Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting unit for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):



Carrying Amounts, gross	U.S. and Canada			International			Halloween		Total
Balance, January 1, 2018	$	29,857		$	11,580		$	2,235	$	43,672
Adjustments to goodwill for foreign currency translation	(203		)	(98		)	—		(301		)
Balance, December 31, 2018	29,654			11,482			2,235		43,371
Adjustments to goodwill for foreign currency translation	—			—			—		—
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	29,654		$	11,482		$	2,235	$	43,371



Accumulated Impairment Losses	U.S. and Canada			International		Halloween			Total
Balance, January 1, 2018, December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2019	$	(6,053	)	$	—	$	(2,235	)	$	(8,288	)



Carry Amounts, net	U.S. and Canada		International		Halloween		Total
Balance, January 1, 2018	$	23,804	$	11,580	$	—	$	35,384
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	23,601	$	11,482	$	—	$	35,083
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	23,601	$	11,482	$	—	$	35,083

The Company applies a fair value-based impairment test to the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis and, on an interim basis, if certain events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have been incurred. Goodwill impairment exists when the estimated fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying value.

Based on the Company’s April 1, 2017 annual assessment, it was determined that the fair values of its reporting units were not less than the carrying amounts. Based on several factors that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company determined the fair value of its reporting units should be retested for potential impairment. As a result of the retesting performed, a charge of $8.3 million for goodwill impairment was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2017. The valuation process included a combination of a guideline public company method and a discounted cash flow method using Level 3 inputs.

Based on several factors that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company determined the fair value of its reporting units should be retested for potential impairment. As a result of the retesting performed, no goodwill impairment was determined to have occurred for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Based on the Company’s April 1, 2018 annual assessment, it was determined that the fair values of its reporting units were not less than the carrying amounts. Also, no goodwill impairment was determined to have occurred for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Based on the Company’s April 1, 2019 annual assessment, it was determined that the fair values of its reporting units were not less than the carrying amounts. Also, no goodwill impairment was determined to have occurred for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The U.S. and Canada reporting unit had a negative carrying value of net asset as of December 31, 2019.