8.	LOANS RECEIVABLE AND CREDIT QUALITY

Loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned fees or costs. Interest income on loans is recorded using the level yield method. Under this method, discount accretion and premium amortization are included in interest income. Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and amortized as yield adjustments over the contractual loan terms.

Credit Quality Indicators:

On a quarterly basis, the Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying them as to credit risk. This analysis includes all loans, such as multifamily residential, mixed-use residential (i.e., loans in which the aggregate rental income of the underlying collateral property is generated from both residential and commercial units, but the majority of such income is generated from the residential units), mixed-use commercial real estate (i.e., loans in which the aggregate rental income of the underlying collateral property is generated from both residential and commercial units, but the majority of such income is generated from the commercial units), commercial real estate loans, acquisition, development, and construction ("ADC") loans (which includes land loans), C&I loans, as well as one-to-four family residential and cooperative and condominium apartment loans.

The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank's credit position at some future date.

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of then existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The Bank had no loans classified as doubtful as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018. All real estate and C&I loans not classified as Special Mention or Substandard were deemed pass loans at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The following is a summary of the credit risk profile of real estate and C&I loans (including deferred costs) by internally assigned grade as of the dates indicated:

	Balance at March 31, 2019
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Real Estate:
One-to-four family residential, including condominium and cooperative apartment	$	106,659	$	—	$	1,050	$	—	$	107,709
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use		3,793,706		25,326		12,113		—		3,831,145
Commercial real estate and commercial mixed-use		1,230,111		6,110		9,585		—		1,245,806
ADC		54,222		—		—		—		54,222
Total real estate		5,184,698		31,436		22,748		—		5,238,882
C&I		265,521		49		845		—		266,415
Total Real Estate and C&I	$	5,450,219	$	31,485	$	23,593	$	—	$	5,505,297

	Balance at December 31, 2018
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Real Estate:
One-to-four family residential, including condominium and cooperative apartment	$	95,782	$	—	$	1,065	$	—	$	96,847
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use		3,829,643		32,682		4,463		—		3,866,788
Commercial real estate and commercial mixed-use		1,162,429		1,209		6,447		—		1,170,085
ADC		29,402		—		—		—		29,402
Total real estate		5,117,256		33,891		11,975		—		5,163,122
C&I		228,924		—		580		—		229,504
Total Real Estate and C&I	$	5,346,180	$	33,891	$	12,555	$	—	$	5,392,626

The following is a summary of the credit risk profile of consumer loans by internally assigned grade:

	Balance at
Grade	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Performing	$	1,133	$	1,189
Non-accrual		6		3
Total	$	1,139	$	1,192

The following is a breakdown of the past due status of the Company's investment in loans (excluding accrued interest) as of the dates indicated:

	At March 31, 2019
	30 to 59 Days Past Due		60 to 89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing Interest		Non- accrual ⁽¹⁾		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans
Real Estate:
One-to-four family residential, including condominium and cooperative apartment	$	133	$	8	$	—	$	706	$	847	$	106,862	$	107,709
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use		145		—		768		276		1,189		3,829,956		3,831,145
Commercial real estate and commercial mixed-use		—		—		5,622		4,205		9,827		1,235,979		1,245,806
ADC		—		—		—		—		—		54,222		54,222
Total real estate	$	278	$	8	$	6,390	$	5,187	$	11,863	$	5,227,019	$	5,238,882
C&I	$	49	$	—	$	565	$	232	$	846	$	265,569	$	266,415
Consumer	$	3	$	1	$	—	$	6	$	10	$	1,129	$	1,139

(1)	Includes all loans on non-accrual status regardless of the number of days such loans were delinquent as of March 31, 2019.

	At December 31, 2018
	30 to 59 Days Past Due		60 to 89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing Interest		Non- accrual ⁽¹⁾		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans
Real Estate:
One-to-four family residential, including condominium and cooperative apartment	$	312	$	—	$	—	$	712	$	1,024	$	95,823	$	96,847
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use		—		—		100		280		380		3,866,408		3,866,788
Commercial real estate and commercial mixed-use		—		—		—		1,041		1,041		1,169,044		1,170,085
ADC		—		—		—		—		—		29,402		29,402
Total real estate	$	312	$	—	$	100	$	2,033	$	2,445	$	5,160,677	$	5,163,122
C&I	$	50	$	49	$	—	$	309	$	408	$	229,096	$	229,504
Consumer	$	12	$	1	$	—	$	3	$	16	$	1,176	$	1,192

(1)	Includes all loans on non-accrual status regardless of the number of days such loans were delinquent as of December 31, 2018.

Accruing Loans 90 Days or More Past Due

The Bank continued accruing interest on eleven loans with an aggregate outstanding balance of 6,955 at March 31, 2019, and one real estate loan with an aggregate outstanding balance of $100 at December 31, 2018, all of which were 90 days or more past due on their respective contractual maturity dates. These loans continued to make monthly payments consistent with their initial contractual amortization schedule exclusive of the balloon payments due at maturity. These loans were well secured and were expected to be refinanced, and therefore remained on accrual status and were deemed performing assets at the dates indicated above.

Troubled Debt Restructurings ("TDRs")

A TDR has been created in the event that, for economic or legal reasons, any of the following concessions has been granted that would not have otherwise been considered to a debtor experiencing financial difficulties. The following criteria are considered concessions:

•

A reduction of interest rate has been made for the remaining term of the loan

•

The maturity date of the loan has been extended with a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk

•

The outstanding principal amount and/or accrued interest have been reduced

In instances in which the interest rate has been reduced, management would not deem the modification a TDR in the event that the reduction in interest rate reflected either a general decline in market interest rates or an effort to maintain a relationship with a borrower who could readily obtain funds from other sources at the current market interest rate, and the terms of the restructured loan are comparable to the terms offered by the Bank to non-troubled debtors. The following table summarizes outstanding TDRs by underlying collateral types as of the dates indicated:

	As of March 31, 2019				As of December 31, 2018
	No. of Loans		Balance		No. of Loans		Balance
One-to-four family residential, including condominium and cooperative apartment		1	$	12		1	$	14
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use		2		261		2		271
Commercial real estate and commercial mixed-use		1		4,061		1		4,084
Total real estate		4	$	4,334		4	$	4,369

Accrual status for TDRs is determined separately for each TDR in accordance with the Bank's policies for determining accrual or non-accrual status. At the time an agreement is entered into between the Bank and the borrower that results in the Bank's determination that a TDR has been created, the loan can be on either accrual or non-accrual status. If a loan is on non-accrual status at the time it is restructured, it continues to be classified as non-accrual until the borrower has demonstrated compliance with the modified loan terms for a period of at least six months. Conversely, if at the time of restructuring the loan is performing (and accruing), it will remain accruing throughout its restructured period, unless the loan subsequently meets any of the criteria for non-accrual status under the Bank's policy and agency regulations. There were no TDRs on non-accrual status at March 31, 2019 or at December 31, 2018.

The Company has not restructured any C&I or consumer loans, as these loan portfolios have not experienced any problem issues warranting restructuring. Therefore, all TDRs were collateralized by real estate at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

There were no loans modified in a manner that met the criteria of a TDR during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 or 2018.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Bank had no loan commitments to borrowers with outstanding TDRs.

A TDR is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms. All TDRs are considered impaired loans and are evaluated individually for measurable impairment, if any.

There were no TDRs which defaulted within twelve months following the modification during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 or 2018 (thus no impact to the allowance for loan losses during those periods).

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when, based on then current information and events, it is probable that all contractual amounts due will not be collected in accordance with the terms of the loan. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

The Bank considers TDRs and all non-accrual loans, except one-to-four family loans equal to or less than the FNMA conforming loan limits for high-cost areas, such as the Bank's primary lending area, ("FNMA Limits") and consumer loans, to be impaired. Non-accrual one-to-four family loans equal to or less than the FNMA Limits and all consumer loans, are considered homogeneous loan pools and are not required to be evaluated individually for impairment unless considered a TDR.

Impairment is typically measured using the difference between the outstanding loan principal balance and either: 1) the likely realizable value of a note sale; 2) the fair value of the underlying collateral, net of likely disposal costs, if repayment is expected to come from liquidation of the collateral; or 3) the present value of estimated future cash flows (using the loan's pre-modification rate for some of the performing TDRs). If a TDR is substantially performing in accordance with its restructured terms, management will look to either the potential net liquidation proceeds of the underlying collateral or the present value of the expected cash flows from the debt service in measuring impairment (whichever is deemed most appropriate under the circumstances). If a TDR has re-defaulted, generally the likely realizable net proceeds from either a note sale or the liquidation of the collateral is considered when measuring impairment. Measured impairment is either charged off immediately or, in limited instances, recognized as an allocated reserve within the allowance for loan losses.

Please refer to Note 9 for tabular information related to impaired loans.