0001493152-19-009128.txt : 20190613 0001493152-19-009128.hdr.sgml : 20190613 20190613161615 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001493152-19-009128 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 45 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20190430 FILED AS OF DATE: 20190613 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20190613 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001006028 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICAL PRODUCTS [2890] IRS NUMBER: 330530289 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 0731 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-14468 FILM NUMBER: 19896279 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1725 GILLESPIE WAY CITY: EL CAJON STATE: CA ZIP: 92020 BUSINESS PHONE: 619-596-8600 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1725 GILLESPIE WAY CITY: EL CAJON STATE: CA ZIP: 92020 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PURE BIOSCIENCE DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20031029 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PURE BIOSCIENCES DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20031029 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: INNOVATIVE MEDICAL SERVICES DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19960122 10-Q 1 form10-q.htm

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

 

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED APRIL 30, 2019

 

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Commission File Number 001-14468

 

 

 

PURE Bioscience, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   33-0530289
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Identification No.)

 

1725 Gillespie Way

El Cajon, California

  92020
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (619) 596-8600

 

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer   [  ]   Accelerated filer   [  ]
             
Non-accelerated filer   [  ]   Smaller reporting company   [X]
             
Emerging growth company   [  ]        

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

 

As of June 13, 2019, there were 75,096,128 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

 

 

 

 

 

 

PURE Bioscience, Inc.

 

Form 10-Q

for the Quarterly Period Ended April 30, 2019

 

Table of Contents

 

    Page
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION  
Item 1. Financial Statements 3
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 17
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 24
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 25
     
PART II OTHER INFORMATION  
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 26
Item 1A. Risk Factors 26
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 27
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 27
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 27
Item 5. Other Information 27
Item 6. Exhibits 28
  Signatures 30

 

2

 

 

Part I - Financial Information

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

 

PURE Bioscience, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

   April 30, 2019   July 31, 2018 
   (Unaudited)     
Assets          
Current assets          
Cash and cash equivalents  $340,000   $851,000 
Accounts receivable   134,000    275,000 
Inventories, net   195,000    197,000 
Restricted cash   75,000    75,000 
Prepaid expenses   28,000    58,000 
Total current assets   772,000    1,456,000 
Property, plant and equipment, net   388,000    461,000 
Patents, net   550,000    658,000 
Total assets  $1,710,000   $2,575,000 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity          
Current liabilities          
Accounts payable  $386,000   $608,000 
Accrued liabilities   137,000    170,000 
Promissory note payable       503,000 
Total current liabilities   523,000    1,281,000 
Deferred rent   7,000    13,000 
Total liabilities   530,000    1,294,000 
Commitments and contingencies          
Stockholders’ equity          
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding        
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized, 74,113,371 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2019, and 68,248,158 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2018   741,000    683,000 
Additional paid-in capital   123,098,000    117,522,000 
Accumulated deficit   (122,659,000)   (116,924,000)
Total stockholders’ equity   1,180,000    1,281,000 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity  $1,710,000   $2,575,000 

 

See accompanying notes.

 

3

 

 

PURE Bioscience, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

 

   Nine Months Ended   Three months Ended 
   April 30,   April 30, 
   2019   2018   2019   2018 
Net product sales  $1,296,000   $1,265,000   $312,000   $390,000 
Operating costs and expenses                    
Cost of goods sold   480,000    473,000    117,000    166,000 
Selling, general and administrative   2,997,000    4,102,000    886,000    1,239,000 
Research and development   249,000    381,000    85,000    117,000 
Share-based compensation   2,337,000    1,975,000    136,000    579,000 
Total operating costs and expenses   6,063,000    6,931,000    1,224,000    2,101,000 
Loss from operations   (4,767,000)   (5,666,000)   (912,000)   (1,711,000)
Other income (expense)                    
Inducement to exercise warrants   (960,000)   (876,000)   (960,000)    
Change in derivative liabilities       459,000         
Interest expense, net   (5,000)   (3,000)   (1,000)   (1,000)
Other income (expense), net   (3,000)   28,000        20,000 
Total other income (expense)   (968,000)   (392,000)   (961,000)   19,000 
Net loss  $(5,735,000)  $(6,058,000)  $(1,873,000)  $(1,692,000)
Basic and diluted net loss per share  $(0.08)  $(0.09)  $(0.03)  $(0.02)
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share   72,058,840    66,996,085    73,601,012    68,057,658 

 

See accompanying notes.

 

4

 

 

PURE Bioscience, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

 

   Nine Months Ended April 30, 2019   Nine Months Ended April 30, 2018 
   Common Stock   Additional
Paid-In
   Accumulated   Total
Stockholders’
   Common Stock   Additional Paid-In   Accumulated   Total Stockholders’ 
   Shares   Amount   Capital   Deficit   Equity   Shares   Amount   Capital   Deficit   Equity 
Balances at beginning of period   68,248,158   $683,000   $117,522,000   $(116,924,000)  $1,281,000    63,093,153   $631,000   $110,141,000   $(109,482,000)  $1,290,000 
Issuance of common stock in private placements, net   3,333,964    33,000    1,464,000        1,497,000                     
Share-based compensation expense - stock options           1,330,000        1,330,000            1,280,000        1,280,000 
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units           1,007,000        1,007,000            696,000        696,000 
Stock issued for services                       50,000    1,000    50,000        51,000 
Warrant liability removed due to warrant exercise and cancellation                               1,394,000        1,394,000 
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units   131,250    1,000    (1,000)           18,750                 
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants   2,399,999    24,000    816,000        840,000    4,914,505    49,000    2,584,000        2,633,000 
Warrant inducement             960,000        960,000            876,000        876,000 
Net loss               (5,735,000)   (5,735,000)               (6,058,000)   (6,058,000)
Balances at end of period (Unaudited)   74,113,371   $741,000   $123,098,000   $(122,659,000)  $1,180,000    68,076,408   $681,000   $117,021,000   $(115,540,000)  $2,162,000 

 

   Three Months Ended April 30, 2019   Three Months Ended April 30, 2018 
   Common Stock   Additional
Paid-In
   Accumulated   Total
Stockholders’
   Common Stock   Additional Paid-In   Accumulated   Total Stockholders’ 
   Shares   Amount   Capital   Deficit   Equity   Shares   Amount   Capital   Deficit   Equity 
Balances at beginning of period (Unaudited)   71,713,372   $717,000   $121,186,000   $(120,786,000)  $1,117,000    68,057,658   $681,000   $116,441,000   $(113,848,000)  $3,274,000 
Share-based compensation expense - stock options           83,000        83,000            429,000        429,000 
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units           53,000        53,000            151,000        151,000 
Stock issued for services                       18,750                 
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants   2,399,999    24,000    816,000        840,000                     
Warrant inducement             960,000        960,000                     
Net loss               (1,873,000)   (1,873,000)               (1,692,000)   (1,692,000)
Balances at end of period (Unaudited)   74,113,371   $741,000   $123,098,000   $(122,659,000)  $1,180,000    68,076,408   $681,000   $117,021,000   $(115,540,000)  $2,162,000 

 

See accompanying notes.

 

5

 

 

PURE Bioscience, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

 

   Nine Months Ended 
   April 30, 
   2019   2018 
Operating activities          
Net loss  $(5,735,000)  $(6,058,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:          
Share-based compensation   2,337,000    1,975,000 
Amortization of stock issued for services   31,000    115,000 
Depreciation and amortization   191,000    213,000 
Interest expense on promissory note   1,000     
Change in fair value of derivative liability       (459,000)
Inducement to exercise warrants   960,000    876,000 
Gain on inventory recovery       (19,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:          
Accounts receivable   141,000    105,000 
Inventories   2,000    17,000 
Prepaid expenses   (1,000)   60,000 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   (255,000)   (52,000)
Deferred rent   (6,000)   4,000 
Net cash used in operating activities   (2,334,000)   (3,223,000)
Investing activities          
Investment in patents   (4,000)   (12,000)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment   (6,000)   (19,000)
Net cash used in investing activities   (10,000)   (31,000)
Financing activities          
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock   993,000     
Net proceeds from the exercise of warrants   840,000    2,632,000 
Net cash provided by financing activities   1,833,000    2,632,000 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash   (511,000)   (622,000)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period   926,000    1,715,000 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period  $415,000   $1,093,000 
           
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets          
Cash and cash equivalents  $340,000   $1,018,000 
Restricted cash  $75,000   $75,000 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash  $415,000   $1,093,000 
           
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities          
Warrant liabilities removed due to settlements  $   $1,394,000 
Common stock issued for prepaid services  $   $51,000 
Conversion of promissory note and accrued interest from a related party to common stock  $504,000   $ 

 

See accompanying notes.

 

6

 

 

PURE Bioscience, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

 

1. Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of PURE Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, ETI H2O Inc., a Nevada corporation. ETI H2O, Inc. currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETI H2O, Inc. during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. All references to “PURE,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to PURE Bioscience, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary.

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10/Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other quarters or the year ending July 31, 2019. The July 31, 2018 balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more complete information, these unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2018 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K covering such period filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on October 25, 2018.

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

2. Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty

 

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we will continue as a going concern. The factors below raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of April 30, 2019, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $122,659,000.

 

We do not have, and may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to fund our operations. As of April 30, 2019, we had $340,000 in cash and cash equivalents, and $523,000 of current liabilities. As of April 30, 2019, we have no long-term debt. We do not currently believe that our existing cash resources are sufficient to meet our anticipated needs over the next twelve months from the date hereof.

 

Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.

 

Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether.

 

7

 

 

We do not have any unused credit facilities or other sources of capital available to us at this time. We intend to secure additional working capital through sales of additional debt or equity securities. Our intended financing initiatives are subject to risk, and we cannot provide any assurance about the availability or terms of these or any future financings.

 

The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to recoverability or classification of recorded assets and classification of recorded liabilities.

 

3. Significant Accounting Policies

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Effective August 1, 2018, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process:

 

  1. Identify the contract with the customer
  2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract
  3. Determine the transaction price
  4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
  5. Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied

 

Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

 

Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE® Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control® as a direct food contact processing aid.

 

Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price.

 

Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products.

 

Our direct customer and distributer sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns.

 

8

 

 

Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales.

 

We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

 

Variable Consideration

 

We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.

 

Practical Expedient

 

We elected a practical expedient to expense sales commissions when the commissions are incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded as Selling, general and administrative expense on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

Net Loss Per Share

 

Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units, and the exercise of warrants, none of which are included in the computation of basic net loss per common share, was 10,496,565  and 12,932,189 respectively.

 

Comprehensive Loss

 

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, our comprehensive loss consisted only of net loss.

 

Inventory

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.

 

Inventories consist of the following:

 

   April 30, 2019 
(Unaudited)
   July 31, 2018 
Raw materials  $37,000   $39,000 
Finished goods   158,000    158,000 
   $195,000   $197,000 

 

During November 2017, we wrote-off $26,000 of inventory destroyed in a third-party warehouse fire. During the three months ended April 30, 2018, we received $45,000 from an insurance claim for the replacement cost of the inventory destroyed in the fire. As a result, we recorded a gain of $19,000 reflected in the other income section of our condensed consolidated statements of operations. 

 

9

 

 

Share-Based Compensation

 

We recognize stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and other stock-based awards in accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based compensation. The cost of a share-based award is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

 

  Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
     
  Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
     
  Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

 

In connection with the October and November 2015 Private Placements, we issued warrants with derivative features. These instruments were accounted for as derivative liabilities.

 

We used Level 3 inputs for the valuation methodology of the derivative liabilities. The estimated fair values were computed using a Monte Carlo option pricing model based on various assumptions. Our derivative liabilities were adjusted to reflect estimated fair value at each period end, with any decrease or increase in the estimated fair value being recorded in other income or expense accordingly, as adjustments to the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Various factors are considered in the pricing models we use to value the warrants, including the Company’s current stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, the volatility of the Company’s stock price, and the risk free interest rate.

 

10

 

 

4. Derivative Liabilities

 

During October and November of 2015 we closed two private placement financings (the “2015 Private Placement Financing”) and issued 20,376,219 warrants. We accounted for warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives. The applicable accounting guidance sets forth a two-step model to be applied in determining whether a financial instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock, which would qualify such financial instruments for a scope exception. This scope exception specifies that a contract that would otherwise meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument would not be considered as such if the contract is both (i) indexed to the entity’s own stock and (ii) classified in the stockholders’ equity section of the entity’s balance sheet. We determined the warrants were ineligible for equity classification due to anti-dilution provisions set forth therein.

 

On September 25, 2017, we completed the first closing of a tender offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As a result, 1,599,135 warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised. In addition, there was a net exercise on 118,057 warrants which resulted in the issuance of 63,811 shares of our common stock. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities on September 25, 2017 was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended October 31, 2017. In addition, the fair value on the exercise date was returned to additional paid in capital.

 

On October 10, 2017, we completed a second and final closing of a tender offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As a result, 268,909 warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities on October 10, 2017 was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended October 31, 2017. In addition, the fair value on the exercise date was returned to additional paid in capital.

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, all outstanding warrants containing derivative features issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised.

 

The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities for the nine months ended April 30, 2018, was a decrease of $459,000, which was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of April 30, 2019, there were no warrants classified as derivatives outstanding.

 

5. Promissory Note Payable

 

On June 28, 2018, we raised $500,000 to support our continued operations by issuing a one-year promissory note to Tom Y. Lee, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors and our largest stockholder. The note accrued interest at 6.5% per annum, compounded annually. On August 16, 2018, $500,000 of principal and approximately $4,000 of accrued interest was canceled and converted into 1,120,633 shares of common stock (See Note 6 to these condensed consolidated financial statements).

 

6. Stockholders’ Equity

 

Preferred Stock

 

As of April 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, in one or more series. As of April 30, 2019 and July 31, 2018, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

 

Common Stock

 

As of April 30, 2019, 100,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share are authorized for issuance.

 

Private Placement Financing

 

On August 16, 2018, we completed a closing (the “Closing”) of a private placement financing to accredited investors. We raised approximately $1.5 million in the Closing and issued an aggregate of 3,333,964 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, including the conversion of approximately $0.5 million held in the form of a promissory note as of July 31, 2018. The shares issued in the private placement financing were issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered into with the investors. Mr. Tom Y. Lee, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors invested approximately $1.0 million through his affiliates, including approximately $0.5 million of cash and the cancellation of existing indebtedness in the amount of approximately $0.5 million that was held in the form of a promissory note payable as of July 31, 2018.

 

The net proceeds to us from the Closing (including the cancellation of indebtedness), after deducting fees and other offering expenses, are approximately $1.5 million. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including our research and development efforts, and for general administrative expenses and working capital.

 

The issuance and sale of the shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them.

 

On February 19, 2019, we entered into warrants amendments (each a “Warrant Amendment”, and together, the “Warrant Amendments”) with three holders of warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock issued in August 2014 (the “2014 Warrants”). The Warrant Amendments provided (i) for a reduction in the exercise price from $0.75 to $0.35 and (ii) that 2014 Warrants would expire unless otherwise exercised on the date of the Warrant Amendments. In connection with the execution of the Warrant Amendments, on February 19, 2019, the holders exercised the 2014 Warrants to purchase 2,399,999 shares of common stock for an aggregate exercise price of $840,000.

 

Tom Lee, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, and beneficial holder of a 2014 Warrant to purchase 2,133,333 shares of Common Stock, entered into a Warrant Amendment and exercised his 2014 Warrant for an aggregate exercise price of $746,666. Additionally, Dale Okuno, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, and beneficial holder of a 2014 Warrant to purchase 213,333 shares of Common Stock, entered into a Warrant Amendment and exercised his 2014 Warrant for an aggregate exercise price of $74,666.

 

Due to the reduction in exercise price for the 2014 Warrants issued in connection with the Warrant Amendment, we determined it was appropriate to record $960,000 of expense in the 2019 condensed consolidated statement of operations for the inducement to exercise the 2014 Warrants.

 

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Schedule TO and Warrant Exercises

 

On October 10, 2017, we closed the offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock (the “Tender Offer”). Specifically, we filed a Schedule TO with the SEC on August 25, 2017 offering to (i) reduce the exercise price of the warrants to purchase 4,104,980 shares of common stock issued to investors participating in our private placement financing completed on August 29, 2014, as amended (the “2014 Warrants”) from $0.75 per share to $0.60 per share of common stock in cash, (ii) reduce the exercise price of outstanding warrants to purchase 1,986,101 shares of common stock issued to investors participating in our private placement financing completed on November 23, 2015 (the “2015 Warrants”) from $0.45 per share to $0.40 per share of common stock in cash, (iii) reduce the exercise price of the outstanding warrants to purchase 1,572,941 shares of common stock issued to investors participating in our private placement financing completed on January 23, 2017 (the “2017 Warrants”, together with the 2014 Warrants and 2015 Warrants, the “Original Warrants”) from $1.25 per share to $0.85 per share of common stock in cash, (iv) shorten the exercise period of the Original Warrants so that they expired concurrently with the expiration of the Offer to Amend and Exercise at 5:00 p.m. (Pacific Time) on September 25, 2017 (“Expiration Date”) unless extended until the Subsequent Expiration Date (as defined below), (v) delete the cashless exercise provisions in the Original Warrants and (vi) delete the price-based anti-dilution provisions contained in the 2015 Warrants.

 

Additionally, we requested the holders of a majority of the shares issuable upon exercise of the 2014 Warrants (the “2014 Requisite Majority”), 2015 Warrants (the “2015 Requisite Majority”) and 2017 Warrants (the “2017 Requisite Majority”) to approve an amendment of all of the outstanding 2014 Warrants, 2015 Warrants and 2017 Warrants, respectively, to amend such Original Warrants in the same manner as set forth above (the “Aggregate Warrant Amendment”), except the Expiration Date would be extended until October 10, 2017 (the “Subsequent Expiration Date”) if such Aggregate Warrant Amendment was approved with respect to such class of Original Warrants. The 2015 Requisite Majority approved an amendment of all of the outstanding 2015 Warrants and holders of 2015 Warrants had until the Subsequent Expiration Date to exercise their 2015 Warrants (the “Subsequent Offer Period”).

 

The Offer to Amend and Exercise with respect to the 2014 Warrants and 2017 Warrants expired on the Expiration Date of September 25, 2017. As of September 25, 2017, 1,491,649 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of 2014 Warrants, 1,599,135 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of 2015 Warrants and 1,396,470 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of 2017 Warrants, for aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $2,720,000. During the Subsequent Offer Period, 2015 Warrants to purchase 268,909 shares of common stock were exercised for aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $107,000. 2014 Warrants to purchase 2,533,331 shares of common stock and 2017 Warrants to purchase 176,471 shares of common stock at exercise prices of $0.75 per share and $1.25 per share, respectively, continue to remain outstanding and no 2015 Warrants remain outstanding.

 

Original Warrants (including 2015 Warrants exercised during the Subsequent Offer Period) to purchase an aggregate of 4,756,163 shares of common stock were tendered and exercised in the Offer to Amend and Exercise for aggregate net proceeds to us of approximately $2,632,000. Garden State Securities Inc. assisted the Company as warrant solicitation agents with respect to the 2017 Warrants.

 

Due to the reduction in exercise price for the Original Warrants issued in connection with the Schedule TO, we determined it was appropriate to record $876,000 of expense in the 2018 condensed consolidated statement of operations for the inducement to exercise the Original Warrants.

 

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Additional Warrant Exercise

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, there was a net exercise on 573,057 warrants which resulted in the issuance of 158,342 shares of our common stock. As these warrants were net exercised, as permitted under the respective warrant agreement, we did not receive any cash proceeds. 198,057 of the warrants exercised during the period were issued in connection with the Original Warrants discussed above.

 

Other Activity

 

During the three months ended October 31, 2017, we entered into a two-year service agreement for business development services. In accordance with the agreement we issued 50,000 shares of common stock, with a value of $51,000. The value was capitalized to prepaid expense and is being amortized over the term of the agreement. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019, we recognized $6,000 and $19,000 of expense related to these services, respectively. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2018, we recognized $6,000 and $15,000 of expense related to these services, respectively.

 

On April 13, 2016, we entered into a two-year service agreement for general financial advisory services. In accordance with the agreement we issued 250,000 shares of common stock, with a value of $290,000. The value was capitalized to prepaid expense and was being amortized over the term of the agreement. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2018, we recognized $28,000 and $100,000 of expense related to these services, respectively.

 

7. Share-Based Compensation

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 725,000 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to officers and consultants. The RSUs vest over a two year period and carry a ten year term. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock, issuable at the time the RSU subsequently settles, as set forth in the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. In addition, during the nine months ended April 30, 2019, 131,250 RSUs were canceled.

 

On October 4, 2018, the Board of Directors appointed Tom Myers as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. In connection with Mr. Myer’s appointment, the Board agreed to grant him 500,000 RSUs upon the achievement by the Company of cash flow breakeven for a fiscal quarter, after which such RSUs shall vest annually over the following three years. Based on the applicable guidance, we determined that these RSUs are not deemed to be granted and therefore there are no accounting implications as of April 30, 2019.

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 300,000 RSUs to newly appointed members of our board of directors. The RSUs vest over a two year period and carry a ten year term. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock, issuable at the time the RSU subsequently settles, as set forth in the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. In addition, during the nine months ended April 30, 2018, we issued 375,000 RSUs to third-party consultants, of which 300,000 are performance based. We currently do not expect the 300,000 RSUs to vest.

 

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Of the 756,250 unvested RSUs outstanding, we currently expect 456,250 to vest. As of April 30, 2019, there was $262,000 of unrecognized non-cash compensation cost related to RSUs we expect to vest, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.87 years. During the nine months ended April 30, 2019, 1,362,500 RSUs vested based on service conditions. Of the 2,362,500 RSUs outstanding as of April 30, 2019, 1,606,250 RSUs are vested and the underlying common stock has not been delivered and remains outstanding, as set forth in the RSU agreements.

 

For the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $53,000 and $151,000, respectively.

 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2019 share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $1,007,000, of which $489,000 was due to the accelerated vesting of RSU’s held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board. Mr. Pfanzelter retired from our Board in August 2018. For the nine months ended April 30, 2018 share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $696,000.

 

Stock Option Plans

 

2007 Equity Incentive Plan

 

In February 2016, we amended and restated our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, the (“2007 Plan”), to, among other changes, increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the 2007 Plan by 4,000,000 shares and extend the term of the 2007 Plan until February 4, 2026. The 2007 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a 10-year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of April 30, 2019, there were approximately 1,143,000 shares available for issuance under the 2007 Plan.

 

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Our shareholders approved our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) in January 2018, which has a share reserve of 5,000,000 shares of common stock that were registered under a Form S-8 filed with the SEC in February 2018. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a 10-year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of April 30, 2019, there were approximately 1,971,000 shares available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.

 

During the three months ended April 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 200,000 stock options to a newly appointed member of our board of directors. The options vest over a two year period and carry a ten year term. In addition, during the nine months ended April 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 100,000 stock options to a consultant supporting our business development activities. The options vest monthly over a two year period and carry a five year term.

 

A summary of our stock option activity is as follows:

 

   Shares   Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
Outstanding at July 31, 2018   7,626,093   $1.09   $ 
Granted   300,000   $0.52     
Exercised      $     
Cancelled   (253,125)  $1.28     
Outstanding at April 30, 2019   7,672,968   $1.07   $3,000 

 

The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding at April 30, 2019 was 4.92 years.

 

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At April 30, 2019, options to purchase 6,602,135 shares of common stock were exercisable. These options had a weighted-average exercise price of $1.10 and a weighted average remaining contractual term of 4.67 years. The weighted average grant date fair value for options granted during the nine months ended April 30, 2019 was $0.30. The total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants as of April 30, 2019 was approximately $387,000 and the weighted average period over which these grants are expected to vest is 2.0 years.

 

For the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, share-based compensation expense for stock options was $83,000 and $226,000, respectively.

 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2019 share-based compensation expense for stock options was $1,330,000, of which $739,000 was due the accelerated vesting of stock options held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board. Mr. Pfanzelter retired from our Board in August 2018. For the nine months ended April 30, 2018 share-based compensation expense for stock options was $1,076,000.

 

We use the Black-Scholes valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock options. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The fair value of stock options was estimated at the grant date using the following weighted average assumptions:

 

  

Three

Months Ended April 30, 2019

  

Three

Months Ended April 30, 2018

  

Nine

Months Ended April 30, 2019

  

Nine

Months Ended April 30, 2018

 
Volatility   82.24%   66.33%   75.67%   70.16%
Risk-free interest rate   2.55%   2.34%   2.63%   2.26%
Dividend yield   %   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%
Expected life   5.68 years    2.93 years    4.80 years    3.41 years 

 

Volatility is the measure by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of an option. Volatility is derived from the historical daily change in the market price of our common stock, as we believe that historical volatility is the best indicator of future volatility.

 

The risk-free interest rates used in the Black-Scholes calculations are based on the prevailing U.S. Treasury yield as determined by the U.S. Federal Reserve.

 

We have never paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we have assumed no dividend yield for purposes of estimating the fair value of our share-based compensation.

 

The expected life of options was estimated using the average between the contractual term and the vesting term of the options.

 

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8. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued Topic 606, which supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including most industry-specific guidance. The standard requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The new standard was originally effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with no early application permitted. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which deferred by one year the effective date for all entities, with application permitted as of the original effective date. The standard allows for either a full retrospective or modified retrospective method of adoption. We adopted the new standard for the fiscal year beginning August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application method. Under this method, entities recognize the cumulative impact of applying the new standard at the date of adoption without restatement of prior periods presented. The cumulative effect of applying the new standard to contracts that were not completed as of August 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

The new standard also requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. See “Note 3. Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion. Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“Topic 605”). While results for reporting periods beginning after August 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, all prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect during these prior periods. The accounting policies for revenue recognition for periods prior to August 1, 2018 are described in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2018. Adoption of this ASC did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Refer to the revenue recognition disclosure above.

 

In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a two-part Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance will have no impact on our financial statements as all derivative liabilities were all exercised or expired as of July 31, 2018.

 

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The standard clarifies the presentation of restricted cash and cash equivalents and requires companies to include restricted cash and cash equivalents in the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The standard also requires additional disclosures to describe the amount and detail of the restriction by balance sheet line item. The new standard was effective for us on August 1, 2018. We adopted this standard using the retrospective transition method by restating the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to include restricted cash of $75,000 in the beginning and ending cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balance. Net cash flows for the nine months ended April 30, 2018, did not change as a result of including restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts presented on the statements of cash flows.

 

In December 2017, the United States (“U.S.”) enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Act”), which changes existing U.S. tax law and includes various provisions that are expected to affect public companies. The 2017 Act (i) changes U.S. corporate tax rates, (ii) generally reduces a company’s ability to utilize accumulated net operating losses, and (iii) requires the calculation of a one-time transition tax on certain previously unrepatriated foreign earnings and profits (“E&P”). The 2017 Act will also impact estimates of a company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities. On December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017”). This new law did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2018 because we maintain a valuation allowance on the entirety of our deferred tax assets. However, the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% resulted in a remeasurement of our deferred tax assets.

 

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides clarity and guidance around which changes to the terms or conditions of a stock-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The new standard was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our financial statements.

 

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which aligns the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payment to non-employees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. Under the new guidance, the measurement period for equity-classified non-employee awards will be fixed at the grant date. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those periods and early adoption is permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2018-07 during the nine months ended April 30, 2019. The adoption of this guidance had no material impact on our financial statements.

 

9. Subsequent Events

 

On May 9, 2019, we completed a closing (the “Closing”) of a private placement financing to accredited investors. We raised net proceeds of $285,000 in the Closing and issued an aggregate of 982,757 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.29 per share. The Shares issued in the private placement financing were issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered into with Dale Okuno and Ivan Chen, each of whom are accredited investors. Mr. Okuno and Mr. Chen, members of the Company’s Board of Directors invested $250,000 and $35,000, respectively, in the Private Placement Financing.

 

The net proceeds to us from the Closing, after deducting fees and other offering expenses, are expected to be approximately $284,000. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including our research and development efforts, and for general administrative expenses and working capital.

 

The issuance and sale of the shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them.

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations  

 

All references in this Item 2 and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report to “PURE,” “we”, “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to PURE Bioscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and our wholly owned subsidiary, ETI H2O, Inc., a Nevada corporation. ETI H2O, Inc. currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETI H2O, Inc. during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

 

The discussion in this section contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “would” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, but their absence does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which could cause our actual results to differ from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. Several risks and uncertainties we face are discussed in more detail under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report or in the discussion and analysis below. You should, however, understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risks and uncertainties and you should not consider the risks and uncertainties identified by us to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties that could materially affect us. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements we make herein because some or all of them may turn out to be wrong. We undertake no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events and developments, except as required by law. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

Overview

 

We are focused on developing and commercializing proprietary antimicrobial products that provide safe and cost-effective solutions to the health and environmental challenges of pathogen and hygienic control. Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. As a platform technology, we believe SDC is distinguished from existing products in the marketplace because of its superior efficacy, reduced toxicity, non-causticity, and the inability of bacteria to form a resistance to it.

 

Our SDC-based technology platform has potential application in a number of industries. Our near-term focus is on offering products that address food safety risks across the food industry supply chain. In 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that foodborne illnesses affect more than 48 million people annually in the U.S., causing 128,000 hospitalizations and 3,000 fatalities. The CDC estimated that more than 9 million of these foodborne illnesses were attributed to major pathogens. The CDC reported that contaminated produce was responsible for approximately 46% of the foodborne illnesses caused by pathogens and 23% of the foodborne illness-related deaths in the US between 1998 and 2008. Among the top pathogens contributing to foodborne illness in the U.S. are Norovirus, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli and Listeria. Salmonella is the leading cause of hospitalization, followed by Norovirus, and is the leading cause of deaths related to foodborne illness.

 

Based on these statistics, we believe there is a significant market opportunity for our safe, non-toxic and effective SDC-based solutions. We currently offer PURE® Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors, and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid. We received the required FDA approvals to market PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for raw poultry and fresh produce in December 2015 and January 2016, respectively. Because additional USDA approval was not required, we began marketing PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for fresh produce following our receipt of FDA approval in January 2016.

 

In July 2016, we received a “No Objection Letter” from the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) granting approval for SDC-based PURE Control to be used as a spray or dip applied to poultry carcasses, parts and organs in pre-OLR (on-line reprocessing) and post chill processing of fresh poultry. In January 2017, we submitted an additional FCN to the FDA to allow use of higher SDC concentrations in poultry processing, allowing the flexibility to adjust to varying plant and processing conditions. In May 2017, we received a Final Letter from the FDA for this FCN as well as a “No Objection Letter” from the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) granting approval for the higher concentrations of SDC-based PURE Control to be used as a spray or dip applied to poultry carcasses, parts and organs in pre-OLR (on-line reprocessing) and post chill processing of fresh poultry. We are currently focused on completing in-plant validation trials for PURE Control in pre- and post OLR poultry processing applications, which represents approximately 65 to 75% of the total processing aid market for poultry processing. We are also conducting in-plant trials to optimize the application of PURE Control in OLR to attempt to gain USDA approval for use in this stage of poultry processing.

 

Subject to the results of our focused in-plant validation efforts for our approved produce and poultry solutions, we intend to seek approval to utilize PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for raw meats, including beef and pork. In addition to our direct sales efforts with PURE Hard Surface and PURE Control, we market and sell our SDC-based products indirectly through third-party distributors.

 

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Business Strategy

 

Our goal is to become a sustainable company by commercializing the SDC-based products we have developed with our proprietary technology platform. We are focused on delivering leading antimicrobial products that address food safety risks across the food industry supply chain. Key aspects of our business strategy include:

 

  Expanding sales and distribution for our products into the food industry with a focus on a dual track of food safety market opportunities:

 

  Hard Surface Disinfectant - commercializing our current EPA registered PURE Hard Surface disinfectant and sanitizer for use in foodservice operations, food manufacturing and food transportation.
     
  Direct Food Contact - commercializing FDA approved PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for fresh produce; commercializing FDA approved PURE Control as a food processing and intervention aid for food processors treating raw poultry in pre and post OLR applications. We also intend to continue our on-going in plant trials to optimize the application of PURE Control in OLR to attempt to gain USDA approval for use in this stage of poultry processing. Additionally, subject to the results of our focused in-plant validation efforts for our approved produce and poultry solutions, we intend to seek approval to utilize PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for raw meats, including beef and pork.

 

  Establishing strategic alliances to maximize the commercial potential of our technology platform;
     
  Developing additional proprietary products and applications; and
     
  Protecting and enhancing our intellectual property.

 

In addition to our current products addressing food safety, we intend to leverage our technology platform through licensing and distribution collaborations in order to develop new products and enter into new markets that could potentially generate multiple sources of revenue.

 

Liquidity & Going Concern Update

 

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we will continue as a going concern. The factors below raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of April 30, 2019, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $122,659,000.

 

We do not have, and may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to fund our operations. As of April 30, 2019, we had $340,000 in cash and cash equivalents, and $523,000 of current liabilities. As of April 30, 2019, we have no long-term debt. We do not currently believe that our existing cash resources are sufficient to meet our anticipated needs over the next twelve months from the date hereof.

 

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Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.

 

Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether.

 

We do not have any unused credit facilities or other sources of capital available to us at this time. We intend to secure additional working capital through sales of additional debt or equity securities. Our intended financing initiatives are subject to risk, and we cannot provide any assurance about the availability or terms of these or any future financings.

 

If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, it will have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. It could cause us to fail to execute our business plan, fail to take advantage of future opportunities, or fail to respond to competitive pressures or customer requirements. It also may require us to significantly modify our business model and operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level, which may include delaying, scaling back or eliminating some or all of our ongoing and planned investments in corporate infrastructure, research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development initiatives, and sales and marketing activities, among other investments. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to reduce or cease operations altogether.

 

Financial Overview

 

This financial overview provides a general description of our revenue and expenses.

 

Revenue

 

We contract manufacture and sell SDC-based products for end use, and as a raw material for manufacturing use. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Any amounts received prior to satisfying revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue.

 

Cost of Goods Sold

 

Cost of goods sold for product sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture products, including materials consumed, manufacturing overhead, shipping costs, salaries, benefits, reserved inventory, and related expenses of operations. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.

 

Selling, General and Administrative

 

Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel in business development, sales, finance, accounting, information technology, and executive functions. Other selling, general and administrative costs include product marketing, advertising, and trade show costs, as well as public relations and investor relations, facility costs, and legal, accounting and other professional fees.

 

Research and Development

 

Our research and development activities are focused on leveraging our technology platform to develop additional proprietary products and applications. Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel and related costs, product registration expenses, and third-party testing. We expense research and development costs as incurred.

 

Other Income (Expense)

 

We record interest income, interest expense, the change in derivative liabilities, as well as other non-operating transactions, as other income (expense) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Fluctuations in Operating Results

 

Our results of operations have fluctuated significantly from period to period in the past and are likely to continue to do so in the future. We anticipate that our results of operations will be affected for the foreseeable future by several factors that may contribute to these periodic fluctuations, including the demand for our products, the timing and amount of our product sales, and the progress and timing of expenditures related to sales and marketing, as well as product development. Due to these fluctuations, we believe that the period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a reliable indication of our future performance.

 

Comparison of the Three Months Ended April 30, 2019 and 2018

 

Net Product Sales

 

Net product sales were $312,000 and $390,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $78,000 was attributable to decreased food safety and legacy customer sales.

 

For the three months ended April 30, 2019, two individual customers accounted for 13% and 12% of our net product sales. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales.

 

For the three months ended April 30, 2018, three individual customers each accounted for 11%, of our net product sales. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales.

 

Cost of Goods Sold

 

Cost of goods sold was $117,000 and $166,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $49,000 was primarily attributable to decreased product sales.

 

Gross margin as a percentage of net product sales, or gross margin percentage, was 63% and 57% for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in gross margin percentage was primarily attributable to the sale of higher margin formulations and packaging configurations of our products during the quarter ended April 30, 2019, as compared with the prior period.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

 

Selling, general and administrative expense was $886,000 and $1,239,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $353,000 was primarily attributable to decreased personnel costs, as well as, decreased business development expenses, board of director’s expense, marketing and legal fees.

 

Research and Development Expense

 

Research and development expense was $85,000 and $117,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $32,000 was primarily attributable to reduced spending on research supporting our FDA approvals.

 

Share-Based Compensation

 

Share-based compensation expense was $136,000 and $579,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $443,000 is primarily due to the prior year vesting of stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees, directors and consultants supporting our selling, general and administrative, and research and development functions.

 

Inducement to Exercise Warrants

 

Inducement expense was $960,000 and zero for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the three months ended April 30, 2019, we amended outstanding warrants held by investors participating in our 2014 private placement financings. In accordance with the terms of the amendment the strike price for the warrants was reduced. As a result, we recorded a one-time inducement expense of $960,000 during the three months ended April 30, 2019.

 

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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended April 30, 2019 and 2018

 

Net Product Sales

 

Net product sales were $1,296,000 and $1,265,000 for the nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase of $31,000 was entirely attributable to increased food safety sales partially offset by fluctuations within our existing legacy customer base.

 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2019, two individual customers accounted for 12% and 11% of our net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales.

 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2018, three individual customers accounted for 29%, 11% and 10%, of our net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales.

 

Cost of Goods Sold

 

Cost of goods sold was $480,000 and $473,000 for the nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase of $7,000 was primarily attributable to increased current year net product sales.

 

Gross margin as a percentage of net product sales, or gross margin percentage, remained relatively unchanged at 63% for the nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

 

Selling, general and administrative expense was $2,997,000 and $4,102,000 for the nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $1,105,000 was primarily attributable to decreased personnel costs, as well as, decreased business development expenses, board of director’s expense, marketing and legal fees.

 

Research and Development Expense

 

Research and development expense was $249,000 and $381,000 for the nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $132,000 was primarily attributable to reduced personnel costs and reductions in third-party testing and research supporting our FDA approval efforts.

 

Share-Based Compensation

 

Share-based compensation expense was $2,337,000 and $1,975,000 for the nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase of $362,000 is primarily due to the accelerated vesting of stock options and restricted stock units held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board. Mr. Pfanzelter retired from our Board in August 2018 (See Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).

 

Change in Derivative Liability

 

The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities for the nine months ended April 30, 2018, was a decrease of $459,000. The overall decrease in the derivative liability was due to updates to the assumptions used in the fair value pricing model for warrants at the date the warrants were settled. During the nine months ended April 30, 2019, there were no warrants classified as derivatives outstanding, therefore there was no income or loss activity.

 

Inducement to Exercise Warrants

 

Inducement expense for the nine months ended April 30, 2019 was $960,000. During the nine months ended April 30, 2019, we amended outstanding warrants held by investors participating in our 2014 private placement financings. In accordance with the terms of the amendment the strike price for the warrants was reduced. As a result, we recorded a inducement expense of $960,000 during the nine months ended April 30, 2019.

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, we completed a tender offer to amend outstanding warrants held by the investors participating in our 2014, 2015 and 2017 private placement financings. In accordance with the terms of the tender offer the strike price for all three series of warrants was reduced. As a result, we recorded inducement expense of $876,000 during the nine months ended April 30, 2018.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we will continue as a going concern. The factors below raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of April 30, 2019 we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $122,659,000.

 

We do not have, and may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to fund our operations. As of April 30, 2019, we had $340,000 in cash and cash equivalents compared with $851,000 in cash and cash equivalents as of July 31, 2018. The net decrease in cash and cash equivalents was primarily attributable to funds used to run our operations offset by funds received from the August 2018 private placement financing, as well as, funds received from the exercise of warrants. Additionally, as of April 30, 2019, we had $523,000 of current liabilities, compared with $1,281,000 of current liabilities as of July 31, 2018. The net decrease in current liabilities was primarily due to the removal of the promissory note payable and the timing of accounts payable (See Notes 5 and 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). Subsequent to April 30, 2019, we raised net proceeds of $285,000 in a private placement financing and issued an aggregate of 982,757 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.29 per share (See Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). We do not currently believe that our existing cash resources are sufficient to meet our anticipated needs over the next twelve months from the date hereof. As of the date hereof we believe we have sufficient cash resources to fund our operations through July 2019.

 

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In addition, from time to time we have entered into employment agreements with our executives that, under certain cases, provide for the continuation of salary and certain other benefits if these executives are terminated under specified circumstances. These agreements generally expire upon termination for cause or when we have met our obligations under these agreements. As of April 30, 2019, no events have occurred resulting in the obligation of any such payments.

 

Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.

 

Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether.

 

We do not have any unused credit facilities or other sources of capital available to us at this time. We intend to secure additional working capital through sales of additional debt or equity securities. Our intended financing initiatives are subject to risk, and we cannot provide any assurance about the availability or terms of these or any future financings.

 

If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, it will have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. It could cause us to fail to execute our business plan, fail to take advantage of future opportunities, or fail to respond to competitive pressures or customer requirements. It also may require us to significantly modify our business model and operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level, which may include delaying, scaling back or eliminating some or all of our ongoing and planned investments in corporate infrastructure, research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development initiatives, and sales and marketing activities, among other investments. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to reduce or cease operations altogether.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

In addition, the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we will continue as a going concern. Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether. Our financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to recoverability or classification of recorded assets and classification of recorded liabilities.

 

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We believe the following accounting policies and estimates are critical to aid you in understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Effective August 1, 2018, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process:

 

  1. Identify the contract with the customer
  2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract
  3. Determine the transaction price
  4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
  5. Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied

 

Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

 

Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid.

 

Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price.

 

Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products.

 

Our direct customer and distributer sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns.

 

Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales.

 

We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

 

Variable Consideration

 

We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.

 

Practical Expedient

 

We elected a practical expedient to expense sales commissions when the commissions are incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded as Selling, general and administrative expense on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

Share-Based Compensation

 

We recognize stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and other stock-based awards in accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based compensation. The cost of a share-based award is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results.

 

For purposes of testing impairment, we group our long-lived assets at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows independent of other asset groups. Currently, there is only one level of aggregation for our intangible assets. We assess the impairment of long-lived assets, consisting of property, plant, and equipment and our patent portfolio, whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Examples of such events or circumstances include:

 

  an asset group’s ability to continue to generate income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods;

 

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  loss of legal ownership or title to the asset(s);
     
  significant changes in our strategic business objectives and utilization of the asset(s); and
     
  the impact of significant negative industry or economic trends.

 

Additionally, on a quarterly basis we review the significant assumptions underlying our impairment assessment to determine whether our previous conclusions remain valid.

 

Recoverability of assets to be held and used in operations is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. The factors used to evaluate the future net cash flows, while reasonable, require a high degree of judgment and the results could vary if the actual results are materially different than the forecasts. In addition, we base useful lives and amortization or depreciation expense on our subjective estimate of the period that the assets will generate revenue or otherwise be used by us. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less selling costs.

 

We also periodically review the lives assigned to our intangible assets to ensure that our initial estimates do not exceed any revised estimated periods from which we expect to realize cash flows from the assets. If a change were to occur in any of the above-mentioned factors or estimates, the likelihood of a material change in our reported results would increase.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements.

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and as provided in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.

 

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

 

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on the foregoing evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

In connection with the evaluation required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d), our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, concluded that there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the three months ended April 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

 

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PART II – Other Information

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

 

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. The impact and outcome of litigation, if any, is subject to inherent uncertainties, and any adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that could harm our business. We are not currently aware of any such legal proceedings or claims to which we or our wholly owned subsidiary is a party or of which any of our property is subject that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

In evaluating us and our common stock, we urge you to carefully consider the risks and other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the risk factor included below, as well as the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2018, which we filed with the SEC on October 25, 2018 (the “Form 10-K”). Other than the risk factor included below, the risks and uncertainties described in “Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K have not materially changed. Any of the risks discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the risk factor included below, or any of the risks disclosed in “Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K, as well as additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or prospects.

 

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

 

As a result of our historical lack of financial liquidity, we do not currently have sufficient working capital to fund our planned operations and may not be able to continue as a going concern.

 

We have a history of recurring losses, and as of April 30, 2019, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of approximately $123 million. As of April 30, 2019, we had $340,000 in cash and cash equivalents and $523,000 of current liabilities. During the nine months ended April 30, 2019, our cash outflows for operating activities and for investments in patents and fixed assets were $2.34 million. As a result, our existing cash resources are not sufficient to meet our anticipated needs over the next twelve months from the date hereof, and we will need to raise additional capital to continue our operations and to implement our business plan, which capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. To help extend our operating window, we have reduced our headcount and limited our research and product development activities. Based on our current plans and available resources as of the date hereof, we believe we can maintain our current operations through the end of July 2019. We estimate that the costs to wind-down our operations in an orderly manner will cost approximately $500,000. As a result, we need to secure significant additional capital to continue to fund our operations beyond July 2019.

 

Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, among others:

 

  the market acceptance of, and demand for, our products;
     
  the timing and costs of executing our sales and marketing strategies;
     
  our ability to successfully complete the in-plant validation trials requested by potential customers and our ability to convert these trials into customer orders for our products;
     
  the costs and time required to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals for our products, including the required USDA approval for use of PURE Control in OLR processing of raw poultry;
     
  the extent to which we invest in new testing and product development, including in-plant optimization trials;

 

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  the extent to which our customers continue to place product orders as expected and expand their existing use of our products;
     
  the cost and time to satisfy unique customer requirements regarding validation trials or to support the value proposition and benefits of our products;
     
  the timing of vendor payments and the collection of receivables, among other factors affecting our working capital;
     
  our ability to control the timing and amount of our operating expenses, including the costs to attract and retain personnel with the skills required to implement our business plan; and
     
  the costs to file, prosecute and defend our intellectual property rights.

 

The above factors, along with our history and near term forecast of incurring net losses and negative operating cash flows, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we do not obtain additional capital from external sources, we will not have sufficient working capital to fund our planned operations or be able to continue as a going concern. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, we can obtain financing on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether.

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 

None.

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

 

None.

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

 

Not Applicable.

 

Item 5. Other Information

 

None.

 

27

 

 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

The following Exhibits are filed as part of this report pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K:

 

3.1   Certificate of Incorporation of PURE Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on October 29, 2012)
     
3.1.1   Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of PURE Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1.1 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on October 29, 2012)
     
3.2   Bylaws of PURE Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on October 29, 2012)
     
3.2.1   Amendment to the Bylaws of PURE Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on October 29, 2012)
     
3.2.2   Amendment to the Bylaws of PURE Bioscience, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 1, 2019)

 

28

 

 

 

10.1   Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2019
     
31.1 *   Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
31.2 *   Certification of Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
32.1 *   Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
32.2 *   Certification of Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
101 *   The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended April 30, 2019, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at April 30, 2019 and July 31, 2018; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018; Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018; and (iv) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

* Filed herewith.

 

29

 

 

Signatures

 

Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

  PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC.
     
Date: June 13, 2019 By: /s/ HENRY R. LAMBERT
   

Henry R. Lambert, Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

     
Date: June 13, 2019 By: /s/ MARK S. ELLIOTT
    Mark S. Elliott, Vice President, Finance
    (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

30

 

 

EX-31.1 2 ex31-1.htm

 

Exhibit 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

I, Henry R. Lambert, Chief Executive Officer of PURE Bioscience, Inc., certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of PURE Bioscience, Inc.;
   
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
   
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
   
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     
  b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     
  c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     
  d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     
  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: June 13, 2019 By: /s/ HENRY R. LAMBERT
    Henry R. Lambert
    Chief Executive Officer
    (Principal Executive Officer)

 

 

 

 

EX-31.2 3 ex31-2.htm

 

Exhibit 31.2

 

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

I, Mark S. Elliott, Vice President, Finance and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of PURE Bioscience, Inc., certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of PURE Bioscience, Inc.;
   
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
   
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
   
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
     
  b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
     
  c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
     
  d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
     
  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: June 13, 2019 By: /s/ MARK S. ELLIOTT
    Mark S. Elliott
    Vice President, Finance
    (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

 

 

 

EX-32.1 4 ex32-1.htm

 

Exhibit 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Pure Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

 

  (i) the accompanying report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended April 30, 2019, to which this Certificate is attached (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and
     
  (ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: June 13, 2019 By: /s/ Henry R. Lambert
   

Henry R. Lambert

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and will be retained by Pure Bioscience, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 

This certification has not been, and shall not be deemed, “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Pure Bioscience, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

 

 

 

 

EX-32.2 5 ex32-2.htm

 

Exhibit 32.2

 

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Pure Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

 

  (i) the accompanying report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended April 30, 2019, to which this Certificate is attached (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and
     
  (ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: June 13, 2019 By: /s/ Mark S. Elliott
   

Mark S. Elliott

Vice President, Finance

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and will be retained by Pure Bioscience, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 

This certification has not been, and shall not be deemed, “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Pure Bioscience, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

 

 

 

 

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This scope exception specifies that a contract that would otherwise meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument would not be considered as such if the contract is both (i) indexed to the entity&#8217;s own stock and (ii) classified in the stockholders&#8217; equity section of the entity&#8217;s balance sheet. We determined the warrants were ineligible for equity classification due to anti-dilution provisions set forth therein.</p> <p style="font: 10pt/normal Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 10pt/normal Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">On September 25, 2017, we completed the first closing of a tender offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As a result, 1,599,135 warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised. In addition, there was a net exercise on 118,057 warrants which resulted in the issuance of 63,811 shares of our common stock. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities on September 25, 2017 was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended October 31, 2017. In addition, the fair value on the exercise date was returned to additional paid in capital.</p> <p style="font: 10pt/normal Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p> <p style="font: 10pt/normal Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">On October 10, 2017, we completed a second and final closing of a tender offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As a result, 268,909 warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities on October 10, 2017 was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended October 31, 2017. 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Amortization of stock issued for services. Board of Directors [Member] Business Development Services [Member] Cancellation of Indebtedness amount. Common stock issued for prepaid services. Contractual life vesting periods. Conversion of promissory note and accrued interest from a related party to common stock. Dale Okuno [Member] Dave Pfanzelter [Member] Garden State Securities Inc [Member] General Financial Advisory Services [Member] Inducement to exercise warrants. Interest expense on promissory note. Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units. Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units, shares. Issuance of common stock in private placements, net. Issuance of common stock in private placements, net, shares. Mr. Tom Y. Lee [Member] Net exercise of warrants. Number of restricted stock cancelled. Number of restricted stock units vested. Number of shares not expected to vest. Options expirations term. Original Warrants [Member] Pfanzelter [Member] Promissory Note [Member] Restricted shares units vested amount. Restricted stock units vested and non-delivered underlying common stock. The number of shares expected to vest other than stock options. Third-Party Consultants [Member] Tom Myers [Member] 2007 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] 2015 Private Placement Financing [Member] 2015 Warrants [Member] 2015 Warrants [Member] 2014 Warrants [Member] 2017 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] 2017 Warrants [Member] Two Year Service Agreement [Member] Unvested restricted stock units outstanding. Warrant liabilities removed due to settlements. Warrant liability removed due to warrant exercise and cancellation. Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants. Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants, shares. Insurance claim received for inventory destroyed. Gain on inventory recovery. Number of warrants issued. Number of warrants exercise during the period. Mr. Okuno [Member] Mr. Chen [Member] TwoThousandFiveteenWarrantsMember Assets, Current Assets [Default Label] Liabilities, Current Liabilities Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent Liabilities and Equity Operating Expenses Operating Income (Loss) Interest Expense, Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) Shares, Outstanding Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Receivable Increase (Decrease) in Inventories Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Expense Increase (Decrease) in Deferred Liabilities Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities Payments to Acquire Intangible Assets Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Excluding Exchange Rate Effect Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Including Disposal Group and Discontinued Operations Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents Compensation Related Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block] GainOnInventoryRecovery Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expense Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value Restricted Cash EX-101.PRE 11 pure-20190430_pre.xml XBRL PRESENTATION FILE XML 12 R1.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Document and Entity Information - shares
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Jun. 13, 2019
Document And Entity Information    
Entity Registrant Name PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC.  
Entity Central Index Key 0001006028  
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Period End Date Apr. 30, 2019  
Amendment Flag false  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --07-31  
Entity Reporting Status Current Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business Flag true  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
Entity Ex Transition Period false  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   75,096,128
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q3  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2019  
XML 13 R2.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
Apr. 30, 2019
Jul. 31, 2018
Current assets    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 340,000 $ 851,000
Accounts receivable 134,000 275,000
Inventories, net 195,000 197,000
Restricted cash 75,000 75,000
Prepaid expenses 28,000 58,000
Total current assets 772,000 1,456,000
Property, plant and equipment, net 388,000 461,000
Patents, net 550,000 658,000
Total assets 1,710,000 2,575,000
Current liabilities    
Accounts payable 386,000 608,000
Accrued liabilities 137,000 170,000
Promissory note payable 503,000
Total current liabilities 523,000 1,281,000
Deferred rent 7,000 13,000
Total liabilities 530,000 1,294,000
Stockholders' equity    
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized, 74,113,371 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2019, and 68,248,158 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2018 741,000 683,000
Additional paid-in capital 123,098,000 117,522,000
Accumulated deficit (122,659,000) (116,924,000)
Total stockholders' equity 1,180,000 1,281,000
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 1,710,000 $ 2,575,000
XML 14 R3.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
Apr. 30, 2019
Jul. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Preferred stock, par value $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized 5,000,000 5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued
Preferred stock, shares outstanding
Common stock, par value $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized 100,000,000 100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued 74,113,371 68,248,158
Common stock, shares outstanding 74,113,371 68,248,158
XML 15 R4.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Income Statement [Abstract]        
Net product sales $ 312,000 $ 390,000 $ 1,296,000 $ 1,265,000
Operating costs and expenses        
Cost of goods sold 117,000 166,000 480,000 473,000
Selling, general and administrative 886,000 1,239,000 2,997,000 4,102,000
Research and development 85,000 117,000 249,000 381,000
Share-based compensation 136,000 579,000 2,337,000 1,975,000
Total operating costs and expenses 1,224,000 2,101,000 6,063,000 6,931,000
Loss from operations (912,000) (1,711,000) (4,767,000) (5,666,000)
Other income (expense)        
Inducement to exercise warrants (960,000) (960,000) (876,000)
Change in derivative liabilities 459,000
Interest expense, net (1,000) (1,000) (5,000) (3,000)
Other income (expense), net 20,000 (3,000) 28,000
Total other income (expense) (961,000) 19,000 (968,000) (392,000)
Net loss $ (1,873,000) $ (1,692,000) $ (5,735,000) $ (6,058,000)
Basic and diluted net loss per share $ (0.03) $ (0.02) $ (0.08) $ (0.09)
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share 73,601,012 68,057,658 72,058,840 66,996,085
XML 16 R5.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)
Common Stock [Member]
Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]
Accumulated Deficit [Member]
Total
Balance at Jul. 31, 2017 $ 631,000 $ 110,141,000 $ (109,482,000) $ 1,290,000
Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2017 63,093,153      
Issuance of common stock in private placements, net
Issuance of common stock in private placements, net, shares      
Share-based compensation expense - stock options 1,280,000 1,280,000
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units 696,000 696,000
Stock issued for services $ 1,000 50,000 51,000
Stock issued for services, shares 50,000      
Warrant liability removed due to warrant exercise and cancellation 1,394,000 1,394,000
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units, shares 18,750      
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants $ 49,000 2,584,000 2,633,000
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants, shares 4,914,505      
Warrant inducement 876,000 876,000
Net loss (6,058,000) (6,058,000)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2018 $ 681,000 117,021,000 (115,540,000) 2,162,000
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2018 68,076,408      
Balance at Jan. 31, 2018 $ 681,000 116,441,000 (113,848,000) 3,274,000
Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2018 68,057,658      
Share-based compensation expense - stock options 429,000 429,000
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units 151,000 151,000
Stock issued for services
Stock issued for services, shares 18,750      
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants, shares      
Warrant inducement
Net loss (1,692,000) (1,692,000)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2018 $ 681,000 117,021,000 (115,540,000) 2,162,000
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2018 68,076,408      
Balance at Jul. 31, 2018 $ 683,000 117,522,000 (116,924,000) 1,281,000
Balance, shares at Jul. 31, 2018 68,248,158      
Issuance of common stock in private placements, net $ 33,000 1,464,000 1,497,000
Issuance of common stock in private placements, net, shares 3,333,964      
Share-based compensation expense - stock options 1,330,000 1,330,000
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units 1,007,000 1,007,000
Stock issued for services
Stock issued for services, shares      
Warrant liability removed due to warrant exercise and cancellation
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units $ 1,000 (1,000)
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units, shares 131,250      
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants $ 24,000 816,000 840,000
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants, shares 2,399,999      
Warrant inducement 960,000 960,000
Net loss (5,735,000) (5,735,000)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2019 $ 741,000 123,098,000 (122,659,000) 1,180,000
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2019 74,113,371      
Balance at Jan. 31, 2019 $ 717,000 121,186,000 (120,786,000) 1,117,000
Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2019 71,713,372      
Share-based compensation expense - stock options 83,000 83,000
Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units 53,000 53,000
Stock issued for services
Stock issued for services, shares      
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants $ 24,000 816,000 840,000
Issuance of common stock upon the exercise of warrants, shares 2,399,999      
Warrant inducement 960,000 960,000
Net loss (1,873,000) (1,873,000)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2019 $ 741,000 $ 123,098,000 $ (122,659,000) $ 1,180,000
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2019 74,113,371      
XML 17 R6.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Operating activities        
Net loss $ (1,873,000) $ (1,692,000) $ (5,735,000) $ (6,058,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:        
Share-based compensation 136,000 579,000 2,337,000 1,975,000
Amortization of stock issued for services     31,000 115,000
Depreciation and amortization     191,000 213,000
Interest expense on promissory note     1,000
Change in fair value of derivative liability (459,000)
Inducement to exercise warrants 960,000 960,000 876,000
Gain on inventory recovery     (19,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        
Accounts receivable     141,000 105,000
Inventories     2,000 17,000
Prepaid expenses     (1,000) 60,000
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities     (255,000) (52,000)
Deferred rent     (6,000) 4,000
Net cash used in operating activities     (2,334,000) (3,223,000)
Investing activities        
Investment in patents     (4,000) (12,000)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment     (6,000) (19,000)
Net cash used in investing activities     (10,000) (31,000)
Financing activities        
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock     993,000
Net proceeds from the exercise of warrants     840,000 2,632,000
Net cash provided by financing activities     1,833,000 2,632,000
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash     (511,000) (622,000)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period     926,000 1,715,000
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period 415,000 1,093,000 415,000 1,093,000
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets        
Cash and cash equivalents 340,000 1,018,000 340,000 1,018,000
Restricted cash 75,000 75,000 75,000 75,000
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 415,000 $ 1,093,000 415,000 1,093,000
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities        
Warrant liabilities removed due to settlements     1,394,000
Common stock issued for prepaid services     51,000
Conversion of promissory note and accrued interest from a related party to common stock     $ 504,000
XML 18 R7.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Basis of Presentation
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

1. Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of PURE Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, ETI H2O Inc., a Nevada corporation. ETI H2O, Inc. currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETI H2O, Inc. during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. All references to “PURE,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to PURE Bioscience, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary.

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10/Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other quarters or the year ending July 31, 2019. The July 31, 2018 balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more complete information, these unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2018 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K covering such period filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on October 25, 2018.

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

XML 19 R8.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty

2. Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty

 

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we will continue as a going concern. The factors below raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary from the outcome of this uncertainty.

 

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of April 30, 2019, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $122,659,000.

 

We do not have, and may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to fund our operations. As of April 30, 2019, we had $340,000 in cash and cash equivalents, and $523,000 of current liabilities. As of April 30, 2019, we have no long-term debt. We do not currently believe that our existing cash resources are sufficient to meet our anticipated needs over the next twelve months from the date hereof.

 

Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.

 

Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether.

 

We do not have any unused credit facilities or other sources of capital available to us at this time. We intend to secure additional working capital through sales of additional debt or equity securities. Our intended financing initiatives are subject to risk, and we cannot provide any assurance about the availability or terms of these or any future financings.

 

The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to recoverability or classification of recorded assets and classification of recorded liabilities.

XML 20 R9.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies

3. Significant Accounting Policies

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Effective August 1, 2018, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process:

 

  1. Identify the contract with the customer
  2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract
  3. Determine the transaction price
  4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
  5. Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied

 

Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

 

Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE® Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control® as a direct food contact processing aid.

 

Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price.

 

Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products.

 

Our direct customer and distributer sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns.

 

Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales.

 

We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

 

Variable Consideration

 

We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.

 

Practical Expedient

 

We elected a practical expedient to expense sales commissions when the commissions are incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded as Selling, general and administrative expense on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

Net Loss Per Share

 

Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units, and the exercise of warrants, none of which are included in the computation of basic net loss per common share, was 10,496,565  and 12,932,189 respectively.

 

Comprehensive Loss

 

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, our comprehensive loss consisted only of net loss.

 

Inventory

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.

 

Inventories consist of the following:

 

    April 30, 2019 
(Unaudited)
    July 31, 2018  
Raw materials   $ 37,000     $ 39,000  
Finished goods     158,000       158,000  
    $ 195,000     $ 197,000  

 

During November 2017, we wrote-off $26,000 of inventory destroyed in a third-party warehouse fire. During the three months ended April 30, 2018, we received $45,000 from an insurance claim for the replacement cost of the inventory destroyed in the fire. As a result, we recorded a gain of $19,000 reflected in the other income section of our condensed consolidated statements of operations. 

 

Share-Based Compensation

 

We recognize stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and other stock-based awards in accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based compensation. The cost of a share-based award is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

 

  Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
     
  Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
     
  Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

 

In connection with the October and November 2015 Private Placements, we issued warrants with derivative features. These instruments were accounted for as derivative liabilities.

 

We used Level 3 inputs for the valuation methodology of the derivative liabilities. The estimated fair values were computed using a Monte Carlo option pricing model based on various assumptions. Our derivative liabilities were adjusted to reflect estimated fair value at each period end, with any decrease or increase in the estimated fair value being recorded in other income or expense accordingly, as adjustments to the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Various factors are considered in the pricing models we use to value the warrants, including the Company’s current stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, the volatility of the Company’s stock price, and the risk free interest rate.

XML 21 R10.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Derivative Liabilities
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Liabilities

4. Derivative Liabilities

 

During October and November of 2015 we closed two private placement financings (the “2015 Private Placement Financing”) and issued 20,376,219 warrants. We accounted for warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives. The applicable accounting guidance sets forth a two-step model to be applied in determining whether a financial instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock, which would qualify such financial instruments for a scope exception. This scope exception specifies that a contract that would otherwise meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument would not be considered as such if the contract is both (i) indexed to the entity’s own stock and (ii) classified in the stockholders’ equity section of the entity’s balance sheet. We determined the warrants were ineligible for equity classification due to anti-dilution provisions set forth therein.

 

On September 25, 2017, we completed the first closing of a tender offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As a result, 1,599,135 warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised. In addition, there was a net exercise on 118,057 warrants which resulted in the issuance of 63,811 shares of our common stock. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities on September 25, 2017 was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended October 31, 2017. In addition, the fair value on the exercise date was returned to additional paid in capital.

 

On October 10, 2017, we completed a second and final closing of a tender offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. As a result, 268,909 warrants issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities on October 10, 2017 was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended October 31, 2017. In addition, the fair value on the exercise date was returned to additional paid in capital.

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, all outstanding warrants containing derivative features issued in connection with the 2015 Private Placement Financing were exercised.

 

The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities for the nine months ended April 30, 2018, was a decrease of $459,000, which was recorded as a change in derivative liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of April 30, 2019, there were no warrants classified as derivatives outstanding.

XML 22 R11.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Promissory Note Payable
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Promissory Note Payable

5. Promissory Note Payable

 

On June 28, 2018, we raised $500,000 to support our continued operations by issuing a one-year promissory note to Tom Y. Lee, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors and our largest stockholder. The note accrued interest at 6.5% per annum, compounded annually. On August 16, 2018, $500,000 of principal and approximately $4,000 of accrued interest was canceled and converted into 1,120,633 shares of common stock (See Note 6 to these condensed consolidated financial statements).

XML 23 R12.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Stockholders' Equity
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Stockholders' equity  
Stockholders' Equity

6. Stockholders’ Equity

 

Preferred Stock

 

As of April 30, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, in one or more series. As of April 30, 2019 and July 31, 2018, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

 

Common Stock

 

As of April 30, 2019, 100,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share are authorized for issuance.

 

Private Placement Financing

 

On August 16, 2018, we completed a closing (the “Closing”) of a private placement financing to accredited investors. We raised approximately $1.5 million in the Closing and issued an aggregate of 3,333,964 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, including the conversion of approximately $0.5 million held in the form of a promissory note as of July 31, 2018. The shares issued in the private placement financing were issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered into with the investors. Mr. Tom Y. Lee, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors invested approximately $1.0 million through his affiliates, including approximately $0.5 million of cash and the cancellation of existing indebtedness in the amount of approximately $0.5 million that was held in the form of a promissory note payable as of July 31, 2018.

 

The net proceeds to us from the Closing (including the cancellation of indebtedness), after deducting fees and other offering expenses, are approximately $1.5 million. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including our research and development efforts, and for general administrative expenses and working capital.

 

The issuance and sale of the shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them.

 

On February 19, 2019, we entered into warrants amendments (each a “Warrant Amendment”, and together, the “Warrant Amendments”) with three holders of warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock issued in August 2014 (the “2014 Warrants”). The Warrant Amendments provided (i) for a reduction in the exercise price from $0.75 to $0.35 and (ii) that 2014 Warrants would expire unless otherwise exercised on the date of the Warrant Amendments. In connection with the execution of the Warrant Amendments, on February 19, 2019, the holders exercised the 2014 Warrants to purchase 2,399,999 shares of common stock for an aggregate exercise price of $840,000.

 

Tom Lee, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, and beneficial holder of a 2014 Warrant to purchase 2,133,333 shares of Common Stock, entered into a Warrant Amendment and exercised his 2014 Warrant for an aggregate exercise price of $746,666. Additionally, Dale Okuno, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, and beneficial holder of a 2014 Warrant to purchase 213,333 shares of Common Stock, entered into a Warrant Amendment and exercised his 2014 Warrant for an aggregate exercise price of $74,666.

 

Due to the reduction in exercise price for the 2014 Warrants issued in connection with the Warrant Amendment, we determined it was appropriate to record $960,000 of expense in the 2019 condensed consolidated statement of operations for the inducement to exercise the 2014 Warrants.

  

Schedule TO and Warrant Exercises

 

On October 10, 2017, we closed the offer to amend and exercise outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock (the “Tender Offer”). .. Specifically, we filed a Schedule TO with the SEC on August 25, 2017 offering to (i) reduce the exercise price of the warrants to purchase 4,104,980 shares of common stock issued to investors participating in our private placement financing completed on August 29, 2014, as amended (the “2014 Warrants”) from $0.75 per share to $0.60 per share of common stock in cash, (ii) reduce the exercise price of outstanding warrants to purchase 1,986,101 shares of common stock issued to investors participating in our private placement financing completed on November 23, 2015 (the “2015 Warrants”) from $0.45 per share to $0.40 per share of common stock in cash, (iii) reduce the exercise price of the outstanding warrants to purchase 1,572,941 shares of common stock issued to investors participating in our private placement financing completed on January 23, 2017 (the “2017 Warrants”, together with the 2014 Warrants and 2015 Warrants, the “Original Warrants”) from $1.25 per share to $0.85 per share of common stock in cash, (iv) shorten the exercise period of the Original Warrants so that they expired concurrently with the expiration of the Offer to Amend and Exercise at 5:00 p.m. (Pacific Time) on September 25, 2017 (“Expiration Date”) unless extended until the Subsequent Expiration Date (as defined below), (v) delete the cashless exercise provisions in the Original Warrants and (vi) delete the price-based anti-dilution provisions contained in the 2015 Warrants.

 

Additionally, we requested the holders of a majority of the shares issuable upon exercise of the 2014 Warrants (the “2014 Requisite Majority”), 2015 Warrants (the “2015 Requisite Majority”) and 2017 Warrants (the “2017 Requisite Majority”) to approve an amendment of all of the outstanding 2014 Warrants, 2015 Warrants and 2017 Warrants, respectively, to amend such Original Warrants in the same manner as set forth above (the “Aggregate Warrant Amendment”), except the Expiration Date would be extended until October 10, 2017 (the “Subsequent Expiration Date”) if such Aggregate Warrant Amendment was approved with respect to such class of Original Warrants. The 2015 Requisite Majority approved an amendment of all of the outstanding 2015 Warrants and holders of 2015 Warrants had until the Subsequent Expiration Date to exercise their 2015 Warrants (the “Subsequent Offer Period”).

 

The Offer to Amend and Exercise with respect to the 2014 Warrants and 2017 Warrants expired on the Expiration Date of September 25, 2017. As of September 25, 2017, 1,491,649 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of 2014 Warrants, 1,599,135 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of 2015 Warrants and 1,396,470 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of 2017 Warrants, for aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $2,720,000. During the Subsequent Offer Period, 2015 Warrants to purchase 268,909 shares of common stock were exercised for aggregate gross proceeds to us of approximately $107,000. 2014 Warrants to purchase 2,533,331 shares of common stock and 2017 Warrants to purchase 176,471 shares of common stock at exercise prices of $0.75 per share and $1.25 per share, respectively, continue to remain outstanding and no 2015 Warrants remain outstanding.

 

Original Warrants (including 2015 Warrants exercised during the Subsequent Offer Period) to purchase an aggregate of 4,756,163 shares of common stock were tendered and exercised in the Offer to Amend and Exercise for aggregate net proceeds to us of approximately $2,632,000. Garden State Securities Inc. assisted the Company as warrant solicitation agents with respect to the 2017 Warrants.

 

Due to the reduction in exercise price for the Original Warrants issued in connection with the Schedule TO, we determined it was appropriate to record $876,000 of expense in the 2018 condensed consolidated statement of operations for the inducement to exercise the Original Warrants.

  

Additional Warrant Exercise

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, there was a net exercise on 573,057 warrants which resulted in the issuance of 158,342 shares of our common stock. As these warrants were net exercised, as permitted under the respective warrant agreement, we did not receive any cash proceeds. 198,057 of the warrants exercised during the period were issued in connection with the Original Warrants discussed above.

 

Other Activity

 

During the three months ended October 31, 2017, we entered into a two-year service agreement for business development services. In accordance with the agreement we issued 50,000 shares of common stock, with a value of $51,000. The value was capitalized to prepaid expense and is being amortized over the term of the agreement. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019, we recognized $6,000 and $19,000 of expense related to these services, respectively. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2018, we recognized $6,000 and $15,000 of expense related to these services, respectively.

 

On April 13, 2016, we entered into a two-year service agreement for general financial advisory services. In accordance with the agreement we issued 250,000 shares of common stock, with a value of $290,000. The value was capitalized to prepaid expense and was being amortized over the term of the agreement. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2018, we recognized $28,000 and $100,000 of expense related to these services, respectively.

XML 24 R13.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Share-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation

7. Share-Based Compensation

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 725,000 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to officers and consultants. The RSUs vest over a two year period and carry a ten year term. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock, issuable at the time the RSU subsequently settles, as set forth in the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. In addition, during the nine months ended April 30, 2019, 131,250 RSUs were canceled.

 

On October 4, 2018, the Board of Directors appointed Tom Myers as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. In connection with Mr. Myer’s appointment, the Board agreed to grant him 500,000 RSUs upon the achievement by the Company of cash flow breakeven for a fiscal quarter, after which such RSUs shall vest annually over the following three years. Based on the applicable guidance, we determined that these RSUs are not deemed to be granted and therefore there are no accounting implications as of April 30, 2019.

 

During the nine months ended April 30, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 300,000 RSUs to newly appointed members of our board of directors. The RSUs vest over a two year period and carry a ten year term. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock, issuable at the time the RSU subsequently settles, as set forth in the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. In addition, during the nine months ended April 30, 2018, we issued 375,000 RSUs to third-party consultants, of which 300,000 are performance based. We currently do not expect the 300,000 RSUs to vest.

 

Of the 756,250 unvested RSUs outstanding, we currently expect 456,250 to vest. As of April 30, 2019, there was $262,000 of unrecognized non-cash compensation cost related to RSUs we expect to vest, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.87 years. During the nine months ended April 30, 2019, 1,362,500 RSUs vested based on service conditions. Of the 2,362,500 RSUs outstanding as of April 30, 2019, 1,606,250 RSUs are vested and the underlying common stock has not been delivered and remains outstanding, as set forth in the RSU agreements.

 

For the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $53,000 and $151,000, respectively.

 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2019 share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $1,007,000, of which $489,000 was due to the accelerated vesting of RSU’s held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board. Mr. Pfanzelter retired from our Board in August 2018. For the nine months ended April 30, 2018 share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $696,000.

 

Stock Option Plans

 

2007 Equity Incentive Plan

 

In February 2016, we amended and restated our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, the (“2007 Plan”), to, among other changes, increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the 2007 Plan by 4,000,000 shares and extend the term of the 2007 Plan until February 4, 2026. The 2007 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a 10-year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of April 30, 2019, there were approximately 1,143,000 shares available for issuance under the 2007 Plan.

 

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Our shareholders approved our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) in January 2018, which has a share reserve of 5,000,000 shares of common stock that were registered under a Form S-8 filed with the SEC in February 2018. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a 10-year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of April 30, 2019, there were approximately 1,971,000 shares available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.

 

During the three months ended April 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 200,000 stock options to a newly appointed member of our board of directors. The options vest over a two year period and carry a ten year term. In addition, during the nine months ended April 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 100,000 stock options to a consultant supporting our business development activities. The options vest monthly over a two year period and carry a five year term.

 

A summary of our stock option activity is as follows:

 

    Shares     Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
    Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
Outstanding at July 31, 2018     7,626,093     $ 1.09     $  
Granted     300,000     $ 0.52        
Exercised         $        
Cancelled     (253,125 )   $ 1.28        
Outstanding at April 30, 2019     7,672,968     $ 1.07     $ 3,000  

 

The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding at April 30, 2019 was 4.92 years.

  

At April 30, 2019, options to purchase 6,602,135 shares of common stock were exercisable. These options had a weighted-average exercise price of $1.10 and a weighted average remaining contractual term of 4.67 years. The weighted average grant date fair value for options granted during the nine months ended April 30, 2019 was $0.30. The total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants as of April 30, 2019 was approximately $387,000 and the weighted average period over which these grants are expected to vest is 2.0 years.

 

For the three months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, share-based compensation expense for stock options was $83,000 and $226,000, respectively.

 

For the nine months ended April 30, 2019 share-based compensation expense for stock options was $1,330,000, of which $739,000 was due the accelerated vesting of stock options held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board. Mr. Pfanzelter retired from our Board in August 2018. For the nine months ended April 30, 2018 share-based compensation expense for stock options was $1,076,000.

 

We use the Black-Scholes valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock options. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The fair value of stock options was estimated at the grant date using the following weighted average assumptions:

 

   

Three

Months Ended April 30, 2019

   

Three

Months Ended April 30, 2018

   

Nine

Months Ended April 30, 2019

   

Nine

Months Ended April 30, 2018

 
Volatility     82.24 %     66.33 %     75.67 %     70.16 %
Risk-free interest rate     2.55 %     2.34 %     2.63 %     2.26 %
Dividend yield     %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %
Expected life     5.68 years       2.93 years       4.80 years       3.41 years  

 

Volatility is the measure by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of an option. Volatility is derived from the historical daily change in the market price of our common stock, as we believe that historical volatility is the best indicator of future volatility.

 

The risk-free interest rates used in the Black-Scholes calculations are based on the prevailing U.S. Treasury yield as determined by the U.S. Federal Reserve.

 

We have never paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we have assumed no dividend yield for purposes of estimating the fair value of our share-based compensation.

 

The expected life of options was estimated using the average between the contractual term and the vesting term of the options.

XML 25 R14.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]  
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

8. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued Topic 606, which supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including most industry-specific guidance. The standard requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The new standard was originally effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with no early application permitted. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which deferred by one year the effective date for all entities, with application permitted as of the original effective date. The standard allows for either a full retrospective or modified retrospective method of adoption. We adopted the new standard for the fiscal year beginning August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application method. Under this method, entities recognize the cumulative impact of applying the new standard at the date of adoption without restatement of prior periods presented. The cumulative effect of applying the new standard to contracts that were not completed as of August 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

The new standard also requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. See “Note 3. Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion. Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“Topic 605”). While results for reporting periods beginning after August 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, all prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect during these prior periods. The accounting policies for revenue recognition for periods prior to August 1, 2018 are described in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2018. Adoption of this ASC did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Refer to the revenue recognition disclosure above.

 

In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a two-part Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance will have no impact on our financial statements as all derivative liabilities were all exercised or expired as of July 31, 2018.

 

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The standard clarifies the presentation of restricted cash and cash equivalents and requires companies to include restricted cash and cash equivalents in the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The standard also requires additional disclosures to describe the amount and detail of the restriction by balance sheet line item. The new standard was effective for us on August 1, 2018. We adopted this standard using the retrospective transition method by restating the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to include restricted cash of $75,000 in the beginning and ending cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balance. Net cash flows for the nine months ended April 30, 2018, did not change as a result of including restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts presented on the statements of cash flows.

 

In December 2017, the United States (“U.S.”) enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Act”), which changes existing U.S. tax law and includes various provisions that are expected to affect public companies. The 2017 Act (i) changes U.S. corporate tax rates, (ii) generally reduces a company’s ability to utilize accumulated net operating losses, and (iii) requires the calculation of a one-time transition tax on certain previously unrepatriated foreign earnings and profits (“E&P”). The 2017 Act will also impact estimates of a company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities. On December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017”). This new law did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2018 because we maintain a valuation allowance on the entirety of our deferred tax assets. However, the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% resulted in a remeasurement of our deferred tax assets.

 

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides clarity and guidance around which changes to the terms or conditions of a stock-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The new standard was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our financial statements.

 

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which aligns the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payment to non-employees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. Under the new guidance, the measurement period for equity-classified non-employee awards will be fixed at the grant date. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those periods and early adoption is permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2018-07 during the nine months ended April 30, 2019. The adoption of this guidance had no material impact on our financial statements.

XML 26 R15.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Subsequent Events
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent Events

9. Subsequent Events

 

On May 9, 2019, we completed a closing (the “Closing”) of a private placement financing to accredited investors. We raised net proceeds of $285,000 in the Closing and issued an aggregate of 982,757 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.29 per share. The Shares issued in the private placement financing were issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered into with Dale Okuno and Ivan Chen, each of whom are accredited investors. Mr. Okuno and Mr. Chen, members of the Company’s Board of Directors invested $250,000 and $35,000, respectively, in the Private Placement Financing.

 

The net proceeds to us from the Closing, after deducting fees and other offering expenses, are expected to be approximately $284,000. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including our research and development efforts, and for general administrative expenses and working capital.

 

The issuance and sale of the shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them.

XML 27 R16.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

Effective August 1, 2018, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process:

 

  1. Identify the contract with the customer
  2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract
  3. Determine the transaction price
  4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
  5. Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied

 

Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

 

Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE® Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control® as a direct food contact processing aid.

 

Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price.

 

Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products.

 

Our direct customer and distributer sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns.

 

Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales.

 

We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

 

Variable Consideration

 

We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.

 

Practical Expedient

 

We elected a practical expedient to expense sales commissions when the commissions are incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded as Selling, general and administrative expense on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

 

Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units, and the exercise of warrants, none of which are included in the computation of basic net loss per common share, was 10,496,565  and 12,932,189 respectively.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

 

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, including unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. For the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, our comprehensive loss consisted only of net loss.

Inventory

Inventory

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.

 

Inventories consist of the following:

 

    April 30, 2019 
(Unaudited)
    July 31, 2018  
Raw materials   $ 37,000     $ 39,000  
Finished goods     158,000       158,000  
    $ 195,000     $ 197,000  

 

During November 2017, we wrote-off $26,000 of inventory destroyed in a third-party warehouse fire. During the three months ended April 30, 2018, we received $45,000 from an insurance claim for the replacement cost of the inventory destroyed in the fire. As a result, we recorded a gain of $19,000 reflected in the other income section of our condensed consolidated statements of operations. 

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

 

We recognize stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and other stock-based awards in accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based compensation. The cost of a share-based award is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

 

  Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
     
  Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
     
  Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

 

In connection with the October and November 2015 Private Placements, we issued warrants with derivative features. These instruments were accounted for as derivative liabilities.

 

We used Level 3 inputs for the valuation methodology of the derivative liabilities. The estimated fair values were computed using a Monte Carlo option pricing model based on various assumptions. Our derivative liabilities were adjusted to reflect estimated fair value at each period end, with any decrease or increase in the estimated fair value being recorded in other income or expense accordingly, as adjustments to the fair value of the derivative liabilities. Various factors are considered in the pricing models we use to value the warrants, including the Company’s current stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, the volatility of the Company’s stock price, and the risk free interest rate.

XML 28 R17.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Schedule of Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

 

    April 30, 2019 
(Unaudited)
    July 31, 2018  
Raw materials   $ 37,000     $ 39,000  
Finished goods     158,000       158,000  
    $ 195,000     $ 197,000  

XML 29 R18.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock Option Activity

A summary of our stock option activity is as follows:

 

    Shares     Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
    Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
Outstanding at July 31, 2018     7,626,093     $ 1.09     $  
Granted     300,000     $ 0.52        
Exercised         $        
Cancelled     (253,125 )   $ 1.28        
Outstanding at April 30, 2019     7,672,968     $ 1.07     $ 3,000  

Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions

The fair value of stock options was estimated at the grant date using the following weighted average assumptions:

 

   

Three

Months Ended April 30, 2019

   

Three

Months Ended April 30, 2018

   

Nine

Months Ended April 30, 2019

   

Nine

Months Ended April 30, 2018

 
Volatility     82.24 %     66.33 %     75.67 %     70.16 %
Risk-free interest rate     2.55 %     2.34 %     2.63 %     2.26 %
Dividend yield     %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %
Expected life     5.68 years       2.93 years       4.80 years       3.41 years  

XML 30 R19.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
Apr. 30, 2019
Jul. 31, 2018
Apr. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Other Than Options, Expected to Vest      
Cumulative net loss $ 122,659,000 $ 116,924,000  
Cash and cash equivalents 340,000 851,000 $ 1,018,000
Current liabilities 523,000 $ 1,281,000  
Long-term debt    
XML 31 R20.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2017
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]          
Number of antidilutive shares       10,496,565 12,932,189
Inventory write-off $ 26,000     $ (19,000)
Insurance claim received for inventory destroyed     $ 45,000    
Gain on inventory recovery     19,000    
Impairment of long-lived assets  
XML 32 R21.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Inventories (Details) - USD ($)
Apr. 30, 2019
Jul. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]    
Raw materials $ 37,000 $ 39,000
Finished goods 158,000 158,000
Inventory, net $ 195,000 $ 197,000
XML 33 R22.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Derivative Liabilities (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 25, 2017
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Oct. 10, 2017
Nov. 30, 2015
Oct. 31, 2015
Issuance of share of common stock         158,342      
Change in fair value of warrant liability   $ 459,000      
2015 Private Placement Financing [Member]                
Number of warrants issued             20,376,219 20,376,219
Number of warrants to purchase common stock 1,599,135         268,909    
Number of warrants exercise during the period 118,057              
Issuance of share of common stock 63,811              
XML 34 R23.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Promissory Note Payable (Details Narrative) - Promissory Note [Member] - Mr. Tom Y. Lee [Member] - USD ($)
Aug. 16, 2018
Jun. 28, 2018
Proceeds from issuance of promissory note   $ 500,000
Debt instrument term   1 year
Debt instrument interest rate   6.50%
Principal amount $ 500,000  
Accrued interest $ 4,000  
Debt conversion converted into stock 1,120,633  
XML 35 R24.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Stockholders' Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Feb. 19, 2019
Aug. 16, 2018
Sep. 25, 2017
Apr. 13, 2016
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Oct. 31, 2017
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Jul. 31, 2018
Jan. 23, 2017
Nov. 23, 2015
Aug. 29, 2014
Preferred stock shares authorized         5,000,000     5,000,000   5,000,000      
Preferred stock shares par value         $ 0.01     $ 0.01   $ 0.01      
Preferred stock shares issued                    
Preferred stock shares outstanding                    
Common stock shares authorized         100,000,000     100,000,000   100,000,000      
Common stock shares par value         $ 0.01     $ 0.01   $ 0.01      
Number of common stock shares issued                 158,342        
Inducement to exercise warrants         $ 960,000   $ 960,000 $ 876,000        
Proceeds from issuance of common shares               993,000        
Proceeds from warrant exercise               840,000 2,632,000        
Value of shares issued for services           51,000        
Two Year Service Agreement [Member] | Business Development Services [Member]                          
Number of common shares issued for services             50,000            
Value of shares issued for services         $ 6,000 6,000 $ 51,000 $ 19,000 15,000        
Two Year Service Agreement [Member] | General Financial Advisory Services [Member]                          
Number of common shares issued for services       250,000                  
Value of shares issued for services       $ 290,000   $ 28,000     $ 100,000        
2014 Warrants [Member]                          
Number of common stock shares issued     1,491,649                    
Warrant exercise price per share         $ 0.75     $ 0.75          
Number of warrants to purchase common stock 2,399,999       2,533,331     2,533,331         4,104,980
Aggregate value of exercise price of warrants $ 840,000                        
Inducement to exercise warrants               $ 960,000          
2014 Warrants [Member] | Maximum [Member]                          
Price per shares                         $ 0.75
Warrant exercise price per share $ 0.75                        
2014 Warrants [Member] | Minimum [Member]                          
Price per shares                         $ 0.60
Warrant exercise price per share $ 0.35                        
2015 Warrants [Member]                          
Number of common stock shares issued     1,599,135                    
Number of warrants to purchase common stock                       1,986,101  
2015 Warrants [Member] | Maximum [Member]                          
Price per shares                       $ 0.45  
2015 Warrants [Member] | Minimum [Member]                          
Price per shares                       $ 0.40  
2017 Warrants [Member]                          
Number of common stock shares issued     1,396,470                    
Warrant exercise price per share         $ 1.25     $ 1.25          
Number of warrants to purchase common stock         176,471     176,471     1,572,941    
Proceeds from issuance of common shares     $ 2,720,000                    
2017 Warrants [Member] | Maximum [Member]                          
Price per shares                     $ 1.25    
2017 Warrants [Member] | Minimum [Member]                          
Price per shares                     $ 0.85    
Original Warrants [Member]                          
Warrant expiration date         Sep. 25, 2017     Sep. 25, 2017          
Net exercise of warrants           198,057     198,057        
2015 Warrants [Member]                          
Number of warrants to purchase common stock         268,909     268,909          
Proceeds from warrant exercise               $ 107,000          
2015 Warrants [Member] | Garden State Securities Inc [Member]                          
Number of warrants to purchase common stock         4,756,163     4,756,163          
Proceeds from warrant exercise               $ 2,632,000          
Warrant [Member]                          
Net exercise of warrants           573,057     573,057        
Mr. Tom Y. Lee [Member]                          
Investments amount   $ 1,000,000                      
Investment cash   500,000                      
Cancellation of indebtedness amount   500,000                      
Mr. Tom Y. Lee [Member] | 2014 Warrants [Member]                          
Number of warrants to purchase common stock 2,133,333                        
Aggregate value of exercise price of warrants $ 746,666                        
Dale Okuno [Member] | 2014 Warrants [Member]                          
Number of warrants to purchase common stock 213,333                        
Aggregate value of exercise price of warrants $ 74,666                        
Private Placement [Member]                          
Closing value of common stock shares   $ 1,500,000                      
Number of common stock shares issued   3,333,964                      
Price per shares   $ 0.45                      
Conversion amount                   $ 500,000      
Net proceeds from private placement financing   $ 1,500,000                      
XML 36 R25.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Share-Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Oct. 04, 2018
Feb. 29, 2016
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Jul. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Restricted stock units outstanding     74,113,371   74,113,371   68,248,158
Share-based compensation     $ 83,000 $ 226,000   $ 1,076,000  
Options issued to purchase common stock         6,602,135    
Options expirations term         4 years 11 months 1 day    
Weighted average exercise price     $ 1.10   $ 1.10    
Weighted average contractual term         4 years 8 months 2 days    
Weighted average grant date fair value for options granted         $ 0.30    
Weighted-average contractual term of expected to vest         2 years    
Dave Pfanzelter [Member]              
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Restricted shares units vested amount         $ 739,000    
Board of Directors [Member]              
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Options issued to purchase common stock     200,000   100,000    
Option vested description         The options vest monthly over a two year period and carry a five year term.    
2007 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]              
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Common stock shares increase under the plan   4,000,000          
Share-based compensation, expiration date   Feb. 04, 2026          
Contractual life vesting periods   10 years          
Number of shares available for issuance under the plan     1,143,000   1,143,000    
2017 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]              
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Share-based compensation         $ 1,330,000    
Contractual life vesting periods         10 years    
Number of shares available for issuance under the plan     1,971,000   1,971,000    
Common stock, shares reserved     5,000,000   5,000,000    
Unrecognized compensation cost of unvested stock option grants     $ 387,000   $ 387,000    
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member]              
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Number of restricted stock cancelled         131,250    
Number of shares not expected to vest           300,000  
Unvested restricted stock units outstanding       756,250   756,250  
Shares expected to vest           456,250  
Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs     $ 262,000   $ 262,000    
Unrecognized non-cash compensation costs, weighted average period         1 year 10 months 14 days    
Number of restricted stock units vested         1,362,500    
Restricted stock units outstanding     2,362,500   2,362,500    
RSUs vested and non-delivered underlying common stock     1,606,250   1,606,250    
Share-based compensation     $ 53,000 $ 151,000 $ 1,007,000 $ 696,000  
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member] | Board of Directors [Member]              
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Stock issued during period, shares, share-based compensation         725,000 300,000  
Share-based compensation, vesting period         2 years 2 years  
Share-based payment award, expiration period         10 years 10 years  
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member] | Tom Myers [Member]              
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Stock issued during period, shares, share-based compensation 500,000            
Share-based compensation, vesting period 3 years            
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member] | Third-Party Consultants [Member]              
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Stock issued during period, shares, share-based compensation           375,000  
Share-based compensation description           We issued 375,000 RSUs to third-party consultants, of which 300,000 are performance based. We currently do not expect the 300,000 RSUs to vest.  
Restricted Stock Units RSU [Member] | Mr. Pfanzelter [Member]              
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]              
Restricted shares units vested amount         $ 489,000    
XML 37 R26.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Share-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details)
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Options Outstanding Shares, Beginning Balance | shares 7,626,093
Options Granted, Shares | shares 300,000
Options Exercised, Shares | shares
Options Cancelled, Shares | shares (253,125)
Options Outstanding Shares, Ending Balance | shares 7,672,968
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Beginning Balance | $ / shares $ 1.09
Weighted Average Exercise Price Granted | $ / shares 0.52
Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercised | $ / shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price Cancelled | $ / shares 1.28
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Ending Balance | $ / shares $ 1.07
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding, Beginning Balance | $
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding, Ending Balance | $ $ 3,000
XML 38 R27.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Share-Based Compensation - Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions (Details)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]        
Volatility 82.24% 66.33% 75.67% 70.16%
Risk-free interest rate 2.55% 2.34% 2.63% 2.26%
Dividend yield 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Expected life 5 years 8 months 5 days 2 years 11 months 4 days 4 years 9 months 18 days 3 years 4 months 28 days
XML 39 R28.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details Narrative)
9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]  
Restricted cash $ 75,000
Income tax examination description The reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% resulted in a remeasurement of our deferred tax assets.
Federal corporate tax rate 21.00%
XML 40 R29.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.19.2
Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - USD ($)
9 Months Ended
May 09, 2019
Apr. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2018
Proceeds from issuance of common stock   $ 993,000
Number of shares issued     158,342
Subsequent Event [Member]      
Proceeds from issuance of common stock $ 285,000    
Number of shares issued 982,757    
Sale of stock price, per share $ 0.29    
Proceeds from private placement $ 284,000    
Subsequent Event [Member] | Mr. Okuno [Member]      
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 250,000    
Subsequent Event [Member] | Mr. Chen [Member]      
Proceeds from issuance of common stock $ 35,000    
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