<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0202</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2004-07-02</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001008554</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>HUMBOLDT BANCORP</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>HBEK</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001209460</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>MILLS STEVEN R</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O HUMBOLDT BANCORP</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>2998 DOUGLAS BLVD., SUITE 330</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>ROSEVILLE</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>CA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>95661</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2004-07-02</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>150</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>20.92</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>5050</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Open market purchase pursuant to Trading Plan (10b-5) effective May 3, 2004. The Trading Plan is set to terminate on July 30, 2004, unless the Merger with Umpqua Holdings Corporation should close prior to July 30, 2004. The expected date for the Merger is July 9, 2004. If the Merger closes on July 9, 2004, the trade on July 2, 2004 would be the last trade for Mr. Mills. If the Merger does not close, the trading will commence through July 30, 2004 for Mr. Mills.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <remarks></remarks>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>Steven R. Mills</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2004-07-02</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>Signed by Patrick J. Rusnak, Power of Attorney on File</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2004-07-02</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>

