Recent Accounting Pronouncements	6 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2019
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	8. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued Topic 606, which supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including most industry-specific guidance. The standard requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The new standard was originally effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with no early application permitted. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which deferred by one year the effective date for all entities, with application permitted as of the original effective date. The standard allows for either a full retrospective or modified retrospective method of adoption. We adopted the new standard for the fiscal year beginning August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application method. Under this method, entities recognize the cumulative impact of applying the new standard at the date of adoption without restatement of prior periods presented. The cumulative effect of applying the new standard to contracts that were not completed as of August 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The new standard also requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. See “Note 3. Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion. Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“Topic 605”). While results for reporting periods beginning after August 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, all prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect during these prior periods. The accounting policies for revenue recognition for periods prior to August 1, 2018 are described in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2018. Adoption of this ASC did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Refer to the revenue recognition disclosure above. In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a two-part Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance will have no impact on our financial statements as all derivative liabilities were all exercised or expired as of July 31, 2018. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The standard clarifies the presentation of restricted cash and cash equivalents and requires companies to include restricted cash and cash equivalents in the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The standard also requires additional disclosures to describe the amount and detail of the restriction by balance sheet line item. The new standard was effective for us on August 1, 2018. We adopted this standard using the retrospective transition method by restating the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to include restricted cash of $75,000 in the beginning and ending cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balance. Net cash flows for the six months ended January 31, 2018, did not change as a result of including restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts presented on the statements of cash flows. In December 2017, the United States (“U.S.”) enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Act”), which changes existing U.S. tax law and includes various provisions that are expected to affect public companies. The 2017 Act (i) changes U.S. corporate tax rates, (ii) generally reduces a company’s ability to utilize accumulated net operating losses, and (iii) requires the calculation of a one-time transition tax on certain previously unrepatriated foreign earnings and profits (“E&P”). The 2017 Act will also impact estimates of a company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities. On December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017”). This new law did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2018 because we maintain a valuation allowance on the entirety of our deferred tax assets. However, the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% resulted in a remeasurement of our deferred tax assets. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides clarity and guidance around which changes to the terms or conditions of a stock-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The new standard was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which aligns the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payment to non-employees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. Under the new guidance, the measurement period for equity-classified non-employee awards will be fixed at the grant date. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those periods and early adoption is permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2018-07 during the six months ended January 31, 2019. The adoption of this guidance had no material impact on our financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2019

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

8. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued Topic 606, which supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including most industry-specific guidance. The standard requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The new standard was originally effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with no early application permitted. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which deferred by one year the effective date for all entities, with application permitted as of the original effective date. The standard allows for either a full retrospective or modified retrospective method of adoption. We adopted the new standard for the fiscal year beginning August 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective application method. Under this method, entities recognize the cumulative impact of applying the new standard at the date of adoption without restatement of prior periods presented. The cumulative effect of applying the new standard to contracts that were not completed as of August 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The new standard also requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. See “Note 3. Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion. Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“Topic 605”). While results for reporting periods beginning after August 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, all prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect during these prior periods. The accounting policies for revenue recognition for periods prior to August 1, 2018 are described in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2018. Adoption of this ASC did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Refer to the revenue recognition disclosure above.

In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a two-part Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the Codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance will have no impact on our financial statements as all derivative liabilities were all exercised or expired as of July 31, 2018.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The standard clarifies the presentation of restricted cash and cash equivalents and requires companies to include restricted cash and cash equivalents in the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. The standard also requires additional disclosures to describe the amount and detail of the restriction by balance sheet line item. The new standard was effective for us on August 1, 2018. We adopted this standard using the retrospective transition method by restating the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to include restricted cash of $75,000 in the beginning and ending cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balance. Net cash flows for the six months ended January 31, 2018, did not change as a result of including restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts presented on the statements of cash flows.

In December 2017, the United States (“U.S.”) enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Act”), which changes existing U.S. tax law and includes various provisions that are expected to affect public companies. The 2017 Act (i) changes U.S. corporate tax rates, (ii) generally reduces a company’s ability to utilize accumulated net operating losses, and (iii) requires the calculation of a one-time transition tax on certain previously unrepatriated foreign earnings and profits (“E&P”). The 2017 Act will also impact estimates of a company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities. On December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017”). This new law did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2018 because we maintain a valuation allowance on the entirety of our deferred tax assets. However, the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% resulted in a remeasurement of our deferred tax assets.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides clarity and guidance around which changes to the terms or conditions of a stock-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The new standard was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which aligns the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payment to non-employees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. Under the new guidance, the measurement period for equity-classified non-employee awards will be fixed at the grant date. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those periods and early adoption is permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU No. 2018-07 during the six months ended January 31, 2019. The adoption of this guidance had no material impact on our financial statements.