Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of PURE Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, ETIH2O Inc., a Nevada corporation. ETIH2O Inc. has no business and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETIH2O Inc. during the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board or the FASB, Accounting Standards Codification or ASC, Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers or Topic 606. Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process:

1.	Identify the contract with the customer
2.	Identify the performance obligations in the contract
3.	Determine the transaction price
4.	Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
5.	Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied

Under Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company’s technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and its initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. The Company sells various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. The Company currently offer PURE^® Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. The Company also offer PURE Control^® as a direct food contact processing aid.

Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which it considers to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price.

Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that it satisfies at a point in time. The Company recognizes product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) it has transferred physical possession of the products, (b) it has a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products.

The Company’s direct customer and distributor sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Its payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after it satisfies its performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. The Company currently offers no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns.

Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales.

The Company does not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

A summary of the Company’s revenue by product type for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

	July 31,
	2024		2023
PURE Hard Surface	$	1,858,000	$	1,786,000
SILVÉRION		97,000		85,000
	$	1,955,000	$	1,871,000

Variable Consideration

The Company records revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price it expects to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, the Company offer sales promotions on its products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements, and the disclosures made in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Those estimates and assumptions include estimates for reserves of uncollectible accounts, inventory obsolescence, depreciable lives of property and equipment, analysis of impairments of recorded long-term tangible and intangible assets, realization of deferred tax assets, accruals for potential liabilities and assumptions made in valuing stock instruments issued for services.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities from the purchase date of three months or less.

Restricted Cash

The Company is required to maintain $75,000 in a restricted certificate of deposit account in order to fully collateralize four revolving credit card accounts.

Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are recorded net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company evaluates the collectability of its trade accounts receivable based on a number of factors. In circumstances where the Company become aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to the Company, a specific reserve for bad debts is estimated and recorded, which reduces the recognized receivable to the estimated amount the Company believes will ultimately be collected. In addition to specific customer identification of potential bad debts, bad debt charges are recorded based on our historical losses and an overall assessment of past due trade accounts receivable outstanding. Management determined no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary at July 31, 2024 and 2023.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. The Company regularly reviews its inventory quantities on hand and records a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on its estimated forecast of product demand and its ability to sell the product(s) concerned. Demand for its products can fluctuate significantly. Factors that could affect demand for its products include unanticipated changes in consumer preferences, general market conditions or other factors, which may result in cancellations of advance orders or a reduction in the rate of reorders placed by customers. Additionally, its management’s estimates of future product demand may be inaccurate, which could result in an understated or overstated provision required for excess and obsolete inventory.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives of our property, plant, and equipment range from three to ten years. Capitalized costs associated with leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life of the asset or the remaining life of the lease. Depreciation is generally included in selling, general and administrative expense. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.

Management assesses the carrying value of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If there is indication of impairment, management prepares an estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized to write down the asset to its estimated fair value.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs incurred by us for product shipments are included in cost of goods sold.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company periodically issue stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. It accounts for such grants issued and vesting to employees based on ASC 718, whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period.

The Company estimates the fair value of share-based payment awards at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. Share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and therefore is reduced by expected forfeitures.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of its assets and liabilities based on the exchange price in U.S. dollars that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy with three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, to measure fair value:

● Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 — Inputs, other than Level 1, that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as cash, accounts receivable, inventories, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate the related fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s convertible notes payable approximate their fair value based on the interest rate of the notes.

Concentrations

Gross sales. For the year ended July 31, 2024, one individual customer accounted for 20% of the Company’s net product sales. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of its net product sales. The geographic breakdown of net product sales was as follows: 100% U.S. For the year ended July 31, 2023, one individual customer accounted for 24% of the Company’s net product sales. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of its net product sales. The geographic breakdown of net product sales was as follows: 100% U.S

Accounts receivable. As of July 31, 2024, the Company had accounts receivable from two customers that comprised 12% and 13% of total accounts receivable, respectively. As of July 31, 2023, the Company had accounts receivable from two customers that comprised 28% and 17% of total accounts receivable, respectively.

Purchases. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024 and 2023 one vendor accounted for 19% of the Company’s purchases, respectively.

Accounts payable. As of July 31, 2024, no vendors accounted for10% or more of the total trade accounts payable. As of July 31, 2023, one vendor accounted for 29% of the total trade accounts payable.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the amounts at which they are carried in the financial statements based upon the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company’s diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because it incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of July 31, 2024 and 2023, stock options, shares issuable upon the conversion of debt, and shares issuable under restricted stock unit awards of 29,666,450 and 14,220,381, respectively, have been excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding.

Segments

The Company operates in one segment for the manufacture and distribution of our products. In accordance with the “Segment Reporting” Topic of the ASC, its chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer and President, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. Existing guidance, which is based on a management approach to segment reporting, establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products and services, major customers, and the countries in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. All material operating units qualify for aggregation under “Segment Reporting” due to their similar customer base and similarities in: economic characteristics; nature of products and services; and procurement, manufacturing and distribution processes. Since the Company operates in one segment, all financial information required by “Segment Reporting” can be found in the accompanying financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments or ASC 326. The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets, including accounts and notes receivable. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model, under which companies will recognize allowances based on expected rather than incurred losses. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. As small business filer, the standard became effective for us as of August 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, Liabilities-Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations, or ASU 2022-04. The ASU requires buyers to disclose information about their supplier finance programs. Interim and annual requirements include the disclosure of outstanding amounts under the obligations as of the end of the reporting period, and annual requirements include a roll-forward of those obligations for the annual reporting period, as well as a description of payment and other key terms of the programs. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the requirement to disclose roll-forward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company adopted ASU 2022-04 on August 1, 2023, and there was no material impact on its financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure, or ASC 280, which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense categories that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included in each reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss. The update also requires all annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets to be provided in interim periods and for entities with a single reportable segment to provide all the disclosures required by ASC 280, including the significant segment expense disclosures. This standard will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2025, with early adoption permitted. The updates required by this standard should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.