<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0202</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2006-11-15</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>1</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000225648</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>COVANTA HOLDING CORP</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>CVA</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001263972</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>D. E. SHAW LAMINAR PORTFOLIOS, L.L.C.</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>39TH FLOOR, TOWER 45</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>120 WEST FORTY-FIFTH STREET</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>NEW YORK</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>NY</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>10036</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>1</isOther>
            <otherText>See footnote 1 and 2.</otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001009268</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>D. E. SHAW &amp; CO, L.P.</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>39TH FLOOR, TOWER 45</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>120 WEST FORTY-FIFTH STREET</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>NEW YORK</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>NY</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>10036</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>1</isOther>
            <otherText>See footnote 1 and 2.</otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001277502</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>D. E. SHAW &amp; CO, L.L.C.</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>39TH FLOOR, TOWER 45</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>120 WEST FORTY-FIFTH STREET</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>NEW YORK</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>NY</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>10036</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>1</isOther>
            <otherText>See footnote 1 and 2.</otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001023870</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>SHAW DAVID E</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>39TH FLOOR, TOWER 45</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>120 WEST FORTY-FIFTH STREET</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>NEW YORK</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>NY</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>10036</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>1</isOther>
            <otherText>See footnote 1 and 2.</otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2006-11-15</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>250000</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>20.13</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>15652705</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2006-11-17</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>1050200</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>20.27</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>14602505</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">The securities of the Issuer to which this form relates are held directly by
D. E. Shaw Laminar Portfolios, L.L.C. (&quot;Laminar&quot;). D. E. Shaw &amp; Co., L.P. (&quot;DESCO
LP&quot;), as an investment adviser to Laminar; D. E. Shaw &amp; Co., L.L.C. (&quot;DESCO LLC&quot;),
as managing member of Laminar; and Mr. David E. Shaw (&quot;David E. Shaw&quot;) (as president
and sole shareholder of D. E. Shaw &amp; Co., Inc., which is the general partner of
DESCO LP, and as president and sole shareholder of D. E. Shaw &amp; Co. II, Inc., which
is the managing member of DESCO LLC) may be deemed to be the beneficial owners of
more than 10% of the Common Stock of the Issuer for purposes of Rule 16a-1(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">In accordance with instruction 4(b)(iv), the entire number of shares of Common Stock
that may be deemed to be beneficially owned by DESCO LP or DESCO LLC is reported
herein. Each of DESCO LP, DESCO LLC, and David E. Shaw disclaims any beneficial
ownership of any of the securities listed in this Form 4, except to the extent of
any pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>D. E. Shaw Laminar Portfolios, L.L.C.,       By: D. E. Shaw &amp; Co., L.L.C., as Managing Member, Name: Julius Gaudio, Title: Managing Director</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2006-11-17</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>D. E. Shaw &amp; Co., L.P., Name: Julius Gaudio, Title: Managing Director</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2006-11-17</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>D. E. Shaw &amp; Co., L.L.C., Name: Julius Gaudio, Title: Managing Director</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2006-11-17</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>David E. Shaw, Name: Julius Gaudio, Title: Attorney-in-Fact for David E. Shaw</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2006-11-17</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
