Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes

The income before income taxes includes the following components (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Domestic (U.S., state and local)	$	41,178	$	28,563	$	5,544
Foreign		48,805		48,596		45,781
Total income before income taxes	$	89,983	$	77,159	$	51,325

Significant Components of Income Tax Provision

Significant components of the income tax provision are as follows (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Current:
U.S. federal	$	7,374		$	2,579		$	881
State and local		1,051			542			82
Foreign		10,446			11,382			13,464
Total current provision for income taxes		18,871			14,503			14,427
Deferred:
U.S. federal		3,873			5,437			866
State and local		(1,227	)		(446	)		—
Foreign		(131	)		(126	)		(1,228	)
Total deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes		2,515			4,865			(362	)
Total provision for income taxes	$	21,386		$	19,368		$	14,065

Significant Portions of Deferred Income Tax Provision (Benefit) Due to Temporary Differences

The temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax provision (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	$	3,564		$	19,335		$	8,029
Accrued expenses/liabilities		2,856			(4,505	)		954
Depreciation and amortization		(2,231	)		(6,220	)		(5,030	)
Valuation allowance		(1,958	)		(3,706	)		(1,887	)
Deferred statutory income		266			(29	)		(2,425	)
Other		18			(10	)		(3	)
Total deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	2,515		$	4,865		$	(362	)

Reconciliation of Income Tax Provision

The reconciliation of the income tax provision computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax provision is as follows (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Tax at U.S. federal statutory tax rate	$	31,494		$	27,005		$	17,964
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit		(177	)		934			82
Foreign rate differential		(14,030	)		(13,164	)		(9,319	)
Tax holidays		(4,031	)		(2,749	)		(4,686	)
Permanent differences		11,737			10,170			9,051
Tax credits		(4,102	)		(4,894	)		(5,020	)
Foreign withholding and other taxes		2,321			2,541			4,643
Change in valuation allowance, net of related adjustments		(631	)		(7	)		1,354
Changes in uncertain tax positions		(1,858	)		(468	)		(4	)
Other		663			—			—
Total provision for income taxes	$	21,386		$	19,368		$	14,065

Significant Portions of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Due to Temporary Differences

The temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2015			2014
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	$	32,328		$	35,400
Valuation allowance		(30,065	)		(34,146	)
Accrued expenses		24,276			25,694
Deferred revenue		3,193			3,757
Depreciation and amortization		953			835
Other		54			—
		30,739			31,540
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization		(19,826	)		(20,172	)
Deferred statutory income		(579	)		(772	)
Accrued liabilities		(1,104	)		(141	)
Other		(119	)		(1	)
		(21,628	)		(21,086	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	9,111		$	10,454

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Classifications

	December 31,
	2015			2014
Classified as follows:
Other current assets (Note 9)	$	12,009		$	13,703
Deferred charges and other assets (Note 13)		1,899			1,681
Current deferred income tax liabilities		(1,120	)		(144	)
Other long-term liabilities		(3,677	)		(4,786	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	9,111		$	10,454

Reconciliation of Amounts of Unrecognized Net Tax Benefits

The tabular reconciliation of the amounts of unrecognized net tax benefits is presented below (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1,	$	13,285		$	14,991		$	16,897
Decreases due to lapse in applicable statute of limitations		(2,206	)		—			(390	)
Foreign currency translation increases (decreases)		(2,963	)		(1,706	)		(1,516	)
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31,	$	8,116		$	13,285		$	14,991

Summary of Significant Tax Jurisdictions Currently under Audit

The significant tax jurisdictions currently under audit are as follows:

Tax Jurisdiction	Tax Year Ended
Canada	2003 to 2009

Summary of Tax Jurisdictions and Open Tax Years

The following table presents the major tax jurisdictions and tax years that are open and subject to examination by the respective tax authorities as of December 31, 2015:

Tax Jurisdiction	Tax Year Ended
Canada	2003 to present
United States (1)	2012 to present

⁽¹⁾  The 2002 to 2011 tax years are open to the extent of the tax credit carryforward amounts.