party Transactions     Most companies in emerging markets have a controlled ownership structure that often includes complex cross-shareholdings between subsidiaries and parent companies (“related companies”). As a result, there is a high prevalence of related-party transactions between the company and its various stakeholders, such as directors and management. In addition, inter-group loan and loan guarantees provided to related companies are some of the other related-party transactions that increase the risk profile of companies. In markets where shareholders are required to approve such transactions, we expect companies to provide details about the transaction, such as its nature, value and purpose. This also encourages independent directors to ratify such transactions. Further, we encourage companies to describe the level of independent board oversight and the approval process, including details of any independent valuations provided by financial advisors on related- party transactions.
   
Share Repurchase Programs     With regard to share repurchase programs, we expect companies to clearly state the business purpose for the program and a definitive number of shares to be repurchased.
   
Mergers and Acquisitions    

Mergers or reorganization of the structure of a company often involve proposals relating to reincorporation, restructurings, liquidations and other major changes to the corporation. Proposals that are in the best interest of the shareholders, demonstrated by enhancing share value or improving the effectiveness of the company’s operations, will be supported. In general, provisions that are not viewed as financially sound or are thought to be destructive to shareholders’ rights are not supported.

 

We evaluate mergers and structural reorganizations on a case-by-case basis. We generally support transactions that maximize shareholder value. Some of the considerations include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

•  Offer premium

 

•  Strategic rationale

 

•  Board oversight of the process for the recommended transaction, including director and/ or management conflicts of interest

 

•  Offers made at a premium and where there are no other higher bidders

 

•  Offers in which the secondary market price is substantially lower than the net asset value

 

We may vote against a transaction considering the following:

 

•  Offers with potentially damaging consequences for minority shareholders because of illiquid stock

 

 

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•  Offers where we believe there is a reasonable prospect for an enhanced bid or other bidders

 

•  The current market price of the security exceeds the bid price at the time of voting

 

We will actively seek direct dialogue with the board and management of companies that we have identified through our screening processes. Such engagements may lead to further monitoring to ensure the company improves its governance or sustainability practices. In these cases, we believe the engagement process represents the most meaningful opportunity for State Street Global Advisors to protect long-term shareholder value from excessive risk due to poor governance and sustainability practices.

   
Compensation     We consider it to be the board’s responsibility to set appropriate levels of executive remuneration. Despite the differences among the types of plans and the potential awards, there is a simple underlying philosophy that guides our analysis of executive remuneration: there should be a direct relationship between executive compensation and company performance over the long term. In emerging markets, we encourage companies to disclose information on senior executive remuneration.
 
    Shareholders should have the opportunity to assess whether pay structures and levels are aligned with business performance. When assessing remuneration reports, we consider factors such as adequate disclosure of remuneration elements, absolute and relative pay levels, peer selection and benchmarking, the mix of long-term and short-term incentives, alignment of pay structures with shareholder interests, corporate strategy and performance. We may oppose remuneration reports where pay seems misaligned with shareholders’ interests. We may also vote against the re-election of members of the remuneration committee if we have serious concerns about remuneration practices and if the company has not been responsive to shareholder pressure to review its approach. With regard to director remuneration, we support director pay provided the amounts are not excessive relative to other issuers in the market or industry, and are not overly dilutive to existing shareholders.
   
Risk Management     We believe that risk management is a key function of the board, which is responsible for setting the overall risk appetite of a company and for providing oversight on the risk management process established by senior executives at a company. We allow boards to have discretion regarding the ways in which they provide oversight in this area. However, we expect companies to disclose how the board provides oversight on its risk management system and risk identification. Boards should also review existing and emerging risks that evolve in tandem with a changing political and economic landscape or as companies diversify or expand their operations into new areas.

 

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    As responsible stewards, we believe in the importance of effective risk management and oversight of issues that are material to a company. To effectively assess the risk of our clients’ portfolios and the broader market, we expect our portfolio companies to manage risks and opportunities that are material and industry-specific and that have a demonstrated link to long-term value creation, and to provide high-quality disclosure of this process to shareholders.
    Consistent with this perspective, we may seek to engage with our portfolio companies to better understand how their boards are overseeing risks and opportunities the company has deemed to be material to its business or operations. If we believe a company has failed to implement and communicate effective oversight of these risks, we may consider voting against the directors responsible.
   
Environmental and Social Issues     As a fiduciary, State Street Global Advisors takes a comprehensive approach to engaging with our portfolio companies about material environmental and social factors. Our Asset Stewardship program prioritization process allows us to proactively identify companies for engagement and voting in order to mitigate sustainability risks in our portfolio. Through engagement, we aim to build long-term relationships with the issuers in which we invest on behalf of our clients and to address a broad range of topics relating to the promotion of long-term shareholder value creation. When voting, we fundamentally consider whether the adoption of a shareholder proposal addressing an environmental or social topic material to the company would promote long-term shareholder value in the context of the company’s existing practices and disclosures as well as existing market practice.
   

For more information on our approach to environmental and social issues, please see our Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, available at

ssga.com/about-us/asset-stewardship.html.

   
General/Routine Issues     Some of the other issues that are routinely voted on in emerging markets include approving the allocation of income and accepting financial statements and statutory reports. For these voting items, our guidelines consider several factors, such as historical dividend payouts, pending litigation, governmental investigations, charges of fraud, or other indication of significant concerns.

 

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About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose

registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan,

Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482392-3479918.3.1.GBL.RTL    0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors

 

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Overview     Our primary fiduciary obligation to our clients is to maximize the long-term returns of their investments. It is our view that material sustainability considerations, including environmental and social (E&S) issues, can present risks and/or opportunities that impact long-term value creation. This philosophy provides the foundation for our value-based approach to Asset Stewardship.
    We regularly identify stewardship priorities that we believe are important for our portfolio companies to consider.
   
Our Approach to Assessing Materiality and Relevance of
E&S Factors
   

While we believe that E&S factors can expose companies to material risks as well as drive long-term value creation, the materiality of specific E&S factors varies across industries, markets, and specific companies. We leverage several inputs to inform our views on the materiality of an E&S issue at a given company, including:

 

•  Established frameworks, including The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board’s (SASB) Standards, the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) Framework, etc.;

 

•  Academic research and other expert insights

 

•  Disclosure expectations required by regulation

 

•  Market expectations for the sector and industry

 

We expect companies to disclose information regarding their approach to identifying and managing material E&S-related risks and opportunities, as well as the board’s oversight of these risks and opportunities.

   
Our Approach to
E&S Factors Through Engagements
    The Asset Stewardship team regularly identifies thematic stewardship priorities that will be addressed across different engagement meetings. We focus on priorities that we consider important to be considered by the portfolio companies in which we invest our clients’ assets. These engagements help us to establish disclosure expectations and to more fully understand the nuanced challenges that companies seek to address related to E&S factors. Establishing robust disclosure expectations allows us to monitor companies’ progress toward alignment with our relevant disclosure expectations, and contributing to our perspectives on our stewardship priority areas.
    Through engagement, we address a broad range of factors that align with our stewardship priorities and seek to foster constructive, long-term relationships with issuers. We view engagements as part of an ongoing dialogue, versus a series of one-off conversations. During conversations with issuers, we share expectations and perspectives on key dimensions of E&S factors, and seek to understand how companies and their boards manage and oversee related risks and opportunities.

 

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    The Use of R-Factor in Engagements
    R-Factor™ is a scoring system created by State Street Global Advisors that measures the performance of a company’s business operations and governance as it relates to material ESG factors facing the company’s industry. State Street Global Advisors may engage with a company regarding its R-Factor™ score at the request of the company.
   
Analyzing E&S Proposals    

When analyzing shareholder proposals related to E&S factors, we consider the following factors:

 

•  The materiality of the E&S factors in the proposal to the company’s business and sector (see “Our Approach to Assessing Materiality and Relevance of E&S Factors” above);

 

•  The content and intent of the proposal, including whether the adoption of such a proposal would provide information to allow investors to better understand risk and opportunities in the context of the company’s disclosure and practices;

 

•  The strength of board oversight of the company’s relevant sustainability practices, as well as responsiveness to engagement;

 

•  Binding nature or prescriptiveness of proposal.

 

For proposal topics for which we have developed guidance, we leverage the specific guidance, found in the Appendix, as a benchmark to analyze a company’s disclosures relative to our expectations for the relevant E&S factor.

 

For proposal topics for which we have not published guidance, we evaluate the company’s determination of materiality of the proposal to the company’s business and operations and the company’s related disclosures.

   
Voting on E&S Proposals    

Below is the approach we follow when voting on E&S shareholder proposals:

 

•  FOR We will consider voting for shareholder proposals that we believe will lead to l increased alignment with our expectations set out in the attached Appendix;

 

•  ABSTAIN We will consider voting abstain when we support some elements of a proposal’s request, or recognize a company’s commitment to implement related disclosure and/or oversight practices;

 

•  AGAINST We will vote against shareholder proposals that we believe are immaterial, overly prescriptive, or would not further our disclosure and oversight expectations, including those set out in the Appendix.

 

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Appendix            
   
Guidance on Common Environmental and Social Proposal Topics     The following provides an overview of State Street Global Advisors’ public guidance related to common environmental and social shareholder proposal topics. We leverage this to inform our analysis of relevant shareholder proposals as it applies to companies in our portfolios.
    Climate Change
   

We expect all companies to provide public disclosures in accordance with the following four pillars of the Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework:

 

1.  Governance;

 

2.  Strategy;

 

3.  Risk Management; and

 

4.  Metrics and Targets.

 

    Additionally, we expect companies in carbon-intensive sectors to disclose:
    Interim greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets to accompany long-term climate ambitions
    Discussion of impacts of scenario-planning on strategy and financial planning
    Incorporation of climate considerations in capital allocation decisions
    Scope 1, 2, and material categories of Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions
    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
    Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
    We expect all companies to provide public disclosure in the following key areas:
   

1.  Board Oversight Describe how the board executes its oversight role in risks and opportunities related to diversity and inclusion;

 

2.  Strategy Articulate the role diversity (of race, ethnicity, and gender, at minimum) plays in the company’s broader human capital management practices and long-term strategy;

 

3.  Goals Describe what diversity, equity, and inclusion-related goals exist, how these goals contribute to the company’s overall strategy, and how they are managed and progressing;

 

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4.  Metrics Provide measures of the diversity of the company’s global employee base and board, including:

   

a. Workforce Employee diversity by race, ethnicity, and gender (at minimum). We expect to see this information to be broken down by industry-relevant employment categories or levels of seniority, for all full-time employees. In the US, companies are expected to at least use the disclosure framework set forth by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s EEO-1 Survey. Non-US companies are encouraged to disclose this information in alignment with SASB guidance and nationally appropriate frameworks; and,

   

b. Board Diversity characteristics, including racial, ethnic, and gender makeup (at minimum) of the board of directors; and

 
   

5.  Board Diversity Articulate goals and strategy related to diverse representation at the board (including race, ethnicity, and gender, at minimum), including how the board reflects the diversity of the company’s workforce, community, customers, and other key stakeholders.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
    Civil Rights Risks
    We expect all companies in the US to provide public disclosure on:
   

1.  Risks related to civil rights, including impact of products, practices, and services on underrepresented communities inside and outside the organization;

   

2.  Plans to manage and mitigate these risks; and

   

3.  Processes at the board for overseeing such risks (e.g., committee responsible, frequency of discussions, etc.).

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review ourrelated guidance.
    Pay Equity
   

We expect all companies in the US and the UK to provide public disclosure on:

   

1.  Adjusted pay gaps related to race and gender within the company (Disclosure of the unadjusted pay gap is also encouraged, but not expected outside of the UK market at this time);

   

2.  Strategy to achieve and maintain pay equity; and

 

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3.  Role of the board in overseeing pay strategies as well as Diversity, Equity and Inclusion efforts.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
 
    Human Rights
    We expect all companies to disclose which processes exist for identifying risks related to human rights. If any material human rights risks are identified, we expect further public disclosure describing:
   

1.  Human rights-related risks the company considers most material;

   

2.  Plans to manage and mitigate these risks;

   

3.  Board oversight of these risks; and

   

4.  Assessment of the effectiveness of the human rights risk management program.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.
    Human Capital Management
    We expect all companies to provide public disclosure on:
   

1.  Board oversight Methods outlining how the board oversees human capital-related risks and opportunities;

   

2.  Strategy Approaches to human capital management and how these advance the long-term business strategy;

   

3.  Compensation Strategies throughout the organization that aim to attract and retain employees, and incentivize contribution to an effective human capital strategy;

   

4.  Voice Channels to ensure the concerns and ideas from workers are solicited and acted upon, and how the workforce is engaged and empowered in the organization; and

   

5.  Diversity, equity, and inclusion Efforts to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (see our complementary Guidance on Diversity Disclosures & Practices for additional context).

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures, please review our related guidance.

 

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    Environmental Impacts
    If material risks related to adverse environmental impacts on communities from company operations have been identified, we expect companies to disclose information related to:
   

1.  Adverse environmental impacts on communities the company considers most material, including relevant demographic data where applicable;

   

2.  Management of material risks from company operations, including the role of stakeholders; and

   

3.  Board oversight of such risks.

    Deforestation-Intensive Companies
    We expect companies that have determined deforestation is a material risk to their business and operations to disclose:
   

1.  Strategy to assess and manage deforestation-related risks and opportunities for high-risk commodities in the company’s operations and/or business value chain (e.g., supply chain monitoring and engagement, greenhouse gas emissions linked to deforestation, product certifications, stakeholder engagement);

   

2.  Quantitative and/or qualitative metrics and time-bound targets used to assess and manage risks and opportunities related to high deforestation-risk commodities in the company’s operations and/or business value chain; and

   

3.  Board oversight and accountability for deforestation and/or land use-related risks.

    For additional context on our expectations for relevant disclosures and leading practices, please review our related insights gained from engaging with our portfolio companies in deforestation-intensive sectors.
    Concealment Clauses
    We expect all companies that use concealment clauses to provide public disclosure on:
   

1.  Description of concealment clauses used (e.g. arbitration, non-disclosure, non-disparagement) in employment and post-employment agreements for direct and contract employees globally;

   

2.  Carveouts enabling employees to speak publicly about experiences of sexual harassment, discrimination, and other unlawful acts; and

   

3.  Board’s role in overseeing the use of concealment clauses.

 

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About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.
 
    * Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.
    This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

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State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and

whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association,

Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’ Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

 

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1483208-3479887.4.1.GBL.RTL    0323

Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

Conflicts Mitigation Guidelines Managing Conflicts of Interest Arising from State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Activity

State Street Corporation has a comprehensive standalone Conflicts of Interest Policy and other policies that address a range of identified conflicts of interests. In addition, State Street Global Advisors, the asset management business of State Street Corporation, maintains a conflicts register that identifies key conflicts and describes systems in place to mitigate the conflicts. This document* is designed to act in conjunction with related policies and practices employed by other groups within the organization. Further, it complements those policies and practices

 

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by providing information about managing the conflicts of interests that may arise through State Street Global Advisors’ proxy voting and engagement activities.

 

 

 

  *

These Managing Conflicts of Interest Arising From State Street Global Advisors’ Proxy Voting and Engagement Activity Guidelines are also applicable to SSGA Funds Management, Inc. SSGA Funds Management, Inc. is an SEC-registered investment adviser. SSGA Funds Management, Inc., State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, and other advisory affiliates of State Street make up State Street Global Advisors, the investment management arm of State Street Corporation.

 

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Managing Conflicts of Interest Related to Proxy Voting and Engagement     State Street Global Advisors has implemented processes designed to prevent undue influence on State Street Global Advisors’ voting and engagement activities that may arise from relationships between proxy issuers or companies and State Street Corporation, State Street Global Advisors, State Street Global Advisors affiliates, State Street Global Advisors Funds, or State Street Global Advisors Fund affiliates.
    State Street Global Advisors assigns sole responsibility for the implementation of proxy voting guidelines to members of its Asset Stewardship Team, a team that is independent from other functions within the organization, such as sales and marketing, investment, or client facing teams. Proxy voting is undertaken in accordance with the Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Principles, Global Proxy Voting and Engagement Guidelines for Environmental and Social Factors, regional proxy voting and engagement guidelines and guidance published thereunder by State Street Global Advisors from time to time (the “Voting Policy”), which are reviewed and overseen by the State Street Global Advisors’ ESG Committee (the “ESG Committee”). Any changes to the Voting Policy are communicated to Asset Stewardship Team employees in a timely manner to ensure that they understand the potential impact to their proxy voting activities. In rare circumstances where nuances within specific proxy proposals fall outside of the scope of the Voting Policy, requiring case-by-case analysis, such proposals are escalated to the head of Asset Stewardship and reported to the ESG Committee. Voting consistently with the Voting Policy helps mitigate potential conflicts of interest, as the Voting Policy is determined without reference to any specific entities or relationship.
    Members of the Asset Stewardship Team may from time to time discuss views on proxy voting matters, company performance, strategy, etc. with other State Street Corporation or State Street Global Advisors employees, including portfolio managers, senior executives, and relationship managers. However, final voting decisions are made solely by the Asset Stewardship Team, in accordance with the Voting Policy and in a manner consistent with the best interest of its clients, taking into account various perspectives on risks and opportunities with the goal of maximizing the value of client assets. Except in certain jurisdictions where proxy voting decisions are regularly disclosed prior to voting pursuant to local custom, Asset Stewardship Team employees are generally prohibited from disclosing State Street Global Advisors’ voting decisions prior to the meetings. In addition, State Street Global Advisors generally exercises a single voting decision for each ballot item across the client accounts for which it is responsible for proxy voting regardless of investment strategy.1 In certain cases, where a material conflict of interest is identified, the matter may be referred to the ESG Committee for review.

 

 

 

  1

Exceptions to this unified voting policy are where: (1) State Street Global Advisors has made proxy voting choices (i.e., the State Street Global Advisors proxy voting program) available to investors within a pooled investment vehicle, in which case a pro rata portion of shares held by the fund attributable to investors who choose to participate in the proxy voting program would be voted consistent with the third-party proxy voting policies selected by the investors, and (2) in limited circumstances, certain pooled investment vehicles for which State Street Global Advisors acts as investment manager may, pursuant to their governing documents, utilize proxy voting guidelines developed by third-party advisors.

 

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Other protocols designed to help mitigate potential conflicts of interest include:

 

     

Types of Potential
Conflict

 

 

Stewardship Conflict of Interest Description

 

 

Typical Conflict Mitigation Protocols That We
Employ

 

 
Business relationships   A conflict of interest may arise where, for example, we hold investments in companies with which we, or our affiliates, have material business relationships.   Assigning sole responsibility for the implementation of proxy voting guidelines to members of Asset Stewardship Team and voting in accordance with the Voting Policy are our primary conflict mitigation protocols. Furthermore, the voting rationale is recorded to provide transparency.
 
      Additional mitigation steps may be implemented on a case-by-case basis. This may include, for example, blackout periods for communications with issuers/clients.
     
Equity investments   A conflict of interest may arise where client accounts and/ or State Street Global Advisors pooled funds, where State Street Global Advisors acts as trustee, may hold shares in State Street Corporation or other State Street Global Advisors affiliated entities, such as mutual funds affiliated with SSGA Funds Management, Inc.   Mitigants may include, for example, outsourcing voting decisions relating to a shareholder meeting of State Street Corporation or other State Street Global Advisors affiliated entities to independent outside third parties. In such cases, delegated third parties exercise voting decisions based upon State Street Global Advisors’ Voting Policy.
 
Outside business interest   A conflict of interest may arise where an Asset Stewardship Team employee or a key employee in the firm has an outside business interest (such as a director role in a company we invest in, or in the same industry as we invest).   State Street Global Advisors maintains an Outside Activities Policy and employees must submit a request requiring approval before undertaking any outside activities that are captured by the Outside Activities Policy. The request will be reviewed by the employee’s manager and the Conduct Risk Management Office to ensure compliance with applicable policies and procedures (such as the Global Anti-Corruption Policy and the Standard of Conduct) and ensure potential conflicts are mitigated.
 
      Additional mitigation steps may be implemented on a case-by-case basis. This may include, for example, retaining an independent fiduciary to make a voting decision where State Street Global Advisors believes it may be conflicted from voting due to an employee’s outside business interest.
     
Other personal conflicts   A conflict of interest may arise where a family member or other personal contact of an employee is employed by a company in which we invest.   Mitigation steps may be implemented for personal conflicts on a case-by-case basis. This may include, for example, filing a Personal Conflicts declaration with a mitigation strategy to document how the conflict will be avoided. Such strategies may include, for example, a member of the Asset Stewardship Team with a conflict recusing him/herself from voting and participating in engagement activities at the relevant company, and implementing blackout periods for communications with issuers/clients.

 

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Types of Potential
Conflict

 

 

Stewardship Conflict of Interest Description

 

 

Typical Conflict Mitigation Protocols That We
Employ

 

 
Securities lending   We may lend securities that we hold in one of our portfolios to another financial counterparty. This may create a conflict of interest regarding whether to recall those securities to enable us to vote on behalf of the portfolio in a shareholder resolution, which may impact the intended securities lending income.  

Our approach to securities lending recall, and any potential conflicts that may be created through our securities lending recall activity, is governed by the Securities Lending Recall for Proxy Voting Procedure, which is co-owned by the Asset Stewardship Team, Securities Lending Team and Proxy Operations Group. The conflict mitigation protocols include predefining criteria to systematically recall shares, periodic review of the recall procedure by relevant stakeholders, and periodic reporting of recall activities and associated forgone lending income to the relevant internal governance bodies.

 

 

   
About State Street Global Advisors    

For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion under our care.

 

 
    * Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.
    This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

 

 

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir

John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin

2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81-3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’

Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed. There is no

representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482714-3479898.4.1.GBL.RTL 0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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March 2023

State Street Global Advisors’ Global Issuer and Stakeholder Engagement Guidelines

State Street Global Advisors has developed engagement guidelines to increase transparency around our engagement philosophy, approach, and processes. These guidelines are designed to communicate with our investee companies regarding the objectives of our engagement activities and to facilitate a better understanding of our preferred terms of engagement. The guidelines also outline our approach to engaging with activist investors and shareholder proposal proponents.

 

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    State Street Global Advisors’ engagement activities are driven exclusively by our goal to maximize and protect the long-term value of our clients’ assets.
   
State Street Global Advisors’ Methodology for Developing its Annual Engagement Strategy     While we would like to maintain a dialogue with all of our portfolio companies, we recognize the need to focus our engagement efforts where we believe we will have maximum impact. Each year, as part of its strategic review process, the Asset Stewardship Team develops an annual engagement strategy, and it accordingly identifies a priority list of companies that we intend to engage with during the year. We focus on priorities that we consider important to be considered by the portfolio companies in which we invest our clients’ assets.
    The intensity and type of engagement with a company is determined by State Street Global Advisors’ relative and absolute holdings in that company. In addition, we factor in geographic diversity in our engagement efforts to reflect the level of economic exposure to various markets. Finally, we also consider the engagement culture in a market or geographic region when developing our engagement priority list and approach.
   

State Street Global Advisors meets with companies through in-person and virtual meetings. We prefer virtual meetings as we believe this is cost effective for our clients and investee companies. This also helps us minimize our global carbon footprint.

 

   
Helpful Information to Include in Engagement Request Emails to State Street Global Advisors    

To help expedite the review of engagement requests, please include the following information in engagement request emails to State Street Global Advisors:

 

•  Company name and identifier (i.e. ticker)

 

•  Topics the issuer is interested in discussing

 

•  Upcoming meeting date, if applicable

 

•  Issuer attendees and their titles

 

All requests for engagement should be sent to the Asset Stewardship Team at GovernanceTeam@ssga.com.

   
Guidelines for Engaging with Investee Companies    

•  During the ‘proxy season’, we prioritize conversations related to companies’ shareholder meetings. In the ‘off-season’, we discuss our focus areas and stewardship priorities with companies for whom these topics are most material.

 

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•  We believe that as a long-term shareholder with substantial holdings, it is important to establish a relationship and have a direct communication channel with independent directors in our investee companies. Therefore, as part of our engagement process, we prefer to meet with the non-executive chairperson/lead independent director and/or representative of key board committees. Such meetings help us assess the quality and effectiveness of the board, the extent of the oversight of management, and the board’s perspectives on key issues, such as strategy, risk, capital allocation, and compensation. It also allows us to escalate matters to the board’s attention if management has been unresponsive to suggestions discussed during prior engagements.

   

•  After our initial meeting with members of the board, the frequency of desired follow-up meetings is determined by the nature of the issues discussed. We will outline expectations and timelines for subsequent meetings during the discussion. We follow similar guidelines for meeting requests with C-suite management representatives at companies.

   

•  Typically, we allow additional capacity for reactive engagement in Q2 for markets such as the US, UK, EU, and Japan (Q4 for Australian companies) where the majority of the companies have general meetings between the months of April and June.

   

•  We reserve the Q1, Q3, and Q4 time periods to conduct the majority of our active engagements with some room for reactive engagement with companies that have experienced a significant event or are seeking approval for a corporate transaction, board transition, or other material concern.

   

•  Instances in which we are likely to accept engagement requests include instances when:

   

– We have concerns about a ballot item; and

   

– We believe that engagement will better inform our voting decision; and/or

   

– We want to discuss material risks with a company

   

•  Instances in which we are likely to decline engagement requests include instances when:

   

– We do not have any immediate concerns about a ballot item

   

– We believe we have adequate information to make an informed voting decision on a ballot item

   

– Our position on a ballot item is addressed in our public policy statement

   

– We have actively engaged with the company on matters pertaining to the ballot proposal outside the ‘proxy season’

 

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– We believe that the matter is best discussed outside the vote solicitation period

   

•  If we have provided feedback during the vote solicitation period, we believe that any follow-up discussion with the company should focus on the board or company’s response to our feedback

   

•  We track all feedback provided to investee companies and routinely conduct follow-up engagements to assess the progress made by a company toward the incorporation of our feedback

   

•  We welcome written submission of changes made by the board to the company’s governance or remuneration policies and practices

 

   
Guidelines for Engaging with Other Investors Soliciting State Street Global Advisors’ Votes in Connection with Vote-No Campaigns or Shareholder Proposals     We believe it is good practice for us to speak to other investors that are running proxy contests, putting forth vote-no campaigns, or proposing shareholder proposals at investee companies. However, we generally limit such discussions with investors to one engagement unless we believe that it is necessary for us to have a follow-up call. We welcome the opportunity to review materials sent in advance of the proposed discussion. To the extent possible, we review all materials made publicly available by the investor or the company on a contested ballot item before making a voting decision. Our primary purpose of engaging with investors is:
   

•  To gain a better understanding of their position or concerns at investee companies.

   

•  In proxy contest situations:

   

– To assess possible director candidates where investors are seeking board representation in proxy contest situations

   

– To understand the investor’s proposed strategy for the company and investment time horizon to assess their alignment with State Street Global Advisors’ views and interests as a long-term shareholder

   

All requests for engagement should be sent to GovernanceTeam@ssga.com.

 

   

Investor Engagement Protocol

   

State Street Global Advisors encourages boards of directors to develop an investor engagement protocol or plan that establishes policies and mechanisms through which independent directors communicate with and receive feedback from institutional investors. The protocol would help foster strong relationships between a company’s directors and its investors, while promoting transparency, responsibility, and accountability of the board.

 

 

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The protocol should identify key independent directors (such as a non-executive chairman, lead independent director, or a representative of a key board committee), who would be mandated to engage with shareholders on a range of topics that are of interest to State Street Global Advisors and/or other institutional investors. A robust engagement protocol would also develop a crisis communication plan for the board when institutional investors and the market-at- large need to communicate with independent directors, in a timely manner, about their oversight and response to a developing concern facing the company.

 

   
Requesting R-Factor™ Scores     Companies interested in receiving their R-Factor™ scores should submit an email request to myrfactorscore@ssga.com including the following information:
   

•  Company’s legal name

   

•  Ticker

   

•  ISIN

   

•  Company’s headquarter location

   

•  Contact name

   

•  Contact’s Title at Company

   

•  Contact email address (must be an official company email address)

   

•  Contact phone#

   

Please note that R-Factor™ scores will be provided only to employees affiliated with a company’s Investor Relations, Chief Financial Officer, ESG/Sustainability Leadership or General Secretary’s organizations. Please include attestation in your email stating that you are affiliated with one of these functions.

 

   
About State Street Global Advisors     For four decades, State Street Global Advisors has served the world’s governments, institutions and financial advisors. With a rigorous, risk-aware approach built on research, analysis and market-tested experience, we build from a breadth of index and active strategies to create cost-effective solutions. And, as pioneers in index, ETF, and ESG investing, we are always inventing new ways to invest. As a result, we have become the world’s fourth-largest asset manager* with US $3.48 trillion† under our care.
 
   

*  Pensions & Investments Research Center, as of December 31, 2021.

   

  This figure is presented as of December 31, 2022 and includes approximately $58.60 billion USD of assets with respect to SPDR products for which State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC (SSGA FD) acts solely as the marketing agent. SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated. Please note all AUM is unaudited.

 

 

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ssga.com

Marketing communication

 

 

State Street Global Advisors Worldwide Entities

Abu Dhabi: State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM branch is regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA). This document is intended for Professional Clients or Market Counterparties only as defined by the FSRA and no other person should act upon it. State Street Global Advisors Limited, ADGM Branch, Al Khatem Tower, Suite 42801, Level 28, ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island, P.O Box 76404, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Regulated by the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority. T: +971 2 245 9000. Australia: State Street Global Advisors, Australia, Limited (ABN 42 003 914 225) is the holder of an Australian Financial Services License (AFSL Number 238276). Registered office: Level 14, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. T: +612 9240-7600. F: +612 9240-7611. Belgium: State Street Global Advisors Belgium, Chaussée de La Hulpe 185, 1170 Brussels, Belgium. T: +32 2 663 2036. State Street Global Advisors Belgium is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78

Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Canada: State Street Global Advisors, Ltd., 1981 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Qc, H3A 3A8, T: +514 282 2400 and 30 Adelaide Street East Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5C 3G6. T: +647 775 5900. France: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, France Branch (“State Street Global Advisors France”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors France is registered in France with company number RCS Nanterre 899 183 289, and its office is located at Coeur Défense — Tour A — La Défense 4, 33e étage, 100, Esplanade du Général de Gaulle, 92 931 Paris La Défense Cedex, France. T: +33 1 44 45 40 00. F: +33 1 44 45 41 92. Germany: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Branch in Germany, Brienner Strasse 59, D-80333 Munich, Germany (“State Street Global Advisors Germany”). T: +49 (0)89 55878 400. State Street Global Advisors Germany is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin

2. Hong Kong: State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, 68/F, Two International Finance Centre, 8 Finance Street, Central, Hong Kong. T: +852 2103-0288. F: +852 2103-0200. Ireland: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Registered office address 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Registered Number: 49934. T: +353 (0)1 776 3000. F: +353 (0)1 776 3300. Italy: State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, Italy Branch (“State Street Global Advisors Italy”) is a branch of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. State Street Global Advisors Italy is registered in Italy with company number 11871450968 — REA: 2628603 and VAT number 11871450968, and its office is located at Via Ferrante Aporti, 10 - 20125 Milan, Italy. T: +39 02 32066 100. F: +39 02 32066 155. Japan: State Street Global Advisors (Japan) Co., Ltd., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower 25F 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-6325 Japan. T: +81- 3-4530-7380. Financial Instruments Business Operator, Kanto Local Financial Bureau (Kinsho #345), Membership: Japan Investment Advisers Association, The Investment Trust Association, Japan, Japan Securities Dealers’

Association. Netherlands: State Street Global Advisors Netherlands, Apollo Building 7th floor, Herikerbergweg 29, 1101 CN Amsterdam, Netherlands. T: +31 20 7181 000. State Street Global Advisors Netherlands is a branch office of State Street Global Advisors Europe Limited, registered in Ireland with company number 49934, authorised and regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, and whose registered office is at 78 Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2. Singapore: State Street Global Advisors Singapore Limited, 168, Robinson Road, #33-01 Capital Tower, Singapore 068912 (Company Reg. No: 200002719D, regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore). T: +65 6826-7555. F: +65 6826-7501. Switzerland: State Street Global Advisors AG, Beethovenstr. 19, CH-8027 Zurich. Registered with the Register of Commerce Zurich CHE-105.078.458. T: +41 (0)44 245 70 00. F: +41 (0)44 245 70 16. United Kingdom: State Street Global Advisors Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered in England. Registered No. 2509928. VAT No. 5776591 81. Registered office: 20 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HJ. T: 020 3395 6000. F: 020 3395 6350. United States: State Street Global Advisors, 1 Iron Street, Boston, MA 02210-1641. T: +1 617 786 3000.

 

 

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The views expressed in this material are the views of SSGA Asset Stewardship Team through the period ended March 23, 2023 and are subject to change based on market and other conditions. This document contains certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. Please note that any such statements are not guarantees of any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected.

Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal.

The whole or any part of this work may not be reproduced, copied or transmitted or any of its contents disclosed to third parties without SSGA’s express written consent.

All information is from SSGA unless otherwise noted and has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but its accuracy is not guaranteed.

There is no representation or warranty as to the current accuracy, reliability or completeness of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such.

The information provided does not constitute investment advice and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does not take into account any investor’s particular investment objectives, strategies, tax status or investment horizon. You should consult your tax and financial advisor.

The returns on a portfolio of securities which exclude companies that do not meet the portfolio’s specified ESG criteria may trail the returns on a portfolio of securities which include such companies. A portfolio’s ESG criteria may result in the portfolio investing in industry sectors or securities which underperform the market as a whole.

This communication is directed at professional clients (this includes eligible counterparties as defined by the appropriate EU regulator who are deemed both knowledgeable and experienced in matters relating to investments. The products and services to which this communication relates are only available to such persons and persons of any other description (including retail clients) should not rely on this communication.

The trademarks and service marks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. Third party data providers make no warranties or representations of any kind relating to the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the data and have no liability for damages of any kind relating to the use of such data.

Responsible-Factor (R Factor) scoring is designed by State Street to reflect certain ESG characteristics and does not represent investment performance. Results

generated out of the scoring

model is based on sustainability and corporate governance dimensions of a scored entity.

The information contained in this communication is not a research recommendation or ‘investment research’ and is classified as a ‘Marketing Communication’ in accordance with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2014/65/EU) or applicable Swiss regulation. This means that this marketing communication (a) has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research (b) is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research.

© 2023 State Street Corporation.

All Rights Reserved.

ID1482720-3479897.3.1.GBL.RTL    0323 Exp. Date: 03/31/2024

 

 

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PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28.
Exhibits
(a)(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(b)(1)
(c)
None.
(d)(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)

(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(e)
Not Applicable.
(f)
Not Applicable.
(g)(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(h)(1)
(1)(a)
(1)(b)
(1)(c)
(1)(d)
(1)(e)
(1)(f)
(1)(g)

(1)(h)
(1)(i)
(1)(j)
Supplement dated December 17, 2018 to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement to be filed by subsequent
amendment.
(2)(a)
(2)(a)(1)
(2)(a)(2)
(2)(a)(3)
(2)(a)(4)
(2)(b)
(2)(b)(1)
(2)(b)(2)
(2)(b)(3)
(2)(b)(4)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Anti-Money Laundering Reliance Letter Agreement and Initial Certification between the Trust and the State Street
Bank and Trust Company dated December 17, 2018 to be filed by subsequent amendment.
(6)
Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between the Trust on behalf of its series State Street Navigator Securities
Lending Portfolio III (the “Acquired Fund”) and State Street Navigator Securities Lending Portfolio II (the “Acquiring
Fund”) and SSGA FM dated October 28, 2019 to be filed by subsequent amendment.
(i)
Not applicable.
(j)
(k)
Not Applicable.
(l)
None.
(m)
Not Applicable.
(n)
Not Applicable.
(o)(1)
(o)(2)
(o)(3)

Item 29.
Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control With Registrant
The Registrant is not directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with any person other than the Trustees. It does not have any subsidiaries.
Item 30.
Indemnification
Under Article VI of the Registrant’s Master Trust Agreement the Trust generally shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers (including persons who serve at the Trust’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter referred to as a “Covered Person”)) against, and advance expenses with respect to, all liabilities, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and expenses, including reasonable accountants’ and counsel fees, incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having been such a Trustee or officer, director or trustee, except with respect to any matter as to which it has been determined that such Covered Person had acted with willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office (such conduct referred to hereafter as “Disabling Conduct”). A determination that the Covered Person is entitled to indemnification may be made by (i) a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that the person to be indemnified was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct, (ii) dismissal of a court action or an administrative proceeding against a Covered Person for insufficiency of evidence of Disabling Conduct, or (iii) a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that the indemnitee was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct by (a) a vote of a majority of a quorum of Trustees who are neither “interested persons” of the Trust as defined in section 2(a) (19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), nor parties to the proceeding, (b) an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (c) Trust shareholders.
Insofar as indemnification by the Registrant for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), may be permitted to Trustees, officers, underwriters and controlling persons of the Registrant, pursuant to Article VI of the Registrant’s Master Trust Agreement, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted against the Registrant by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Under a separate Indemnification Agreement by and among the Registrant and each Trustee, the Registrant has undertaken to indemnify and advance expenses to each Trustee in a manner consistent with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Agreement precludes indemnification or advancement of expenses with respect to “disabling conduct” (willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of office) and sets forth reasonable and fair means for determining whether indemnification or advancement of expenses shall be made.
Item 31.
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
Any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each director or principal officer of each investment adviser is or has been, at any time during the last two fiscal years, engaged for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee are as follows:
SSGA FM serves as the investment adviser for each series of the Trust. SSGA FM is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Global Advisors, Inc., which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation. SSGA FM and other advisory affiliates of State Street Corporation make up State Street Global Advisors (“SSGA”), the investment management arm of State Street Corporation. The principal address of SSGA FM is One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. SSGA FM is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Below is a list of the directors and principal executive officers of SSGA FM and their principal occupation(s). Unless otherwise noted, the address of each person listed is One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.

Name
Position with and Name of Other Company
Ellen Needham
Chairperson, Director and President of SSGA FM; Senior Vice President/Senior Managing Director of
SSGA
Sean Driscoll
Director of SSGA FM; Managing Director of SSGA
Barry F.X. Smith
Director of SSGA FM; Executive Vice President of SSGA
Shweta Narasimhadevara
Director of SSGA FM; Senior Vice President/Senior Managing Director of SSGA
Apea Amoa
Director of SSGA FM; Senior Vice President/Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer of
SSGA
Jaclyn Collier
Chief Compliance Officer of SSGA FM; Senior Vice President/Senior Managing Director and Chief
Compliance Officer of SSGA
Bo Trevino
Treasurer of SSGA FM; Vice President of SSGA
Sean O’Malley, Esq.
Chief Legal Officer of SSGA FM; Senior Vice President/Senior Managing Director and General
Counsel of SSGA
Ann Carpenter
Chief Operating Officer of SSGA FM; Managing Director of SSGA
Timothy Corbett
Chief Risk Officer of SSGA FM; Senior Vice President/Senior Managing Director of SSGA
Jamie Bernardi
Derivates Risk Manager of SSGA FM; Managing Director of SSGA
Christyann Weltens
Derivates Risk Manager of SSGA FM; Vice President of SSGA
David Ireland
CTA Chief Marketing Officer of SSGA FM; Senior Vice President/Senior Managing Director of
SSGA
David Urman, Esq.
Clerk of SSGA FM; Vice President and Senior Counsel of SSGA
Daniel Furman, Esq.
Assistant Clerk of SSGA FM; Managing Director and Managing Counsel of SSGA
Leanne Dunn, Esq.
Assistant Clerk of SSGA FM; Managing Director and Senior Counsel of SSGA
Michael Pastore, Esq.
Assistant Clerk of SSGA FM; Managing Director and Senior Counsel of SSGA
David Robbins Ireland
CTA-Chief Marketing Officer of SSGA FM
Item 32.
Principal Underwriters
Not applicable.
Item 33.
Location of Accounts and Records
All accounts, books, records and documents of the Registrant required pursuant to Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder are located in whole or in part, as the offices of the Registrant and the following locations:
SSGA Funds Management, Inc. (Investment Adviser and Administrator)
One Iron Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02210
State Street Bank and Trust Company (Sub-Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent)
State Street Financial Center
One Lincoln Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02111
Item 34.
Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 35.
Undertakings
Not applicable.

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant, State Street Navigator Securities Lending Trust, has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the City of Boston and Commonwealth of Massachusetts on the 26th day of April 2023.
STATE STREET NAVIGATOR SECURITIES LENDING TRUST
By:
/s/ Ellen M. Needham
 
Ellen M. Needham
President and Trustee
(Principal Executive Officer)
By:
/s/ Bruce S. Rosenberg
 
Bruce S. Rosenberg
Treasurer
(Principal Accounting Officer and Principal
Accounting Officer)

EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.
Exhibit
(d)(9)
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement Arrangements letter
(h)(3)
Indemnification Agreement dated September 15, 2022
(h)(4)
Indemnification Agreement dated March 2, 2023
(j)
Consent of Ernst &Young LLP
(o)(2)
Power of Attorney dated September 15, 2022
(o)(3)
Power of Attorney dated March 10, 2023
(p)(1)
Joint Code of Ethics