Fair Value of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Note 15: Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Corporation adopted ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” and elected the fair value option pursuant to ASC 825, “Financial Instruments” on single-family loans originated for sale. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 825 permits entities to elect to measure many financial instruments and certain other assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis (the “Fair Value Option”) at specified election dates. At each subsequent reporting date, an entity is required to report unrealized gains and losses on items in earnings for which the fair value option has been elected. The objective of the Fair Value Option is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions.

The following table describes the difference at the dates indicated between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment at fair value:

			Aggregate
			Unpaid		Net
	Aggregate		Principal		Unrealized
(In Thousands)	Fair Value		Balance		Loss
As of June 30, 2024:
Loans held for investment, at fair value	$	1,047	$	1,200	$	(153)
As of June 30, 2023:
Loans held for investment, at fair value	$	1,312	$	1,483	$	(171)

ASC 820 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used in fair value calculations. The three levels of inputs are defined as follows:

Level 1	-	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Corporation has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2	-	Observable inputs other than Level 1 such as: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated to observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include the use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
Level 3	-	Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability that use significant assumptions, including assumptions of risks. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Corporation’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the use of pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

ASC 820 requires the Corporation to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. If a financial instrument uses inputs that fall in different levels of the hierarchy, the instrument will be categorized based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value calculation.

The Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of investment securities available for sale, loans held for investment at fair value, other equity investments and interest-only strips; while loans with individually evaluated allowances and mortgage servicing assets (“MSA”) are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Investment securities - available for sale are primarily comprised of U.S. government agency MBS, U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS, private issue CMO and investment in equity securities. The Corporation utilizes quoted prices in active markets for similar securities for its fair value measurement of MBS and investment in equity securities (Level 2) and broker price indications for similar securities in non-active markets for its fair value measurement of the private issue CMO (Level 3).

Loans held for investment at fair value are primarily single-family loans which have been transferred from loans held for sale. The fair value is determined by management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan (Level 3).

Loans with individually evaluated allowance that are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are loans which are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrowers or of the collateral pledged. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The fair value of a loan with an individually evaluated allowance is determined based on the discounted cash flow or current appraised value of the underlying collateral. Appraised and reported values may be discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the collateral. For commercial real estate loans with an individually evaluated allowance, the fair value is derived from the appraised value of its collateral. Loans with an individually evaluated allowance are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional allowance and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors identified above (Level 3). This loss is not recorded directly as an adjustment to current earnings or other comprehensive income (loss), but rather as a component in determining the overall adequacy of the ACL. These adjustments to the estimated fair value of loans with an individually evaluated allowance may result in increases or decreases to the provision for (recovery of) credit losses recorded in current earnings.

The fair value of other equity investments is derived from quoted prices in active markets for the equivalent or similar investments (Level 2).

The Corporation uses the amortization method for its MSA, which amortizes the MSA in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income and assesses the MSA for impairment based on fair value at each reporting date. The fair value of the MSA is derived using the present value method; which includes a third party’s prepayment projections of similar instruments, weighted average coupon rates, estimated servicing costs and discount interest rates (Level 3).

The fair value of interest-only strips is derived using the same assumptions that are used to value the related MSA (Level 3).

The Corporation’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Corporation’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

The following fair value hierarchy tables present information at the dates indicated about the Corporation’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2024 Using:
(In Thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities - available for sale:
U.S. government agency MBS	$	—	$	1,208	$	—	$	1,208
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS		—		553		—		553
Private issue CMO		—		—		88		88
Investment securities - available for sale		—		1,761		88		1,849
Loans held for investment, at fair value		—		—		1,047		1,047
Other equity investments, fair value		—		540		—		540
Interest-only strips		—		—		8		8
Total assets	$	—	$	2,301	$	1,143	$	3,444
Liabilities:	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

	Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2023 Using:
(In Thousands)		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities - available for sale:
U.S. government agency MBS	$	—	$	1,370	$	—	$	1,370
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS		—		683		—		683
Private issue CMO		—		—		102		102
Investment securities - available for sale		—		2,053		102		2,155
Loans held for investment, at fair value		—		—		1,312		1,312
Interest-only strips		—		—		9		9
Total assets	$	—	$	2,053	$	1,423	$	3,476
Liabilities:	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The following tables provide a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances during the periods shown of recurring fair value measurements recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition using Level 3 inputs:

	Fair Value Measurement
	Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
	(Level 3)
	Private		Loans Held For		Interest-
	Issue		Investment, at		Only
(In Thousands)	CMO		fair value(1)		Strips		Total
Beginning balance at June 30, 2023	$	102	$	1,312	$	9	$	1,423
Adjustment due to ASC 326 CECL adoption		—		28		—		28
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings		—		(10)		—		(10)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		(1)		—		(1)		(2)
Purchases		—		—		—		—
Issuances		—		—		—		—
Settlements		(13)		(283)		—		(296)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		—		—		—		—
Ending balance at June 30, 2024	$	88	$	1,047	$	8	$	1,143

(1) The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes management’s estimate of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for interest rate characteristics.

	Fair Value Measurement
	Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
	(Level 3)
	Private		Loans Held For		Interest-
	Issue		Investment, at		Only
(In Thousands)	CMO		fair value(1)		Strips		Total
Beginning balance at June 30, 2022	$	113	$	1,396	$	7	$	1,516
Total gains or losses (realized/ unrealized):
Included in earnings		—		2		—		2
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		3		—		2		5
Purchases		—		—		—		—
Issuances		—		—		—		—
Settlements		(14)		(86)		—		(100)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		—		—		—		—
Ending balance at June 30, 2023	$	102	$	1,312	$	9	$	1,423

(1) The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes management’s estimate of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for interest rate characteristics.

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Corporation’s assets measured at fair value at the dates indicated on a nonrecurring basis:

	Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2024 Using:
(In Thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Loans with individually evaluated allowance	$	—	$	—	$	695	$	695
Mortgage servicing assets		—		—		87		87
Total	$	—	$	—	$	782	$	782

	Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2023 Using:
(In Thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Loans with individually evaluated allowance	$	—	$	251	$	1,049	$	1,300
Mortgage servicing assets		—		—		90		90
Total	$	—	$	251	$	1,139	$	1,390

The following table presents additional information about valuation techniques and inputs used for assets and liabilities, including derivative financial instruments, which are measured at fair value and categorized within Level 3 as of June 30, 2024:

						Impact to
	Fair Value					Valuation
	As of					from an
	June 30,		Valuation		Range(1)	Increase in
(Dollars In Thousands)	2024		Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	(Weighted Average)	Inputs(2)
Assets:
Securities available-for sale: Private issue CMO	$	88	Market comparable pricing	Comparability adjustment	(2.0%) - (6.5%) (2.9%)	Increase
Loans held for investment, at fair value	$	1,047	Relative value analysis	Broker quotes	86.9% - 89.0% (88.2%) of par	Increase
				Credit risk factor	1.0% - 1.1% (1.0%)	Decrease
Loans with individually evaluated allowance	$	695	Discounted cash flow	Default rate	5.0%	Decrease
				Discount rate	6.9%	Decrease
MSAs	$	87	Discounted cash flow	Prepayment rate (CPR)	5.1% - 60.0% (9.6%)	Decrease
				Discount rate	9.0% - 10.5% (9.1%)	Decrease
Interest-only strips	$	8	Discounted cash flow	Prepayment rate (CPR)	7.3% - 12.3% (8.6%)	Decrease
				Discount rate	9.0%	Decrease
Liabilities:
None

(1) The range is based on the historical estimated fair values and management estimates.

(2) Unless otherwise noted, this column represents the directional change in the fair value of the Level 3 investments that would result from an increase to the corresponding unobservable input. A decrease to the unobservable input would have the opposite effect. Significant changes in these inputs in isolation could result in significantly higher or lower fair value measurements.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities include the following: CMO offered quotes, prepayment rates and discount rates, among others. Significant increases or decreases in any of these inputs in isolation could result in significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. The various unobservable inputs used to determine valuations may have similar or diverging impacts on valuation. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, there were no significant changes to the Corporation's valuation techniques and inputs that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.

The carrying amount and fair value of the Corporation’s other financial instruments as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	June 30, 2024
	Carrying		Fair
(In Thousands)	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Loans held for investment, not recorded at fair value	$	1,051,932	$	973,453	$	—	$	—	$	973,453
Investment securities - held to maturity	$	130,051	$	114,393	$	—	$	114,393	$	—
FHLB – San Francisco stock	$	9,568	$	9,568	$	—	$	9,568	$	—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	888,348	$	888,527	$	—	$	888,527	$	—
Borrowings	$	238,500	$	237,691	$	—	$	237,691	$	—

	June 30, 2023
	Carrying		Fair
(In Thousands)	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Loans held for investment, not recorded at fair value	$	1,076,317	$	970,277	$	—	$	—	$	970,277
Investment securities - held to maturity	$	154,337	$	135,541	$	—	$	135,541	$	—
FHLB – San Francisco stock	$	9,505	$	9,505	$	—	$	9,505	$	—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	950,571	$	949,116	$	—	$	949,116	$	—
Borrowings	$	235,009	$	232,764	$	—	$	232,764	$	—

Loans held for investment, not recorded at fair value: For loans that reprice frequently at market rates, the carrying amount approximates the fair value. For fixed-rate loans, the fair value is determined by either (i) discounting the estimated future cash flows of such loans over their estimated remaining contractual maturities using a current interest rate at which such loans would be made to borrowers, or (ii) quoted market prices.

Investment securities - held to maturity: The investment securities - held to maturity consist of U.S. SBA securities, U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS and U.S. government sponsored enterprise CMO. For the U.S. SBA securities and U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS and CMO, the Corporation utilizes quoted prices in active markets for similar securities for its fair value measurement (Level 2).

FHLB – San Francisco stock is carried at cost/par value and represents its fair value. When redeemed, the Corporation will receive an amount equal to the par value of the stock.

Deposits: The fair value of time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation. The discount rate is based upon observable inputs, including rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The fair value of transaction accounts (checking, money market and savings accounts) is equal to the carrying amounts payable on demand.

Borrowings: The fair value of borrowings has been estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation. The discount rate on such borrowings is based upon rates currently offered for borrowings of similar remaining maturities.

The Corporation has various processes and controls in place to ensure that fair value is reasonably estimated. The Corporation generally determines fair value of their Level 3 assets and liabilities by using internally developed models which primarily utilize discounted cash flow techniques and prices obtained from independent management services or brokers. The Corporation performs due diligence procedures over third-party pricing service providers in order to support their use in the valuation process.

While the Corporation believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a

different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, there were no significant changes to the Corporation’s valuation techniques that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.