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RETIREMENT PLANS
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT PLANS RETIREMENT PLANS
 
Barnwell sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (“Pension Plan”) covering substantially all of its U.S. employees, with benefits based on years of service and the employee’s highest consecutive 5 years average earnings. Barnwell’s funding policy is intended to provide for both benefits attributed to service to date and for those expected to be earned in the future. In addition, Barnwell sponsors a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”), a noncontributory supplemental retirement benefit plan which covers certain current and former employees of Barnwell for amounts exceeding the limits allowed under the Pension Plan. Effective December 31, 2019, the accrual of benefits for all participants in the Pension Plan and SERP was frozen and the plans were closed to new participants from that point forward.

The following tables detail the changes in benefit obligations, fair values of plan assets and reconciliations of the funded status of the retirement plans:
 Pension PlanSERP
 September 30,
 2024202320242023
Change in Projected Benefit Obligation:   
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$7,511,000 $7,931,000 $1,734,000 $1,715,000 
Interest cost411,000 406,000 95,000 88,000 
Actuarial loss (gain)520,000 (394,000)149,000 (66,000)
Benefits paid(247,000)(432,000)(4,000)(3,000)
Benefit obligation at end of year8,195,000 7,511,000 1,974,000 1,734,000 
Change in Plan Assets:    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year11,982,000 11,316,000 — — 
Actual return on plan assets1,359,000 1,098,000 — — 
Benefits paid(247,000)(432,000)— — 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year13,094,000 11,982,000 — — 
Funded status$4,899,000 $4,471,000 $(1,974,000)$(1,734,000)
 
 Pension PlanSERP
 September 30,
 2024202320242023
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Noncurrent assets$4,899,000 $4,471,000 $— $— 
Current liabilities— — (76,000)(70,000)
Noncurrent liabilities— — (1,898,000)(1,664,000)
Net amount$4,899,000 $4,471,000 $(1,974,000)$(1,734,000)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income before income taxes:
Net actuarial gain$(1,251,000)$(1,178,000)$(96,000)$(330,000)
Accumulated other comprehensive income$(1,251,000)$(1,178,000)$(96,000)$(330,000)

The accumulated benefit obligation for the Pension Plan was $8,195,000 and $7,511,000 at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation for the SERP was $1,974,000 and $1,734,000 at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligations are the same as the projected benefit obligations due to the Pension Plan and SERP being frozen as of December 31, 2019.

Currently, no contributions are planned to be made to the Pension Plan during fiscal 2025. The SERP plan is unfunded and Barnwell funds benefits when payments are made. Expected payments under the SERP for fiscal 2025 are expected to be $76,000. Fluctuations in actual market returns as well as changes in general interest rates will result in changes in the market value of plan assets and may result in increased or decreased retirement benefits costs and contributions in future periods.

The Pension Plan actuarial losses in fiscal 2024 were primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate, partially offset by an actuarial gain resulting from actual investment returns that were greater than the assumed rate of return. The SERP actuarial losses in fiscal 2024 were primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate.

The Pension Plan actuarial gains in fiscal 2023 were primarily due to an increase in the discount rate and actual investment returns that were greater than the assumed rate of return. The SERP actuarial gains in fiscal 2023 were primarily due to an increase in the discount rate.
The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net benefit (income) costs:
 Pension PlanSERP
                   Year ended September 30,
 2024202320242023
Assumptions used to determine fiscal year-end benefit obligations:
Discount rate4.88%5.62%4.88%5.62%
Rate of compensation increaseN/AN/AN/AN/A
Assumptions used to determine net benefit costs (years ended): 
Discount rate5.62%5.25%5.62%5.25%
Expected return on plan assets6.50%6.00%N/AN/A
Rate of compensation increaseN/AN/AN/AN/A

We select a discount rate by reference to yields from the Willis Towers Watson RATE:Link 10-90 yield curve at our consolidated balance sheet date. The expected return on plan assets is based on an actuarial model which takes into consideration our investment mix and market conditions.

The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost are as follows:
 Pension PlanSERP
 Year ended September 30,
 2024202320242023
Net periodic benefit (income) cost for the year:
Interest cost$411,000 $406,000 $95,000 $88,000 
Expected return on plan assets(766,000)(667,000)— — 
Amortization of net actuarial gain— — (85,000)(79,000)
Net periodic benefit (income) cost$(355,000)$(261,000)$10,000 $9,000 
 
The benefits expected to be paid under the retirement plans as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:
Pension PlanSERP
Expected Benefit Payments:  
Fiscal year ending September 30, 2025$396,000 $76,000 
Fiscal year ending September 30, 2026$562,000 $152,000 
Fiscal year ending September 30, 2027$555,000 $150,000 
Fiscal year ending September 30, 2028$593,000 $155,000 
Fiscal year ending September 30, 2029$630,000 $160,000 
Fiscal years ending September 30, 2030 through 2034$3,075,000 $764,000 

Plan Assets
 
The trustees of the Pension Plan communicate periodically with the Pension Plan’s professional investment advisors to establish investment policies, direct investments and select investment options. The overall investment objective of the Pension Plan is to attain a diversified combination of investments that provides long-term growth in the assets of the plan to fund future benefit obligations while managing risk
in order to meet current benefit obligations. Generally, interest and dividends received provide cash flows to fund current benefit obligations. Longer-term obligations are generally estimated to be provided for by growth in equity securities. The Pension Plan’s investment policy permits investments in a diversified mix of U.S. and international equities, fixed income securities, other investments, and cash equivalents.
 
The Pension Plan’s investments in fixed income securities include corporate bonds, U.S. treasury and government securities, preferred securities, and fixed income exchange-traded funds. The Pension Plan’s investments in equity securities primarily include domestic companies and is comprised of companies with market capitalization categorized as follows: 47% micro-cap; 20% small-cap; 15% mid-cap; and 18% large-cap. The Pension Plan’s other investment is a short-term note receivable from an unrelated private company.
 
The Company’s year-end target allocation, by asset category, and the actual asset allocations were as follows: 
 TargetSeptember 30,
Asset CategoryAllocation20242023
Cash and cash equivalents
0% - 25%
4%2%
Fixed income securities
15% - 40%
19%32%
Equity securities
45% - 75%
73%66%
Other investment
0% - 10%
4%—%

Actual investment allocations may vary from our target allocations from time to time due to prevailing market conditions. We periodically review our actual investment allocations and rebalance our investments to our target allocations as dictated by current and anticipated market conditions and required cash flows.

We categorize plan assets into three levels based upon the assumptions used to price the assets. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 requires significant management judgment in determining the fair value. Equity securities and exchange-traded funds are valued by obtaining quoted prices on recognized and highly liquid exchanges. Fixed income securities are valued based upon the closing price reported in the active market in which the security is traded. All of our plan assets, except for the note receivable from a private company, are categorized as Level 1 assets, and as such, the actual market value is used to determine the fair value of assets. The fair value of the note receivable from an unrelated private company is valued based upon the terms of the note receivable’s agreement and unobservable inputs such as management’s consideration of the counterparty’s credit risk and as such, is categorized as a Level 3 asset.
The following tables set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, pension plan assets at their fair value:
  Fair Value Measurements Using:
September 30, 2024Carrying
Amount		Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial Assets:    
Cash$531,000 $531,000 $— $— 
U.S. treasury and government securities516,000 516,000 — — 
Fixed income exchange-traded funds1,872,000 1,872,000 — — 
Preferred securities88,000 88,000 — — 
Equities9,516,000 9,516,000 — — 
Note receivable from an unrelated private company571,000 — — 571,000 
Total$13,094,000 $12,523,000 $— $571,000 
  Fair Value Measurements Using:
September 30, 2023Carrying
Amount		Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Financial Assets:    
Cash$263,000 $263,000 $— $— 
U.S. treasury and government securities709,000 709,000 — — 
Fixed income exchange-traded funds3,102,000 3,102,000 — — 
Preferred securities47,000 47,000 — — 
Equities7,861,000 7,861,000 — — 
Total$11,982,000 $11,982,000 $— $— 

The following sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the pension plan Level 3 asset:
 Year ended September 30,
 20242023
Balance at beginning of year
$— $— 
Issuance of note receivable from an unrelated private company
571,000 — 
Balance at end of year
$571,000 $—