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Stock Options And Other Stock Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Stock Options And Other Stock Plans [Abstract]  
Schedule Of Stock-Based Compensation Information regarding stock-based compensation appears in the table below:

Millions

2019

2018

2017

Stock-based compensation, before tax:

Stock options

$

16 

$

17 

$

19 

Retention awards

77 

79 

84 

Total stock-based compensation, before tax

$

93 

$

96 

$

103 

Excess tax benefits from equity compensation plans

$

52 

$

28 

$

44 
Schedule Of Stock Options Weighted Average Assumptions The table below shows the annual weighted-average assumptions used for valuation purposes:

Weighted-Average Assumptions

2019

2018

2017

Risk-free interest rate

2.5%

2.6%

2.0%

Dividend yield

2.2%

2.3%

2.3%

Expected life (years)

5.2

5.3

5.3

Volatility

22.7%

21.1%

21.7%

Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted

$

30.37

$

21.70

$

18.19

Summary Of Stock Options Activity A summary of stock option activity during 2019 is presented below:

Options (thous.)

Weighted-Average Exercise Price

Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term

Aggregate Intrinsic Value (millions)

Outstanding at January 1, 2019

5,170 

$

92.06 

5.4 

yrs.

$

239 

Granted

573 

160.84 

N/A

N/A

Exercised

(2,118)

73.63 

N/A

N/A

Forfeited or expired

(123)

122.73 

N/A

N/A

Outstanding at December 31, 2019

3,502 

$

113.38 

6.1 

yrs.

$

236 

Vested or expected to vest
‎     at December 31, 2019

3,464 

$

113.10 

6.1 

yrs.

$

234 

Options exercisable at December 31, 2019

2,257 

$

100.42 

5.0 

yrs.

$

181 
Schedule Of Stock Option Exercises Additional information regarding stock option exercises appears in the following table:

Millions

2019

2018

2017

Intrinsic value of stock options exercised

$

193 

$

83 

$

88 

Cash received from option exercises

130 

76 

59 

Treasury shares repurchased for employee payroll taxes

(37)

(20)

(18)

Tax benefit realized from option exercises

48 

21 

34 

Aggregate grant-date fair value of stock options vested

15 

19 

20 
Schedule Of Retention Awards Changes in our retention awards during 2019 were as follows:

Shares (thous.)

Weighted-Average
‎Grant-Date Fair Value

Nonvested at January 1, 2019

2,070 

$

104.55 

Granted

384 

161.79 

Vested

(451)

119.66 

Forfeited

(105)

112.09 

Nonvested at December 31, 2019

1,898 

$

112.12 
Schedule Of Performance Retention Awards, Present Value Calculation Assumptions The assumptions used to calculate the present value of estimated future dividends related to the February 2019 grant were as follows:

2019

Dividend per share per quarter

$

0.88 

Risk-free interest rate at date of grant

2.5%
Schedule Of Performance Retention Awards Changes in our performance retention awards during 2019 were as follows:

Shares (thous.)

Weighted-Average
‎Grant-Date Fair Value

Nonvested at January 1, 2019

1,092 

$

95.12 

Granted

324 

151.24 

Vested

(269)

70.87 

Unearned

(127)

70.09 

Forfeited

(91)

113.67 

Nonvested at December 31, 2019

929 

$

123.32