-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, NkpkVeyTfomo0EQ2/uBy/lQnXxPBCw0RO16/lsVMlyyueKLVybtFWxVUiWWZsz2P 6Z+5j9fUwPmfB0pBPRdqPA== 0000928816-10-001360.txt : 20101124 0000928816-10-001360.hdr.sgml : 20101124 20101124124301 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000928816-10-001360 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: N-CSR PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 18 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20100930 FILED AS OF DATE: 20101124 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20101124 EFFECTIVENESS DATE: 20101124 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PUTNAM FUNDS TRUST CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001005942 IRS NUMBER: 043299786 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MA FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: N-CSR SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-07513 FILM NUMBER: 101214131 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST STREET 2: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172921010 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 0001005942 S000018606 PUTNAM MONEY MARKET LIQUIDITY FUND C000051609 CLASS A C000051610 CLASS I C000051611 CLASS S C000051612 CLASS R C000051613 CLASS P N-CSR 1 a_mmliquidity.htm PUTNAM FUNDS TRUST a_mmliquidity.htm
UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549 
 
FORM N-CSR 
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED 
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES 
Investment Company Act file number: (811-07513) 
Exact name of registrant as specified in charter: Putnam Funds Trust
Address of principal executive offices: One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109 
Name and address of agent for service:  Beth S. Mazor, Vice President 
  One Post Office Square 
  Boston, Massachusetts 02109 
Copy to:    John W. Gerstmayr, Esq. 
  Ropes & Gray LLP 
  800 Boylston Street 
  Boston, Massachusetts 02199-3600 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (617) 292-1000 
Date of fiscal year end: September 30, 2010     
Date of reporting period: October 1, 2009 — September 30, 2010 

 

Item 1. Report to Stockholders:
The following is a copy of the report transmitted to stockholders pursuant to Rule 30e-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940:






Putnam
Money Market
Liquidity Fund

Annual report
9 | 30 | 10

Message from the Trustees  1 

Performance snapshot  2 

Interview with your fund’s portfolio managers  3 

Your fund’s performance  8 

Your fund’s expenses  9 

Terms and definitions  11 

Trustee approval of management contract  12 

Other information for shareholders  16 

Financial statements  17 

Federal tax information  32 

Shareholder meeting results  33 

About the Trustees  34 

Officers  36 

 



Message from the Trustees

Dear Fellow Shareholder:

Even in the midst of a challenging economic recovery, bright spots are emerging. U.S. corporate balance sheets are strong, with companies delivering healthy profits and holding record amounts of cash.

If there is a lesson to be gleaned from recent events, it is the easily overlooked risk of investors missing out on market surges, which can come swiftly. For example, U.S. stocks recorded their best September in 71 years. In today’s ever-changing investment environment, where markets can move quickly in either direction, we believe Putnam’s risk-focused, active-management approach is well suited for pursuing opportunities for our shareholders.

In developments affecting oversight of your fund, Barbara M. Baumann has been elected to the Board of Trustees of the Putnam Funds, effective July 1, 2010. Ms. Baumann is president and owner of Cross Creek Energy Corporation of Denver, Colorado, a strategic consultant to domestic energy firms and direct investor in energy assets. We also want to thank Elizabeth T. Kennan, who has retired from the Board of Trustees, for her many years of dedicated and thoughtful leadership.

Lastly, we would like to take this opportunity to welcome new shareholders to the fund and to thank all of our investors for your continued confidence in Putnam.





Current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted past performance, which cannot guarantee future results. Investment return will fluctuate. Performance assumes reinvestment of distributions. For a portion of the periods, this fund had expense limitations, without which returns would have been lower. Class P shares do not bear an initial sales charge. To obtain the most recent month-end performance, visit putnam.com. The 7-day yield is one of the most important gauges for measuring money market mutual fund performance. Yield reflects current performance more closely than total return.

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Interview with your fund’s portfolio managers

Joanne Driscoll and Jonathan Topper

Financial markets have experienced a flight to quality since the spring of 2010. What contributed to the change in investor sentiment?

Joanne: By late March, concerns about the sovereign debt crisis in Europe and the potential slowdown in China’s growth began to weigh on investor confidence. Fearing that the debt crisis might spread beyond the European Union, stifle the fledgling recovery, and push the world economy into a double-dip recession, investors sold higher-risk securities in favor of safe-harbor investments. Consequently, securities perceived as risky or volatile lost ground to more defensive investments.

Investor nervousness sparked a big selloff in equities, making the second quarter of 2010 the worst for stocks since the final three months of 2008 when the global financial crisis destabilized markets. Bond funds and traditional safe havens, such as money market funds, benefited from the more cautious psychology. During the third quarter, U.S. and world markets did rebound, however.

How did Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund perform in this environment?

Jonathan: The fund performed in line with the current interest-rate environment. We have historically low yields as a result of the Fed’s [Federal Reserve Board’s] aggressive easing of short-term interest rates in an effort to promote liquidity and stimulate economic growth. For the 12 months ended September 30, 2010, the fund’s class P shares returned 0.19% at NAV [net asset value]. The average return for funds in its Lipper peer group was 0.08%.

Given the Fed’s decision to hold interest rates steady at a target range of 0.0% to 0.25% throughout the reporting period, it


This comparison shows your fund’s performance in the context of broad market indexes for the 12 months ended 9/30/10. See pages 2 and 8–9 for additional fund performance information. Index descriptions can be found on page 11.

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is not surprising that the fund’s 7-day yield remained in a similar range throughout the fiscal year. The 7-day yield stood at 0.15% on September 30, 2010, compared with 0.29% at the start of the reporting period on October 1, 2009.

New money market regulations were introduced in 2010. What are the new rules, and how are they affecting the management of the fund?

Joanne: In the aftermath of the financial crisis in late 2008, money market regulation came under scrutiny — prompting the SEC [Securities and Exchange Commission] to work closely with money market fund managers, regulators, central bankers, and ratings agencies to improve the way the money market functions. Consequently, changes to what is known as Rule 2a-7, the SEC rule that dictates the guidelines for money market fund operations, were established in early 2010. All U.S. money market funds were required to be in full compliance by May 2010.

By making these changes, the SEC was attempting to increase money market stability and protect shareholders from future market distress. The changes are designed to reduce the risk that a money market fund will “break the buck,” or see its NAV fall below $1.00. The enhanced rules contained numerous new requirements that focused primarily on liquidity, quality, and reporting standards. For example, to be in compliance, money market funds need to maintain minimum levels of daily and weekly liquidity to ensure significant redemptions can be met without affecting remaining shareholders. Also, higher credit-quality standards and shorter duration of the underlying investments are now required for non-government money market securities. Funds are also required to do regular “stress-testing” for various market scenarios.


Allocations are represented as a percentage of portfolio value. These may differ from allocations shown later in this report. Holdings and allocations may vary over time.

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With its goal of making money market funds safer, the SEC is doing something positive for the money market industry as a whole. However, increased safety (and less risk) can mean lower yields. Furthermore, with the stricter maturity requirements, our ability to extend out on the yield curve to capture higher yields may be more limited. As such, the portfolio’s WAM, or weighted average maturity, rose slightly during the period, but it still remained well below historical levels for such a low-interest-rate environment and reflects our efforts to comply with the stricter maturity limits set by the new SEC regulations. On September 30, 2010, the fund’s WAM was 43 days compared with 40 days at the end of the prior fiscal year on September 30, 2009.

What was your strategy to capture income during the period?

Jonathan: Concerns remained elevated regarding the European economy for much of the period. Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Italy continued to suffer economic weakness and severe debt issues, and prices of their respective short-term debt fluctuated greatly. Outside Europe, the money market universe remained highly sensitive, reacting with heightened risk aversion to negative headlines throughout the year. This created a very volatile market in credit-related investments. Since we strive to maintain a stable $1.00 net asset value and given the new guidelines dictated by Rule 2a-7 to protect shareholders, we maintained a high allocation of Treasury securities and increased the fund’s investments in repurchase agreements, which are collateralized by government, agency, and corporate securities. We will continue to look for opportunities where we see value in non-government securities, but given the current volatility in the market, we think investors need to be properly compensated for that risk.

What fund holdings exemplified your strategy during the period?

Joanne: The global financial system continues to be highly interconnected. During the period, the fund was exposed to large, creditworthy banks, such as JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Westpac Banking, with tight maturity limits. Our conservative stance was driven by general macroeconomic uncertainty, and more specifically, by threats related to regulatory and policy developments and concern over the creditworthiness of foreign banks affected by Europe’s sovereign debt pressures.

The sovereign debt stress from Europe remains an influence on our overall bank


Credit qualities are shown as a percentage of portfolio value as of 9/30/10. A bond rated P-1 for Moody’s, A-1 for Standard & Poor’s, or F1 for Fitch or, if unrated, deemed to be of comparable quality by Putnam, is considered a Tier 1 security under SEC rules. Ratings will vary over time. The fund itself has not been rated by an independent rating agency.

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positioning. Looking at underlying bank fundamentals, we continue to see a relatively stable picture, however. Asset-quality measures show improving trends. Profits are being retained and are helping to build capital. These positive developments are somewhat offset by the banks’ underlying revenue weakness with soft loan demand, pressured interest margins, lower capital markets volume, and ongoing regulatory pressure on fee business.

We continue to find attractive opportunities in the ABCP [asset-backed commercial paper] market. The ABCP issuers that we consider appropriate investments must be backed by diversified high-quality financial assets, must maintain ample third-party structural support, and must have strong management and sponsorship. Straight-A Funding exemplifies our strategy in this market.

Do you expect the financial markets will remain uncertain into 2011?

Jonathan: Yes. The U.S. recovery continues to be threatened by persistent high unemployment, the negative effects of a stronger dollar on exports, and broader concerns about global economic growth. While a deceleration in the pace of U.S. recovery at this stage could be considered normal, we do not see hard evidence that economic growth is reversing, or that profits are shrinking. In our view, market inflection points have been triggered by subtle changes in psychology rather than facts, and it has caused a disproportionate amount of skepticism that has become self-reinforcing at least in the near term.

Indeed, in our view, some of the forces that have driven the economic recovery are waning. Fiscal stimulus that was concentrated in the first half of 2010 is dwindling. Businesses’ inventory replenishment also seems to have run its course. We believe the role of psychology may take on special prominence in the months ahead. Should market volatility seriously dampen consumers’ spirits, their caution may turn the economic expansion into a contraction. We are particularly concerned about sectors leveraged to housing, where the expiration of homebuyer tax credits on April 30, 2010, has exacerbated inherent weakness.

At its August meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee acknowledged that

 

This chart shows how the fund’s top weightings have changed over the past six months. Weightings are shown as a percentage of portfolio value. Holdings will vary over time.

Data in the chart reflect a new calculation methodology placed in effect within the past six months.

6



the pace of recovery had slowed in recent months, and voted to maintain its accommodative monetary policy. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke also said during the reporting period that the central bank “will do all that it can” to ensure that the economic recovery continues.

In this climate, we believe that strategies to reduce volatility and downside risk remain just as important as finding income. We will continue to monitor the money market universe for opportunities. But we plan to maintain the fund’s conservative investments in government securities because we believe the risk and reward profile of non-government investments remains limited for the near future.

Joanne and Jonathan, thank you for your time and insights today.

The views expressed in this report are exclusively those of Putnam Management. They are not meant as investment advice.

Please note that the holdings discussed in this report may not have been held by the fund for the entire period. Portfolio composition is subject to review in accordance with the fund’s investment strategy and may vary in the future. Current and future portfolio holdings are subject to risk.

Consider these risks before investing:

Money market funds are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any other governmental agency. Although the fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in this fund.

Portfolio Manager Joanne Driscoll has an M.B.A. from the Northeastern College of Business Administration and a B.S. from Westfield State College. A CFA charterholder, Joanne joined Putnam in 1995 and has been in the investment industry since 1992.

 

Portfolio Manager Jonathan Topper is a Money Market Specialist at Putnam. He has a B.A. from Northeastern University. Jonathan has been in the investment industry since he joined Putnam in 1990.

IN THE NEWS

With the pace of recovery slowing, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) said that additional monetary policy easing may be necessary “before long.” According to the FOMC’s minutes from its September 21 meeting, several members noted that unless the pace of economic recovery strengthened, they “would consider taking appropriate action soon.” Members of the rate-setting FOMC viewed recent growth and inflation trends as unsatisfactory. Fed officials focused their discussion on a second round of buying U.S. Treasuries, also known as quantitative easing. The purchases are seen as a way to keep the economy from heading into a period of declining inflation and slow growth.

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Your fund’s performance

This section shows your fund’s performance and distribution information for periods ended September 30, 2010, the end of its most recent fiscal year. In accordance with regulatory requirements for mutual funds, we also include expense information taken from the fund’s current prospectus. Performance should always be considered in light of a fund’s investment strategy. Data represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. More recent returns may be less or more than those shown. Investment return and principal value will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or a loss when you sell your shares. Performance information does not reflect any deduction for taxes a shareholder may owe on fund distributions or on the redemption of fund shares. For the most recent month-end performance, please visit the Individual Investors section at putnam.com or call Putnam at 1-800-225-1581. Class P shares are generally only avai lable to corporate and institutional clients and clients in other approved programs. See the Terms and Definitions section in this report for the definition of the share class offered by your fund.

Fund performance Total return for periods ended 9/30/10

  Class P 
(inception date)  (4/13/09) 

  NAV 

Life of fund  0.34% 
Annual average  0.23 

1 year  0.19 

Current yield (end of period)*  NAV 

Current 7-day yield  0.15% 

 

* The 7-day yield is the most common gauge for measuring money market mutual fund performance. Yield reflects current performance more closely than total return.

For a portion of the periods, this fund may have had expense limitations, without which returns and yields would have been lower.

Comparative Lipper returns For periods ended 9/30/10

  Lipper Institutional Money Market Funds 
  category average* 

Life of fund  0.20% 
Annual average  0.13 

1 year  0.08 

 

Lipper results should be compared with fund performance at net asset value.

* Over the 1-year and life-of-fund periods ended 9/30/10, there were 325 and 318 funds, respectively, in this Lipper category.

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Fund distribution information For the 12-month period ended 9/30/10

Distributions  Class P 

Number  12 

Income  $0.001901 

Capital gains   

Total  $0.001901 

 

The classification of distributions, if any, is an estimate. Final distribution information will appear on your year-end tax forms.

Your fund’s expenses

As a mutual fund investor, you pay ongoing expenses, such as management fees and other expenses. In the most recent six-month period, your fund’s expenses were limited; had expenses not been limited, they would have been higher. Using the following information, you can estimate how these expenses affect your investment and compare them with the expenses of other funds. You may also pay one-time transaction expenses, including sales charges (loads) and redemption fees, which are not shown in this section and would have resulted in higher total expenses. For more information, see your fund’s prospectus or talk to your financial representative.

Expense ratios

  Class P 

Net expenses for the fiscal year ended 9/30/09*  0.05% 

Total annual operating expenses for the fiscal year ended 9/30/09  0.30% 

Annualized expense ratio for the six-month period ended 9/30/10†  0.05% 

 

Fiscal-year expense information in this table is taken from the most recent prospectus, is subject to change, and may differ from that shown for the annualized expense ratio and in the financial highlights of this report. Expenses are shown as a percentage of average net assets.

* Reflects Putnam Management’s contractual obligation to waive the fund’s management fee through 6/30/11.

† For the fund’s most recent fiscal half year; may differ from expense ratios based on one-year data in the financial highlights.

Expenses per $1,000

The following table shows the expenses you would have paid on a $1,000 investment in Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund from April 1, 2010, to September 30, 2010. It also shows how much a $1,000 investment would be worth at the close of the period, assuming actual returns and expenses.

  Class P 

Expenses paid per $1,000*†  $0.25 

Ending value (after expenses)  $1,000.90 

 

* Expenses are calculated using the fund’s annualized expense ratio, which represents the ongoing expenses as a percentage of average net assets for the six months ended 9/30/10.

† Expenses are calculated by multiplying the expense ratio by the average account value for the period; then multiplying the result by the number of days in the period; and then dividing that result by the number of days in the year.

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Estimate the expenses you paid

To estimate the ongoing expenses you paid for the six months ended September 30, 2010, use the following calculation method. To find the value of your investment on April 1, 2010, call Putnam at 1-800-225-1581.


Compare expenses using the SEC’s method

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has established guidelines to help investors assess fund expenses. Per these guidelines, the following table shows your fund’s expenses based on a $1,000 investment, assuming a hypothetical 5% annualized return. You can use this information to compare the ongoing expenses (but not transaction expenses or total costs) of investing in the fund with those of other funds. All mutual fund shareholder reports will provide this information to help you make this comparison. Please note that you cannot use this information to estimate your actual ending account balance and expenses paid during the period.

  Class P 

Expenses paid per $1,000*†  $0.25 

Ending value (after expenses)  $1,024.82 

 

* Expenses are calculated using the fund’s annualized expense ratio, which represents the ongoing expenses as a percentage of average net assets for the six months ended 9/30/10.

† Expenses are calculated by multiplying the expense ratio by the average account value for the period; then multiplying the result by the number of days in the period; and then dividing that result by the number of days in the year.

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Terms and definitions

Important terms

Total return shows how the value of the fund’s shares changed over time, assuming you held the shares through the entire period and reinvested all distributions in the fund.

Net asset value (NAV) is the price, or value, of one share of a mutual fund, without a sales charge. NAVs fluctuate with market conditions. NAV is calculated by dividing the net assets of each class of shares by the number of outstanding shares in the class.

Current yield is the annual rate of return earned from dividends or interest of an investment. Current yield is expressed as a percentage of the price of a security, fund share, or principal investment.

Share class

Class P shares require no minimum initial investment amount and no minimum subsequent investment amount. There is no initial or deferred sales charge. They bear no management fee and are available only to other Putnam funds.

Comparative indexes

Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged index of U.S. investment-grade fixed-income securities.

BofA (Bank of America) Merrill Lynch U.S. 3-Month Treasury Bill Index is an unmanaged index that seeks to measure the performance of U.S. Treasury bills available in the marketplace.

S&P 500 Index is an unmanaged index of common stock performance.

Indexes assume reinvestment of all distributions and do not account for fees. Securities and performance of a fund and an index will differ. You cannot invest directly in an index.

Lipper is a third-party industry-ranking entity that ranks mutual funds. Its rankings do not reflect sales charges. Lipper rankings are based on total return at net asset value relative to other funds that have similar current investment styles or objectives as determined by Lipper. Lipper may change a fund’s category assignment at its discretion. Lipper category averages reflect performance trends for funds within a category.

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Trustee approval of management contract

General conclusions

The Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds oversees the management of each fund and, as required by law, determines annually whether to approve the continuance of your fund’s management contract with Putnam Investment Management (“Putnam Management”) and the sub-management contract with respect to your fund between Putnam Management and its affiliate, Putnam Investments Limited (“PIL”).

In this regard, the Board of Trustees, with the assistance of its Contract Committee consisting solely of Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as this term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended) of the Putnam funds (the “Independent Trustees”), requests and evaluates all information it deems reasonably necessary under the circumstances. Over the course of several months ending in June 2010, the Contract Committee met several times with representatives of Putnam Management and in executive session to consider the information provided by Putnam Management and other information developed with the assistance of the Board’s independent counsel and independent staff. The Contract Committee reviewed and discussed key aspects of this information with all of the Independent Trustees. At the Trustees’ June 11, 2010 meeting, the Contract Committee recommended, and the Independent Trustees approved, the co ntinuance of your fund’s management and sub-management contracts, effective July 1, 2010. (Because PIL is an affiliate of Putnam Management and Putnam Management remains fully responsible for all services provided by PIL, the Trustees have not evaluated PIL as a separate entity, and all subsequent references to Putnam Management below should be deemed to include reference to PIL as necessary or appropriate in the context.)

The Independent Trustees’ approval was based on the following conclusions:

That the fee schedule in effect for your fund represented reasonable compensation in light of the nature and quality of the services being provided to the fund, the fees paid by competitive funds, and the costs incurred by Putnam Management in providing such services, and

That the fee schedule represented an appropriate sharing between fund shareholders and Putnam Management of such economies of scale as may exist in the management of the fund at current asset levels.

These conclusions were based on a comprehensive consideration of all information provided to the Trustees and were not the result of any single factor. Some of the factors that figured particularly in the Trustees’ deliberations and how the Trustees considered these factors are described below, although individual Trustees may have evaluated the information presented differently, giving different weights to various factors. It is also important to recognize that the fee arrangements for your fund and the other Putnam funds are the result of many years of review and discussion between the Independent Trustees and Putnam Management, that certain aspects of the arrangements may receive greater scrutiny in some years than others, and that the Trustees’ conclusions may be based, in part, on their consideration of fee arrangements in prior years.

Management fee schedules and categories; total expenses

The Trustees reviewed the management fee schedules in effect for all Putnam funds, including fee levels and breakpoints. In

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reviewing management fees, the Trustees generally focus their attention on material changes in circumstances — for example, changes in assets under management or investment style, changes in Putnam Management’s operating costs, or changes in competitive practices in the mutual fund industry — that suggest that consideration of fee changes might be warranted. The Trustees concluded that the circumstances did not warrant changes to the management fee structure of your fund.

As in the past, the Trustees continued to focus on the competitiveness of the total expense ratio of each fund. In order to ensure that expenses of the Putnam funds continue to meet evolving competitive standards, the Trustees and Putnam Management agreed in 2009 to implement: (i) a contractual expense limitation applicable to all retail open-end funds of 37.5 basis points on investor servicing fees and expenses and (ii) a contractual expense limitation applicable to all open-end funds of 20 basis points on so-called “other expenses” (i.e., all expenses exclusive of management fees, investor servicing fees, distribution fees, taxes, brokerage commissions and extraordinary expenses). These expense limitations serve in particular to maintain competitive expense levels for funds with large numbers of small shareholder accounts and funds with relatively small net assets.

The Trustees reviewed comparative fee and expense information for competitive funds, which indicated that, in a custom peer group of competitive funds selected by Lipper Inc., your fund ranked in the 14th percentile in effective management fees (determined for your fund and the other funds in the custom peer group based on fund asset size and the applicable contractual management fee schedule) as of December 31, 2009 (the first percentile representing the least expensive funds and the 100th percentile the most expensive funds).

The Trustees considered that most Putnam funds (although not your fund) currently have breakpoints in their management fees that provide shareholders with significant economies of scale in the form of reduced fee levels as assets under management in the Putnam family of funds increase.

In connection with their review of the management fees and total expenses of the Putnam funds, the Trustees also reviewed the costs of the services provided and profits realized by Putnam Management and its affiliates from their contractual relationships with the funds. This information included trends in revenues, expenses and profitability of Putnam Management and its affiliates relating to the investment management, investor servicing and distribution services provided to the funds. In this regard, the Trustees also reviewed an analysis of Putnam Management’s revenues, expenses and profitability, allocated on a fund-by-fund basis, with respect to the funds’ management, distribution, and investor servicing contracts. For each fund, the analysis presented information about revenues, expenses and profitability for each of the agreements separately and for the agreements taken together on a combined basis. The Trustees concluded that, at curre nt asset levels, the fee schedules currently in place represented an appropriate sharing of economies of scale at that time.

The information examined by the Trustees as part of their annual contract review for the Putnam funds has included for many years information regarding fees charged by Putnam Management and its affiliates to institutional clients such as defined benefit pension plans, college endowments, and the like. This information included comparisons of such fees with fees charged to the funds, as well as a detailed assessment of the differences in the services provided to these two types of clients. The Trustees observed, in this regard, that the differences in fee rates between institutional

13



clients and mutual funds are by no means uniform when examined by individual asset sectors, suggesting that differences in the pricing of investment management services to these types of clients may reflect historical competitive forces operating in separate market places. The Trustees considered the fact that fee rates across different asset classes are typically higher on average for mutual funds than for institutional clients, as well as the differences between the services that Putnam Management provides to the Putnam funds and those that it provides to institutional clients of the firm, and did not rely on these comparisons to any significant extent in concluding that the management fees paid by your fund are reasonable.

Investment performance

The quality of the investment process provided by Putnam Management represented a major factor in the Trustees’ evaluation of the quality of services provided by Putnam Management under your fund’s management contract. The Trustees were assisted in their review of the Putnam funds’ investment process and performance by the work of the Investment Oversight Coordinating Committee of the Trustees and the Investment Oversight Committees of the Trustees, which met on a regular monthly basis with the funds’ portfolio teams throughout the year. The Trustees concluded that Putnam Management generally provides a high-quality investment process — as measured by the experience and skills of the individuals assigned to the management of fund portfolios, the resources made available to such personnel, and in general the ability of Putnam Management to attract and retain high-quality personnel — but also recognized that this does not gu arantee favorable investment results for every fund in every time period. The Trustees considered the investment performance of each fund (although not your fund, which had only a very limited performance record because it had only recently commenced operations) over multiple time periods and considered information comparing each fund’s performance with various benchmarks and with the performance of competitive funds.

The Committee noted the substantial improvement in the performance of most Putnam funds during 2009. The Committee also noted the disappointing investment performance of a number of the funds for periods ended December 31, 2009 and considered information provided by Putnam Management regarding the factors contributing to the underperformance and actions being taken to improve performance. The Trustees recognized that, in recent years, Putnam Management has taken steps to strengthen its investment personnel and processes to address areas of underperformance, including Putnam Management’s continuing efforts to strengthen the equity research function, recent changes in portfolio managers, increased accountability of individual managers rather than teams, recent changes in Putnam Management’s approach to incentive compensation, including emphasis on top quartile performance over a rolling three-year period, and the recent arrival of a new chief i nvestment officer. The Trustees indicated their intention to continue to monitor performance trends to assess the effectiveness of these efforts and to evaluate whether additional changes to address areas of underperformance are warranted.

Brokerage and soft-dollar allocations; investor servicing; distribution

The Trustees considered various potential benefits that Putnam Management may receive in connection with the services it provides under the management contract with your fund. These include benefits related to brokerage and soft-dollar allocations, whereby a portion of the commissions paid by a fund for brokerage may be used to acquire research services that are expected to be

14



useful to Putnam Management in managing the assets of the fund and of other clients. The Trustees considered a change made, at Putnam Management’s request, to the Putnam funds’ brokerage allocation policies commencing in 2010, which increased the permitted soft dollar allocation to third-party services over what had been authorized in previous years. The Trustees noted that a portion of available soft dollars continues to be allocated to the payment of fund expenses. The Trustees indicated their continued intent to monitor regulatory developments in this area with the assistance of their Brokerage Committee and also indicated their continued intent to monitor the potential benefits associated with fund brokerage and soft-dollar allocations and trends in industry practices to ensure that the principle of seeking best price and execution remains paramount in the portfolio trading process.

Putnam Management may also receive benefits from payments that the funds make to Putnam Management’s affiliates for investor or distribution services. In conjunction with the annual review of your fund’s management contract, the Trustees reviewed your fund’s investor servicing agreement with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. (“PSERV”) and its distributor’s contracts and distribution plans with Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership (“PRM”), both of which are affiliates of Putnam Management. The Trustees concluded that the fees payable by the funds to PSERV and PRM, as applicable, for such services are reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of such services.

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Other information for shareholders

Important notice regarding Putnam’s privacy policy

In order to conduct business with our shareholders, we must obtain certain personal information such as account holders’ names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and dates of birth. Using this information, we are able to maintain accurate records of accounts and transactions.

It is our policy to protect the confidentiality of our shareholder information, whether or not a shareholder currently owns shares of our funds. In particular, it is our policy not to sell information about you or your accounts to outside marketing firms. We have safeguards in place designed to prevent unauthorized access to our computer systems and procedures to protect personal information from unauthorized use.

Under certain circumstances, we must share account information with outside vendors who provide services to us, such as mailings and proxy solicitations. In these cases, the service providers enter into confidentiality agreements with us, and we provide only the information necessary to process transactions and perform other services related to your account. Finally, it is our policy to share account information with your financial representative, if you’ve listed one on your Putnam account.

Proxy voting

Putnam is committed to managing our mutual funds in the best interests of our shareholders. The Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures, as well as information regarding how your fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30, 2010, are available in the Individual Investors section at putnam.com, and on the SEC’s Web site, www.sec.gov. If you have questions about finding forms on the SEC’s Web site, you may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You may also obtain the Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures at no charge by calling Putnam’s Shareholder Services at 1-800-225-1581.

Fund portfolio holdings

The fund will file a complete schedule of its portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q. Shareholders may obtain the fund’s Forms N-Q on the SEC’s Web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, the fund’s Forms N-Q may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about the SEC’s Web site or the operation of the Public Reference Room.

Trustee and employee fund ownership

Putnam employees and members of the Board of Trustees place their faith, confidence, and, most importantly, investment dollars in Putnam mutual funds. As of September 30, 2010, Putnam employees had approximately $319,000,000 and the Trustees had approximately $60,000,000 invested in Putnam mutual funds. These amounts include investments by the Trustees’ and employees’ immediate family members as well as investments through retirement and deferred compensation plans.

16



Financial statements

These sections of the report, as well as the accompanying Notes, preceded by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, constitute the fund’s financial statements.

The fund’s portfolio lists all the fund’s investments and their values as of the last day of the reporting period. Holdings are organized by asset type and industry sector, country, or state to show areas of concentration and diversification.

Statement of assets and liabilities shows how the fund’s net assets and share price are determined. All investment and non-investment assets are added together. Any unpaid expenses and other liabilities are subtracted from this total. The result is divided by the number of shares to determine the net asset value per share, which is calculated separately for each class of shares. (For funds with preferred shares, the amount subtracted from total assets includes the liquidation preference of preferred shares.)

Statement of operations shows the fund’s net investment gain or loss. This is done by first adding up all the fund’s earnings — from dividends and interest income — and subtracting its operating expenses to determine net investment income (or loss). Then, any net gain or loss the fund realized on the sales of its holdings — as well as any unrealized gains or losses over the period — is added to or subtracted from the net investment result to determine the fund’s net gain or loss for the fiscal year.

Statement of changes in net assets shows how the fund’s net assets were affected by the fund’s net investment gain or loss, by distributions to shareholders, and by changes in the number of the fund’s shares. It lists distributions and their sources (net investment income or realized capital gains) over the current reporting period and the most recent fiscal year-end. The distributions listed here may not match the sources listed in the Statement of operations because the distributions are determined on a tax basis and may be paid in a different period from the one in which they were earned.

Financial highlights provide an overview of the fund’s investment results, per-share distributions, expense ratios, net investment income ratios, and portfolio turnover in one summary table, reflecting the five most recent reporting periods. In a semiannual report, the highlights table also includes the current reporting period.

17



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Trustees of Putnam Funds Trust and Shareholders of
Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund:

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund (the “fund”), a series of Putnam Funds Trust (the “Trust”), including the fund’s portfolio, as of September 30, 2010, and the related statement of operations for the year then ended and the statements of changes in net assets and the financial highlights for the year ended September 30, 2010 and the period from April 13, 2009 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2009. These financial statements and financial highlights are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform our audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of September 30, 2010 by correspondence with the custodian. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements and financial highlights referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund as of September 30, 2010, the results of its operations for the year then ended and the changes in its net assets and the financial highlights for the periods specified in the first paragraph above, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.


Boston, Massachusetts
November 11, 2010

18



The fund’s portfolio 9/30/10

U.S. TREASURY    Maturity  Principal   
OBLIGATIONS (61.6%)*  Yield (%)  date  amount  Value 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.235  8/25/11  $50,000,000  $49,893,172 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.235  7/28/11  80,000,000  79,843,667 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.193  5/5/11  50,000,000  49,942,250 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.250  4/7/11  72,000,000  71,906,188 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.192  3/17/11  100,000,000  99,910,933 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.195  2/10/11  50,000,000  49,964,250 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.161  12/23/10  100,000,000  99,962,996 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.209  12/16/10  50,000,000  49,977,992 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.157  11/18/10  145,000,000  144,970,895 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.185  11/12/10  150,000,000  149,971,825 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.136  11/4/10  272,000,000  271,967,582 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.147  10/28/10  400,000,000  399,967,703 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.164  10/21/10  650,000,000  649,958,187 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.126  10/14/10  275,000,000  274,988,932 

U.S. Treasury Bills  0.133  10/7/10  525,000,000  524,993,146 

U.S. Treasury Notes k  4.750  3/31/11  50,000,000  51,091,788 

U.S. Treasury Notes k  4.250  10/15/10  88,000,000  88,137,681 

U.S. Treasury Notes k  1.500  10/31/10  150,000,000  150,162,259 

U.S. Treasury Notes k  1.000  9/30/11  30,000,000  30,202,455 

U.S. Treasury Notes k  1.000  8/31/11  10,000,000  10,063,677 

U.S. Treasury Notes k  1.000  7/31/11  50,000,000  50,299,177 

U.S. Treasury Notes k  0.875  2/28/11  50,000,000  50,117,653 

U.S. Treasury Notes k  0.875  12/31/10  50,000,000  50,082,913 

Total U.S. treasury obligations (cost $3,448,377,321)      $3,448,377,321 
   

 

REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS (23.5%)*  Principal amount  Value 

Interest in $486,000,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement     
dated September 30, 2010 with JPMorgan Securities, Inc. due October 1,     
2010 — maturity value of $254,002,822 for an effective yield of 0.40%     
(collateralized by various mortgage backed securities with coupon rates     
ranging from 3.50% to 12.50% and due dates ranging from March 1, 2011     
to August 5, 2050, valued at $495,721,493)  $254,000,000  $254,000,000 

Interest in $100,000,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement dated     
September 30, 2010 with Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. due October 1,     
2010 — maturity value of $53,500,520 for an effective yield of 0.35%     
(collateralized by various corporate bonds and notes with coupon rates     
ranging from zero % to 7.50% and due dates ranging from November 15,     
2010 to April 1, 2039, valued at $105,000,000)  53,500,000  53,500,000 

Interest in $87,500,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement dated     
September 30, 2010 with JPMorgan Securities, Inc. due October 1,     
2010 — maturity value of $36,000,350 for an effective yield of 0.35%     
(collateralized by various corporate bonds and notes with coupon rates     
ranging from zero % to 7.75% and due dates ranging from March 1, 2011     
to September 15, 2040, valued at $91,875,827)  36,000,000  36,000,000 

 

19



REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS (23.5%)* cont.  Principal amount  Value 

Interest in $86,500,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement dated     
September 30, 2010 with Bank of America Securities, Inc. due October 1,     
2010 — maturity value of $35,000,311 for an effective yield of 0.32%     
(collateralized by various corporate bonds and notes with coupon rates     
ranging from zero % to 6.15% and due dates ranging from March 1, 2013     
to September 30, 2015, valued at $90,825,000)  $35,000,000  $35,000,000 

Interest in $425,000,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement dated     
September 30, 2010 with Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. due October 1,     
2010 — maturity value of $275,149,293 for an effective yield of 0.30%     
(collateralized by various mortgage backed securities with coupon rates     
ranging from 2.68% to 6.50% and due dates ranging from September 1,     
2013 to June 1, 2040, valued at $433,500,000)  275,147,000  275,147,000 

Interest in $63,000,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement dated     
September 30, 2010 with Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. due October 1,     
2010 — maturity value of $38,000,317 for an effective yield of 0.30%     
(collateralized by various corporate bonds and notes with coupon rates     
ranging from zero % to 7.25% and due dates ranging from July 28, 2011     
to May 27, 2040, valued at $66,150,001)  38,000,000  38,000,000 

Interest in $387,233,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement dated     
September 30, 2010 with Bank of America Securities, Inc. due October 1,     
2010 — maturity value of $112,000,871 for an effective yield of 0.28%     
(collateralized by various mortgage backed securities with coupon rates     
ranging from 3.92% to 6.00% and due dates ranging from June 1, 2023     
to September 1, 2040, valued at $394,977,661)  112,000,000  112,000,000 

Interest in $175,000,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement dated     
September 30, 2010 with Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. due October 1,     
2010 — maturity value of $100,000,778 for an effective yield of 0.28%     
(collateralized by various mortgage backed securities with coupon rates     
ranging from 4.00% to 7.00% and due dates ranging from May 1, 2021     
to June 1, 2040, valued at $178,500,000)  100,000,000  100,000,000 

Interest in $398,327,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement dated     
September 30, 2010 with Goldman Sachs & Co., due October 1, 2010 —     
maturity value of $113,371,882 for an effective yield of 0.28%     
(collateralized by various mortgage backed securities with coupon rates     
ranging from 3.50% to 8.00% and due dates ranging from November 1,     
2018 to November 1, 2047, valued at $406,293,540)  113,371,000  113,371,000 

Interest in $300,000,000 joint tri-party repurchase agreement dated     
September 30, 2010 with Credit Suisse First Boston Securities, Inc. due     
October 1, 2010 — maturity value of $300,002,000 for an effective yield     
of 0.24% (collateralized by a single U.S. Treasury Note with a coupon rate     
of 1.75% and a due date of January 31, 2014, valued at $306,001,662)  300,000,000  300,000,000 

Total repurchase agreements (cost $1,317,018,000)    $1,317,018,000 
   

 

U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCY    Maturity  Principal   
OBLIGATIONS (10.8%)*  Yield (%)  date  amount  Value 

Fannie Mae discount notes  0.180  11/24/10  $45,000,000  $44,987,850 

Fannie Mae discount notes  0.180  11/22/10  45,000,000  44,988,300 

Fannie Mae discount notes  0.185  11/10/10  54,743,000  54,731,961 

Fannie Mae discount notes  0.170  11/3/10  19,248,000  19,245,001 

Fannie Mae discount notes  0.170  10/27/10  12,000,000  11,998,527 

Federal Farm Credit Bank FRB Ser. 1  0.266  2/28/11  21,300,000  21,300,000 

 

20



U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCY    Maturity  Principal   
OBLIGATIONS (10.8%)* cont.  Yield (%)  date  amount  Value 

Federal Home Loan Bank  0.170  10/29/10  $87,000,000  $86,988,497 

Federal Home Loan Bank  0.170  10/27/10  93,000,000  92,988,582 

Federal Home Loan Bank unsec. bonds FRN         
Ser. 1  0.228  11/8/10  25,000,000  25,000,000 

Federal Home Loan Bank unsec. bonds FRN         
Ser. 2  0.202  11/19/10  20,000,000  19,999,463 

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp.  0.180  11/22/10  62,600,000  62,583,724 

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp.  0.170  10/20/10  100,175,000  100,166,012 

Federal National Mortgage Association         
discount notes  0.321  11/15/10  8,000,000  7,996,800 

Freddie Mac discount notes  0.280  10/5/10  13,496,000  13,495,580 

Total U.S. government agency obligations (cost $606,470,297)    $606,470,297 
 
ASSET-BACKED    Maturity  Principal   
COMMERCIAL PAPER (1.4%)*  Yield (%)  date  amount  Value 

Straight-A Funding, LLC  0.270  11/16/10  $15,000,000  $14,994,825 

Straight-A Funding, LLC  0.230  10/21/10  19,000,000  18,997,572 

Straight-A Funding, LLC  0.240  10/20/10  41,900,000  41,894,693 

Total asset-backed commercial paper (cost $75,887,090)      $75,887,090 
 
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT (1.0%)*    Maturity  Principal   
  Yield (%)  date  amount  Value 

Lloyds TSB Bank PLC/New York, NY FRN         
(United Kingdom)  0.758  5/6/11  $20,500,000  $20,500,000 

Westpac Banking Corp. NY FRN (Australia)  0.298  11/3/10  35,400,000  35,400,000 

Total certificates of deposit (cost $55,900,000)        $55,900,000 
 
CORPORATE BONDS AND NOTES (1.0%)*    Maturity  Principal   
  Yield (%)  date  amount  Value 

JPMorgan Chase Bank NA sr. notes FRN  0.258  6/21/11  $30,000,000  $30,000,000 

Westpac Banking Corp. 144A sr. unsec.         
notes FRN (Australia)  0.308  7/1/11  25,000,000  25,000,000 

Total corporate bonds and notes (cost $55,000,000)      $55,000,000 
 
COMMERCIAL PAPER (0.6%)*    Maturity  Principal   
  Yield (%)  date  amount  Value 

Australia & New Zealand Banking         
Group, Ltd. 144A (Australia)  0.306  11/23/10  $32,000,000  $32,000,000 

Total commercial paper (cost $32,000,000)        $32,000,000 
 
TOTAL INVESTMENTS         

Total investments (cost $5,590,652,708)        $5,590,652,708 

 

21



Key to holding’s abbreviations

FRB  Floating Rate Bonds 
FRN  Floating Rate Notes 

 

Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from October 1, 2009 through September 30, 2010 (the reporting period).

* Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $5,594,201,773.

k The rates shown are the current interest rates at the close of the reporting period.

Debt obligations are considered secured unless otherwise indicated.

144A after the name of an issuer represents securities exempt from registration under Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These securities may be resold in transactions exempt from registration, normally to qualified institutional buyers.

The rates shown on FRB and FRN are the current interest rates at the close of the reporting period.

The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.

Accounting Standards Codification ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820) establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2 — Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:

    Valuation inputs  

Investments in securities:  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3 

Asset-backed commercial paper  $—  $75,887,090  $— 

Certificates of deposit    55,900,000   

Commercial paper    32,000,000   

Corporate bonds and notes    55,000,000   

Repurchase agreements    1,317,018,000   

U.S. government agency obligations    606,470,297   

U.S. Treasury Obligations    3,448,377,321   

Totals by level  $—  $5,590,652,708  $— 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

22



Statement of assets and liabilities 9/30/10

ASSETS   

Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):   
Unaffiliated issuers (at amortized cost)  $5,590,652,708 

Cash  1,856,523 

Interest and other receivables  2,977,637 

Total assets  5,595,486,868 
 
LIABILITIES   

Distributions payable to shareholders  748,925 

Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)  46,461 

Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)  22,485 

Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)  60,132 

Payable for administrative services (Note 2)  22,352 

Payable for offering costs (Note 1)  38,749 

Legal  100,085 

Registration fees  195,523 

Other accrued expenses  50,383 

Total liabilities  1,285,095 
 
Net assets  $5,594,201,773 

 
REPRESENTED BY   

Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4)  $5,594,129,141 

Undistributed net investment income (Note 1)  83,311 

Accumulated net realized loss on investments (Note 1)  (10,679) 

Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding  $5,594,201,773 
 
COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE   

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class P share   
($5,594,201,773 divided by 5,594,129,141 shares)  $1.00 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

23



Statement of operations Year ended 9/30/10

INVESTMENT INCOME  $8,217,277 

 
EXPENSES   

Compensation of Manager (Note 2)  8,861,226 

Investor servicing fees (Note 2)  356,648 

Custodian fees (Note 2)  49,074 

Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)  267,934 

Administrative services (Note 2)  179,223 

Registration fees  239,731 

Auditing  106,181 

Legal  264,723 

Insurance  112,218 

Amortization of offering costs (Note 1)  21,910 

Other  19,923 

Fees waived by Manager (Note 2)  (8,861,226) 

Total expenses  1,617,565 
 
Expense reduction (Note 2)  (1,692) 

Net expenses  1,615,873 
 
Net investment income  6,601,404 

 
 
Net realized gain on investments (Notes 1 and 3)  204 

Net gain on investments  204 
 
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations  $6,601,608 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

24



Statement of changes in net assets

    For the period 4/13/09 
    (commencement of 
    operations) 
INCREASE IN NET ASSETS  Year ended 9/30/10  to 9/30/09 

Operations:     
Net investment income  $6,601,404  $3,251,122 

Net realized gain (loss) on investments  204  (10,883) 

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations  6,601,608  3,240,239 

Distributions to shareholders (Note 1):     
From ordinary income     
Net investment income     

Class P  (6,348,240)  (3,420,975) 

Increase from capital share transactions (Note 4)  2,742,262,141  2,851,867,000 

Total increase in net assets  2,742,515,509  2,851,686,264 
 
NET ASSETS     

Beginning of year (Note 4)  2,851,686,264   

End of year (including undistributed net investment     
income of $83,311 and distributions in excess of net     
investment income of $169,853, respectively)  $5,594,201,773  $2,851,686,264 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

25



Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: LESS DISTRIBUTIONS: RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:

 
                      Ratio of net 
                      investment 
                      income 
                      (loss) 
  Net asset value,    Net realized  Total from  From  Total      Net assets,  Ratio of expenses  to average 
  beginning  Net investment  gain (loss)  investment  net investment  distribu-  Net asset value,  Total return at net  end of period  to average  net assets 
Period ended  of period  income (loss)  on investments  operations  income  tions  end of period  asset value (%) a  (in thousands)  net assets (%) b,c  (%) c 

Class P                       
September 30, 2010  $1.00  .0020  d  .0020  (.0019)  (.0019)  $1.00  .19  $5,594,202  .05  .19 
September 30, 2009 †  1.00  .0014  d  .0014  (.0015)  (.0015)  1.00  .15 *  2,851,686  .03 *  .14 * 

 

* Not annualized.

† For the period April 13, 2009 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2009.

a Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

b Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements (Note 2).

c Reflects an involuntary contractual waiver of the funds management fee in effect during the period. As a result of such waiver, the management fee reflects a reduction of the following amounts (Note 2):

  Percentage of 
  average net assets 

September 30, 2010  0.25% 

September 30, 2009  0.12 

 

d Amount represents less than $0.0001 per share.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

26  27 

 



Notes to financial statements 9/30/10

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund (the fund) is a diversified series of Putnam Funds Trust (the Trust), a Massachusetts business trust, registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as an open-end management investment company. The fund seeks as high a rate of current income as Putnam Investment Management, LLC (Putnam Management), the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, believes is consistent with preservation of capital, maintenance of liquidity and stability of principal by investing in a diversified portfolio of high-quality short-term debt obligations. The fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in money market instruments from the banking, the personal credit and the business credit industries.

The fund offers class P shares, which are sold without a front-end sales charge and generally are not subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. Class P shares are available only to other Putnam Funds.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from October 1, 2009 through September 30, 2010.

A) Security valuation The valuation of the fund’s portfolio instruments is determined by means of the amortized cost method (which approximates market value) as set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The amortized cost of an instrument is determined by valuing it at its original cost and thereafter amortizing any discount or premium from its face value at a constant rate until maturity and is generally categorized as a Level 2 security.

B) Joint trading account Pursuant to an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), the fund may transfer uninvested cash balances into a joint trading account along with the cash of other registered investment companies and certain other accounts managed by Putnam Management. These balances may be invested in issues of short-term investments having maturities of up to 90 days.

C) Repurchase agreements The fund, or any joint trading account, through its custodian, receives delivery of the underlying securities, the market value of which at the time of purchase is required to be in an amount at least equal to the resale price, including accrued interest. Collateral for certain tri-party repurchase agreements is held at the counterparty’s custodian in a segregated account for the benefit of the fund and the counterparty. Putnam Management is responsible for determining that the value of these underlying securities is at all times at least equal to the resale price, including accrued interest. In the event of default or bankruptcy by the other party to the agreement, retention of the collateral may be subject to legal proceedings.

D) Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. Premiums and discounts from purchases of short-term investments are amortized/accreted at a constant rate until maturity. Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

E) Interfund lending Effective July 2010, the fund, along with other Putnam funds, may participate in an interfund lending program pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC. This program allows the fund to lend to other Putnam funds that permit such transactions. Interfund lending transactions are subject to each fund’s investment policies and borrowing and lending limits. Interest earned or paid on the interfund lending transaction will be based on the average of certain current market rates. During the reporting period, the fund did not utilize the program.

28



F) Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its taxable income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code. The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ASC 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on inco me, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. The fund’s federal tax returns for the prior fiscal year remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

At September 30, 2010, the fund had a capital loss carryover of $10,679 available to the extent allowed by the Code to offset future net capital gain, if any. This capital loss carryover will expire on September 30, 2017.

G) Distributions to shareholders Income dividends are recorded daily by the fund and are paid monthly. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. For the reporting period ended, there were no temporary or permanent differences. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. For the reporting period ended, the fund required no such reclassifications.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:

Undistributed ordinary income  $832,237 
Capital loss carryforward  (10,679) 

 

The aggregate identified cost on a financial reporting and tax basis is the same.

H) Expenses of the Trust Expenses directly charged or attributable to any fund will be paid from the assets of that fund. Generally, expenses of the Trust will be allocated among and charged to the assets of each fund on a basis that the Trustees deem fair and equitable, which may be based on the relative assets of each fund or the nature of the services performed and relative applicability to each fund.

I) Offering costs The offering costs of $41,222 have been fully amortized on a straight-line basis over a twelvemonth period as of April 13, 2010. As of the close of the reporting period, the fund has reimbursed Putnam Management for the payment of these expenses.

Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund paid Putnam Management for management and investment advisory services monthly based on the average net assets of the fund. Such fee was based on the following annual rate of 0.25% of average net assets. Putnam Management has agreed to waive its management fee from the fund through January 31, 2011. During the reporting period, the fund waived $8,861,226 as a result of this waiver.

Putnam Management has contractually agreed, through June 30, 2011, to waive fees or reimburse the fund’s expenses to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal year-to-date basis to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period. During the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were not reduced as a result of this limit.

Effective January 30, 2010, Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. Putnam Management pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.40% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

29



Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street). Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provides investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. was paid a monthly fee for investor servicing at an annual rate of 0.01% of the fund’s average net assets. The amounts incurred for investor servicing agent functions during the reporting period are included in Investor servicing fees in the Statement of operations.

The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $1,692 under the expense offset arrangements.

Each independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $4,159, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

The fund has not adopted a distribution plan (the Plan) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, cost of purchases and proceeds from sales (including maturities) of investment securities (all short-term obligations) aggregated $252,758,641,646 and $250,020,737,187, respectively.

Note 4: Capital shares

At the close of the reporting period, there was an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares at a constant net asset value of $1.00 per share were as follows:

    For the period 4/13/09 
    (commencement of operations) 
  Year ended 9/30/10  to 9/30/09 

Class P     

Shares sold  26,495,645,884  12,046,669,099* 

Shares issued in connection with     
reinvestment of distributions     

  26,495,645,884  12,046,669,099 

Shares repurchased  (23,753,383,743)  (9,194,802,099) 

Net increase  2,742,262,141  2,851,867,000 

 

* Includes 2,144,822,425 received in a transfer of assets from Federated Prime Obligations Fund, an unaffiliated management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, in April 2009.

Note 5: Regulatory matters and litigation

In late 2003 and 2004, Putnam Management settled charges brought by the SEC and the Massachusetts Securities Division in connection with excessive short-term trading in Putnam funds. Distribution of payments from Putnam Management to certain open-end Putnam funds and their shareholders is expected to be completed in the next

30



several months. These allegations and related matters have served as the general basis for certain lawsuits, including purported class action lawsuits against Putnam Management and, in a limited number of cases, some Putnam funds. Putnam Management believes that these lawsuits will have no material adverse effect on the funds or on Putnam Management’s ability to provide investment management services. In addition, Putnam Management has agreed to bear any costs incurred by the Putnam funds as a result of these matters.

Note 6: Market and credit risk

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default.

31



Federal tax information (Unaudited)

The Form 1099 that will be mailed to you in January 2011 will show the tax status of all distributions paid to your account in calendar 2010.

32



Shareholder meeting results (Unaudited)

November 19, 2009 meeting

At the meeting, each of the nominees for Trustee was elected, with all funds of the Trust voting together as single class*, as follows:

  Votes for  Votes withheld 

Ravi Akhoury  2,566,689,700  3,929,918 

Jameson A. Baxter  2,566,704,258  3,915,360 

Charles B. Curtis  2,566,702,967  3,916,651 

Robert J. Darretta  2,566,745,632  3,873,986 

Myra R. Drucker  2,566,694,748  3,924,870 

John A. Hill  2,566,712,158  3,907,460 

Paul L. Joskow  2,566,754,802  3,864,816 

Elizabeth T. Kennan †  2,566,690,713  3,928,905 

Kenneth R. Leibler  2,566,733,552  3,886,066 

Robert E. Patterson  2,566,763,419  3,856,199 

George Putnam, III  2,566,693,850  3,925,768 

Robert L. Reynolds  2,566,757,540  3,862,078 

W. Thomas Stephens  2,566,760,127  3,859,491 

Richard B. Worley  2,566,734,621  3,884,997 

 

* Reflects votes with respect to election of Trustees by funds of the Trust through January 15, 2010.

† Dr. Kennan retired from the Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds effective June 30, 2010.

All tabulations are rounded to the nearest whole number.

33



About the Trustees

Independent Trustees

Name     
Year of birth     
Position held  Principal occupations during past five years  Other directorships 

Ravi Akhoury  Advisor to New York Life Insurance Company. Trustee of  Jacob Ballas Capital 
Born 1947  American India Foundation and of the Rubin Museum.  India, a non-banking 
Trustee since 2009  From 1992 to 2007, was Chairman and CEO of MacKay  finance company 
  Shields, a multi-product investment management firm  focused on private 
  with over $40 billion in assets under management.  equity advisory services 

Barbara M. Baumann  President and Owner of Cross Creek Energy Corporation,  SM Energy Company, 
Born 1955  a strategic consultant to domestic energy firms and direct  a publicly held energy 
Trustee since 2010  investor in energy assets. Trustee, and Co-Chair of the  company focused on 
  Finance Committee, of Mount Holyoke College. Former  natural gas and crude 
  Chair and current board member of Girls Incorporated of  oil in the United States; 
  Metro Denver. Member of the Finance Committee, The  UniSource Energy 
  Children’s Hospital of Denver.  Corporation, a publicly 
    held provider of natural 
    gas and electric service 
    across Arizona; Cody 
    Resources Management, 
    LLP, a privately held 
    energy, ranching, and 
    commercial real estate 
    company 

Jameson A. Baxter  President of Baxter Associates, Inc., a private investment  ASHTA Chemicals, Inc. 
Born 1943  firm. Chairman of Mutual Fund Directors Forum.   
Trustee since 1994 and  Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Trustees of Mount   
Vice Chairman since 2005  Holyoke College.   

Charles B. Curtis  President Emeritus of the Nuclear Threat Initiative, a  Edison International; 
Born 1940  private foundation dealing with national security issues.  Southern California 
Trustee since 2001  Senior Advisor to the United Nations Foundation. Senior  Edison 
  Advisor to the Center for Strategic and International   
Studies. Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and
  the National Petroleum Council.   

Robert J. Darretta  Health Care Industry Advisor to Permira, a global private  United-Health 
Born 1946  equity firm. Until April 2007, was Vice Chairman of the  Group, a diversified 
Trustee since 2007  Board of Directors of Johnson & Johnson. Served as  health-care company 
Johnson & Johnson’s Chief Financial Officer for a decade.

Myra R. Drucker  Vice Chair of the Board of Trustees of Sarah Lawrence  Grantham, Mayo, 
Born 1948  College, and a member of the Investment Committee of  Van Otterloo & Co., 
Trustee since 2004  the Kresge Foundation, a charitable trust. Advisor to the  LLC, an investment 
  Employee Benefits Investment Committee of The Boeing  management company 
Company. Retired in 2009 as Chair of the Board of Trustees
of Commonfund, a not-for-profit firm that manages assets
for educational endowments and foundations. Until July
2010, Advisor to RCM Capital Management and member of
  the Board of Interactive Data Corporation.   

John A. Hill  Founder and Vice-Chairman of First Reserve  Devon Energy 
Born 1942  Corporation, the leading private equity buyout firm  Corporation, a leading 
Trustee since 1985 and  focused on the worldwide energy industry. Serves as a  independent natural gas 
Chairman since 2000  Trustee and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Sarah  and oil exploration and 
  Lawrence College. Also a member of the Advisory Board  production company 
  of the Millstein Center for Corporate Governance and   
  Performance at the Yale School of Management.   

 

34



Name     
Year of birth     
Position held  Principal occupations during past five years  Other directorships 

Paul L. Joskow  Economist and President of the Alfred P. Sloan  TransCanada 
Born 1947  Foundation, a philanthropic institution focused primarily  Corporation, an energy 
Trustee since 1997  on research and education on issues related to science,  company focused on 
  technology, and economic performance. Elizabeth and  natural gas transmission 
  James Killian Professor of Economics and Management,  and power services; 
  Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Exelon Corporation, an 
  (MIT). Prior to 2007, served as the Director of the Center  energy company focused 
  for Energy and Environmental Policy Research at MIT.  on power services 

Kenneth R. Leibler  Founder and former Chairman of Boston Options  Northeast Utilities, 
Born 1949  Exchange, an electronic marketplace for the trading  which operates New 
Trustee since 2006  of derivative securities. Vice Chairman of the Board of  England’s largest energy 
  Trustees of Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital in Boston,  delivery system 
Massachusetts. Until November 2010, director of Ruder
Finn Group, a global communications and advertising firm.

Robert E. Patterson  Senior Partner of Cabot Properties, LP and Co-Chairman  None 
Born 1945  of Cabot Properties, Inc., a private equity firm investing in   
Trustee since 1984  commercial real estate. Past Chairman and Trustee of the   
  Joslin Diabetes Center.   

George Putnam, III  Chairman of New Generation Research, Inc., a publisher  None 
Born 1951  of financial advisory and other research services, and   
Trustee since 1984  founder and President of New Generation Advisors, LLC,   
  a registered investment advisor to private funds.   
Director of The Boston Family Office, LLC, a registered
  investment advisor.   

W. Thomas Stephens  Retired as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Boise  TransCanada 
Born 1942  Cascade, LLC, a paper, forest products, and timberland  Corporation, an energy 
Trustee from 1997 to 2008  assets company, in December 2008.  company focused on 
and since 2009    natural gas transmission 
    and power services 

Richard B. Worley  Managing Partner of Permit Capital LLC, an investment  Neuberger Berman, 
Born 1945  management firm. Serves as a Trustee of the University of  an investment 
Trustee since 2004  Pennsylvania Medical Center, the Robert Wood Johnson  management firm 
  Foundation, a philanthropic organization devoted to   
health-care issues, and the National Constitution Center.
  Also serves as a Director of the Colonial Williamsburg   
Foundation, a historical preservation organization, and as
  Chairman of the Philadelphia Orchestra Association.   

Interested Trustee     

Robert L. Reynolds*  President and Chief Executive Officer of Putnam  None 
Born 1952  Investments since 2008. Prior to joining Putnam   
Trustee since 2008 and  Investments, served as Vice Chairman and Chief   
President of the Putnam  Operating Officer of Fidelity Investments from   
Funds since July 2009  2000 to 2007.   

 

The address of each Trustee is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

As of September 30, 2010, there were 104 Putnam funds. All Trustees serve as Trustees of all Putnam funds.

Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term, until his or her resignation, retirement at age 72, removal, or death.

* Mr. Reynolds is an “interested person” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940) of the fund, Putnam Management, and/or Putnam Retail Management. He is President and Chief Executive Officer of Putnam Investments, as well as the President of your fund and each of the other Putnam funds.

35



Officers

In addition to Robert L. Reynolds, the other officers of the fund are shown below:

Jonathan S. Horwitz (Born 1955)  Francis J. McNamara, III (Born 1955) 
Executive Vice President, Principal Executive  Vice President and Chief Legal Officer 
Officer, Treasurer and Compliance Liaison  Since 2004 
Since 2004  Senior Managing Director, Putnam Investments 
Senior Vice President and Treasurer,  and Putnam Management 
The Putnam Funds 
James P. Pappas (Born 1953)
Steven D. Krichmar (Born 1958)  Vice President 
Vice President and Principal Financial Officer  Since 2004 
Since 2002  Managing Director, Putnam Investments and 
Senior Managing Director, Putnam Investments  Putnam Management 
and Putnam Management 
Judith Cohen (Born 1945)
Janet C. Smith (Born 1965)  Vice President, Clerk and Assistant Treasurer 
Vice President, Assistant Treasurer and Principal  Since 1993 
Accounting Officer  Vice President, Clerk and Assistant Treasurer, 
Since 2007  The Putnam Funds 
Managing Director, Putnam Investments and 
Putnam Management  Michael Higgins (Born 1976)
Vice President, Senior Associate Treasurer and
Beth S. Mazor (Born 1958)  Assistant Clerk 
Vice President  Since 2010 
Since 2002  Manager of Finance, Dunkin’ Brands (2008– 
Managing Director, Putnam Investments and  2010); Senior Financial Analyst, Old Mutual Asset 
Putnam Management  Management (2007–2008); Senior Financial 
Analyst, Putnam Investments (1999–2007)
Robert R. Leveille (Born 1969) 
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer  Nancy E. Florek (Born 1957) 
Since 2007  Vice President, Assistant Clerk, 
Managing Director, Putnam Investments,  Assistant Treasurer and Proxy Manager 
Putnam Management and Putnam  Since 2000 
Retail Management  Vice President, Assistant Clerk, 
Assistant Treasurer and Proxy Manager,
Mark C. Trenchard (Born 1962)  The Putnam Funds
Vice President and BSA Compliance Officer 
Since 2002  Susan G. Malloy (Born 1957) 
Managing Director, Putnam Investments and  Vice President and Assistant Treasurer 
Putnam Retail Management  Since 2007 
  Managing Director, Putnam Management 

 

The principal occupations of the officers for the past five years have been with the employers as shown above although in some cases, they have held different positions with such employers. The address of each Officer is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

36



Fund information

Founded over 70 years ago, Putnam Investments was built around the concept that a balance between risk and reward is the hallmark of a well-rounded financial program. We manage over 100 funds across income, value, blend, growth, asset allocation, absolute return, and global sector categories.

Investment Manager  Myra R. Drucker  Mark C. Trenchard 
Putnam Investment  Paul L. Joskow  Vice President and 
Management, LLC  Kenneth R. Leibler  BSA Compliance Officer 
One Post Office Square  Robert E. Patterson   
Boston, MA 02109  George Putnam, III  Francis J. McNamara, III 
  Robert L. Reynolds  Vice President and 
Investment Sub-Manager  W. Thomas Stephens  Chief Legal Officer 
Putnam Investments Limited  Richard B. Worley   
57–59 St James’s Street    James P. Pappas 
London, England SW1A 1LD  Officers  Vice President 
  Robert L. Reynolds   
Marketing Services  President Judith Cohen 
Putnam Retail Management Vice President, Clerk and
One Post Office Square Jonathan S. Horwitz Assistant Treasurer
Boston, MA 02109 Executive Vice President,
  Principal Executive Michael Higgins
Custodian Officer, Treasurer and Vice President, Senior Associate
State Street Bank Compliance Liaison Treasurer and Assistant Clerk
and Trust Company  
  Steven D. Krichmar Nancy E. Florek
Legal Counsel Vice President and Vice President, Assistant Clerk,
Ropes & Gray LLP Principal Financial Officer Assistant Treasurer and
    Proxy Manager
Independent Registered Janet C. Smith
Public Accounting Firm Vice President, Assistant Susan G. Malloy
KPMG LLP Treasurer and Principal Vice President and
  Accounting Officer Assistant Treasurer
Trustees  
John A. Hill, Chairman Beth S. Mazor  
Jameson A. Baxter, Vice President
Vice Chairman
Ravi Akhoury Robert R. Leveille  
Barbara M. Baumann Vice President and
Charles B. Curtis Chief Compliance Officer  
Robert J. Darretta  
 
 
 
   

 

This report is for the information of shareholders of Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund. It may also be used as sales literature when preceded or accompanied by the current prospectus, the most recent copy of Putnam’s Quarterly Performance Summary, and Putnam’s Quarterly Ranking Summary. For more recent performance, please visit putnam.com. Investors should carefully consider the investment objective, risks, charges, and expenses of a fund, which are described in its prospectus. For this and other information or to request a prospectus, or a summary prospectus if available, call 1-800-225-1581 toll free. Please read the prospectus carefully before investing. The fund’s Statement of Additional Information contains additional information about the fund’s Trustees and is available without charge upon request by calling 1-800-225-1581.






Item 2. Code of Ethics:

(a) The fund’s principal executive, financial and accounting officers are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the Fund's investment manager. As such they are subject to a comprehensive Code of Ethics adopted and administered by Putnam Investments which is designed to protect the interests of the firm and its clients. The Fund has adopted a Code of Ethics which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments with respect to all of its officers and Trustees who are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC. For this reason, the Fund has not adopted a separate code of ethics governing its principal executive, financial and accounting officers.

(c) In May 2008, the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investment Management, LLC was updated in its entirety to include the amendments adopted in August 2007 as well as a several additional technical, administrative and non-substantive changes. In May of 2009, the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investment Management, LLC was amended to reflect that all employees will now be subject to a 90-day blackout restriction on holding Putnam open-end funds, except for portfolio managers and their supervisors (and each of their immediate family members), who will be subject to a one-year blackout restriction on the funds that they manage or supervise. In June 2010, the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments was updated in its entirety to include the amendments adopted in May of 2009 and to change certain rules and limits contained in the Code of Ethics. In addition, the updated Code of Ethics included numerous technical, administrative and non - -substantive changes, which were intended primarily to make the document easier to navigate and understand.

Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert:

The Funds' Audit and Compliance Committee is comprised solely of Trustees who are "independent" (as such term has been defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") in regulations implementing Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (the "Regulations")). The Trustees believe that each of the members of the Audit and Compliance Committee also possess a combination of knowledge and experience with respect to financial accounting matters, as well as other attributes, that qualify them for service on the Committee. In addition, the Trustees have determined that each of Mr. Patterson, Mr. Leibler, Mr. Hill, Mr. Darretta and Ms. Baumann qualifies as an "audit committee financial expert" (as such term has been defined by the Regulations) based on their review of his or her pertinent experience and education. The SEC has stated that the designation or identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert pursuant to this Item 3 of Form N- CSR does not impose on such person any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations and liability imposed on such person as a member of the Audit and Compliance Committee and the Board of Trustees in the absence of such designation or identification.

Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services:

The following table presents fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for services rendered to the fund by the fund’s independent auditor:

Fiscal    Audit-     
year  Audit  Related  Tax  All Other 
ended  Fees  Fees  Fees  Fees 
 
September 30, 2010  $41,281  $--  $3,150  $-- 
September 30, 2009*  $46,750  $--  $3,150  $-- 

 



* The fund commenced operations on April 13, 2009.

For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2010 and September 30, 2009, the fund’s independent auditor billed aggregate non-audit fees in the amounts of $ 3,150 and $3,150 respectively, to the fund, Putnam Management and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with Putnam Management that provides ongoing services to the fund.

Audit Fees represent fees billed for the fund's last two fiscal years relating to the audit and review of the financial statements included in annual reports and registration statements,and other services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

Audit-Related Fees represent fees billed in the fund’s last two fiscal years for services traditionally performed by the fund’s auditor, including accounting consultation for proposed transactions or concerning financial accounting and reporting standards and other audit or attest services not required by statute or regulation.

Tax Fees represent fees billed in the fund’s last two fiscal years for tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice services. Tax planning and tax advice services include assistance with tax audits, employee benefit plans and requests for rulings or technical advice from taxing authorities.

Pre-Approval Policies of the Audit and Compliance Committee. The Audit and Compliance Committee of the Putnam funds has determined that, as a matter of policy, all work performed for the funds by the funds’ independent auditors will be pre-approved by the Committee itself and thus will generally not be subject to pre-approval procedures.

The Audit and Compliance Committee also has adopted a policy to pre-approve the engagement by Putnam Management and certain of its affiliates of the funds’ independent auditors, even in circumstances where pre-approval is not required by applicable law. Any such requests by Putnam Management or certain of its affiliates are typically submitted in writing to the Committee and explain, among other things, the nature of the proposed engagement, the estimated fees, and why this work should be performed by that particular audit firm as opposed to another one. In reviewing such requests, the Committee considers, among other things, whether the provision of such services by the audit firm are compatible with the independence of the audit firm.

The following table presents fees billed by the fund’s independent auditor for services required to be approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

Fiscal  Audit-    All  Total 
year  Related  Tax  Other  Non-Audit 
ended  Fees  Fees  Fees  Fees 
 
September 30, 2010  $ -  $ -  $ -  $ - 
September 30, 2009  $ -  $ -  $ -  $ - 

 

Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants

Not applicable

Item 6. Schedule of Investments:



The registrant’s schedule of investments in unaffiliated issuers is included in the report to shareholders in Item 1 above.

Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures For Closed-End Management Investment Companies:

Not applicable

Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Investment Companies

Not Applicable

Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Companies and Affiliated Purchasers:

Not applicable

Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders:

Not applicable

Item 11. Controls and Procedures:

(a) The registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report, that the design and operation of such procedures are generally effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms.

(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting: Not applicable

Item 12. Exhibits:

(a)(1) The Code of Ethics of The Putnam Funds, which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments, is filed herewith.

(a)(2) Separate certifications for the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the registrant as required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.

(b) The certifications required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Putnam Funds Trust

By (Signature and Title):



/s/Janet C. Smith
Janet C. Smith
Principal Accounting Officer

Date: November 24, 2010

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

By (Signature and Title):

/s/Jonathan S. Horwitz
Jonathan S. Horwitz
Principal Executive Officer

Date: November 24, 2010

By (Signature and Title):

/s/Steven D. Krichmar
Steven D. Krichmar
Principal Financial Officer

Date: November 24, 2010


EX-99.CERT 2 b_momaliqcerts.htm EX-99.CERT b_momaliqcerts.htm

Certifications

I, Jonathan S. Horwitz, the Principal Executive Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:

1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:

2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant's auditors and the audit committee of each registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant's internal control over financial reporting.



Date: November 24, 2010

/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
_______________________
Jonathan S. Horwitz
Principal Executive Officer



Certifications

I, Steven D. Krichmar, the Principal Financial Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:

1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:

2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant's auditors and the audit committee of each registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 24, 2010



/s/ Steven D. Krichmar
_______________________
Steven D. Krichmar
Principal Financial Officer



Attachment A
N-CSR
Period (s) ended September 30, 2010 

 

Putnam Master Intermediate Income Trust
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam American Government Income Fund
Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam International Growth Fund
Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust
Putnam Money Market Fund
Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
Putnam Diversified Income Trust
Putnam Asset Allocation: Balanced Portfolio
Putnam Asset Allocation: Growth Portfolio
Putnam Asset Allocation: Conservative Portfolio


EX-99.906 CERT 3 c_momaliqcertnos.htm EX-99.906 CERT c_momaliqcertnos.htm

Section 906 Certifications

I, Jonathan S. Horwitz, the Principal Executive Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:

1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended September 30, 2010 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended September 30, 2010 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.

Date: November 24, 2010

/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
______________________
Jonathan S. Horwitz
Principal Executive Officer



Section 906 Certifications

I, Steven D. Krichmar, the Principal Financial Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:

1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended September 30, 2010 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended September 30, 2010 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.

Date: November 24, 2010

/s/ Steven D. Krichmar
______________________
Steven D. Krichmar
Principal Financial Officer



Attachment A
N-CSR
Period (s) ended September 30, 2010 

 

Putnam Master Intermediate Income Trust
Putnam California Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam American Government Income Fund
Putnam Tax Exempt Income Fund
Putnam International Growth Fund
Putnam U.S. Government Income Trust
Putnam Money Market Fund
Putnam Money Market Liquidity Fund
Putnam Tax Exempt Money Market Fund
Putnam Diversified Income Trust
Putnam Asset Allocation: Balanced Portfolio
Putnam Asset Allocation: Growth Portfolio
Putnam Asset Allocation: Conservative Portfolio


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working@PUTNAM  JUNE 2010 
 

Putnam’s

Code of Ethics


[Graphic omitted: Portrait of Samuel Putnam]


[Graphic omitted: Putnam Investments logo]



Putnam Investments Code of Ethics

Putnam Investments is required by law to adopt a Code of Ethics (the “Code”). The objective of the Code is to ensure that Putnam’s employees comply with all applicable laws and avoid any conflict of interest that might result in any harm to our clients. Putnam owes a fiduciary duty to its clients. This Code of Ethics is designed to strengthen the trust and confidence our clients place in us and to demonstrate that our clients’ interests come first.

Adherence to the Code is a fundamental condition of employment at Putnam. Every employee is expected to adhere to the requirements of the Code. Any employee failing to do so may be subject to disciplinary action, including financial penalties and termination of employment, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer, the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee, or the Chief Executive Officer of Putnam Investments.

1 


Table of Contents

Putnam Investments Code of Ethics  1 
 
Definitions  3 
 
Section 1 — Personal Securities Rules for All Employees  5 
1.1. Pre-clearance Requirements  5 
1.2. Restricted List  6 
1.3. Prohibited Transactions  6 
 
Section 2 — Putnam Mutual Funds  7 
2.1. Holding Putnam Mutual Fund Shares at Putnam  7 
2.2. Putnam Mutual Funds — Employee Holding Periods and Linked Accounts  7 
2.3. Putnam Mutual Funds — Closed-End Fund Rules  8 
 
Section 3 — Additional Rules for Access Persons and Certain Investment Professionals  8 
3.1. 60-Day Short-Term Rule — All Access Persons  8 
3.2. 7-Day Pre-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)  8 
3.3. 7-Day Post-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)  9 
3.4. Contra-Trading Rule (Portfolio Managers and Team Leaders)  9 
3.5. No Personal Benefit (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)  9 
 
Section 4 — Reporting Requirements  9 
4.1. Brokerage/Securities Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements  9 
4.2. Separate Provisions for Brokerage/Securities Accounts That Are   
Professionally Managed (Discretionary) Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements  10 
4.3. Account Confirmations and Statements  10 
 
Section 5 — Additional Reporting, Certification, and Training Requirements  10 
5.1. Initial/Annual Holdings Report — Access Persons Only  10 
5.2. Quarterly Transaction Report — Access Persons Only  10 
5.3. Annual Certification — All Employees  11 
5.4. Training Requirements — All Employees  11 
5.5. Maintenance and Distribution of the Code of Ethics  11 
5.6. Procedures and Timeliness  11 
 
Section 6 — General Ethics Rules for All Employees  11 
6.1. Outside Business Activities  11 
6.2. Charitable or Non-profit Roles/Role as Trustee or Fiduciary Outside Putnam Investments  12 
6.3. Family Members’ Conflict Policy  12 
6.4. CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct  12 
6.5. Business Ethics, Ombudsman, and Hotlines  13 
 
Section 7 — Insider Trading  13 
7.1. Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading  13 
7.2. Reporting and Restrictions  13 
7.3. Special Provisions Applicable to Putnam Affiliates  14 
7.4. PIL Employees  14 
 
Section 8 — Sanctions  14 
8.1. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 1–3  14 
8.2. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 4–6  14 
8.3. Sanctions for Violations of Section 7  14 
 
Section 9 — Procedures for Determinations and Exemptions  15 
 
Appendix A — Contra-Trading Rule Clearance Form  16 

2 


Definitions

Access Person Putnam has identified certain employees as Access Persons due to their position or access to investment information. Access Persons are held to a higher standard under the Code than other employees. Please ask the Code of Ethics Officer if you have any question whether you are an Access Person. The following employees are Access Persons:

• All employees of Putnam’s Investment Management Division

• Employees of the Operations Division within the following specific groups and departments:

» Fund Administration Group

» Investment Services and Operations Group

» Accounting Services Group

» Custody Services Group

• Senior Managing Directors and Managing Directors in:

» Mutual Fund Shareholder Services Group

» Accounting, Custody, and Control Services Group

» Global Marketing and Products Division

» Global Distribution Division

• All members of Putnam’s Operating Committee

• All employees of Putnam Investments Limited (PIL) and all other Putnam employees based in Europe

• All directors and officers of a registered investment advisor affiliate, e.g., Putnam Investment Management, LLC (PIM), or The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC (PAC)

• All employees who have access to My Putnam (unless access is limited to the Wall Street Journal, Factiva, or other systems that do not allow access to non-public information about Putnam products, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer)

• Employees who have systems access or other access to non-public information about any client’s purchase or sale of securities or to information regarding portfolio holdings or recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales

• Others as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer

Approved Indices means any securities index (which is typically a broad-based index) determined by the Code of Ethics Officer to present minimal risks of abuse. All Approved Indices are posted on the Putnam Compliance intranet homepage and the Code of Ethics PTA system.

Closed-end fund means a fund that has a fixed number of shares outstanding and does not redeem its shares. Closed-end funds typically trade like stocks on an exchange.

The Code of Ethics Officer and the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer are responsible for enforcing and interpreting the Code. The following are the current members of the Code of Ethics staff, each of whom can answer employee questions and provide other assistance regarding the Code:

Code of Ethics Officer:  Bob Leveille  (617) 760-1858 

Deputy Code of Ethics Officer:  Rick DeGregorio  (617) 760-1201 

Compliance Analyst:  Dana Scribner-Shea  (617) 760-7182 


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Code of Ethics Oversight Committee has oversight responsibility for administering the Code of Ethics. Members include the Code of Ethics Officer and other members of Putnam’s senior management appointed by the Chief Executive Officer of Putnam. The Committee reviews and approves Code revisions, violations, and sanctions. In certain instances, requests for exemptions may require the approval of the Committee. The Committee meets on a quarterly basis or as otherwise necessary.

Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) means a fund (other than a closed-end fund) that can be traded on an exchange throughout the day like a stock. ETFs often track an index. Examples include (but are not limited to) SPDRs, WEBs, QQQQs, iShares, and HLDRs.

Immediate Family means the Putnam employee’s spouse, domestic partner, fiancé(e), or other family members who are living in the same household. Immediate Family also includes any other family members, including in-laws, for whom the Putnam employee can exercise investment discretion, regardless of whether or not they live in the same household.

Private Placement means any offering of a security not offered to the public and not requiring registration with the relevant securities authorities.

Putnam means any or all of Putnam Investments, LLC and its subsidiaries (other than PanAgora Asset Management, Inc.), any one of which shall be a Putnam company.

Putnam employee, or employee, means any employee of Putnam and, for purposes of all rules in Sections 1, 2, and 3, also includes the following:

• Members of the Immediate Family of a Putnam employee;

• Any trust in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member is a trustee with investment discretion;

• Any account for a partnership in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member is a general partner or a partner with investment discretion;

• Any closely held entity (such as a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation) in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member holds a controlling interest and with respect to which he or she has investment discretion;

• Any account (including any retirement, pension, deferred compensation, or similar account) in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member has a substantial economic interest and over which the Putnam employee or Immediate Family member exercises investment discretion;

• Any account other than a Putnam client account that receives investment advice of any sort from the employee or Immediate Family member, or as to which the employee or Immediate Family member has investment discretion.

Security The instruments required to be pre-cleared under Section 1.1 are considered to be securities for purposes of this Code and are also required to be reported by Access Persons under Section 4. In addition, transactions in exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded notes (ETNs), exchange-traded commodities (ETCs), options, futures, and other derivative securities are required to be reported by Access Persons under Section 4, even for those instruments that are not required to be pre-cleared pursuant to Section 1.1(c).

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Section 1 — Personal Securities Rules for All Employees

Putnam maintains the Code of Ethics PTA system to assist employees in fulfilling their obligations under the Code of Ethics. This system can be accessed by selecting the Code of Ethics PTA link, which appears on Putnam’s intranet page in the Secure Information Section under My Essentials. This system allows the automated pre-clearance of publicly traded equities and other securities trading on major U.S. and other exchanges. To pre-clear an options contract for a publicly traded security, pre-clear the underlying security in the Code of Ethics PTA system. To request clearance to trade bonds or other securities, you must contact the Code of Ethics staff. Pre-clearance hours are 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST.

1.1. Pre-clearance Requirements

1.1(a) Employees must pre-clear all trades in the following securities:

• Stocks of companies

• Bonds (including corporate, municipal, high-yield, and convertible bonds)

• Options, warrants, and all other derivatives of any underlying securities which themselves require pre-clearance. Examples include options and futures based on specific stocks or based on indices that are not Approved Indices (see “Definitions” section)

• Exchange-traded funds (ETFs ) other than those based on Approved Indices or based on other instruments listed below (under Section 1.1(c)) that do not require pre-clearance

• Exchange-traded notes (ETNs) other than those based on Approved Indices

• Closed-end funds, including Putnam closed-end funds

Employees must also pre-clear the following transactions:

• Private placements and purchases of hedge funds or other private investment funds must receive pre-approval from the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee

• Donating or gifting of securities

• Shares purchased by subscription or by mail (if purchasing directly from a company’s transfer agent by check, you must pre-clear the day the check is to be mailed)

• Tendering securities from your personal account

1.1(b) Provisions Applicable to Pre-Clearances

A pre-clearance is only valid for trading on the day it is obtained. However, trades by employees in Putnam’s Asian or European offices, or trades by any employees in securities listed on Asian or European stock exchanges, may be executed within one business day after pre-clearance is obtained. If the Code of Ethics system does not recognize a security, if an employee is unable to use the system, or if he or she has any questions with respect to the system or pre-clearance, the employee must contact the Code of Ethics staff.

1.1(c) Exceptions from Pre-Clearance Requirements

Pre-clearance is not required for certain transactions. (Please note that reporting may still be required for Access Persons even when pre-clearance is not required. See Sections 4 and 5 for reporting requirements.)

Pre-clearance is not required for:

• Open-end mutual funds

• Currencies

• Commodities

• Treasury securities and other U.S. and other sovereign government debt (Please note that agency securities, such as securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, require pre-clearance.)

• Certificates of deposit (CDs), commercial paper, repurchase agreements, bankers’ acceptances, and other money market instruments

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• Options and futures and all other derivatives of securities not requiring pre-clearance (Please note that examples include options and futures based on Approved Indices (see Definitions) and Treasury futures.)

• ETFs and ETNs based on Approved Indices

• Exchange-traded commodities (ETCs)

• Withdrawals or distributions from a Putnam Retirement Plan that result in the sale of MMC stock

• Trades in approved discretionary accounts (see Section 4.2 for additional information)

• Transactions that are involuntary (i.e., not initiated by the employee or an immediate family member covered under the Code), including dividend reinvestments under an automatic program of a publicly traded issuer and broker actions not initiated by the employee, such as option assignments or sales out of the brokerage account to cover fees or margin calls (provided the employee may not have withdrawn funds from the margin account in the prior 10 days)

1.2. Restricted List

Employees may not trade in securities that are on Putnam’s restricted list, except as set forth below under “Large-/Mid-Cap Exemption.” There are a number of reasons why a security may appear on the Restricted List, and securities are placed on the Restricted List under criteria, and in specific circumstances, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer or the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee. If a security is not on the Restricted List, other classes of securities of the same issuer (e.g., preferred or convertible preferred stock) may be on the Restricted List. It is the employee’s responsibility to identify with particularity the class of securities being pre-cleared.

Large-/Mid-Cap Exemption. An employee may trade up to 1,000 shares of a security appearing on the Restricted List if it is an equity security of an issuer with a market capitalization greater than $2 billion. However, these transactions must still be pre-cleared. Market capitalization is defined as outstanding shares multiplied by current price per share.

1.3. Prohibited Transactions

The following transactions and activities are prohibited for all employees:

1. Good-Until-Canceled Orders (GTC). Any order not executed on the day of pre-clearance must be resubmitted for pre-clearance before being executed on a subsequent day.

2. Short sales of any security that is subject to pre-clearance requirements. However, short sales against the box are permitted. In addition, opening an option position that would result in a short position in the underlying security upon assignment or expiration is also prohibited. For example, buying a put option without owning a number of shares at least equal to the delivery obligation under the contract, or selling a naked call option, would be prohibited.

3. Purchasing securities in an initial public offering (IPO). Although exceptions from this prohibition will rarely be granted, employees may request an exemption from the Code of Ethics Officer, who may grant exceptions in unusual cases such as when an immediate family member’s association or employment with the issuer warrants consideration or when the employee has had a pre-existing status for at least two years as a policyholder or depositor in connection with a bank or insurance company conversion from mutual or cooperative form to stock form.

4. Trading with Material Non-public Information (see Section 7)

5. Personal Trading with Putnam Client Portfolios. Putnam employees may not buy or sell securities when the employee knows a Putnam client account is on the other side of the trade.

6. Participating in an Investment Club

7. Spread Betting. PIL employees may not enter into any spread betting contracts on financial instruments.

8. Excessive Trading. Employees are prohibited from making more than 10 trades in individual securities in any given quarter across all their accounts (including accounts held by Immediate Family members). For purposes of applying this rule, securities that are required to be pre-cleared shall be the only securities counted, and trading the same security in the same direction (buy or sell) over a period of five business days will be counted as one transaction.

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Section 2 — Putnam Mutual Funds

2.1. Holding Putnam Mutual Fund Shares at Putnam

Putnam employees must hold shares of Putnam open-end U.S. mutual funds through accounts maintained at Putnam, with Putnam Retail Management (PRM) listed as the dealer of record. All transactions must be executed through Putnam and not through an outside broker or other intermediary.

These requirements also apply to:

• Self-directed IRA accounts holding Putnam fund shares;

• Variable annuities and variable insurance contracts, such as Putnam/Hartford Capital Manager and Allstate Advisor, which invest in Putnam Variable Trusts (must list PRM as dealer but may be held at the insurer).

In limited circumstances, retirement, pension, deferred compensation, and similar accounts (and variable insurance arrangements) that cannot be legally transferred to Putnam may be allowed to hold Putnam funds upon approval of the Code of Ethics Officer. For example, a spouse of a Putnam employee may have a 401(k)/ Profit Sharing Plan with his or her employer that invests in Putnam funds. The employee must notify the Code of Ethics Officer in writing, provide the reason why the account cannot be transferred to Putnam, and arrange for a quarterly statement of transactions in such account to be sent to the Code of Ethics staff, if approved.

2.2. Putnam Mutual Funds — Employee Holding Periods and Linked Accounts

Employees may not, within a 90-calendar day period, make a purchase followed by a sale or a sale followed by a purchase of shares of the same open-end Putnam mutual fund, even if the transactions occur in different accounts.

Employees who have sole or shared supervisory or portfolio management responsibility for a Putnam open-end mutual fund or a U.S. registered mutual fund to which Putnam acts as advisor or sub-advisor may not, within a one-year period, make a purchase followed by a sale or a sale followed by a purchase of shares of such fund, even if the transactions occur in different accounts.

All employees are required to ensure that their Immediate Family members’ accounts holding Putnam mutual funds are linked to comply with the disclosure and holding period requirements. To ensure these accounts are linked, log on to Putnam’s intranet home page at http://intranet/home/index.shtml, and select My Essentials/Linked Mutual Fund Accounts.

The above holding period restrictions do not apply to:

• 401(k)/Profit Sharing (or other employee benefit plan) contributions, withdrawals, loans, or distributions, including employer contributions or forfeitures to an employee’s account. However, exchanges within these accounts are subject to these holding period restrictions.

• Putnam’s Money Market Funds or Putnam Stable Value Fund

• Systematic investments, exchanges, or redemptions and payroll deductions. However, once these programs are established/revised, they may not be changed again for 90 days. Employees subject to a one-year holding period with respect to a fund may establish a semiannual or annual automatic rebalancing program, although it may only be changed on an annual basis.

• Dividend reinvestments, distributions, fund mergers, and share class conversions

• Qualified redemptions (i.e., from the Putnam CollegeAdvantage 529 Plan for matters such as tuition, school fees, books, supplies, and equipment required by the school, room and board, disability, and death)

In special situations, such as financial hardship or disability, an exemption from the holding period requirements may be provided by the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee upon written application by the employee.

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2.3. Putnam Mutual Funds — Closed-End Fund Rules

2.3(a) Pre-clearance and Reporting. Putnam closed-end fund shares are subject to the same pre-clearance and reporting requirements as other stocks. A list of the Putnam closed-end funds can be obtained from the Code of Ethics staff.

2.3(b) Special Rules Applicable to Managing Directors in the Investment Division, Operating Committee members, and officers of the Putnam Funds. Managing Directors in Putnam’s Investment Division, Putnam Operating Committee members, and officers of the Putnam Funds will not receive clearance to engage in any combination of purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the shares of a given closed-end fund within six months of each other. Therefore, purchases should be made only if you intend to hold the shares more than six months, and sales should not be made if you plan to purchase more shares of that fund within six months.

Section 3 — Additional Rules for Access Persons and Certain Investment Professionals

3.1. 60-Day Short-Term Rule — All Access Persons

Access Persons may not sell a security at a price higher than any price paid for that security within the past 60 calendar days, or buy a security at a price below which he or she sold it within the past 60 days. This rule applies to transactions across all accounts of the employee. All trades for the previous 60 days will be compared to the trade date for the transaction in question to determine whether a violation has occurred. Thus, if an employee buys a security for $10, buys it again for $15, and then sells shares of this security for $12, this will be considered a violation even though some shares of the security in question were bought for a higher price. Access Persons may also not open an option transaction for a contract that expires in 60 days or less. Although portfolio managers and analysts may sell securities at a profit within 60 days of purchase in order to comply with the requirements of the 7-Day Pre-Trade and 7-Day Post-Trade Rules ( described below), any profit must be disgorged to charity.

3.2. 7-Day Pre-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

3.2(a) Portfolio Managers: (i) Before a portfolio manager places an order to buy a security for any Putnam client portfolio that he manages, he must sell that security or related derivative security if he has purchased it in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days; or (ii) upon entering an order to sell a security for any Putnam client portfolio that he manages, he must disgorge to charity any losses avoided if he sold the security in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days. Disgorgements will be measured by the difference between the selling price for the personal account and the selling price for the client account, multiplied by the number of shares sold for the personal account.

3.2(b) Analysts: (i) Before an analyst makes a purchase or an outperform recommendation for a security (including designation of a security for inclusion in the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund), he must sell that security or related derivative security if he has purchased it in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days; or (ii) upon making a sell or an underperform recommendation for a security (including designation of a security for sale from the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund), he must disgorge to charity any losses avoided if he sold the security in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days. Disgorgements will be measured by the difference between the selling price for the personal account and the price at the time that the recommendation is made, multiplied by the number of shares sold for the personal account.

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3.3. 7-Day Post-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

3.3(a) Portfolio Managers: No portfolio manager shall: (i) sell any security or related derivative security for her personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of the most recent purchase of that security or related derivative security by any Putnam client portfolio she manages or co-manages; or (ii) purchase any security or related derivative security for her personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of the most recent sale of that security or related derivative security from any Putnam client portfolio that she manages or co-manages.

3.3(b) Analysts: No analyst shall: (i) sell any security or related derivative security for his personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of his most recent buy or outperform recommendation for that security or related derivative security (including designation of a security for inclusion in the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund); or (ii) purchase any security or related derivative security for his personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of his most recent sell or underperform recommendation for that security or related derivative security (including the removal of a security from the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund).

3.4. Contra-Trading Rule (Portfolio Managers and Team Leaders)

3.4(a) Portfolio Managers: No portfolio manager shall, without prior clearance and written approval, sell in his personal account any securities or related derivative securities that are held in any Putnam client portfolio that he manages or co-manages (see Appendix A for the Contra-Trading Rule Clearance Form).

3.4(b) Team Leaders: No Team Leader within the Investment Division shall, without prior clearance and written approval, sell in his personal account any securities or related derivative securities that are held in any Putnam client portfolio managed in his team (see Appendix A for the Contra-Trading Rule Clearance Form).

3.5. No Personal Benefit (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

No portfolio manager shall cause, and no analyst shall recommend, an action that would cause a Putnam client to take action for the portfolio manager’s or analyst’s own personal benefit. A portfolio manager who trades in, or an analyst who recommends, particular securities for a Putnam client account in order to support the price of securities in his personal account, or who “front runs” a Putnam client order, is in violation of this Rule.

Section 4 — Reporting Requirements

4.1. Brokerage/Securities Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements

All employees (on their own behalf and on behalf of their Immediate Family members) are required to report the existence of any accounts which have the capability of purchasing any securities. This Rule includes all brokerage accounts, accounts held directly at an issuer’s transfer agent, and securities held in physical certificate form by an employee or any Immediate Family member of the employee. The only investment accounts excluded from this rule are accounts that are only permitted to hold open-end mutual funds (other than Putnam open-end funds) and no other investments.

To satisfy this requirement, a new employee must enter the requested information in the Code of Ethics PTA system within the required time frame below:

• Access Persons — within 10 days of hire

• Non-access Persons — within 30 days of hire

Existing employees opening a new account (including accounts being opened for Immediate Family members) must disclose them in the system in advance of the first personal securities transaction in the account.

All employees will be required to certify annually that all accounts requiring disclosure are accurately listed in the Code of Ethics PTA system.

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4.2. Separate Provisions for Brokerage/Securities Accounts That Are Professionally Managed (Discretionary) Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements

If you wish to establish a professionally managed or discretionary account (including professionally managed or discretionary accounts being opened for Immediate Family members), where you completely turn over decision-making authority to a professional money manager who is not subject to this Code, you must disclose the existence of the account and receive approval from the Code of Ethics staff in advance of the first personal securities transaction. You do not need to pre-clear or report securities transactions in these accounts. Please note a discretionary account may not purchase an IPO or hold Putnam open-end mutual funds.

The broker or advisor maintaining discretion over the account may not be a family member of the Putnam employee.

In order for the account to be considered discretionary, the employee must:

1. Complete an initial certification (as well as annual certifications each year) in which both the employee and the broker/advisor certify that the Putnam employee does not participate in investment decisions on the account; and

2. Ensure that copies of broker statements are delivered to Putnam Investments.

4.3. Account Confirmations and Statements

All employees are required to ensure that copies of all confirmations and statements are delivered to Putnam for all accounts described in Section 4.1 above, and to ensure that copies of all statements (but not confirmations) are delivered to Putnam for all discretionary accounts described in Section 4.2. When the employee discloses the account as required, the Code of Ethics staff will issue a 407 letter, or other communication to the entity where the employee’s account is held, requesting that confirmations and statements be sent to Putnam on the employee’s behalf. However, it is ultimately the employee’s responsibility to ensure his or her broker has complied with this request.

If it is discovered these reports are not being delivered to Putnam, the Code of Ethics staff will bring this issue to the employee’s attention and request he or she assist in rectifying the issue. If it is determined that a broker has failed to comply with requests to deliver these reports, Putnam reserves the right to require the employee to close the account within 30 days by transferring the account to another dealer willing to comply with this requirement (any trades as a result of a transfer must be pre-cleared).

Section 5 — Additional Reporting, Certification, and Training Requirements

5.1. Initial/Annual Holdings Report — Access Persons Only

Access Persons must disclose their securities holdings, including all holdings for Immediate Family member accounts, within 10 days of hire (or within 10 days of becoming an Access Person) and then on an annual basis thereafter (within 45 days after the end of the year). The report of securities holdings must include all securities that require pre-clearance under Section 1.1, as well as holdings in non-U.S. sovereign government debt, ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures and other derivative securities, and holdings of Putnam open-end U.S. mutual funds not held through a Putnam account and U.S. registered mutual funds to which Putnam acts as advisor or sub-advisor (see Section 4).

5.2. Quarterly Transaction Report — Access Persons Only

Access Persons must disclose and certify all of their personal securities transactions, including transactions for Immediate Family member accounts, within 20 calendar days following the end of each quarter. In addition to the securities requiring pre-clearance under Section 1.1, Access Persons are also required to disclose and certify all personal transactions in non-U.S. sovereign government debt, as well as ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities, not just those requiring pre-clearance.

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5.3. Annual Certification — All Employees

Each calendar year, all employees will be required to certify that they have reviewed and understand the rules and requirements of the Code and that the list of brokerage accounts (for the employee and all Immediate Family members) disclosed in the Code of Ethics PTA system is accurate. An e-mail notification will be sent informing employees of their requirement and the due date.

5.4. Training Requirements — All Employees

As deemed necessary by the Code of Ethics staff, employees will be required to complete training on Putnam’s Code of Ethics. E-mail notifications will be sent notifying employees of the requirements and the due date.

5.5. Maintenance and Distribution of the Code of Ethics

When revisions are made to the Code of Ethics, all employees will receive a revised version of the Code. The Code will be available to all employees on Putnam’s intranet site. Hard copies may be requested by contacting the Code of Ethics staff.

5.6. Procedures and Timeliness

The certifications and reports required by the Code are completed in the Code of Ethics PTA system. There are strict deadlines for these filings. Planned absences, vacations, and business trips are not valid excuses for failing to meet a deadline. Employees will receive instructions regarding these submissions and the due dates. Please contact the Code of Ethics staff for assistance.

Section 6 — General Ethics Rules for All Employees

Putnam employees are expected to act ethically at all times in connection with their employment. In addition to complying with the specific provisions of this section, employees should contact the Code of Ethics staff or the Ombudsman if they are not sure how to proceed in any circumstances involving ethical issues or questions.

6.1. Outside Business Activities

No Putnam employee shall serve as employee, officer, director, trustee, or general partner of a corporation or entity other than Putnam, without prior written approval of the Code of Ethics Officer, who may also confirm that the employee’s manager has approved such outside position. Requests for a role at a publicly traded company are especially disfavored and are closely reviewed. Permission will be granted only in extenuating circumstances.

All employees must provide a written request seeking approval from the Code of Ethics Officer by entering the details of the proposed position in the Code of Ethics PTA system. Employees may not engage in any outside employment activity until they receive an e-mail approving their request. Employees hired at Putnam with an outside position must disclose the position upon hire in the system and may be required to resign such position if the position presents conflicts of interest or other issues.

FINRA-licensed employees under PRM also have an obligation to disclose outside positions to, and receive approval from the PRM Compliance Department. Employees must also keep this information accurate by updating their profile in the Code of Ethics system and updating the PRM Compliance Department if they change or terminate a position previously approved.

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6.2. Charitable or Non-profit Roles/Role as Trustee or Fiduciary Outside Putnam Investments

6.2(a) An employee may serve as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee of a charitable or not-for-profit institution, provided that the employee abides by the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity for which she has any discretion or input as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee. The pre-clearance and reporting requirements of the Code of Ethics do not apply to the trading activities of such charitable or not-for-profit institutions for which an employee serves as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee unless the employee has discretion for the account. You must contact the Code of Ethics staff if you are asked to serve in a role in which you may have discretion, investment, or financial authority for a charitable or not-for-profit institution to discuss whether such position is permissible and whether you must perform any additional actions prior to serving in such role.

6.2(b) Except as stated below, no Putnam employee shall serve as a trustee, an executor, a custodian, or any other fiduciary, or as an investment advisor or a counselor for any account outside Putnam.

Putnam employees may serve as a fiduciary with respect to a religious or charitable trust or foundation, provided that the employee abides by the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity for which she has any discretion or input. The pre-clearance and reporting requirements of the Code of Ethics apply to the trading activities of such a religious or charitable trust or foundation if the employee has discretion for the account.

6.2(c) Family Trust or Estate Exception. Putnam employees may serve as a fiduciary with respect to a family trust or estate, as long as the employee abides by all of the Rules of the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity over which he has any discretion.

6.3. Family Members’ Conflict Policy

No employee or member of an employee’s Immediate Family shall have any direct or indirect personal financial interests in companies that do business with Putnam, unless such interest is disclosed and approved by the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.3(a) Corporate Purchase of Goods and Services — Putnam will not acquire goods and services from any firm in which a member of an employee’s Immediate Family serves as a sales representative or in a senior management capacity, or has an ownership interest (excluding normal investment holdings in public companies), unless permission is obtained from the Assistant Treasurer and the Code of Ethics Officer. Any employee who is aware of a proposal to purchase goods and services from a firm with which a member of the employee’s Immediate Family has one of these associations must notify the Assistant Treasurer and the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.3(b) Portfolio Trading – Putnam will not allocate any client trades to any firm that employs a member of an employee’s Immediate Family as a sales representative to Putnam (in a primary, secondary, or backup role). Any Putnam employee who is aware that an Immediate Family member serves as a broker-dealer’s sales representative to Putnam should inform the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.3(c) Definition of Immediate Family (specific to this rule) – “Immediate Family” of an employee means (1) spouse, fiancé(e), or domestic partner of the employee, (2) any child, sibling, or parent of an employee and any person married to a child, sibling or parent of an employee, and (3) any other person who lives in the same household as the employee.

6.4. CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct

All members of the Investment Division and any other CFA Institute Members or Candidates must follow and abide by the spirit of the Code of Ethics and the Standards of Professional Conduct of the CFA Institute. The text of the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct can be found on the Putnam Compliance Department intranet home page, which is accessible from the Putnam intranet home page. The terms of Putnam’s Code of Ethics shall govern in any case where there is a conflict between the terms of this Code and the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Please contact the Code of Ethics Officer with any questions.

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6.5. Business Ethics, Ombudsman, and Hotlines

6.5(a) If a Putnam employee suspects that fraudulent, illegal, or other irregular activity (including violations of the Code of Ethics) might be occurring at Putnam, the activity should be reported immediately to Putnam’s Controller, Chief Compliance Officer or Code of Ethics Officer, through the Ombudsman or hotlines described below or through Putnam’s Human Resources department.

6.5(b) Putnam has established the office of the corporate ombudsman as a resource to help employees address legal or ethical issues in the workplace and to allow employees to voice concerns or seek clarity on issues. The Ombudsman provides a confidential, independent, and impartial source to employees to discuss potential violations of law or of company standards without fear of retribution, and serves as a neutral party with no vested interest in a particular outcome.

6.5(c) An employee who does not feel comfortable reporting activity in the manner described in 6.5(a) above may instead contact any of the following on an anonymous basis:

• The Putnam Ethics hotline at 1-888-475-4210,

• The Putnam Funds Trustees’ hotline at 1-866-858-4155, or

• Putnam’s Ombudsman at 1-866-ombuds7 (866-662-8377).

Section 7 — Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading

7.1. Material, Public Information and Insider Trading

Antifraud provisions of the U.S. securities laws as well as the laws of other countries generally prohibit persons who possess material, non-public information from trading on or communicating that information to others. Putnam’s policy calls for strict compliance with such laws. Unlawful trading while in possession of material, non-public information is a very serious matter and can be a crime punishable by imprisionment. There is also significant monetary liability for an inside trader, which can include liability to private plaintiffs and/or the Securities and Exchange Commission, which can seek a court order requiring a violator to pay back profits, as well as penalties substantially greater than those profits. In certain cases, controlling persons of inside traders, including supervisors of inside traders or Putnam itself, can be liable for penalties.

Employees found to have conducted this activity will be immediately referred to the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee or Putnam’s Chief Executive Officer to determine the appropriate sanction, up to and including termination.

While employees in the Investment Division are most likely to come into contact with material, non-public information, the rules (and sanctions) in this area apply to all Putnam employees (see Section 7.2 for information on what to do if you believe you may have material, non-public information).

7.2. Reporting and Restrictions

Any employee who believes he or she is (or may be) in possession of material, non-public information must immediately contact Putnam’s Code of Ethics Officer or an attorney in Putnam’s Legal Department, and provide details on the information received and the source. The employee must also take precautions to maintain the confidentiality of the information in question.

After reviewing the facts and circumstances, Putnam’s Code of Ethics Officer or Putnam’s Legal Department will make a determination as to whether possession of the information warrants restricting trading activity in the issuer’s securities for client accounts as well as personal securities transactions for employees.

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7.3. Special Provisions Applicable to Putnam Affiliates

Any employee wishing to place a trade in the securities of Great-West Lifeco Inc., Power Financial Corporation, Power Corporation of Canada, or IGM Financial Inc. must contact the Code of Ethics Officer or the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer to request manual approval of the pre-clearance request. An employee requesting such approval must certify that he or she is not in possession of any material, non-public information regarding the company in which he or she is seeking to place a trade. The decision whether or not to grant the pre-clearance request is in the sole discretion of the Code of Ethics Officer and the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer. The Code of Ethics Officer and Deputy Code of Ethics Officer will reject any such request for pre-clearance made by members of Putnam’s Operating Committee and certain members of the Chief Financial Officer’s staff from the end of each calendar quarter to the date of announcement of Great-West Lifeco Inc .’s earnings for such quarter.

7.4. PIL Employees

For PIL employees, these topics are covered by the FSA’s Market Abuse rules. PIL employees receive information on this topic in their annual instructor-led code of ethics and compliance training.

Section 8 — Sanctions

The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee has adopted the following minimum monetary sanctions for violations of the Code. These sanctions apply even if the exception results from inadvertence rather than intentional misbehavior. The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee will review and approve sanctions on employees. However, the sanctions noted below are only minimums, and the Committee reserves the right to impose sanctions it believes fit the circumstances, such as higher monetary sanctions, trading bans, suspension, or termination of employment. The Committee’s belief that an employee has violated the Code of Ethics intentionally may result in more severe sanctions than outlined in the guidelines.

8.1. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 1–3

The minimum sanction per violation of the Rules in Sections 1, 2, or 3 is disgorgement of any profits or payment of avoided losses and the following payments:

Officer level  SMD/MD/SVP  VP/AVP/Non-officer 

1st violation  $250  $50 

2nd violation  $500  $100 

  Minimum monetary sanction as above with ban on all new personal 
3rd violation  securities transactions


8.2. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 4–6

The minimum sanction for violations of the rules in Sections 4–6 is as follows:

Officer level  SMD/MD/SVP  VP/AVP/Non-officer 

1st violation  Warning  Warning 

2nd violation  $50  $25 

Subsequent violation  $100  $50 


8.3. Sanctions for Violations of Section 7

All violations concerning the use of material, non-public information, failure to report inside information, or insider trading will be presented to the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee to determine the appropriate sanction, up to and including termination. Severe criminal penalties may also be imposed.

The reference period for determining generally whether a violation is initial or subsequent will be three years.

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Section 9 — Procedures for Determinations and Exemptions

No perceived ambiguity in the Code of Ethics shall excuse any violation. Any employee who has a question concerning the applicability of the Code or believes the Code to be ambiguous in a particular situation should request a determination from the Code of Ethics Officer in advance of the conduct. Employees may also request an exemption from the Code of Ethics if they do so in advance of the conduct or transaction sought to be exempted.

Any employee seeking a determination or exemption shall provide the Code of Ethics Officer with such information as the Code of Ethics Officer deems necessary to render the determination or make a decision on the exemption.

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Appendix A — Contra-Trading Rule Clearance Form

To: Code of Ethics Officer

From:  Date: 

Re: Sale of Personal Security   

This serves as prior written approval to sell the following personal security:

Name of portfolio manager contemplating personal sale:   

Security to be sold:   

Number of shares to be sold:   

Fund(s) holding security:   

Number of shares held by fund:   

Reason for the personal sale:   

Specify the reason why the sale is inappropriate for fund: (Please attach additional sheets if necessary.) 

 
 
 
 
CIO approval:   Date: 

Code of Ethics Officer:   

Deputy Code of Ethics Officer approval:   Date: 


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Putnam Investments | One Post Office Square | Boston, MA 02109 | putnam.com

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EX-99.P CODE ETH 18 a_nf69mod6.htm a_nf69mod6.htm
THE PUTNAM FUNDS 
Code of Ethics

Each of The Putnam Funds (the "Funds") has determined to adopt this Code of Ethics with respect to certain activities by officers and Trustees of the Funds which might be deemed to create possible conflicts of interest and to establish reporting requirements and enforcement procedures with respect to such activities.

I. Rules Applicable to Officers and Trustees Affiliated with Putnam Investments Trust or Its Subsidiaries

A. Incorporation of Adviser's Code of Ethics. The provisions of the Code of Ethics for employees of Putnam Investments Trust and its subsidiaries (the "Putnam Investments Code of Ethics"), which is attached as Appendix A hereto, are hereby incorporated herein as the Funds' Code of Ethics applicable to officers and Trustees of the Funds who are employees of the Funds or officers, directors or employees of Putnam Investments Trust or its subsidiaries. A violation of the Putnam Investments' Code of Ethics shall constitute a violation of the Funds' Code.

B. Reports. Officers and Trustees of each of the Funds who are made subject to the Putnam Investments' Code of Ethics pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall file the reports required by the Putnam Investments' Code of Ethics with the Code of Ethics Officer designated therein. A report filed with the Code of Ethics Officer shall be deemed to be filed with each of the Funds of which the reporting individual is an officer or Trustee.

C. Review and Reporting.

(1) The Code of Ethics Officer shall cause the reported personal securities transactions to be compared with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of each of the Funds to determine whether a violation of this Code may have occurred. Before making any determination that a violation has been committed by any person, the Code of Ethics Officer shall give such person an opportunity to supply additional explanatory material.

(2) If the Code of Ethics Officer determines that a violation of any provision of this Code has or may have occurred, he shall submit his written determination, together with any additional explanatory material, to the Audit and Compliance Committee of the Funds at its next meeting when Code of Ethics matters are discussed.

D. Sanctions. In addition to reporting violations of this Code to the Audit and Compliance Committee of the Funds as provided in Section I-C(2), the Code of Ethics Officer shall also report to such Committee any sanctions imposed with


respect to such violations. The Committee reserves the right to impose such additional sanctions as it deems appropriate.

II. Rules Applicable to Unaffiliated Trustees

A. Definitions.

(1) "Beneficial ownership" shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be in determining whether a person is subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder.

(2) "Control" means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company.

(3) "Covered Person" means an affiliated person of the Fund, who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

(4) "Interested Trustee" means a Trustee of a Fund who is an "interested person" of the Fund within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act").

(5) "Purchase or sale of a security" includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security.

(6) "Security" shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act (in effect, all securities) except that it shall not include securities issued by the Government of the United States or an agency thereof, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high-quality short-term debt investments, including repurchase agreements, and shares of registered open-end investment companies, but shall include any security convertible into or exchangeable for a security.

(7) "Security Held or to be Acquired by a Fund" means: (i) any security, as defined herein, which, within the most recent 15 days: (A) is or has been held by the Fund, or (B) is being or has been considered by the Fund or Putnam Investments for purchase by the Fund, and (ii) any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a security described in (i) above.

(8) "Unaffiliated Trustee" means a Trustee who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

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B. Prohibited Actions. No Covered Person, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such Covered Person of a security held or to be acquired by the Fund, shall:

(1) Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund;

(2) Make any untrue statement of a material fact to the Fund or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to the Fund, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

(3) Engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the Fund; or

(4) Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund.

C. Reporting.

(1) Every Unaffiliated Trustee of a Fund shall file with the Funds' Compliance Liaison a report containing the information described in Section II-C(2) of this Code with respect to purchases or sales of any security in which such Unaffiliated Trustee has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, if such Trustee, at the time of that transaction, knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his official duties as a Trustee of the Fund, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the transaction by the Trustee:

(a) such security was or is to be purchased or sold by the Fund or

(b) such security was or is being considered for purchase or sale by the Fund;

provided, however, that an Unaffiliated Trustee shall not be required to make a report with respect to transactions effected for any account over which such person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control.

(2) Every report shall be made not later than 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected, and shall contain the following information:

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(a) The date of the transaction, the title, the number of shares, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount of each security involved;

(b) The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

(c) The price at which the transaction was effected;

(d) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected; and

(e) the date that the report is submitted by each Unaffiliated Trustee.

(3) Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security to which the report relates.

(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, an Unaffiliated Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Funds shall file the reports required by Rule 17j-1(d)(1) under the Investment Company Act with the Code of Ethics Officer of Putnam Investments. Such reports shall be reviewed by such Officer as provided in Section I-D(1) and any related violations shall be reported by him to the Audit and Compliance Committee as provided in Section I-C(2). The Committee may impose such additional sanctions as it deems appropriate.

D. Review and Reporting.

(1) The Compliance Liaison of the Funds, in consultation with the Code of Ethics Officer of Putnam Investments, shall cause the reported personal securities transactions that he receives pursuant to Section II-C(1) to be compared with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of the Funds to determine whether any prohibited action listed in Section II-B may have occurred.

(2) Before making any determination that a violation of this Code has occurred, the Compliance Liaison shall give the person involved an opportunity to supply additional information regarding the transaction in question.

E. Sanctions. If the Compliance Liaison determines that a violation of this Code has occurred, he shall so advise the Funds' Audit and Compliance Committee, and provide the Committee with a report of the matter, including any additional information supplied by such person. The Committee may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.

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III. Miscellaneous

A. Amendments to the Putnam Investments' Code of Ethics. Any amendment to the Putnam Investments' Code of Ethics shall be deemed an amendment to Section 1-A of this Code effective 30 days after written notice of such amendment shall have been received by the Chairman of the Funds, unless the Trustees of the Funds expressly determine that such amendment shall become effective at an earlier or later date or shall not be adopted.

B. Records. The Funds shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records may be maintained on microfilm under the conditions described in Rule 31a-2(f)(1) under the Investment Company Act and shall be available for examination by representatives of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(1) A copy of this Code and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place;

(2) A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

(3) A copy of each report made by an officer or Trustee pursuant to this Code shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place;

(4) A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; and

(5) To the extent any record required to be kept by this section is also required to be kept by Putnam Investments pursuant to the Putnam Investments' Code of Ethics, Putnam Investments shall maintain such record on behalf of the Funds as well.

C. Confidentiality. All reports of securities transactions and any other information filed with any Fund pursuant to this Code shall be treated as confidential, but are subject to review as provided herein and by personnel of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

D. Interpretation of Provisions. The Trustees may from time to time adopt such interpretations of this Code as they deem appropriate.

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E. Delegation by Chairman. The Chairman of the Funds may from time to time delegate any or all of his responsibilities under this Code, either generally or as to specific instances, to such officer or Trustee of the Funds as he may designate.

As revised
September 11, 2009

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