10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

________________________________________________ 

FORM 10-Q

 ________________________________________________  

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 001-11713

________________________________________________  

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 ________________________________________________ 

Delaware	22-3412577
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

110 West Front Street,	Red Bank,	NJ	07701
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (732) 240-4500

________________________________________________  

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share	OCFC	NASDAQ
Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 7.0% Series A Non-Cumulative, perpetual preferred stock)	OCFCP	NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   ☒    No   ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒.

As of November 4, 2022, there were 59,141,528 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

		PAGE
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 2021	19
	Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	20
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	21
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	22
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	24
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	26
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	4
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	17
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	18
PART II.	Other Information	50
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	50
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	50
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	50
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	50
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	50
Item 5.	Other Information	50
Item 6.	Exhibits	51
Signatures		52

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FINANCIAL SUMMARY(1)	At or for the Quarters Ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	September 30, 2022			June 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
SELECTED FINANCIAL CONDITION DATA:
Total assets	$	12,683,453		$	12,438,653		$	11,829,688
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan credit losses	9,672,488			9,380,688			8,139,961
Deposits	9,959,469			9,831,484			9,774,097
Total stockholders’ equity	1,540,216			1,521,432			1,513,249
SELECTED OPERATING DATA:
Net interest income	95,965			90,797			77,132
Credit loss expense (benefit)	1,016			1,254			(3,179)
Other income	15,150			7,541			9,883
Operating expenses	58,997			58,661			58,673
Net income	38,804			29,483			24,167
Net income attributable to OceanFirst Financial Corp.	38,611			28,961			24,167
Net income available to common stockholders	37,607			27,957			23,163
Diluted earnings per share	0.64			0.47			0.39
SELECTED FINANCIAL RATIOS:
Stockholders’ equity per common share at end of period	26.04			25.73			25.47
Cash dividend per share	0.20			0.17			0.17
Dividend payout ratio per common share	31.25		%	36.17		%	43.59		%
Stockholders’ equity to total assets	12.14			12.23			12.79
Return on average assets (2) (3) (4)	1.19			0.92			0.78
Return on average stockholders’ equity (2) (3) (4)	9.68			7.31			6.05
Net interest rate spread (5)	3.19			3.18			2.80
Net interest margin (2) (6)	3.36			3.29			2.93
Operating expenses to average assets (2) (4)	1.87			1.92			1.98
Efficiency ratio (4) (7)	53.10			59.65			67.43
Loans-to-deposits ratio	97.60			95.90			83.71
ASSET QUALITY:
Non-performing loans (8)	$	21,498		$	20,753		$	30,304
Non-performing assets (8)	21,498			20,753			30,410
Allowance for loan credit losses as a percent of total loans receivable (9) (10)	0.55		%	0.55		%	0.61		%
Allowance for loan credit losses as a percent of total non-performing loans (8) (10)	248.96			250.86			165.50
Non-performing loans as a percent of total loans receivable (8) (9)	0.22			0.22			0.37
Non-performing assets as a percent of total assets (8)	0.17			0.17			0.26

(1) With the exception of end of quarter ratios, all ratios are based on average daily balances.

(2) Ratios are annualized.

(3) Ratios for each period are based on net income available to common stockholders.

(4) Included a net benefit related to merger related expenses, net branch consolidation (benefit) expense, and gain on equity investments of $3.4 million, or $2.6 million, net of tax expense, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Included a net expense related to merger related expenses, net branch consolidation expenses, and net loss on equity investments of $8.8 million, or $6.7 million, net of tax benefit, for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Included a net expense related to merger related expenses, net branch consolidation expenses, and net loss on equity investments of $4.7 million, or $3.6 million, net of tax benefit, for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

(5) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(6) Net interest margin represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

(7) Efficiency ratio represents the ratio of operating expenses to the aggregate of other income and net interest income.

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(8) Non-performing assets consist of non-performing loans and real estate acquired through foreclosure. Non-performing loans generally consist of all loans 90 days or more past due and other loans in the process of foreclosure. It is the Company’s policy to cease accruing interest on all such loans and to reverse previously accrued interest.

(9) Total loans receivable excludes loans held-for-sale.

(10) Loans acquired from prior bank acquisitions were recorded at fair value. The net unamortized credit and purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) marks on these loans, not reflected in the allowance for loan credit losses, was $13.6 million, $15.5 million, and $21.3 million at September 30, 2022, June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively.

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Summary

OceanFirst Financial Corp. is the holding company for OceanFirst Bank N.A. (the “Bank”), a regional bank serving business and retail customers throughout New Jersey and the major metropolitan areas of Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Boston. The term “Company” refers to OceanFirst Financial Corp., the Bank and all of their subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Company’s results of operations are primarily dependent on net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the interest expense on its interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. The Company also generates non-interest income such as income from bankcard services, trust and asset management products and services, deposit account services, bank owned life insurance, commercial loan swap income, gain on sale of loans, securities and on equity investments, title-related fees and service charges and other fees. The Company’s operating expenses primarily consist of compensation and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, marketing, federal deposit insurance and regulatory assessments, data processing, check card processing, professional fees and other general and administrative expenses. The Company’s results of operations are also significantly affected by competition, general economic conditions, including levels of unemployment and real estate values, as well as changes in market interest rates, inflation, government policies and actions of regulatory agencies.

Key developments relating to the Company’s financial results and corporate activities for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows:

•Strengthening Net Interest Income and Margin: Net interest income increased by $5.2 million to $96.0 million, from $90.8 million in the prior linked quarter. Net interest margin increased to 3.36%, as compared to 3.29% in the prior linked quarter, largely driven by the impact of the rising rate environment on interest earning assets, and to a lesser extent an increase in loan balances, partly offset by an increased cost of funds and lower prepayment fees.

•Loan and Deposit Growth: Loan growth for the quarter was $293.9 million, reflecting originations of $543.8 million. The committed loan pipeline increased to $439.5 million as of September 30, 2022. Deposits grew by $128.0 million for the quarter and $226.7 million year-to-date.

•Interchange Fees: Effective July 1, 2022, the Bank became subject to the Durbin amendment, as contained in the Dodd-Frank Act, which imposes limitations on debit card interchange fees collected by banks with assets of $10 billion or more. As a result, bankcard services revenue was adversely impacted by $1.7 million. The Company is strategically positioned to absorb the decreased fee income and continue to grow earnings.

•Partners Bancorp: On November 9, 2022, the Company and Partners Bancorp (“Partners”) entered into a Mutual Termination Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, the Company and Partners mutually agreed to terminate the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) and transactions contemplated thereby. Each party will bear its own costs and expenses in connection with the terminated transaction, and neither party will pay a termination fee in connection with the termination of the Merger Agreement. The Termination Agreement also mutually releases the parties from any claims of liability to one another relating to the Merger Agreement and the terminated transaction.

Net income available to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $37.6 million and $90.3 million, respectively, or $0.64 and $1.53 per diluted share, as compared to $23.2 million and $84.4 million, or $0.39 and $1.41 per diluted share, for the corresponding prior year periods. The dividends paid to preferred stockholders were $1.0 million and $3.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net income available to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 included merger related expenses of $298,000 and $2.5 million, respectively, net branch consolidation benefit of $346,000 and net branch consolidation expense of $602,000, and gain on equity investments of $3.4 million and net loss on equity investments of $7.5 million. Net income available to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 included merger related expenses of $225,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, net branch consolidation expenses of $4.0 million and $5.1 million, and net loss on equity investments of $466,000 and net gain on equity investments of $8.4 million.

The Company remains well-capitalized with a stockholders’ equity to total assets ratio of 12.14% at September 30, 2022.

On October 24, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share. The dividend, related to the quarter ended September 30, 2022, will be paid on November 18, 2022 to common stockholders of record on November 7, 2022. The Board also declared a quarterly cash dividend on preferred stock of $0.4375 per depositary share, representing a 1/40th interest in the Series A Preferred Stock. This dividend will be paid on November 15, 2022 to preferred stockholders of record on October 31, 2022.

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Analysis of Net Interest Income

Net interest income represents the difference between income on interest-earning assets and expense on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income depends upon the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the interest rate earned or paid on them. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 interest income included net loan fees of $832,000 and $5.0 million, respectively, as compared to $1.6 million and $4.2 million for the same prior year periods, respectively.

The following tables set forth certain information relating to the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The yields and costs, which are annualized, are derived by dividing the income or expense by the average balance of the related assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown except where noted otherwise. Average balances are derived from average daily balances. The yields and costs include certain fees and costs which are considered adjustments to yields.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022						2021
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Cost (1)		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Cost (1)
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning deposits and short-term investments	$	65,648	$	336	2.03	%	$	1,053,797	$	441	0.17	%
Securities (2)	1,748,687		10,022		2.27		1,542,630		6,090		1.57
Loans receivable, net (3)
Commercial	6,509,515		74,309		4.53		5,361,472		55,387		4.10
Residential real estate	2,791,067		22,818		3.27		2,260,673		20,076		3.55
Home equity loans and lines and other consumer (“other consumer”)	256,638		3,014		4.66		289,011		3,426		4.70
Allowance for loan credit losses, net of deferred loan costs and fees	(44,773)		—		—		(46,436)		—		—
Loans receivable, net	9,512,447		100,141		4.18		7,864,720		78,889		3.98
Total interest-earning assets	11,326,782		110,499		3.88		10,461,147		85,420		3.24
Non-interest-earning assets	1,191,173						1,276,890
Total assets	$	12,517,955					$	11,738,037
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing checking	$	3,873,968	2,671		0.27	%	$	3,841,475	2,854		0.29	%
Money market	793,230		721		0.36		767,854		245		0.13
Savings	1,603,147		187		0.05		1,609,197		146		0.04
Time deposits	1,467,297		5,659		1.53		904,384		2,134		0.94
Total	7,737,642		9,238		0.47		7,122,910		5,379		0.30
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances	352,392		2,208		2.49		—		—		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	96,147		35		0.14		142,494		51		0.14
Other borrowings	194,755		3,053		6.22		228,695		2,858		4.96
Total borrowings	643,294		5,296		3.27		371,189		2,909		3.11
Total interest-bearing liabilities	8,380,936		14,534		0.69		7,494,099		8,288		0.44
Non-interest-bearing deposits	2,328,700						2,576,123
Non-interest-bearing liabilities	266,564						148,327
Total liabilities	10,976,200						10,218,549
Stockholders’ equity	1,541,755						1,519,488
Total liabilities and equity	$	12,517,955					$	11,738,037
Net interest income			$	95,965					$	77,132
Net interest rate spread (4)					3.19	%					2.80	%
Net interest margin (5)					3.36	%					2.93	%
Total cost of deposits (including non-interest-bearing deposits)					0.36	%					0.22	%

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	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022						2021
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Cost (1)		Average Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Cost (1)
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning deposits and short-term investments	$	73,886	$	472	0.85	%	$	1,061,419	$	958	0.12	%
Securities (2)	1,801,978		27,086		2.01		1,452,778		18,832		1.73
Loans receivable, net (3)
Commercial	6,275,836		198,054		4.22		5,270,138		163,315		4.14
Residential real estate	2,685,080		66,899		3.32		2,269,066		59,242		3.48
Other consumer	254,891		8,387		4.40		306,681		11,288		4.92
Allowance for loan credit losses, net of deferred loan costs and fees	(42,987)		—		—		(50,912)		—		—
Loans receivable, net	9,172,820		273,340		3.98		7,794,973		233,845		4.01
Total interest-earning assets	11,048,684		300,898		3.64		10,309,170		253,635		3.29
Non-interest-earning assets	1,191,358						1,264,347
Total assets	$	12,240,042					$	11,573,517
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing checking	$	4,088,759	6,433		0.21	%	$	3,753,457	10,549		0.38	%
Money market	773,666		1,317		0.23		761,975		823		0.14
Savings	1,617,354		473		0.04		1,571,345		490		0.04
Time deposits	1,060,027		9,373		1.18		1,041,371		8,338		1.07
Total	7,539,806		17,596		0.31		7,128,148		20,200		0.38
FHLB Advances	308,043		3,890		1.69		—		—		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	105,821		117		0.15		135,754		203		0.20
Other borrowings	205,796		8,306		5.40		228,472		8,480		4.96
Total borrowings	619,660		12,313		2.66		364,226		8,683		3.19
Total interest-bearing liabilities	8,159,466		29,909		0.49		7,492,374		28,883		0.52
Non-interest-bearing deposits	2,352,606						2,416,866
Non-interest-bearing liabilities	193,147						157,821
Total liabilities	10,705,219						10,067,061
Stockholders’ equity	1,534,823						1,506,456
Total liabilities and equity	$	12,240,042					$	11,573,517
Net interest income			$	270,989					$	224,752
Net interest rate spread (4)					3.15	%					2.77	%
Net interest margin (5)					3.28	%					2.91	%
Total cost of deposits (including non-interest-bearing deposits)					0.24	%					0.28	%

(1)Average yields and costs are annualized.

(2)Amounts represent debt and equity securities, including FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock, and are recorded at average amortized cost net of allowance for securities credit losses.

(3)Amount is net of deferred loan costs and fees, undisbursed loan funds, discounts and premiums and allowance for loan credit losses, and includes loans held for sale and non-performing loans.

(4)Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(5)Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

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Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021

Total assets increased by $943.8 million to $12.68 billion at September 30, 2022, from $11.74 billion at December 31, 2021. Total loans increased by $1.10 billion to $9.72 billion at September 30, 2022, from $8.62 billion at December 31, 2021, due to strong loan originations. Total debt securities decreased by $209.4 million at September 30, 2022, as compared to December 31, 2021, primarily due to principal repayments and maturities, and to a lesser extent, an increase in unrealized losses driven by the rising rate environment. Other assets increased by $81.1 million to $228.1 million at September 30, 2022 from $147.0 million at December 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in market values associated with customer interest rate swap programs.

Total liabilities increased by $920.2 million to $11.14 billion at September 30, 2022, from $10.22 billion at December 31, 2021. Deposits increased by $226.7 million to $9.96 billion at September 30, 2022, from $9.73 billion at December 31, 2021. Total deposits, excluding time deposits, decreased by $402.7 million to $8.56 billion at September 30, 2022, from $8.96 billion at December 31, 2021, primarily due to the net runoff of interest-bearing checking balances. Time deposits increased to $1.40 billion at September 30, 2022, from $775.0 million at December 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in brokered time deposits, which increased to $828.7 million at September 30, 2022 from $25.0 million at December 31, 2021. The loans-to-deposit ratio at September 30, 2022 was 97.6%, as compared to 88.6% at December 31, 2021.

FHLB advances increased to $514.2 million at September 30, 2022 from $0 at December 31, 2021 to fund liquidity needs. Other borrowings decreased by $34.2 million to $194.9 million at September 30, 2022, from $229.1 million at December 31, 2021, primarily due to the extinguishment of $35.0 million of subordinated debt in March 2022. Other liabilities increased by $230.9 million to $352.9 million at September 30, 2022, from $122.0 million at December 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in the market values associated with customer interest rate swap programs and related collateral received from counterparties.

Stockholders’ equity increased to $1.54 billion at September 30, 2022, as compared to $1.52 billion at December 31, 2021. Accumulated other comprehensive loss increased by $35.7 million to $38.5 million at September 30, 2022 from $2.8 million at December 31, 2021, primarily due to unrealized losses on debt securities available-for-sale which were adversely impacted by the rising interest rate environment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 373,223 shares totaling $7.4 million under its stock repurchase program at a weighted average cost of $19.82. There were 2,934,438 shares available for repurchase at September 30, 2022 under the existing repurchase program. Stockholders’ equity per common share increased to $26.04 at September 30, 2022, as compared to $25.63 at December 31, 2021.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021

General

Net income available to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $37.6 million and $90.3 million, respectively, or $0.64 and $1.53 per diluted share, as compared to $23.2 million and $84.4 million, or $0.39 and $1.41 per diluted share, for the corresponding prior year periods. Net income available to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 included merger related expenses of $298,000 and $2.5 million, respectively, net branch consolidation benefit of $346,000 and net branch consolidation expense of $602,000, and gain on equity investments of $3.4 million and net loss on equity investments of $7.5 million. These items increased net income by $2.6 million and decreased net income by $8.1 million, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Net income available to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 included merger related expenses of $225,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, net branch consolidation expenses of $4.0 million and $5.1 million, and a net loss on equity investments of $466,000 and net gain on equity investments of $8.4 million. These items decreased net income by $3.6 million and increased net income by $1.7 million, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Interest Income

Interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased to $110.5 million and $300.9 million, respectively, as compared to $85.4 million and $253.6 million for the corresponding prior year periods. Average interest-earning assets increased by $865.6 million and $739.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to the same prior year periods, primarily due to loan and securities growth funded by the redeployment of excess cash. Average loans receivable, net of allowance for loan credit losses, increased by $1.65 billion and $1.38 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to the same prior year periods. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the yield on average interest-earning assets increased to 3.88% and

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3.64%, respectively, from 3.24% and 3.29%, for the corresponding prior year periods due to interest earning asset growth funded by the redeployment of excess cash and the rising rate environment.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $14.5 million and $29.9 million, respectively, as compared to $8.3 million and $28.9 million in the corresponding prior year periods. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities increased to 0.69% from 0.44% for corresponding prior year period, as a result of higher costs associated with FHLB advances and time deposits issued in an elevated rate environment in 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities decreased to 0.49% from 0.52% for the corresponding prior year period, as a result of downward repricing of deposits that began in the prior year and continued through the current year, partly offset by the recent pace of the rising rate environment in the current quarter and increased funding costs on FHLB advances. The total cost of deposits (including non-interest bearing deposits) was 0.36% and 0.24% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to 0.22% and 0.28%, for the same prior year periods.

Net Interest Income and Margin

Net interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased to $96.0 million and $271.0 million, respectively, as compared to $77.1 million and $224.8 million for the corresponding prior year periods, reflecting an increase in average interest-earning assets and net interest margin. Net interest margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased to 3.36% and 3.28%, respectively, from 2.93% and 2.91% from the same prior year periods. The net interest margin expansion was positively impacted by the redeployment of excess cash into loans and the impact of the rising rate environment on interest earning assets, partly offset by an increased cost of funds and the growth in interest-bearing liabilities balances.

Credit Loss Expense (Benefit)

Credit loss expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.0 million and $4.1 million, respectively, as compared to a credit loss benefit of $3.2 million and $10.3 million, for the corresponding prior year periods. The credit loss expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was influenced by loan growth, slowing prepayment rates, and increasingly uncertain macro-economic forecasts due to rising interest rates, inflation, and global economic headwinds, partly offset by positive trends in the Company’s criticized and classified assets. Net loan recoveries were $252,000 and $386,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net loan recoveries were $335,000 and $442,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Non-performing loans totaled $21.5 million at September 30, 2022, as compared to $30.3 million at September 30, 2021, primarily due to loans that were paid off and partly due to loans that returned to accrual status.

Non-interest Income

Other income increased to $15.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $9.9 million for the corresponding prior year period. The increase was driven by a gain on equity investments of $3.4 million as compared to a net loss on equity investments of $466,000 in the prior year period, along with the acquisition of a majority interest in Trident Abstract Title Agency, LLC (“Trident”), which added $3.3 million of title-related fees and service charges. These increases were partially offset by lower income from bankcard services of $1.9 million, primarily as a result of the impact of the Durbin amendment, which became effective for the Company on July 1, 2022.

Other income decreased to $31.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $42.5 million for the corresponding prior year period. The decrease was driven by a net loss on equity investments of $7.5 million as compared to a net gain on equity investments of $8.4 million in the prior year period, along with decreases in net gain on sale of loans of $2.8 million, income from bankcard services of $2.3 million primarily as a result of the impact of the Durbin amendment, fees and service charges of $849,000, and Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loan origination referral fees of $800,000. These decreases were partially offset by the impact of Trident, which added $7.8 million of title-related fees and service charges and an increase in commercial loan swap income of $3.8 million.

Non-interest Expense

Operating expenses increased to $59.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $58.7 million in the same prior year period. Operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 included $48,000 and $4.2 million, respectively, of merger related expenses and net branch consolidation benefit/expense. The remaining increase of $4.6 million in operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the corresponding prior year

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period, was partly due to the acquisition of a majority interest in Trident, which added $2.8 million of expenses, compensation and benefits expense of $1.8 million primarily related to increased employee medical benefit claims, and data processing expense of $1.2 million, as a result of the migration to a new core banking system. These increases were partly offset by a decrease in professional fees of $615,000.

Operating expenses increased to $175.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $162.0 million in the same prior year period. Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 included $3.1 million and $6.1 million, respectively, of merger related and net branch consolidation expenses. The remaining increase of $16.2 million in operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the corresponding prior year period, was partly due to the impact of Trident, which added $6.0 million of expenses, and increases in compensation and benefits expense of $5.3 million partly relating to the commercial banking strategy and commercial banking hires in expansion markets of Boston and Baltimore, data processing expense of $4.6 million as a result of the migration to a new core banking system, and federal deposit insurance and regulatory assessments of $1.0 million as a result of a higher assessment base and multiplier. These increases were partly offset by a decrease in amortization of core deposit intangible of $551,000.

Income Tax Expense

The provision for income taxes was $12.3 million and $29.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to $7.4 million and $28.1 million for the same prior year periods. The effective tax rate was 24.1% and 23.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to 23.3% and 24.3% for the same prior year periods.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The primary sources of liquidity specifically available to OceanFirst Financial Corp. are dividends from the Bank, proceeds from sale of investments, and the issuance of preferred and common stock, and debt. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the holding company received dividend payments of $50.0 million from the Bank. At September 30, 2022, OceanFirst Financial Corp. held $38.2 million in cash.

The Bank’s primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and investments, FHLB advances, other borrowings, and proceeds from the sale of loans and investments. While scheduled payments on loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows, loan prepayments, and loan and investment sales are greatly influenced by interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. The Bank has other sources of liquidity if a need for additional funds arises, including various lines of credit at multiple financial institutions and access to the Federal Reserve Bank discount window.

At September 30, 2022, the Bank had $500.0 million of short-term advances and $14.2 million of overnight borrowings from the FHLB, as compared to $0 at December 31, 2021. The Bank regularly utilizes overnight and short-term borrowings to fund short-term liquidity needs.

The Company’s cash needs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were primarily satisfied by the net proceeds from FHLB advances, deposits, which included the issuance of brokered time deposits, principal repayments on debt securities and loans, and proceeds from maturities and calls of debt maturities. The cash was principally utilized for loan originations, purchases of residential loan pools, purchases of debt and equity securities, redemption of subordinated debt, and dividend payments. The Company’s cash needs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily satisfied by the increase in deposits, proceeds from sales of loans and equity investments, principal repayments on debt securities held-to-maturity, and proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities. The cash was principally utilized for purchases of debt and equity securities, a purchase of a residential loan pool, and loan originations.

In the normal course of business, the Bank routinely enters into various off-balance-sheet commitments, primarily relating to the origination and sale of loans. At September 30, 2022, outstanding commitments to originate loans totaled $439.5 million and outstanding undrawn lines of credit totaled $1.72 billion, of which $1.34 billion were commitments to commercial and commercial construction borrowers and $382.3 million were commitments to consumer borrowers and residential construction borrowers. Commitments to fund undrawn lines of credit and commitments to originate loans are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the existing contracts. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company’s exposure to credit risk is represented by the contractual amount of the instruments.

Time deposits scheduled to mature in one year or less totaled $866.3 million at September 30, 2022.

At September 30, 2022, the Company also had various contractual obligations, which included debt obligations of $805.4 million, including finance lease obligations of $1.8 million, and an additional $20.4 million in operating lease obligations included in other liabilities. The Company expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in the normal course of business.

The Company has a detailed contingency funding plan and obtains comprehensive reporting of funding trends on a monthly and quarterly basis, which are reviewed by management. Management also monitors cash on a daily basis to determine the liquidity needs of the Company and the Bank. Additionally, management performs multiple liquidity stress test scenarios on a quarterly basis. The Company and Bank continue to maintain adequate liquidity under all stress scenarios.

Under the Company’s stock repurchase program, shares of OceanFirst Financial Corp. common stock may be purchased in the open market and through other privately-negotiated transactions, from time-to-time, depending on market conditions. The repurchased shares are held as treasury stock for general corporate purposes. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 373,223 shares of its common stock, at a total cost of $7.4 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company repurchased 460,009 and 1.5 million shares of its common stock, respectively, at a total cost of $9.7 million and $30.6 million, respectively. At September 30, 2022, there were 2,934,438 shares available to be repurchased under the authorized stock repurchase program.

Cash dividends on common stock declared and paid during the first nine months of September 30, 2022 were $31.8 million, as compared to $30.4 million for the same prior year period. The increase in dividends was a result of an increase in the dividend rate from $0.17 to $0.20 per common share. On October 24, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash

12

dividend of $0.20 per common share. The dividend is payable on November 18, 2022 to common stockholders of record at the close of business on November 7, 2022.

Cash dividends on preferred stock declared and paid during the first nine months of September 30, 2022 and 2021 were $3.0 million for both periods. The Company’s Board of Directors also declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.4375 per depositary share, representing 1/40th interest in the Series A Preferred Stock, payable on November 15, 2022 to preferred stockholders of record on October 31, 2022.

The Company’s ability to continue to pay dividends remains dependent upon capital distributions from the Bank, which may be adversely affected by capital restraints imposed by applicable regulations. The Company cannot predict whether the Bank will be permitted under applicable regulations to pay a dividend to the Company. If applicable regulations or regulatory bodies prevent the Bank from paying a dividend to the Company, the Company may not have the liquidity necessary to pay a dividend in the future or pay a dividend at the same rate as historically paid or be able to meet current debt obligations. Additionally, regulations of the Federal Reserve may prevent the Company from either paying or increasing the cash dividend to common stockholders.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company and the Bank satisfy all regulatory capital requirements currently applicable as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Actual				For capital adequacy purposes					To be well-capitalized under prompt corrective action
As of September 30, 2022	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Bank:
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	$	1,097,654	9.23	%	$	475,574	4.00	%		$	594,467	5.00	%
Common equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)	1,097,654		10.98		699,932		7.00		(1)	649,937		6.50
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	1,097,654		10.98		849,918		8.50		(1)	799,923		8.00
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	1,154,421		11.55		1,049,899		10.50		(1)	999,903		10.00
Company:
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	$	1,106,915	9.30	%	$	475,873	4.00	%		N/A		N/A
Common equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)	978,012		9.69		706,355		7.00		(1)	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	1,106,915		10.97		857,717		8.50		(1)	N/A		N/A
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	1,289,224		12.78		1,059,533		10.50		(1)	N/A		N/A
As of December 31, 2021
Bank:
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	$	1,027,660	9.08	%	$	452,669	4.00	%		$	565,836	5.00	%
Common equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)	1,027,660		11.62		619,178		7.00		(1)	574,951		6.50
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	1,027,660		11.62		751,860		8.50		(1)	707,633		8.00
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	1,079,766		12.21		928,768		10.50		(1)	884,541		10.00
Company:
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)	$	1,044,518	9.22	%	$	453,087	4.00	%		N/A		N/A
Common equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)	917,088		10.26		625,801		7.00		(1)	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	1,044,518		11.68		759,902		8.50		(1)	N/A		N/A
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	1,257,372		14.06		938,702		10.50		(1)	N/A		N/A

(1)Includes the Capital Conservation Buffer of 2.50%.

The Company and the Bank satisfied the criteria to be “well-capitalized” under the Prompt Corrective Action Regulations.

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company maintained a stockholders’ equity to total assets ratio of 12.14% and 12.92%, respectively.

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Non-Performing Assets

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s non-performing assets, consisting of non-performing loans and other real estate owned. It is the policy of the Company to cease accruing interest on loans 90 days or more past due or in the process of foreclosure.

	September 30,			December 31,
	2022			2021
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans:
Commercial real estate – investor	$	9,866		$	3,614
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	1,976			11,904
Commercial and industrial	321			277
Residential real estate	5,958			6,114
Other consumer	3,377			3,585
Total non-performing loans	21,498			25,494
Other real estate owned	—			106
Total non-performing assets	$	21,498		$	25,600
PCD loans, net of allowance for loan credit losses	$	29,249		$	41,817
Delinquent loans 30-89 days	$	11,846		$	14,546
Allowance for loan credit losses as a percent of total loans	0.55		%	0.57		%
Allowance for loan credit losses as a percent of total non-performing loans	248.96			191.61
Non-performing loans as a percent of total loans receivable	0.22			0.30
Non-performing assets as a percent of total assets	0.17			0.22

The Company’s non-performing loans totaled $21.5 million at September 30, 2022, as compared to $25.5 million at December 31, 2021, primarily due to loans that were paid off and partly due to loans that returned to accrual status. Included in the non-performing loans total was $10.0 million and $11.3 million of troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Included in the non-performing loans total was $3.0 million and $6.5 million of PCD loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. At September 30, 2022, the allowance for loan credit losses totaled $53.5 million, or 0.55% of total loans, as compared to $48.9 million, or 0.57% of total loans, at December 31, 2021. These ratios exclude existing net unamortized credit and PCD marks on acquired loans of $13.6 million and $18.9 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. 

The Company classifies loans and other assets in accordance with regulatory guidelines. The table below excludes any loans held-for-sale and represents Special Mention and Substandard assets (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Special Mention	$	54,330	$	91,607
Substandard	97,353		148,557

The decreases in special mention and substandard loans were primarily due to improved profitability of borrowers and their ability to service their loans. The decrease in special mention also included one commercial loan of $14.1 million, which was repaid in full during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Critical Accounting Policies

Note 1 to the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”), as supplemented by this report, contains a summary of significant accounting policies. Various elements of these accounting policies, by their nature, are subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments. Certain assets are carried in the consolidated statements of financial condition at estimated fair value or the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Policies with respect to the methodology used to determine the allowance for credit losses is a critical accounting policy and estimate because of its importance to the presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The critical accounting policy involves a higher degree of complexity and requires management to make difficult and subjective judgments which often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. The use of different judgments, assumptions, and estimates could result in material differences in the results of operations or financial condition. The critical accounting policy and its application is reviewed periodically, and at least annually, with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2022

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” as part of an initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards for income taxes. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify generally accepted accounting principles for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This update was effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions”. The amendments in this ASU clarify that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. In addition, this update introduces new disclosure requirements to provide information about the contractual sales restriction including the nature and remaining duration of the restriction. This update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures”. The amendments in this ASU were issued to (1) eliminate accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for loan refinancings and restructurings when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty; (2) require disclosures of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. For entities that have adopted the amendments in ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, this update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively, except for the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, where there is an option to apply a modified retrospective transition method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company plans to adopt this standard on January 1, 2023 and is currently evaluating the impact of this standard to the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, FASB issued ASU 2022-01 “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method”, which made targeted improvements to the optional hedge accounting model with the objective of improving hedge accounting to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. This update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted for any entity that has adopted the amendments in ASU 2017-12 for the corresponding period. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Safe Harbor Statement

In addition to historical information, this quarterly report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 which are based on certain assumptions and describe future plans, strategies and expectations of OceanFirst Financial Corp. (the “Company”). These forward-looking statements are generally identified by use of the words “believe”, “expect”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “project”, “will”, “should”, “may”, “view”, “opportunity”, “potential”, or similar expressions or expressions of confidence.

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The Company’s ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries include, but are not limited to: implications arising from the termination of the proposed merger with Partners Bancorp; the impact of the COVID-19 or any other pandemic on our operations and financial results and those of our customers, changes in interest rates, inflation, general economic conditions, levels of unemployment in the Bank’s lending area, real estate market values in the Bank’s lending area, future natural disasters and increases to flood insurance premiums, the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, terrorism or other geopolitical events, the level of prepayments on loans and mortgage-backed securities, legislative/regulatory changes, volatility and deterioration in the credit and equity markets, our ability to access low-cost funding, monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the quality or composition of the loan or investment portfolios, demand for loan products, deposit flows, competition, demand for financial services in the Company’s market area, changes in accounting principles, a failure in or breach of the Company’s operational or security systems or infrastructure, including cyberattacks; and the Bank’s ability to successfully integrate acquired operations.

These risks and uncertainties are further discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, under Item 1A - Risk Factors and elsewhere, and subsequent securities filings and should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. The Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to publicly release the result of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company’s interest rate sensitivity is monitored through the use of interest rate risk (“IRR”) modeling. The following table sets forth the amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities outstanding at September 30, 2022, which were estimated by the Company, based upon certain assumptions, to reprice or mature in each of the future time periods shown. At September 30, 2022, the Company’s one-year gap was positive 7.90% as compared to positive 14.15% at December 31, 2021.

The table is intended to provide an approximation of the projected repricing of assets and liabilities at September 30, 2022 on the basis of contractual maturities, anticipated prepayments, scheduled rate adjustments, and the rate sensitivity of non-maturity deposits within a three month period and subsequent selected time intervals.

At September 30, 2022	3 Months or Less			More than 3 Months to 1 Year			More than 1 Year to 3 Years			More than 3 Years to 5 Years			More than 5 Years			Total
(dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning deposits and short-term investments	$	24,618		$	2,877		$	1,637		$	—		$	—		$	29,132
Debt securities	428,968			116,384			257,157			246,065			502,106			1,550,680
Equity investments	—			1,976			—			—			79,746			81,722
Restricted equity investments	—			—			—			—			77,556			77,556
Loans receivable (1)	2,867,647			906,276			2,012,915			1,708,759			2,226,712			9,722,309
Total interest-earning assets	3,321,233			1,027,513			2,271,709			1,954,824			2,886,120			11,461,399
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing checking accounts	1,363,083			193,502			447,123			362,170			1,543,986			3,909,864
Money market deposit accounts	49,750			51,889			120,292			331,950			195,348			749,229
Savings accounts	110,277			127,553			288,159			225,694			818,789			1,570,472
Time deposits	319,431			547,092			497,972			29,314			10,548			1,404,357
FHLB advances	514,200			—			—			—			—			514,200
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings	166,100			145			123,875			525			558			291,203
Total interest-bearing liabilities	2,522,841			920,181			1,477,421			949,653			2,569,229			8,439,325
Interest sensitivity gap (2)	$	798,392		$	107,332		$	794,288		$	1,005,171		$	316,891		$	3,022,074
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap	$	798,392		$	905,724		$	1,700,012		$	2,705,183		$	3,022,074		$	3,022,074
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap as a percent of total interest-earning assets	6.97		%	7.90		%	14.83		%	23.60		%	26.37		%	26.37		%

(1)For purposes of the gap analysis, loans receivable includes loans held for sale and non-performing loans gross of the allowance for loan credit losses, unamortized discounts and deferred loan costs and fees.

(2)Interest sensitivity gap represents the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Certain shortcomings are inherent in gap analysis. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in market interest rates. Additionally, certain assets, such as adjustable-rate loans, have features which restrict changes in interest rates both on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset. Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, loan prepayment rates and average lives of deposits would likely deviate significantly from those assumed in the calculation. Finally, the ability of many borrowers to service their adjustable-rate loans may be impaired in the event of an interest rate increase.

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Additionally, the table below sets forth the Company’s exposure to IRR as measured by the change in economic value of equity (“EVE”) and net interest income under varying rate shocks as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. All methods used to measure interest rate sensitivity involve the use of assumptions, which may tend to oversimplify the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. The Company’s interest rate sensitivity should be reviewed in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto contained in the 2021 Form 10-K.

	September 30, 2022										December 31, 2021
Change in Interest Rates in Basis Points (Rate Shock)	Economic Value of Equity						Net Interest Income				Economic Value of Equity						Net Interest Income
	Amount		% Change		EVE Ratio		Amount		% Change		Amount		% Change		EVE Ratio		Amount		% Change
(dollars in thousands)
300	$	1,543,173	(12.7)	%	14.3	%	$	449,321	5.4	%	$	1,817,134	24.5	%	16.7	%	$	346,723	10.3	%
200	1,611,932		(8.8)		14.5		441,660		3.6		1,738,602		19.1		15.6		336,816		7.1
100	1,650,035		(6.7)		14.4		432,993		1.6		1,621,984		11.1		14.2		325,960		3.7
Static	1,768,413		—		14.9		426,313		—		1,459,706		—		12.5		314,395		—
(100)	1,682,967		(4.8)		13.9		405,872		(4.8)		1,230,947		(15.7)		10.3		299,994		(4.6)

The change in interest rate sensitivity was impacted by the deployment of cash into loans, a shift out of overnight borrowings into short-term borrowings, a slowdown in loan and securities prepayment speeds, and a significant increase in market interest rates.

As is the case with the gap calculation, certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the EVE and net interest income IRR measurements. The model requires the making of certain assumptions which may tend to oversimplify the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. First, the model assumes that the composition of the Company’s interest sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured. Second, the model assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration to maturity or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Third, the model does not take into account the Company’s business or strategic plans or any steps it may take to respond to changes in rates. Accordingly, although the above measurements provide an indication of the Company’s IRR exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on the Company’s EVE and net interest income, and can be expected to differ from actual results.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”). Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act with the SEC (1) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (2) is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

18

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	170,668	$	204,949
Debt securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value	470,300		568,255
Debt securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for securities credit losses of $1,234 at September 30, 2022 and $1,467 at December 31, 2021 (estimated fair value of $905,426 at September 30, 2022 and $1,152,744 at December 31, 2021)	1,027,712		1,139,193
Equity investments	81,722		101,155
Restricted equity investments, at cost	77,556		53,195
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan credit losses of $53,521 at September 30, 2022 and $48,850 at December 31, 2021	9,672,488		8,583,352
Loans held-for-sale	3,549		—
Interest and dividends receivable	38,388		32,606
Other real estate owned	—		106
Premises and equipment, net	127,868		125,828
Bank owned life insurance	261,118		259,207
Assets held for sale	3,216		6,229
Goodwill	506,146		500,319
Core deposit intangible	14,656		18,215
Other assets	228,066		147,007
Total assets	$	12,683,453	$	11,739,616
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Deposits	$	9,959,469	$	9,732,816
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances	514,200		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289		118,769
Other borrowings	194,914		229,141
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance	25,457		20,305
Other liabilities	352,908		122,032
Total liabilities	11,143,237		10,223,063
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, $1,000 liquidation preference, 5,000,000 shares authorized, and 57,370 shares issued at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	1		1
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized, 61,872,065 and 61,535,381 shares issued at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; and 59,138,507 and 59,175,046 shares outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	612		611
Additional paid-in capital	1,153,072		1,146,781
Retained earnings	499,967		442,306
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(38,496)		(2,821)
Less: Unallocated common stock held by Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP")	(6,797)		(8,615)
Treasury stock, 2,733,558 and 2,360,335 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	(69,106)		(61,710)
OceanFirst Financial Corp. stockholders’ equity	1,539,253		1,516,553
Non-controlling interest	963		—
Total stockholders’ equity	1,540,216		1,516,553
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	12,683,453	$	11,739,616

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

19

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Interest income:
Loans	$	100,141	$	78,889	$	273,340	$	233,845
Debt securities	8,479		5,040		23,456		16,379
Equity investments and other	1,879		1,491		4,102		3,411
Total interest income	110,499		85,420		300,898		253,635
Interest expense:
Deposits	9,238		5,379		17,596		20,200
Borrowed funds	5,296		2,909		12,313		8,683
Total interest expense	14,534		8,288		29,909		28,883
Net interest income	95,965		77,132		270,989		224,752
Credit loss expense (benefit)	1,016		(3,179)		4,121		(10,259)
Net interest income after credit loss expense (benefit)	94,949		80,311		266,868		235,011
Other income:
Bankcard services revenue	1,509		3,409		7,782		10,052
Trust and asset management revenue	568		584		1,835		1,774
Fees and service charges	6,320		2,973		17,026		10,519
Net gain (loss) on sales of loans	168		(15)		348		3,180
Net gain (loss) on equity investments	3,362		(466)		(7,502)		8,397
Net gain (loss) from other real estate operations	—		(3)		48		(12)
Income from bank owned life insurance	1,356		1,640		4,881		4,771
Commercial loan swap income	1,471		1,588		6,546		2,772
Other	396		173		579		1,068
Total other income	15,150		9,883		31,543		42,521
Operating expenses:
Compensation and employee benefits	34,124		30,730		97,972		89,008
Occupancy	5,288		5,005		15,790		15,380
Equipment	1,150		1,124		3,856		4,008
Marketing	655		496		2,242		1,555
Federal deposit insurance and regulatory assessments	1,757		1,459		5,435		4,422
Data processing	6,560		5,363		18,466		13,796
Check card processing	1,231		1,337		3,728		4,012
Professional fees	2,502		3,089		8,296		8,317
Amortization of core deposit intangible	1,171		1,354		3,559		4,110
Branch consolidation (benefit) expense, net	(346)		4,014		602		5,051
Merger related expenses	298		225		2,459		1,052
Other operating expense	4,607		4,477		12,748		11,315
Total operating expenses	58,997		58,673		175,153		162,026
Income before provision for income taxes	51,102		31,521		123,258		115,506
Provision for income taxes	12,298		7,354		29,212		28,087
Net income	38,804		24,167		94,046		87,419
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	193		—		715		—
Net income attributable to OceanFirst Financial Corp.	38,611		24,167		93,331		87,419
Dividends on preferred shares	1,004		1,004		3,012		3,012
Net income available to common stockholders	$	37,607	$	23,163	$	90,319	$	84,407
Basic earnings per share	$	0.64	$	0.40	$	1.54	$	1.42
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.64	$	0.39	$	1.53	$	1.41
Average basic shares outstanding	58,681		59,311		58,777		59,619
Average diluted shares outstanding	58,801		59,515		58,918		59,862

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

20

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Net income	$	38,804	$	24,167	$	94,046	$	87,419
Other comprehensive loss:
Net unrealized loss on debt securities (net of tax benefit of $3,023 and $11,411 in 2022 and tax benefit of $232 and $446 in 2021)	(9,490)		(855)		(35,858)		(1,658)
Accretion of unrealized loss on debt securities reclassified to held-to-maturity (net of tax expense of $60 and $186 in 2022 and tax expense of $66 and $209 in 2021)	87		95		265		303
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (net of tax benefit of $26 in 2022)	—		—		(82)		—
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(9,403)		(760)		(35,675)		(1,355)
Total comprehensive income	29,401		23,407		58,371		86,064
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest	193		—		715		—
Comprehensive income attributable to OceanFirst Financial Corp.	29,208		23,407		57,656		86,064
Less: Dividends on preferred shares	1,004		1,004		3,012		3,012
Comprehensive income available to common stockholders	$	28,204	$	22,403	$	54,644	$	83,052

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

21

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Employee Stock Ownership Plan		Treasury Stock		Non-Controlling Interest		Total
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	1	$	611	$	1,143,907	$	417,658	$	26	$	(6,824)	$	(46,590)	$	—	$	1,508,789
Net income	—		—		—		24,167		—		—		—		—		24,167
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		—		(760)		—		—		—		(760)
Stock compensation	—		—		1,505		—		—		—		—		—		1,505
Allocation of ESOP stock	—		—		31		—		—		305		—		—		336
Cash dividend $0.17 per share	—		—		—		(10,100)		—		—		—		—		(10,100)
Exercise of stock options	—		—		5		—		—		—		—		—		5
Repurchase 460,009 shares of common stock	—		—		—		—		—		—		(9,689)		—		(9,689)
Preferred stock dividend	—		—		—		(1,004)		—		—		—		—		(1,004)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	1	$	611	$	1,145,448	$	430,721	$	(734)	$	(6,519)	$	(56,279)	$	—	$	1,513,249
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	1	$	612	$	1,151,363	$	474,114	$	(29,093)	$	(7,403)	$	(69,106)	$	944	$	1,521,432
Net income	—		—		—		38,611		—		—		—		193		38,804
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		—		(9,403)		—		—		—		(9,403)
Stock compensation	—		—		1,619		—		—		—		—		—		1,619
Allocation of ESOP stock	—		—		(5)		—		—		606		—		—		601
Cash dividend $0.20 per share	—		—		—		(11,752)		—		—		—		—		(11,752)
Exercise of stock options	—		—		95		—		—		—		—		—		95
Preferred stock dividend	—		—		—		(1,004)		—		—		—		—		(1,004)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		—		(2)		—		—		—		(174)		(176)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	1	$	612	$	1,153,072	$	499,967	$	(38,496)	$	(6,797)	$	(69,106)	$	963	$	1,540,216

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

22

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Employee Stock Ownership Plan		Treasury Stock		Non-Controlling Interest		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	1	$	609	$	1,137,715	$	378,268	$	621	$	(7,433)	$	(25,651)	$	—	$	1,484,130
Net income	—		—		—		87,419		—		—		—		—		87,419
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		—		(1,355)		—		—		—		(1,355)
Stock compensation	—		—		4,231		—		—		—		—		—		4,231
Allocation of ESOP stock	—		—		142		—		—		914		—		—		1,056
Cash dividend $0.51 per share	—		—		—		(30,425)		—		—		—		—		(30,425)
Exercise of stock options	—		2		3,360		(1,529)		—		—		—		—		1,833
Repurchase 1,460,009 shares of common stock	—		—		—		—		—		—		(30,628)		—		(30,628)
Preferred stock dividend	—		—		—		(3,012)		—		—		—		—		(3,012)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	1	$	611	$	1,145,448	$	430,721	$	(734)	$	(6,519)	$	(56,279)	$	—	$	1,513,249
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	1	$	611	$	1,146,781	$	442,306	$	(2,821)	$	(8,615)	$	(61,710)	$	—	$	1,516,553
Net income	—		—		—		93,331		—		—		—		715		94,046
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		—		(35,675)		—		—		—		(35,675)
Stock compensation	—		—		5,019		—		—		—		—		—		5,019
Allocation of ESOP stock	—		—		30		—		—		1,818		—		—		1,848
Cash dividend $0.54 per share	—		—		—		(31,767)		—		—		—		—		(31,767)
Exercise of stock options	—		1		1,242		(897)		—		—		—		—		346
Repurchase 373,223 shares of common stock	—		—		—		—		—		—		(7,396)		—		(7,396)
Preferred stock dividend	—		—		—		(3,012)		—		—		—		—		(3,012)
Acquisition of Trident Abstract Title Agency, LLC (“Trident”)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		836		836
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		—		6		—		—		—		(588)		(582)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	1	$	612	$	1,153,072	$	499,967	$	(38,496)	$	(6,797)	$	(69,106)	$	963	$	1,540,216

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

23

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(dollars in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(Unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	94,046	$	87,419
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment	8,526		6,150
Allocation of ESOP stock	1,848		1,056
Stock compensation	5,019		4,231
Net excess tax expense on stock compensation	215		93
Amortization of servicing asset	77		60
Net premium amortization in excess of discount accretion on securities	5,522		5,719
Net amortization of deferred costs on borrowings	416		688
Amortization of core deposit intangible	3,559		4,110
Net accretion of purchase accounting adjustments	(7,433)		(10,720)
Net amortization of deferred costs and discounts on loans	349		606
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	4,121		(10,259)
Net gain on sale of other real estate owned	(54)		—
Net write down of fixed assets held-for-sale to net realizable value	1,427		3,114
Net (gain) loss on sale of fixed assets	(52)		11
Net loss (gain) on equity securities	7,502		(8,397)
Net gain on sales of loans	(348)		(3,180)
Proceeds from sales of residential loans held for sale	10,266		101,992
Mortgage loans originated for sale	(13,677)		(53,935)
Increase in value of bank owned life insurance	(4,881)		(4,771)
Net gain on sale of assets held for sale	(1,947)		(318)
(Increase) decrease in interest and dividends receivable	(5,782)		2,757
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	(66)		570
(Increase) decrease in other assets	(84,582)		29,366
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	185,927		(37,311)
Total adjustments	115,952		31,632
Net cash provided by operating activities	209,998		119,051
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net increase in loans receivable	(938,915)		(203,104)
Proceeds from sale of loans	13,388		825
Purchase of residential loan pool	(161,701)		(219,745)
Premiums paid on purchased loan pool	(495)		(6,318)
Purchase of debt securities available-for-sale	(64,862)		(200,034)
Purchase of debt securities held-to-maturity	(26,666)		(381,032)
Purchase of equity investments	(5,935)		(85,077)
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities available-for-sale	84,200		93,835
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities held-to-maturity	25,126		22,125
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available-for-sale	30,257		—
Proceeds from sale of equity investments	19,235		98,776
Principal repayments on debt securities available-for-sale	—		114
Principal repayments on debt securities held-to-maturity	111,283		168,059
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	2,970		9,952
Proceeds from the redemption of restricted equity investments	164,939		1,110
Purchases of restricted equity investments	(189,300)		(2,069)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	160		—
Proceeds from sales of assets held-for-sale	7,676		2,601
Purchases of premises and equipment	(14,358)		(26,493)
Purchases of operating lease equipment	(4,789)		—
Net cash consideration received for acquisition	38,609		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(909,178)		(726,475)

24

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

(dollars in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(Unaudited)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Increase in deposits	$	227,192	$	347,672
(Decrease) increase in short-term borrowings	(22,480)		14,838
Net proceeds from FHLB advances	514,200		—
Repayments of other borrowings	(35,076)		(7,585)
Increase in advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance	5,152		4,918
Exercise of stock options	346		1,833
Payment of employee taxes withheld from stock awards	(1,473)		(1,176)
Purchase of treasury stock	(7,396)		(30,628)
Dividends paid	(34,779)		(33,437)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(582)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	645,104		296,435
Net decrease in cash and due from banks and restricted cash	(54,076)		(310,989)
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at beginning of period	224,784		1,318,661
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period	$	170,708	$	1,007,672
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period	$	204,949	$	1,272,134
Restricted cash at beginning of period	19,835		46,527
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	224,784	$	1,318,661
Cash and due from banks at end of period	$	170,668	$	981,126
Restricted cash at end of period	40		26,546
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period	$	170,708	$	1,007,672
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	27,953	$	28,009
Income taxes	12,633		38,707
Non-cash activities:
Accretion of unrealized loss on securities reclassified to held-to-maturity	451		512
Net loan recoveries	(335)		(442)
Transfer of loans receivable to loans held-for-sale	13,178		12,781
Transfer of premises and equipment to assets held-for-sale	2,776		1,476
Acquisition:
Non-cash assets acquired:
Other current assets	$	238	$	—
Premises and equipment	18		—
Right of use (“ROU”) asset	779		—
Other assets	81		—
Total non-cash assets acquired	$	1,116	$	—
Liabilities assumed:
Lease liability	$	779	$	—
Other liabilities	43,937		—
Total liabilities assumed	$	44,716	$	—

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

25

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include: the accounts of OceanFirst Financial Corp. (the “Company”), its wholly-owned subsidiaries, OceanFirst Bank N.A. (the “Bank”) and OceanFirst Risk Management, Inc.; the Bank’s direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, OceanFirst REIT Holdings, Inc., OceanFirst Management Corp., OceanFirst Realty Corp., Casaba Real Estate Holdings Corporation, and Country Property Holdings, Inc; and a majority controlling interest in Trident Abstract Title Agency, LLC. Certain other subsidiaries were dissolved in 2022 and are included in the consolidated financial statements for previous periods. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The interim consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the full year 2022 or any other period. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the statements of financial condition and the results of operations for the periods presented. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

26

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2. Business Combinations

Trident Acquisition

On April 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of a majority controlling interest of 60% in Trident. Trident provides commercial and residential title services throughout New Jersey, and through strategic alliances can also service clients’ title insurance needs outside of New Jersey. The acquisition is complimentary to the Company’s existing consumer and commercial lending business. Total consideration paid was $7.1 million and goodwill from the transaction amounted to $5.8 million.

The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, the purchase price has been allocated to the respective assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values. The excess of consideration paid over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding the net assets attributable to the non-controlling interest, has been recorded as goodwill.

The Company consolidated Trident’s assets, liabilities and components of comprehensive income within its consolidated results. Thus, the consolidated results include amounts attributable to the Company and the non-controlling interest. Amounts attributable to the non-controlling interest are presented separately as a single line on the Consolidated Statements of Income (net income attributable to non-controlling interest) and the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (non-controlling interest in stockholders’ equity). Amounts attributed to the non-controlling interest are based upon the ownership interest in Trident that the Company does not own. For further discussion on the accounting for this arrangement refer to Note 11 Variable Interest Entity, of this Form 10-Q.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by the Company at the date of the acquisition for Trident, net of total consideration paid (in thousands):

	At April 1, 2022
	Estimated Fair Value
Total purchase price:	$	7,084
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	45,693
Other current assets	238
Premises and equipment	18
ROU asset	779
Other assets	81
Total assets acquired	46,809
Liabilities assumed:
Lease liability	779
Other liabilities	43,937
Total liabilities assumed	44,716
Net assets acquired	$	2,093
Net assets attributable to non-controlling interest	$	836
Goodwill recorded	$	5,827

The calculation of goodwill is subject to change for up to one year after the date of acquisition as additional information relative to the closing date estimates and uncertainties become available. As the Company finalizes its review of the acquired assets and liabilities, certain adjustments to the recorded carrying values may be required.

27

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 3. Earnings per Share

The following reconciles shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Weighted average shares outstanding	59,134	59,722	59,245	60,050
Less: Unallocated ESOP shares	(363)	(353)	(393)	(369)
Unallocated incentive award shares	(90)	(58)	(75)	(62)
Average basic shares outstanding	58,681	59,311	58,777	59,619
Add: Effect of dilutive securities:
Incentive awards	120	204	141	243
Average diluted shares outstanding	58,801	59,515	58,918	59,862

For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, antidilutive stock options of 1,552,000 were excluded from the earnings per share calculation. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, antidilutive stock options of 1,573,000 and 1,566,000, respectively, were excluded from the earnings per share calculation.

28

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 4. Securities

The amortized cost, estimated fair value, and allowance for securities credit losses of debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Allowance for Credit Losses
At September 30, 2022
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	107,198			$	(8,099)	$	99,099	$	—
Corporate debt securities	5,000		—		(628)		4,372		—
Asset-backed securities	296,228		—		(21,355)		274,873		—
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)	110,871		—		(18,915)		91,956		—
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	519,297	$	—	$	(48,997)	$	470,300	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations	$	263,614	$	—	$	(31,052)	$	232,562	$	(63)
Corporate debt securities	59,000		403		(3,135)		56,268		(1,135)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency residential	674,356		103		(89,696)		584,763		—
Agency commercial	7,440		6		(279)		7,167		—
Non-agency commercial	26,973		—		(2,307)		24,666		(36)
Total mortgage-backed securities	708,769		109		(92,282)		616,596		(36)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	1,031,383	$	512	$	(126,469)	$	905,426	$	(1,234)
Total debt securities	$	1,550,680	$	512	$	(175,466)	$	1,375,726	$	(1,234)
At December 31, 2021
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	164,756	$	1,135	$	(471)	$	165,420	$	—
Corporate debt securities	5,000		42		(11)		5,031		—
Asset-backed securities	298,976		41		(1,489)		297,528		—
Agency commercial MBS	101,142		57		(923)		100,276		—
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	569,874	$	1,275	$	(2,894)	$	568,255	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal, and sovereign debt obligations	$	281,389	$	10,185	$	(1,164)	$	290,410	$	(85)
Corporate debt securities	68,823		1,628		(1,279)		69,172		(1,343)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency residential	756,844		6,785		(7,180)		756,449		—
Agency commercial	4,385		7		(44)		4,348		—
Non-agency commercial	32,107		362		(104)		32,365		(39)
Total mortgage-backed securities	793,336		7,154		(7,328)		793,162		(39)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	1,143,548	$	18,967	$	(9,771)	$	1,152,744	$	(1,467)
Total debt securities	$	1,713,422	$	20,242	$	(12,665)	$	1,720,999	$	(1,467)

There was no allowance for securities credit losses on debt securities available-for-sale at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021. The unrealized losses across security classes were due to interest rate movements. In addition, the asset-backed securities, which are largely comprised of collateralized-loan obligations, and the corporate debt securities were also impacted by credit spread widening across the fixed income markets. All of these securities are rated investment grade.

29

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held-to-maturity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Allowance for securities credit losses
Beginning balance	$	(1,293)	$	(1,609)	$	(1,467)	$	(1,715)
Credit loss benefit	59		106		233		212
Total ending allowance balance	$	(1,234)	$	(1,503)	$	(1,234)	$	(1,503)

The Company monitors the credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity on a quarterly basis through the use of internal credit analysis supplemented by external credit ratings. Credit ratings of BBB- or Baa3 or higher are considered investment grade. Where multiple ratings are available, the Company considers the lowest rating when determining the allowance for securities credit losses. Under this approach, the amortized cost of debt securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022, aggregated by credit quality indicator, are as follows (in thousands):

	Investment Grade		Non-Investment Grade/Non-rated		Total
As of September 30, 2022
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations	$	263,614	$	—	$	263,614
Corporate debt securities	43,635		15,365		59,000
Non-agency commercial MBS	26,973		—		26,973
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	334,222	$	15,365	$	349,587

During 2021 and 2013, the Bank transferred $12.7 million and $536.0 million, respectively, of previously designated available-for-sale securities to a held-to-maturity designation at estimated fair value. The securities transferred had an unrealized net loss of $209,000 and $13.3 million at the time of transfer in 2021 and 2013, respectively, which continues to be reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition, net of subsequent amortization, which is being recognized over the life of the securities. The carrying value of the debt securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands): 

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Amortized cost	$	1,031,383	$	1,143,548
Net loss on date of transfer from available-for-sale	(13,556)		(13,556)
Allowance for securities credit losses	(1,234)		(1,467)
Accretion of net unrealized loss on securities reclassified as held-to-maturity	11,119		10,668
Carrying value	$	1,027,712	$	1,139,193

There were $131,000 and $23,000 of realized gains on debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. There were no realized gains or losses on debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2022 by contractual maturity are shown below (in thousands).

September 30, 2022	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Less than one year	$	55,326	$	54,972
Due after one year through five years	166,980		154,459
Due after five years through ten years	225,771		205,348
Due after ten years	282,963		252,395
	$	731,040	$	667,174

30

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities in instances where issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. At September 30, 2022, corporate debt securities, state and municipal obligations, and asset-backed securities with an amortized cost of $56.0 million, $75.0 million, and $296.2 million, respectively, and an estimated fair value of $52.7 million, $68.7 million, and $274.9 million, respectively, were callable prior to the maturity date. Mortgage-backed securities are excluded from the above table since their effective lives are expected to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments.

The estimated fair value of securities pledged for the ability to draw on FHLB advances, access to the Federal Reserve discount window, and other borrowings and for other purposes required by law amounted to $866.5 million and $1.14 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which included $105.5 million and $142.9 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, pledged as collateral for securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

31

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The estimated fair value and unrealized losses for debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, segregated by the duration of the unrealized losses, are as follows (in thousands):

	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
At September 30, 2022
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	75,464	$	(5,924)	$	23,635	$	(2,175)	$	99,099	$	(8,099)
Corporate debt securities	3,496		(504)		877		(124)		4,373		(628)
Asset-backed securities	216,926		(16,650)		57,947		(4,705)		274,873		(21,355)
Agency commercial MBS	77,878		(16,233)		14,078		(2,682)		91,956		(18,915)
Total debt securities available-for-sale	373,764		(39,311)		96,537		(9,686)		470,301		(48,997)
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations	172,090		(22,460)		58,649		(8,592)		230,739		(31,052)
Corporate debt securities	14,142		(319)		36,516		(2,816)		50,658		(3,135)
MBS:
Agency residential	252,724		(26,933)		318,925		(62,763)		571,649		(89,696)
Agency commercial	3,609		(242)		2,092		(37)		5,701		(279)
Non-agency commercial	20,512		(1,981)		4,154		(326)		24,666		(2,307)
Total MBS	276,845		(29,156)		325,171		(63,126)		602,016		(92,282)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	463,077		(51,935)		420,336		(74,534)		883,413		(126,469)
Total debt securities	$	836,841	$	(91,246)	$	516,873	$	(84,220)	$	1,353,714	$	(175,466)
At December 31, 2021
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	82,395	$	(471)	$	—	$	—	$	82,395	$	(471)
Corporate debt securities	1,989		(11)		—		—		1,989		(11)
Asset-backed securities	279,486		(1,489)		—		—		279,486		(1,489)
Agency commercial MBS	80,726		(923)		—		—		80,726		(923)
Total debt securities available-for-sale	444,596		(2,894)		—		—		444,596		(2,894)
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal, and sovereign debt obligations	75,329		(1,063)		4,383		(101)		79,712		(1,164)
Corporate debt securities	38,304		(1,279)		—		—		38,304		(1,279)
MBS:
Agency residential	445,399		(5,822)		50,133		(1,358)		495,532		(7,180)
Agency commercial	2,255		(41)		886		(3)		3,141		(44)
Non-agency commercial	10,722		(104)		—		—		10,722		(104)
Total MBS	458,376		(5,967)		51,019		(1,361)		509,395		(7,328)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	572,009		(8,309)		55,402		(1,462)		627,411		(9,771)
Total debt securities	$	1,016,605	$	(11,203)	$	55,402	$	(1,462)	$	1,072,007	$	(12,665)

The Company concluded that debt securities were not impaired at September 30, 2022 based on a consideration of several factors. The Company noted that each issuer made all the contractually due payments when required. There were no defaults on principal or interest payments, and no interest payments were deferred. Based on management’s analysis of each individual security, the issuers appear to have the ability to meet debt service requirements over the life of the security. Furthermore, the change in net unrealized losses were primarily due to changes in the general credit and interest rate environment and not credit quality. Historically, the Company has not utilized securities sales as a source of liquidity and the Company’s liquidity plans include adequate sources of liquidity outside the securities portfolio.

32

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Equity Investments

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company held equity investments of $81.7 million and $101.2 million, respectively. The equity investments primarily comprised of select financial services institutions’ preferred and common stocks and, to a lesser extent, other equity investments in funds and other financial institutions.

The realized and unrealized gains or losses on equity securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are shown in the table below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net gain (loss) on equity investments	$	3,362	$	(466)	$	(7,502)	$	8,397
Less: Net gains recognized on equity securities sold	—		—		1,351		8,123
Unrealized gain (loss) recognized on equity securities still held	$	3,362	$	(466)	$	(8,853)	$	274

33

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 5. Loans Receivable, Net

Loans receivable, net at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Commercial:
Commercial real estate – investor	$	5,007,637	$	4,378,061
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	983,784		1,055,065
Commercial and industrial (1)	652,620		449,224
Total commercial	6,644,041		5,882,350
Consumer:
Residential real estate	2,813,209		2,479,701
Home equity loans and lines and other consumer (“other consumer”)	261,510		260,819
Total consumer	3,074,719		2,740,520
Total loans receivable	9,718,760		8,622,870
Deferred origination costs, net of fees	7,249		9,332
Allowance for loan credit losses	(53,521)		(48,850)
Total loans receivable, net	$	9,672,488	$	8,583,352

(1) The commercial and industrial loans balance at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 includes Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans of $3.0 million and $22.9 million, respectively.

The Company categorizes all loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company evaluates risk ratings on an ongoing basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

    Pass: Loans classified as Pass are well protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the borrower.

    Special Mention: Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date.

    Substandard: Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

    Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

34

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following tables summarize total loans by year of origination, internally assigned credit grades and risk characteristics (in thousands):

	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Total
September 30, 2022
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass	$	936,746	$	1,354,997	$	574,752	$	507,749	$	214,473	$	948,538	$	374,043	$	4,911,298
Special Mention	—		—		193		19,021		9,303		8,628		2,188		39,333
Substandard	—		—		—		20,759		—		35,703		544		57,006
Total commercial real estate - investor	936,746		1,354,997		574,945		547,529		223,776		992,869		376,775		5,007,637
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	67,572		118,428		61,004		115,273		90,050		479,174		9,837		941,338
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		757		10,018		—		10,775
Substandard	—		—		3,750		5,730		4,860		16,231		1,100		31,671
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied	67,572		118,428		64,754		121,003		95,667		505,423		10,937		983,784
Commercial and industrial
Pass	45,285		25,101		15,232		17,468		11,921		49,371		481,519		645,897
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		262		1,722		1,984
Substandard	—		—		106		1,586		316		2,606		125		4,739
Total commercial and industrial	45,285		25,101		15,338		19,054		12,237		52,239		483,366		652,620
Residential real estate (1)
Pass	829,041		595,233		431,072		253,353		103,330		597,224		—		2,809,253
Special Mention	—		—		—		131		—		1,690		—		1,821
Substandard	—		—		—		—		287		1,848		—		2,135
Total residential real estate	829,041		595,233		431,072		253,484		103,617		600,762		—		2,813,209
Other consumer (1)
Pass	19,582		25,869		16,332		15,940		42,026		117,718		21,824		259,291
Special Mention	—		—		—		164		22		231		—		417
Substandard	—		—		—		—		18		1,784		—		1,802
Total other consumer	19,582		25,869		16,332		16,104		42,066		119,733		21,824		261,510
Total loans	$	1,898,226	$	2,119,628	$	1,102,441	$	957,174	$	477,363	$	2,271,026	$	892,902	$	9,718,760

(1)For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.

35

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Total
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass	$	1,387,753	$	609,916	$	535,551	$	274,662	$	375,646	$	800,089	$	255,613	$	4,239,230
Special Mention	—		—		23,794		9,400		2,731		28,663		582		65,170
Substandard	—		4,267		28,802		468		8,495		28,228		3,401		73,661
Total commercial real estate - investor	1,387,753		614,183		588,147		284,530		386,872		856,980		259,596		4,378,061
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	116,355		71,196		125,212		91,531		109,232		449,966		10,913		974,405
Special Mention	—		—		1,365		3,829		479		14,371		2		20,046
Substandard	—		—		14,166		8,549		5,606		31,576		717		60,614
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied	116,355		71,196		140,743		103,909		115,317		495,913		11,632		1,055,065
Commercial and industrial
Pass	42,955		22,573		22,878		16,404		8,671		50,887		271,818		436,186
Special Mention	—		—		231		350		85		172		3,645		4,483
Substandard	—		457		2,281		813		198		2,029		2,777		8,555
Total commercial and industrial	42,955		23,030		25,390		17,567		8,954		53,088		278,240		449,224
Residential real estate (1)
Pass	876,135		475,134		288,699		127,756		105,385		602,331		—		2,475,440
Special Mention	—		212		—		61		—		1,313		—		1,586
Substandard	—		—		—		—		351		2,324		—		2,675
Total residential real estate	876,135		475,346		288,699		127,817		105,736		605,968		—		2,479,701
Other consumer (1)
Pass	26,512		19,168		18,179		51,954		17,955		123,783		—		257,551
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		322		—		322
Substandard	—		—		—		18		—		2,928		—		2,946
Total other consumer	26,512		19,168		18,179		51,972		17,955		127,033		—		260,819
Total loans	$	2,449,710	$	1,202,923	$	1,061,158	$	585,795	$	634,834	$	2,138,982	$	549,468	$	8,622,870

(1) For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.

36

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

	Commercial Real Estate – Investor		Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied		Commercial and  Industrial		Residential Real Estate		Other Consumer		Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	22,608	$	5,021	$	5,240	$	18,196	$	996	$	52,061
Credit loss expense (benefit)	82		(1,047)		554		1,618		1		1,208
Charge-offs	(3)		—		—		—		(2)		(5)
Recoveries	3		48		69		44		93		257
Balance at end of period	$	22,690	$	4,022	$	5,863	$	19,858	$	1,088	$	53,521
For the three months ended September 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	33,037	$	6,350	$	4,404	$	8,818	$	1,267	$	53,876
Credit loss (benefit) expense	(9,902)		515		1,962		3,081		235		(4,109)
Charge-offs	—		(64)		(50)		(12)		(37)		(163)
Recoveries	5		26		50		292		176		549
Balance at end of period	$	23,140	$	6,827	$	6,366	$	12,179	$	1,641	$	50,153
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	25,504	$	5,884	$	5,039	$	11,155	$	1,268	$	48,850
Credit loss (benefit) expense	(2,865)		(2,003)		720		8,612		(128)		4,336
Charge-offs	(3)		(18)		—		(56)		(358)		(435)
Recoveries	54		159		104		147		306		770
Balance at end of period	$	22,690	$	4,022	$	5,863	$	19,858	$	1,088	$	53,521
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	26,703	$	15,054	$	5,390	$	11,818	$	1,770	$	60,735
Credit loss (benefit) expense	(3,336)		(8,225)		958		284		(705)		(11,024)
Charge-offs	(345)		(64)		(83)		(254)		(193)		(939)
Recoveries	118		62		101		331		769		1,381
Balance at end of period	$	23,140	$	6,827	$	6,366	$	12,179	$	1,641	$	50,153

A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and, therefore, is classified as non-accruing. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had collateral dependent loans with an amortized cost balance as follows: commercial real estate - investor of $3.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively, commercial real estate - owner occupied of $2.0 million and $11.9 million, respectively, and commercial and industrial of $321,000 and $277,000, respectively. In addition, the Company had residential and consumer loans collateralized by residential real estate, which are in the process of foreclosure, with an amortized cost balance of $1.1 million and $438,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the Company was $0 and $106,000, respectively.

37

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans, by loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Commercial real estate – investor	$	9,866	$	3,614
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	1,976		11,904
Commercial and industrial	321		277
Residential real estate	5,958		6,114
Other consumer	3,377		3,585
	$	21,498	$	25,494

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the non-accrual loans were included in the allowance for credit loss calculation and the Company did not recognize or accrue interest income on these loans. At September 30, 2022, there was one PPP loan for $21,000 that was past due greater than 90 days and still accruing interest. Per Small Business Association (“SBA”) guidelines, the SBA will pay accrued interest through the deferral period up to a maximum of 120 days past due. Given these servicing guidelines, PPP loans that are 90 to120 days past due will be reported as accruing loans. At December 31, 2021, there was one loan for $46,000 that was 90 days or greater past due and still accruing interest that was fully paid on January 14, 2022.

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 by loan portfolio segment (in thousands):

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Loans Not Past Due		Total
September 30, 2022
Commercial real estate – investor	$	—	$	968	$	2,025	$	2,993	$	5,004,644	$	5,007,637
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	428		5,613		85		6,126		977,658		983,784
Commercial and industrial	1,472		450		—		1,922		650,698		652,620
Residential real estate	6		1,821		2,136		3,963		2,809,246		2,813,209
Other consumer	671		417		1,801		2,889		258,621		261,510
	$	2,577	$	9,269	$	6,047	$	17,893	$	9,700,867	$	9,718,760
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate – investor	$	1,717	$	102	$	1,709	$	3,528	$	4,374,533	$	4,378,061
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	599		—		575		1,174		1,053,891		1,055,065
Commercial and industrial	25		151		277		453		448,771		449,224
Residential real estate	9,705		1,586		2,675		13,966		2,465,735		2,479,701
Other consumer	339		322		2,946		3,607		257,212		260,819
	$	12,385	$	2,161	$	8,182	$	22,728	$	8,600,142	$	8,622,870

The Company classifies certain loans as troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) loans when credit terms to a borrower in financial difficulty are modified. The modifications may include a reduction in rate, an extension in term, the capitalization of past due amounts and/or the restructuring of scheduled principal payments. Residential real estate and consumer loans where the borrower’s debt is discharged in a bankruptcy filing are also considered TDR loans. For these loans, the Bank retains its security interest in the real estate collateral. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, TDR loans totaled $16.1 million and $23.6 million, respectively. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $10.0 million and $11.3 million, respectively, of TDR loans included in the non-accrual loan totals. At September 30, 2022 the Company had a $667,000 specific reserve allocated to a loan that was classified as a TDR loan. At December 31, 2021, the Company had no specific reserves allocated to loans that were classified as TDR loans. Non-accrual loans which become TDR loans are generally returned to accrual status after six months of performance. In addition to the TDR loans included in non-accrual loans, the Company also has TDR loans classified as accruing loans, which totaled $6.1 million and $12.3 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. 

38

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table presents information about TDR loans which occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):

	Number of Loans	Pre-modification Recorded Investment		Post-modification Recorded Investment
Three months ended September 30, 2022
Troubled debt restructurings:
Other consumer	3	$	114	$	124
Three months ended September 30, 2021
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1	$	93	$	110
Nine months ended September 30, 2022
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial and industrial	1	$	65	$	65
Other consumer	6	1,105		1,233
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial real estate – investor	1	$	4,903	$	4,903
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1	93		110
Residential real estate	3	244		336
Other consumer	2	26		33

There were no TDR loans that defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, which were modified within the preceding year. There was one TDR commercial real estate - investor loan for $923,000 that defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, which was modified within the preceding year and the loan was subsequently paid in full as of June 30, 2022.

Note 6. Deposits

The major types of deposits at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Type of Account	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Non-interest-bearing	$	2,325,547	$	2,412,056
Interest-bearing checking	3,909,864		4,201,736
Money market deposit	749,229		736,090
Savings	1,570,472		1,607,933
Time deposits	1,404,357		775,001
Total deposits	$	9,959,469	$	9,732,816

Included in time deposits at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $94.1 million and $145.4 million, respectively, in deposits of $250,000 or more. Time deposits also include brokered deposits of $828.7 million and $25.0 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

39

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 7. Borrowed Funds

Borrowed funds at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
FHLB advances	$	514,200	$	—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289		118,769
Other borrowings	194,914		229,141
Total borrowed funds	$	805,403	$	347,910

At September 30, 2022, there were $500.0 million of short-term advances and $14.2 million of overnight borrowings from the FHLB, as compared to $0 at December 31, 2021.

In March 2022, the Company redeemed $35.0 million of subordinated debt due September 30, 2026. The debt carried an interest rate of 4.14% based on a floating rate of three months LIBOR plus 392 basis points.

40

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 8. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability shall not be adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement costs). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, a fair value hierarchy has been established for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlations or other means.

Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect an entity’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

Debt Securities Available-for-Sale

Debt securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value. Fair value for these debt securities is determined using inputs other than quoted prices that are based on market observable information (Level 2). Level 2 debt securities are priced through third-party pricing services or security industry sources that actively participate in the buying and selling of securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations and matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but comparing the debt securities to benchmark or comparable debt securities.

Equity Investments

Equity investments with readily determinable fair value are reported at fair value. Fair value for these investments is primarily determined using a quoted price in an active market or exchange (Level 1) or using inputs other than quoted prices that are based on market observable information (Level 2). Fair value for certain securities, including convertible preferred stock, was determined using broker or dealer quotes with limited levels of activity and price transparency (Level 3). Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus adjustments resulting from

41

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer (measurement alternative).

Interest Rate Derivatives

The Company’s interest rate swaps and cap contracts are reported at fair value utilizing discounted cash flow models provided by an independent, third-party and observable market data (Level 2). When entering into an interest rate swap or cap contract, the Company is exposed to fair value changes due to interest rate movements, and also the potential nonperformance of the contract counterparty.

Other Real Estate Owned and Loans Individually Measured for Impairment

Other real estate owned and loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral are recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs. Fair value is based on independent appraisals (Level 3).

The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
	Total Fair Value		Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs
September 30, 2022
Items measured on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available-for-sale	$	470,300	$	—	$	470,300	$	—
Equity investments	62,343		566		61,777		—
Interest rate derivative asset	122,605		—		122,605		—
Interest rate derivative liability	(122,618)		—		(122,618)		—
Items measured on a non-recurring basis:
Equity investments (1)	19,379		—		—		19,379
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (2)	7,268		—		—		7,268
December 31, 2021
Items measured on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available-for-sale	$	568,255	$	—	$	568,255	$	—
Equity investments	90,726		14,608		73,400		2,718
Interest rate derivative asset	22,787		—		22,787		—
Interest rate derivative liability	(22,855)		—		(22,855)		—
Items measured on a non-recurring basis:
Equity investments	10,429		—		—		10,429
Other real estate owned	106		—		—		106
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (2)	16,233		—		—		16,233

(1)    Primarily consists of $16.8 million of equity investments measured under the measurement alternative, which included a $2.5 million unrealized gain for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

(2) Primarily consists of commercial loans, which are collateral dependent. The amounts are based on independent appraisals, which may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors, such as economic factors and estimated liquidation expenses. The range may vary but is generally 0% to 8% on the discount for costs to sell and 0% to 10% on appraisal adjustments.

42

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table reconciles, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the beginning and ending balances for equity investments that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Beginning balance	$	—	$	2,978	$	2,718	$	2,540
Total losses included in earnings	—		(622)		—		(184)
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		(2,718)		—
Ending balance	$	—	$	2,356	$	—	$	2,356

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the valuation hierarchy at the end of the applicable reporting periods. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company executed its right to convert $2.7 million of preferred stock into common stock, which resulted in a transfer from Level 3 into Level 1. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 assets and liabilities in the fair value hierarchy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Assets and Liabilities Disclosed at Fair Value

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities disclosed at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy is set forth below.

Cash and Due from Banks

For cash and due from banks, the carrying amount approximates fair value.

Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity

Debt securities classified as held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost, as the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold these debt securities to maturity. The Company determines the fair value of the debt securities utilizing Level 2 and, infrequently, Level 3 inputs. Most of the Company’s debt securities are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange, but are bought and sold in active markets. Prices for these instruments are obtained through third-party pricing vendors or security industry sources that actively participate in the buying and selling of debt securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations and matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific debt securities, but comparing the debt securities to benchmark or comparable debt securities.

Management’s policy is to obtain and review all available documentation from the third-party pricing service relating to their fair value determinations, including their methodology and summary of inputs. Management reviews this documentation, makes inquiries of the third-party pricing service and decides as to the level of the valuation inputs. Based on the Company’s review of the available documentation from the third-party pricing service, management concluded that Level 2 inputs were utilized for all securities except for certain state and municipal obligations, known as bond anticipation notes, as well as certain debt securities where management utilized Level 3 inputs, such as broker or dealer quotes with limited levels of activity and price transparency.

Restricted Equity Investments

The fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, Federal Reserve Bank stock, and Atlantic Community Bankers Bank is its carrying value since this is the amount for which it could be redeemed. There is no active market for this stock and the Company is required to maintain a minimum investment as stipulated by the respective entities.

Loans Receivable and Loans Held-for-Sale

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as residential real estate, consumer and commercial. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable rate interest terms.

Fair value of performing and non-performing loans was estimated by discounting the future cash flows, net of estimated prepayments, at a rate for which similar loans would be originated to new borrowers with similar terms.

The fair value of loans was measured using the exit price notion.

43

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Deposits Other than Time Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest-bearing demand deposits, savings, and interest-bearing checking accounts and money market accounts is, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand. The related insensitivity of the majority of these deposits to interest rate changes creates a significant inherent value which is not reflected in the fair value reported.

Time Deposits

The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase with Customers

Fair value approximates the carrying amount as these borrowings are payable on demand and the interest rate adjusts monthly.

Borrowed Funds

Fair value estimates are based on discounting contractual cash flows using rates which approximate the rates offered for borrowings of similar remaining maturities.

The book value and estimated fair value of the Company’s significant financial instruments not recorded at fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are presented in the following tables (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
	Book Value		Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs
September 30, 2022
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	170,668	$	170,668	$	—	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity	1,027,712		—		893,044		12,382
Restricted equity investments	77,556		—		—		77,556
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	9,676,037		—		—		8,992,317
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	8,555,112		—		8,555,112		—
Time deposits	1,404,357		—		1,365,574		—
FHLB advances and other borrowings	709,114		—		722,430		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289		96,289		—		—
December 31, 2021
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	204,949	$	204,949	$	—	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity	1,139,193		—		1,138,529		14,215
Restricted equity investments	53,195		—		—		53,195
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	8,583,352		—		—		8,533,506
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	8,957,815		—		8,957,815		—
Time deposits	775,001		—		773,766		—
Other borrowings	229,141		—		251,491		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	118,769		118,769		—		—

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because a limited market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience,

44

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other significant unobservable inputs. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include premises and equipment, bank owned life insurance, deferred tax assets and goodwill. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

45

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 9. Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Other Financial Instruments

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments which involve, to varying degrees, interest rate, market and credit risk. The Company manages these risks as part of its asset and liability management process and through credit policies and procedures, seeking to minimize counterparty credit risk by establishing credit limits and collateral agreements. The Company utilizes certain derivative financial instruments to enhance its ability to manage interest rate risk that exists as part of its ongoing business operations. The derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company are an economic hedge of a derivative offering to its customers. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

Customer Derivatives – Interest Rate Swaps and Cap Contracts

The Company enters into interest rate swaps that allow commercial loan customers to effectively convert a variable-rate commercial loan agreement to a fixed-rate commercial loan agreement. Under these agreements, the Company enters into a variable-rate loan agreement with a customer in addition to an interest rate swap agreement, which serves to effectively swap the customer’s variable-rate loan into a fixed-rate loan. The Company then enters into a corresponding swap agreement with a third party in order to economically hedge its exposure through the customer agreement. The Company also enters into interest rate cap contracts that enable commercial loan customers to lock in a cap on a variable-rate commercial loan agreement. This feature prevents the loan from repricing to a level that exceeds the cap contract’s specified interest rate, which serves to hedge the risk from rising interest rates. The Company then enters into an offsetting interest rate cap contract with a third party in order to economically hedge its exposure through the customer agreement.

The interest rate swaps and cap contracts with both the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and are marked to market through earnings. As the interest rate swaps and cap contracts are structured to offset each other, changes to the underlying benchmark interest rates considered in the valuation of these instruments do not result in an impact to earnings; however, there may be fair value adjustments related to credit quality variations between counterparties, which may impact earnings as required by FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements. The Company recognized a gain of $19,000 and $56,000 in commercial loan swap income resulting from the fair value adjustment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to gains of $14,000 and $55,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The notional amount of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments was $1.30 billion and $938.7 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The table below presents the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as well as their location on the consolidated statements of financial condition (in thousands):

	Fair Value
Balance Sheet Location	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Other assets	$	122,605	$	22,787
Other liabilities	122,618		22,855

Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features

The Company is a party to International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements with third party broker-dealers that require a minimum dollar transfer amount upon a margin call. This requirement is dependent on certain specified credit measures. The amount of collateral posted with third parties was $40,000 and $19.8 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The amount of collateral received from third parties was $112.1 million and $0 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The amount of collateral posted with third parties and received from third parties is deemed to be sufficient to collateralize both the fair market value change as well as any additional amounts that may be required as a result of a change in the specified credit measures. The aggregate fair value of all derivative financial instruments in a liability position with credit measure contingencies and entered into with third parties was $122.6 million and $22.9 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

46

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 10. Leases

A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company’s leases are comprised of real estate property for branches, automated teller machine locations and office space with terms extending through 2038. The Company has one existing finance lease, which has a lease term through 2029.

The following table represents the classification of the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition (in thousands):

		September 30,		December 31,
		2022		2021
Lease ROU Assets	Classification
Operating lease ROU assets	Other assets	$	19,474	$	17,442
Finance lease ROU asset	Premises and equipment, net	1,347		1,495
Total lease ROU assets		$	20,821	$	18,937
Lease Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities (1)	Other liabilities	$	20,430	$	17,982
Finance lease liability	Other borrowings	1,750		1,904
Total lease liabilities		$	22,180	$	19,886

(1) Operating lease liabilities excludes liabilities for future rent and estimated lease termination payments related to closed branches of $8.2 million at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The calculated amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities are impacted by the lease term and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease agreements often include one or more options to renew the lease at the Company’s discretion. If the exercise of a renewal option is considered to be reasonably certain, the Company includes the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. For the discount rate, Leases (Topic 842) requires the Company to use the rate implicit in the lease, provided the rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, at lease inception, over a similar term. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the Company used the incremental borrowing rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019. For the finance lease, the Company utilized its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception.

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases	7.04 years		8.22 years
Finance lease	6.85 years		7.59 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	2.84	%	2.97	%
Finance lease	5.63		5.63

47

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table represents lease expenses and other lease information (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease Expense
Operating lease expense	$	1,159	$	1,498	$	3,857	$	4,459
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of ROU assets	49		50		149		149
Interest on lease liabilities(1)	24		28		76		85
Total	$	1,232	$	1,576	$	4,082	$	4,693
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	955	$	1,322	$	3,366	$	4,119
Operating cash flows from finance leases	24		28		76		85
Financing cash flows from finance leases	52		50		154		146

(1)Included in borrowed funds interest expense on the consolidated statements of income. All other costs are included in occupancy expense.

Future minimum payments for the finance lease and operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Finance Lease		Operating Leases
For the Twelve Months Ending September 30,
2023	$	307	$	4,268
2024	307		3,790
2025	307		3,841
2026	307		3,075
2027	307		2,198
Thereafter	568		5,721
Total	2,103		22,893
Less: Imputed interest	(353)		(2,463)
Total lease liabilities	$	1,750	$	20,430

48

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 11. Variable Interest Entity

On April 1, 2022, the Company acquired a 60% ownership in Trident, and held a variable interest in the entity. Trident meets the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) under ASC 810, Consolidation, for which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary (i.e. the party that has a controlling financial interest). In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, the Company has consolidated Trident’s assets and liabilities. For further discussion on the acquisition of Trident refer to Note 2 Business Combinations, to this Form 10-Q.

The summarized financial information for the Company’s consolidated VIE consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,234
Other assets	1,079
Total assets	34,313
Other liabilities	31,906
Net assets	$	2,407

Note 12. Subsequent Events

As previously disclosed, on November 4, 2021, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Partners Bancorp (“Partners”) and Coastal Merger Sub Corp. (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, (i) Merger Sub would merge with and into Partners, with Partners as the surviving entity, and (ii) immediately thereafter, Partners would merge with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving entity.

On November 9, 2022, the Company and Partners entered into a Mutual Termination Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, the Company and Partners mutually agreed to terminate the Merger Agreement and transactions contemplated thereby, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 9, 2022. Each party will bear its own costs and expenses in connection with the terminated transaction, and neither party will pay a termination fee in connection with the termination of the Merger Agreement. The Termination Agreement also mutually releases the parties from any claims of liability to one another relating to the Merger Agreement and the terminated transaction.

49

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company and the Bank are not involved in any pending legal proceedings other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. Such routine legal proceedings in the aggregate are believed by management to be immaterial to the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For a summary of risk factors relevant to the Company, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in the 2021 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to risk factors relevant to the Company’s operations since December 31, 2021. Additional risks not presently known to the Company, or that the Company currently deems immaterial, may also adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On June 25, 2021, the Company announced the authorization by the Board of Directors to repurchase up to an additional 5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, or 3.0 million shares. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the three month period ended September 30, 2022. At September 30, 2022, there were 2,934,438 shares available for repurchase under the Company’s stock repurchase program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not Applicable.

50

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No:	Exhibit Description	Reference
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed here within this document
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed here within this document
32.0	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as added by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed here within this document
101.0	The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
104.0	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

51

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

OceanFirst Financial Corp.

Registrant

DATE:	November 9, 2022	/s/ Christopher D. Maher
		Christopher D. Maher
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

DATE:	November 9, 2022	/s/ Patrick S. Barrett
		Patrick S. Barrett
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

52

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Christopher D. Maher, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of OceanFirst Financial Corp.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 9, 2022	/s/ Christopher D. Maher
		Christopher D. Maher
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
		(principal executive officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Patrick S. Barrett, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of OceanFirst Financial Corp.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 9, 2022	/s/ Patrick S. Barrett
		Patrick S. Barrett
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial officer)

EX-32.0

Exhibit 32.0

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADDED BY SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of OceanFirst Financial Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as added by §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.To my knowledge the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.

/s/ Christopher D. Maher

Christopher D. Maher

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

November 9, 2022

/s/ Patrick S. Barrett

Patrick S. Barrett

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

November 9, 2022

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Nov. 04, 2022
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-11713
Entity Registrant Name	OceanFirst Financial Corp
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	22-3412577
Entity Address, Address Line One	110 West Front Street,
Entity Address, City or Town	Red Bank,
Entity Address, State or Province	NJ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	07701
City Area Code	732
Local Phone Number	240-4500
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		59,141,528
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Central Index Key	0001004702
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Common Stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $0.01 par value per share
Trading Symbol	OCFC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Depositary Shares
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 7.0% Series A Non-Cumulative, perpetual preferred stock)
Trading Symbol	OCFCP
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 170,668	$ 204,949
Debt securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value	470,300	568,255
Debt securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for securities credit losses of $1,234 at September 30, 2022 and $1,467 at December 31, 2021 (estimated fair value of $905,426 at September 30, 2022 and $1,152,744 at December 31, 2021)	1,027,712	1,139,193
Equity investments	81,722	101,155
Restricted equity investments, at cost	77,556	53,195
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan credit losses of $53,521 at September 30, 2022 and $48,850 at December 31, 2021	9,672,488	8,583,352
Loans held-for-sale	3,549	0
Interest and dividends receivable	38,388	32,606
Other real estate owned	0	106
Premises and equipment, net	127,868	125,828
Bank owned life insurance	261,118	259,207
Assets held for sale	3,216	6,229
Goodwill	506,146	500,319
Core deposit intangible	14,656	18,215
Other assets	228,066	147,007
Total assets	12,683,453	11,739,616
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Deposits	9,959,469	9,732,816
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances	514,200	0
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289	118,769
Other borrowings	194,914	229,141
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance	25,457	20,305
Other liabilities	352,908	122,032
Total liabilities	11,143,237	10,223,063
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, $1,000 liquidation preference, 5,000,000 shares authorized, and 57,370 shares issued at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	1	1
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized, 61,872,065 and 61,535,381 shares issued at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; and 59,138,507 and 59,175,046 shares outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	612	611
Additional paid-in capital	1,153,072	1,146,781
Retained earnings	499,967	442,306
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(38,496)	(2,821)
Less: Unallocated common stock held by Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP")	(6,797)	(8,615)
Treasury stock, 2,733,558 and 2,360,335 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	(69,106)	(61,710)
OceanFirst Financial Corp. stockholders’ equity	1,539,253	1,516,553
Non-controlling interest	963	0
Total stockholders’ equity	1,540,216	1,516,553
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 12,683,453	$ 11,739,616

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for credit losses	$ 1,234,000	$ 1,467,000
Securities held-to-maturity, fair value	905,426,000	1,152,744,000
Allowance for loan credit losses	$ 53,521,000	$ 48,850,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, value	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	57,370	57,370
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	61,872,065	61,535,381
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	59,138,507	59,175,046
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	2,733,558	2,360,335

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Interest income:
Loans	$ 100,141	$ 78,889	$ 273,340	$ 233,845
Debt securities	8,479	5,040	23,456	16,379
Equity investments and other	1,879	1,491	4,102	3,411
Total interest income	110,499	85,420	300,898	253,635
Interest expense:
Deposits	9,238	5,379	17,596	20,200
Borrowed funds	5,296	2,909	12,313	8,683
Total interest expense	14,534	8,288	29,909	28,883
Net interest income	95,965	77,132	270,989	224,752
Credit loss expense (benefit)	1,016	(3,179)	4,121	(10,259)
Net interest income after credit loss expense (benefit)	94,949	80,311	266,868	235,011
Other income:
Bankcard services revenue	1,509	3,409	7,782	10,052
Net gain (loss) on sales of loans	168	(15)	348	3,180
Net gain (loss) on equity investments	3,362	(466)	(7,502)	8,397
Net gain (loss) from other real estate operations	0	(3)	48	(12)
Income from bank owned life insurance	1,356	1,640	4,881	4,771
Commercial loan swap income	1,471	1,588	6,546	2,772
Other	396	173	579	1,068
Total other income	15,150	9,883	31,543	42,521
Operating expenses:
Compensation and employee benefits	34,124	30,730	97,972	89,008
Occupancy	5,288	5,005	15,790	15,380
Equipment	1,150	1,124	3,856	4,008
Marketing	655	496	2,242	1,555
Federal deposit insurance and regulatory assessments	1,757	1,459	5,435	4,422
Data processing	6,560	5,363	18,466	13,796
Check card processing	1,231	1,337	3,728	4,012
Professional fees	2,502	3,089	8,296	8,317
Amortization of core deposit intangible	1,171	1,354	3,559	4,110
Branch consolidation (benefit) expense, net	(346)	4,014	602	5,051
Merger related expenses	298	225	2,459	1,052
Other operating expense	4,607	4,477	12,748	11,315
Total operating expenses	58,997	58,673	175,153	162,026
Income before provision for income taxes	51,102	31,521	123,258	115,506
Provision for income taxes	12,298	7,354	29,212	28,087
Net income	38,804	24,167	94,046	87,419
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	193	0	715	0
Net income attributable to OceanFirst Financial Corp.	38,611	24,167	93,331	87,419
Dividends on preferred shares	1,004	1,004	3,012	3,012
Net income available to common stockholders	37,607	23,163	90,319	84,407
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 37,607	$ 23,163	$ 90,319	$ 84,407
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.64	$ 0.40	$ 1.54	$ 1.42
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.64	$ 0.39	$ 1.53	$ 1.41
Average basic shares outstanding (in shares)	58,681	59,311	58,777	59,619
Average diluted shares outstanding (in shares)	58,801	59,515	58,918	59,862
Trust and asset management revenue
Other income:
Other income	$ 568	$ 584	$ 1,835	$ 1,774
Fees and service charges
Other income:
Other income	$ 6,320	$ 2,973	$ 17,026	$ 10,519

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 38,804	$ 24,167	$ 94,046	$ 87,419
Other comprehensive loss:
Net unrealized loss on debt securities (net of tax benefit of $3,023 and $11,411 in 2022 and tax benefit of $232 and $446 in 2021)	(9,490)	(855)	(35,858)	(1,658)
Accretion of unrealized loss on debt securities reclassified to held-to-maturity (net of tax expense of $60 and $186 in 2022 and tax expense of $66 and $209 in 2021)	87	95	265	303
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (net of tax benefit of $26 in 2022)	0	0	(82)	0
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(9,403)	(760)	(35,675)	(1,355)
Total comprehensive income	29,401	23,407	58,371	86,064
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest	193	0	715	0
Comprehensive income attributable to OceanFirst Financial Corp.	29,208	23,407	57,656	86,064
Less: Dividends on preferred shares	1,004	1,004	3,012	3,012
Comprehensive income available to common stockholders	$ 28,204	$ 22,403	$ 54,644	$ 83,052

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Unrealized holding gain (loss), before adjustment, tax benefit	$ 3,023	$ 232	$ 11,411	$ 446
Accretion of unrealized loss on debt securities, tax expense	60	$ 66	186	$ 209
Reclassification adjustment from AOCI for sale of securities, tax expense (benefit)	$ 26		$ 26

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Employee Stock Ownership Plan	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Treasury Stock	Non-Controlling Interest
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 1,484,130	$ (7,433)	$ 1	$ 609	$ 1,137,715	$ 378,268	$ 621	$ (25,651)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	87,419					87,419
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(1,355)						(1,355)
Stock compensation	4,231				4,231
Allocation of ESOP stock	1,056	914			142
Cash dividend	(30,425)					(30,425)
Exercise of stock options	1,833			2	3,360	(1,529)
Repurchased shares of common stock	(30,628)							(30,628)
Preferred stock dividend	(3,012)					(3,012)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2021	1,513,249	(6,519)	1	611	1,145,448	430,721	(734)	(56,279)	0
Beginning Balance at Jun. 30, 2021	1,508,789	(6,824)	1	611	1,143,907	417,658	26	(46,590)	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	24,167					24,167
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(760)						(760)
Stock compensation	1,505				1,505
Allocation of ESOP stock	336	305			31
Cash dividend	(10,100)					(10,100)
Exercise of stock options	5			0	5
Repurchased shares of common stock	(9,689)							(9,689)
Preferred stock dividend	(1,004)					(1,004)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2021	1,513,249	(6,519)	1	611	1,145,448	430,721	(734)	(56,279)	0
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	1,516,553	(8,615)	1	611	1,146,781	442,306	(2,821)	(61,710)	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	94,046					93,331			715
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(35,675)						(35,675)
Stock compensation	5,019				5,019
Allocation of ESOP stock	1,848	1,818			30
Cash dividend	(31,767)					(31,767)
Exercise of stock options	346			1	1,242	(897)
Repurchased shares of common stock	(7,396)							(7,396)
Preferred stock dividend	(3,012)					(3,012)
Acquisition of Trident Abstract Title Agency, LLC (“Trident”)	836								836
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(582)					6			(588)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	1,540,216	(6,797)	1	612	1,153,072	499,967	(38,496)	(69,106)	963
Beginning Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	1,521,432	(7,403)	1	612	1,151,363	474,114	(29,093)	(69,106)	944
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	38,804					38,611			193
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(9,403)						(9,403)
Stock compensation	1,619				1,619
Allocation of ESOP stock	601	606			(5)
Cash dividend	(11,752)					(11,752)
Exercise of stock options	95				95	0
Preferred stock dividend	(1,004)					(1,004)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(176)					(2)			(174)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 1,540,216	$ (6,797)	$ 1	$ 612	$ 1,153,072	$ 499,967	$ (38,496)	$ (69,106)	$ 963

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividend per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.20	$ 0.17	$ 0.54	$ 0.51
Purchase of common stock (in shares)		460,009	373,223	1,460,009

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 94,046	$ 87,419
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment	8,526	6,150
Allocation of ESOP stock	1,848	1,056
Stock compensation	5,019	4,231
Net excess tax expense on stock compensation	215	93
Amortization of servicing asset	77	60
Net premium amortization in excess of discount accretion on securities	5,522	5,719
Net amortization of deferred costs on borrowings	416	688
Amortization of core deposit intangible	3,559	4,110
Net accretion of purchase accounting adjustments	(7,433)	(10,720)
Net amortization of deferred costs and discounts on loans	349	606
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	4,121	(10,259)
Net gain on sale of other real estate owned	(54)	0
Net write down of fixed assets held-for-sale to net realizable value	1,427	3,114
Net (gain) loss on sale of fixed assets	(52)	11
Net loss (gain) on equity securities	7,502	(8,397)
Net gain on sales of loans	(348)	(3,180)
Proceeds from sales of residential loans held for sale	10,266	101,992
Mortgage loans originated for sale	(13,677)	(53,935)
Increase in value of bank owned life insurance	(4,881)	(4,771)
Net gain on sale of assets held for sale	(1,947)	(318)
(Increase) decrease in interest and dividends receivable	(5,782)	2,757
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	(66)	570
(Increase) decrease in other assets	(84,582)	29,366
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	185,927	(37,311)
Total adjustments	115,952	31,632
Net cash provided by operating activities	209,998	119,051
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net increase in loans receivable	(938,915)	(203,104)
Proceeds from sale of loans	13,388	825
Purchase of residential loan pool	(161,701)	(219,745)
Premiums paid on purchased loan pool	(495)	(6,318)
Purchase of debt securities available-for-sale	(64,862)	(200,034)
Purchase of debt securities held-to-maturity	(26,666)	(381,032)
Purchase of equity investments	(5,935)	(85,077)
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities available-for-sale	84,200	93,835
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities held-to-maturity	25,126	22,125
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available-for-sale	30,257	0
Proceeds from sale of equity investments	19,235	98,776
Principal repayments on debt securities available-for-sale	0	114
Principal repayments on debt securities held-to-maturity	111,283	168,059
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	2,970	9,952
Proceeds from the redemption of restricted equity investments	164,939	1,110
Purchases of restricted equity investments	(189,300)	(2,069)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	160	0
Proceeds from sales of assets held-for-sale	7,676	2,601
Purchases of premises and equipment	(14,358)	(26,493)
Purchases of operating lease equipment	(4,789)	0
Net cash consideration received for acquisition	38,609	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(909,178)	(726,475)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Increase in deposits	227,192	347,672
(Decrease) increase in short-term borrowings	(22,480)	14,838
Net proceeds from FHLB advances	514,200	0
Repayments of other borrowings	(35,076)	(7,585)
Increase in advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance	5,152	4,918
Exercise of stock options	346	1,833
Payment of employee taxes withheld from stock awards	(1,473)	(1,176)
Purchase of treasury stock	(7,396)	(30,628)
Dividends paid	(34,779)	(33,437)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(582)	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	645,104	296,435
Net decrease in cash and due from banks and restricted cash	(54,076)	(310,989)
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at beginning of period	224,784	1,318,661
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period	204,949	1,272,134
Restricted cash at beginning of period	19,835	46,527
Cash and due from banks at end of period	170,668	981,126
Restricted cash at end of period	40	26,546
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period	170,708	1,007,672
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	27,953	28,009
Income taxes	12,633	38,707
Non-cash activities:
Accretion of unrealized loss on securities reclassified to held-to-maturity	451	512
Net loan recoveries	(335)	(442)
Transfer of loans receivable to loans held-for-sale	13,178	12,781
Transfer of premises and equipment to assets held-for-sale	2,776	1,476
Non-cash assets acquired:
Other current assets	238	0
Premises and equipment	18	0
Right of use (“ROU”) asset	779	0
Other assets	81	0
Total non-cash assets acquired	1,116	0
Liabilities assumed:
Lease liability	779	0
Other liabilities	43,937	0
Total liabilities assumed	$ 44,716	$ 0

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include: the accounts of OceanFirst Financial Corp. (the “Company”), its wholly-owned subsidiaries, OceanFirst Bank N.A. (the “Bank”) and OceanFirst Risk Management, Inc.; the Bank’s direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, OceanFirst REIT Holdings, Inc., OceanFirst Management Corp., OceanFirst Realty Corp., Casaba Real Estate Holdings Corporation, and Country Property Holdings, Inc; and a majority controlling interest in Trident Abstract Title Agency, LLC. Certain other subsidiaries were dissolved in 2022 and are included in the consolidated financial statements for previous periods. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The interim consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the full year 2022 or any other period. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the statements of financial condition and the results of operations for the periods presented. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Business Combinations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Business Combinations

Business Combinations

Trident Acquisition

On April 1, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of a majority controlling interest of 60% in Trident. Trident provides commercial and residential title services throughout New Jersey, and through strategic alliances can also service clients’ title insurance needs outside of New Jersey. The acquisition is complimentary to the Company’s existing consumer and commercial lending business. Total consideration paid was $7.1 million and goodwill from the transaction amounted to $5.8 million.

The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, the purchase price has been allocated to the respective assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values. The excess of consideration paid over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding the net assets attributable to the non-controlling interest, has been recorded as goodwill.

The Company consolidated Trident’s assets, liabilities and components of comprehensive income within its consolidated results. Thus, the consolidated results include amounts attributable to the Company and the non-controlling interest. Amounts attributable to the non-controlling interest are presented separately as a single line on the Consolidated Statements of Income (net income attributable to non-controlling interest) and the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (non-controlling interest in stockholders’ equity). Amounts attributed to the non-controlling interest are based upon the ownership interest in Trident that the Company does not own. For further discussion on the accounting for this arrangement refer to Note 11 Variable Interest Entity, of this Form 10-Q.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by the Company at the date of the acquisition for Trident, net of total consideration paid (in thousands):

	At April 1, 2022
	Estimated Fair Value
Total purchase price:	$	7,084
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	45,693
Other current assets	238
Premises and equipment	18
ROU asset	779
Other assets	81
Total assets acquired	46,809
Liabilities assumed:
Lease liability	779
Other liabilities	43,937
Total liabilities assumed	44,716
Net assets acquired	$	2,093
Net assets attributable to non-controlling interest	$	836
Goodwill recorded	$	5,827

The calculation of goodwill is subject to change for up to one year after the date of acquisition as additional information relative to the closing date estimates and uncertainties become available. As the Company finalizes its review of the acquired assets and liabilities, certain adjustments to the recorded carrying values may be required.

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Earnings per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share

The following reconciles shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Weighted average shares outstanding	59,134	59,722	59,245	60,050
Less: Unallocated ESOP shares	(363)	(353)	(393)	(369)
Unallocated incentive award shares	(90)	(58)	(75)	(62)
Average basic shares outstanding	58,681	59,311	58,777	59,619
Add: Effect of dilutive securities:
Incentive awards	120	204	141	243
Average diluted shares outstanding	58,801	59,515	58,918	59,862

For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, antidilutive stock options of 1,552,000 were excluded from the earnings per share calculation. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, antidilutive stock options of 1,573,000 and 1,566,000, respectively, were excluded from the earnings per share calculation.

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Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Securities

Securities

The amortized cost, estimated fair value, and allowance for securities credit losses of debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Allowance for Credit Losses
At September 30, 2022
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	107,198			$	(8,099)	$	99,099	$	—
Corporate debt securities	5,000		—		(628)		4,372		—
Asset-backed securities	296,228		—		(21,355)		274,873		—
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)	110,871		—		(18,915)		91,956		—
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	519,297	$	—	$	(48,997)	$	470,300	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations	$	263,614	$	—	$	(31,052)	$	232,562	$	(63)
Corporate debt securities	59,000		403		(3,135)		56,268		(1,135)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency residential	674,356		103		(89,696)		584,763		—
Agency commercial	7,440		6		(279)		7,167		—
Non-agency commercial	26,973		—		(2,307)		24,666		(36)
Total mortgage-backed securities	708,769		109		(92,282)		616,596		(36)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	1,031,383	$	512	$	(126,469)	$	905,426	$	(1,234)
Total debt securities	$	1,550,680	$	512	$	(175,466)	$	1,375,726	$	(1,234)
At December 31, 2021
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	164,756	$	1,135	$	(471)	$	165,420	$	—
Corporate debt securities	5,000		42		(11)		5,031		—
Asset-backed securities	298,976		41		(1,489)		297,528		—
Agency commercial MBS	101,142		57		(923)		100,276		—
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	569,874	$	1,275	$	(2,894)	$	568,255	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal, and sovereign debt obligations	$	281,389	$	10,185	$	(1,164)	$	290,410	$	(85)
Corporate debt securities	68,823		1,628		(1,279)		69,172		(1,343)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency residential	756,844		6,785		(7,180)		756,449		—
Agency commercial	4,385		7		(44)		4,348		—
Non-agency commercial	32,107		362		(104)		32,365		(39)
Total mortgage-backed securities	793,336		7,154		(7,328)		793,162		(39)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	1,143,548	$	18,967	$	(9,771)	$	1,152,744	$	(1,467)
Total debt securities	$	1,713,422	$	20,242	$	(12,665)	$	1,720,999	$	(1,467)

There was no allowance for securities credit losses on debt securities available-for-sale at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021. The unrealized losses across security classes were due to interest rate movements. In addition, the asset-backed securities, which are largely comprised of collateralized-loan obligations, and the corporate debt securities were also impacted by credit spread widening across the fixed income markets. All of these securities are rated investment grade.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held-to-maturity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Allowance for securities credit losses
Beginning balance	$	(1,293)	$	(1,609)	$	(1,467)	$	(1,715)
Credit loss benefit	59		106		233		212
Total ending allowance balance	$	(1,234)	$	(1,503)	$	(1,234)	$	(1,503)

The Company monitors the credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity on a quarterly basis through the use of internal credit analysis supplemented by external credit ratings. Credit ratings of BBB- or Baa3 or higher are considered investment grade. Where multiple ratings are available, the Company considers the lowest rating when determining the allowance for securities credit losses. Under this approach, the amortized cost of debt securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022, aggregated by credit quality indicator, are as follows (in thousands):

	Investment Grade		Non-Investment Grade/Non-rated		Total
As of September 30, 2022
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations	$	263,614	$	—	$	263,614
Corporate debt securities	43,635		15,365		59,000
Non-agency commercial MBS	26,973		—		26,973
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	334,222	$	15,365	$	349,587

During 2021 and 2013, the Bank transferred $12.7 million and $536.0 million, respectively, of previously designated available-for-sale securities to a held-to-maturity designation at estimated fair value. The securities transferred had an unrealized net loss of $209,000 and $13.3 million at the time of transfer in 2021 and 2013, respectively, which continues to be reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition, net of subsequent amortization, which is being recognized over the life of the securities. The carrying value of the debt securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands): 

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Amortized cost	$	1,031,383	$	1,143,548
Net loss on date of transfer from available-for-sale	(13,556)		(13,556)
Allowance for securities credit losses	(1,234)		(1,467)
Accretion of net unrealized loss on securities reclassified as held-to-maturity	11,119		10,668
Carrying value	$	1,027,712	$	1,139,193

There were $131,000 and $23,000 of realized gains on debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. There were no realized gains or losses on debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2022 by contractual maturity are shown below (in thousands).

September 30, 2022	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Less than one year	$	55,326	$	54,972
Due after one year through five years	166,980		154,459
Due after five years through ten years	225,771		205,348
Due after ten years	282,963		252,395
	$	731,040	$	667,174

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities in instances where issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. At September 30, 2022, corporate debt securities, state and municipal obligations, and asset-backed securities with an amortized cost of $56.0 million, $75.0 million, and $296.2 million, respectively, and an estimated fair value of $52.7 million, $68.7 million, and $274.9 million, respectively, were callable prior to the maturity date. Mortgage-backed securities are excluded from the above table since their effective lives are expected to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments.

The estimated fair value of securities pledged for the ability to draw on FHLB advances, access to the Federal Reserve discount window, and other borrowings and for other purposes required by law amounted to $866.5 million and $1.14 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which included $105.5 million and $142.9 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, pledged as collateral for securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

The estimated fair value and unrealized losses for debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, segregated by the duration of the unrealized losses, are as follows (in thousands):

	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
At September 30, 2022
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	75,464	$	(5,924)	$	23,635	$	(2,175)	$	99,099	$	(8,099)
Corporate debt securities	3,496		(504)		877		(124)		4,373		(628)
Asset-backed securities	216,926		(16,650)		57,947		(4,705)		274,873		(21,355)
Agency commercial MBS	77,878		(16,233)		14,078		(2,682)		91,956		(18,915)
Total debt securities available-for-sale	373,764		(39,311)		96,537		(9,686)		470,301		(48,997)
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations	172,090		(22,460)		58,649		(8,592)		230,739		(31,052)
Corporate debt securities	14,142		(319)		36,516		(2,816)		50,658		(3,135)
MBS:
Agency residential	252,724		(26,933)		318,925		(62,763)		571,649		(89,696)
Agency commercial	3,609		(242)		2,092		(37)		5,701		(279)
Non-agency commercial	20,512		(1,981)		4,154		(326)		24,666		(2,307)
Total MBS	276,845		(29,156)		325,171		(63,126)		602,016		(92,282)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	463,077		(51,935)		420,336		(74,534)		883,413		(126,469)
Total debt securities	$	836,841	$	(91,246)	$	516,873	$	(84,220)	$	1,353,714	$	(175,466)
At December 31, 2021
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	82,395	$	(471)	$	—	$	—	$	82,395	$	(471)
Corporate debt securities	1,989		(11)		—		—		1,989		(11)
Asset-backed securities	279,486		(1,489)		—		—		279,486		(1,489)
Agency commercial MBS	80,726		(923)		—		—		80,726		(923)
Total debt securities available-for-sale	444,596		(2,894)		—		—		444,596		(2,894)
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal, and sovereign debt obligations	75,329		(1,063)		4,383		(101)		79,712		(1,164)
Corporate debt securities	38,304		(1,279)		—		—		38,304		(1,279)
MBS:
Agency residential	445,399		(5,822)		50,133		(1,358)		495,532		(7,180)
Agency commercial	2,255		(41)		886		(3)		3,141		(44)
Non-agency commercial	10,722		(104)		—		—		10,722		(104)
Total MBS	458,376		(5,967)		51,019		(1,361)		509,395		(7,328)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	572,009		(8,309)		55,402		(1,462)		627,411		(9,771)
Total debt securities	$	1,016,605	$	(11,203)	$	55,402	$	(1,462)	$	1,072,007	$	(12,665)

The Company concluded that debt securities were not impaired at September 30, 2022 based on a consideration of several factors. The Company noted that each issuer made all the contractually due payments when required. There were no defaults on principal or interest payments, and no interest payments were deferred. Based on management’s analysis of each individual security, the issuers appear to have the ability to meet debt service requirements over the life of the security. Furthermore, the change in net unrealized losses were primarily due to changes in the general credit and interest rate environment and not credit quality. Historically, the Company has not utilized securities sales as a source of liquidity and the Company’s liquidity plans include adequate sources of liquidity outside the securities portfolio.

Equity Investments

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company held equity investments of $81.7 million and $101.2 million, respectively. The equity investments primarily comprised of select financial services institutions’ preferred and common stocks and, to a lesser extent, other equity investments in funds and other financial institutions.

The realized and unrealized gains or losses on equity securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are shown in the table below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net gain (loss) on equity investments	$	3,362	$	(466)	$	(7,502)	$	8,397
Less: Net gains recognized on equity securities sold	—		—		1,351		8,123
Unrealized gain (loss) recognized on equity securities still held	$	3,362	$	(466)	$	(8,853)	$	274

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Loans Receivable, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans Receivable, Net

Loans Receivable, Net

Loans receivable, net at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Commercial:
Commercial real estate – investor	$	5,007,637	$	4,378,061
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	983,784		1,055,065
Commercial and industrial (1)	652,620		449,224
Total commercial	6,644,041		5,882,350
Consumer:
Residential real estate	2,813,209		2,479,701
Home equity loans and lines and other consumer (“other consumer”)	261,510		260,819
Total consumer	3,074,719		2,740,520
Total loans receivable	9,718,760		8,622,870
Deferred origination costs, net of fees	7,249		9,332
Allowance for loan credit losses	(53,521)		(48,850)
Total loans receivable, net	$	9,672,488	$	8,583,352

(1) The commercial and industrial loans balance at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 includes Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans of $3.0 million and $22.9 million, respectively.

The Company categorizes all loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company evaluates risk ratings on an ongoing basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

    Pass: Loans classified as Pass are well protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the borrower.

    Special Mention: Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date.

    Substandard: Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

    Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The following tables summarize total loans by year of origination, internally assigned credit grades and risk characteristics (in thousands):

	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Total
September 30, 2022
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass	$	936,746	$	1,354,997	$	574,752	$	507,749	$	214,473	$	948,538	$	374,043	$	4,911,298
Special Mention	—		—		193		19,021		9,303		8,628		2,188		39,333
Substandard	—		—		—		20,759		—		35,703		544		57,006
Total commercial real estate - investor	936,746		1,354,997		574,945		547,529		223,776		992,869		376,775		5,007,637
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	67,572		118,428		61,004		115,273		90,050		479,174		9,837		941,338
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		757		10,018		—		10,775
Substandard	—		—		3,750		5,730		4,860		16,231		1,100		31,671
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied	67,572		118,428		64,754		121,003		95,667		505,423		10,937		983,784
Commercial and industrial
Pass	45,285		25,101		15,232		17,468		11,921		49,371		481,519		645,897
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		262		1,722		1,984
Substandard	—		—		106		1,586		316		2,606		125		4,739
Total commercial and industrial	45,285		25,101		15,338		19,054		12,237		52,239		483,366		652,620
Residential real estate (1)
Pass	829,041		595,233		431,072		253,353		103,330		597,224		—		2,809,253
Special Mention	—		—		—		131		—		1,690		—		1,821
Substandard	—		—		—		—		287		1,848		—		2,135
Total residential real estate	829,041		595,233		431,072		253,484		103,617		600,762		—		2,813,209
Other consumer (1)
Pass	19,582		25,869		16,332		15,940		42,026		117,718		21,824		259,291
Special Mention	—		—		—		164		22		231		—		417
Substandard	—		—		—		—		18		1,784		—		1,802
Total other consumer	19,582		25,869		16,332		16,104		42,066		119,733		21,824		261,510
Total loans	$	1,898,226	$	2,119,628	$	1,102,441	$	957,174	$	477,363	$	2,271,026	$	892,902	$	9,718,760

(1)For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.

	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Total
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass	$	1,387,753	$	609,916	$	535,551	$	274,662	$	375,646	$	800,089	$	255,613	$	4,239,230
Special Mention	—		—		23,794		9,400		2,731		28,663		582		65,170
Substandard	—		4,267		28,802		468		8,495		28,228		3,401		73,661
Total commercial real estate - investor	1,387,753		614,183		588,147		284,530		386,872		856,980		259,596		4,378,061
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	116,355		71,196		125,212		91,531		109,232		449,966		10,913		974,405
Special Mention	—		—		1,365		3,829		479		14,371		2		20,046
Substandard	—		—		14,166		8,549		5,606		31,576		717		60,614
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied	116,355		71,196		140,743		103,909		115,317		495,913		11,632		1,055,065
Commercial and industrial
Pass	42,955		22,573		22,878		16,404		8,671		50,887		271,818		436,186
Special Mention	—		—		231		350		85		172		3,645		4,483
Substandard	—		457		2,281		813		198		2,029		2,777		8,555
Total commercial and industrial	42,955		23,030		25,390		17,567		8,954		53,088		278,240		449,224
Residential real estate (1)
Pass	876,135		475,134		288,699		127,756		105,385		602,331		—		2,475,440
Special Mention	—		212		—		61		—		1,313		—		1,586
Substandard	—		—		—		—		351		2,324		—		2,675
Total residential real estate	876,135		475,346		288,699		127,817		105,736		605,968		—		2,479,701
Other consumer (1)
Pass	26,512		19,168		18,179		51,954		17,955		123,783		—		257,551
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		322		—		322
Substandard	—		—		—		18		—		2,928		—		2,946
Total other consumer	26,512		19,168		18,179		51,972		17,955		127,033		—		260,819
Total loans	$	2,449,710	$	1,202,923	$	1,061,158	$	585,795	$	634,834	$	2,138,982	$	549,468	$	8,622,870

(1) For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

	Commercial Real Estate – Investor		Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied		Commercial and  Industrial		Residential Real Estate		Other Consumer		Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	22,608	$	5,021	$	5,240	$	18,196	$	996	$	52,061
Credit loss expense (benefit)	82		(1,047)		554		1,618		1		1,208
Charge-offs	(3)		—		—		—		(2)		(5)
Recoveries	3		48		69		44		93		257
Balance at end of period	$	22,690	$	4,022	$	5,863	$	19,858	$	1,088	$	53,521
For the three months ended September 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	33,037	$	6,350	$	4,404	$	8,818	$	1,267	$	53,876
Credit loss (benefit) expense	(9,902)		515		1,962		3,081		235		(4,109)
Charge-offs	—		(64)		(50)		(12)		(37)		(163)
Recoveries	5		26		50		292		176		549
Balance at end of period	$	23,140	$	6,827	$	6,366	$	12,179	$	1,641	$	50,153
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	25,504	$	5,884	$	5,039	$	11,155	$	1,268	$	48,850
Credit loss (benefit) expense	(2,865)		(2,003)		720		8,612		(128)		4,336
Charge-offs	(3)		(18)		—		(56)		(358)		(435)
Recoveries	54		159		104		147		306		770
Balance at end of period	$	22,690	$	4,022	$	5,863	$	19,858	$	1,088	$	53,521
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	26,703	$	15,054	$	5,390	$	11,818	$	1,770	$	60,735
Credit loss (benefit) expense	(3,336)		(8,225)		958		284		(705)		(11,024)
Charge-offs	(345)		(64)		(83)		(254)		(193)		(939)
Recoveries	118		62		101		331		769		1,381
Balance at end of period	$	23,140	$	6,827	$	6,366	$	12,179	$	1,641	$	50,153

A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and, therefore, is classified as non-accruing. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had collateral dependent loans with an amortized cost balance as follows: commercial real estate - investor of $3.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively, commercial real estate - owner occupied of $2.0 million and $11.9 million, respectively, and commercial and industrial of $321,000 and $277,000, respectively. In addition, the Company had residential and consumer loans collateralized by residential real estate, which are in the process of foreclosure, with an amortized cost balance of $1.1 million and $438,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the Company was $0 and $106,000, respectively.

The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans, by loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Commercial real estate – investor	$	9,866	$	3,614
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	1,976		11,904
Commercial and industrial	321		277
Residential real estate	5,958		6,114
Other consumer	3,377		3,585
	$	21,498	$	25,494

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the non-accrual loans were included in the allowance for credit loss calculation and the Company did not recognize or accrue interest income on these loans. At September 30, 2022, there was one PPP loan for $21,000 that was past due greater than 90 days and still accruing interest. Per Small Business Association (“SBA”) guidelines, the SBA will pay accrued interest through the deferral period up to a maximum of 120 days past due. Given these servicing guidelines, PPP loans that are 90 to120 days past due will be reported as accruing loans. At December 31, 2021, there was one loan for $46,000 that was 90 days or greater past due and still accruing interest that was fully paid on January 14, 2022.

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 by loan portfolio segment (in thousands):

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Loans Not Past Due		Total
September 30, 2022
Commercial real estate – investor	$	—	$	968	$	2,025	$	2,993	$	5,004,644	$	5,007,637
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	428		5,613		85		6,126		977,658		983,784
Commercial and industrial	1,472		450		—		1,922		650,698		652,620
Residential real estate	6		1,821		2,136		3,963		2,809,246		2,813,209
Other consumer	671		417		1,801		2,889		258,621		261,510
	$	2,577	$	9,269	$	6,047	$	17,893	$	9,700,867	$	9,718,760
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate – investor	$	1,717	$	102	$	1,709	$	3,528	$	4,374,533	$	4,378,061
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	599		—		575		1,174		1,053,891		1,055,065
Commercial and industrial	25		151		277		453		448,771		449,224
Residential real estate	9,705		1,586		2,675		13,966		2,465,735		2,479,701
Other consumer	339		322		2,946		3,607		257,212		260,819
	$	12,385	$	2,161	$	8,182	$	22,728	$	8,600,142	$	8,622,870

The Company classifies certain loans as troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) loans when credit terms to a borrower in financial difficulty are modified. The modifications may include a reduction in rate, an extension in term, the capitalization of past due amounts and/or the restructuring of scheduled principal payments. Residential real estate and consumer loans where the borrower’s debt is discharged in a bankruptcy filing are also considered TDR loans. For these loans, the Bank retains its security interest in the real estate collateral. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, TDR loans totaled $16.1 million and $23.6 million, respectively. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $10.0 million and $11.3 million, respectively, of TDR loans included in the non-accrual loan totals. At September 30, 2022 the Company had a $667,000 specific reserve allocated to a loan that was classified as a TDR loan. At December 31, 2021, the Company had no specific reserves allocated to loans that were classified as TDR loans. Non-accrual loans which become TDR loans are generally returned to accrual status after six months of performance. In addition to the TDR loans included in non-accrual loans, the Company also has TDR loans classified as accruing loans, which totaled $6.1 million and $12.3 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. 

The following table presents information about TDR loans which occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):

	Number of Loans	Pre-modification Recorded Investment		Post-modification Recorded Investment
Three months ended September 30, 2022
Troubled debt restructurings:
Other consumer	3	$	114	$	124
Three months ended September 30, 2021
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1	$	93	$	110
Nine months ended September 30, 2022
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial and industrial	1	$	65	$	65
Other consumer	6	1,105		1,233
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial real estate – investor	1	$	4,903	$	4,903
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1	93		110
Residential real estate	3	244		336
Other consumer	2	26		33

There were no TDR loans that defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, which were modified within the preceding year. There was one TDR commercial real estate - investor loan for $923,000 that defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, which was modified within the preceding year and the loan was subsequently paid in full as of June 30, 2022.

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Deposits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]

Deposits

Deposits

The major types of deposits at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Type of Account	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Non-interest-bearing	$	2,325,547	$	2,412,056
Interest-bearing checking	3,909,864		4,201,736
Money market deposit	749,229		736,090
Savings	1,570,472		1,607,933
Time deposits	1,404,357		775,001
Total deposits	$	9,959,469	$	9,732,816

Included in time deposits at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $94.1 million and $145.4 million, respectively, in deposits of $250,000 or more. Time deposits also include brokered deposits of $828.7 million and $25.0 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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Borrowed Funds

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Borrowed Funds

Borrowed Funds

Borrowed funds at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
FHLB advances	$	514,200	$	—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289		118,769
Other borrowings	194,914		229,141
Total borrowed funds	$	805,403	$	347,910

At September 30, 2022, there were $500.0 million of short-term advances and $14.2 million of overnight borrowings from the FHLB, as compared to $0 at December 31, 2021.

In March 2022, the Company redeemed $35.0 million of subordinated debt due September 30, 2026. The debt carried an interest rate of 4.14% based on a floating rate of three months LIBOR plus 392 basis points.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability shall not be adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement costs). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, a fair value hierarchy has been established for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlations or other means.

Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect an entity’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

Debt Securities Available-for-Sale

Debt securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value. Fair value for these debt securities is determined using inputs other than quoted prices that are based on market observable information (Level 2). Level 2 debt securities are priced through third-party pricing services or security industry sources that actively participate in the buying and selling of securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations and matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but comparing the debt securities to benchmark or comparable debt securities.

Equity Investments

Equity investments with readily determinable fair value are reported at fair value. Fair value for these investments is primarily determined using a quoted price in an active market or exchange (Level 1) or using inputs other than quoted prices that are based on market observable information (Level 2). Fair value for certain securities, including convertible preferred stock, was determined using broker or dealer quotes with limited levels of activity and price transparency (Level 3). Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus adjustments resulting from

observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer (measurement alternative).

Interest Rate Derivatives

The Company’s interest rate swaps and cap contracts are reported at fair value utilizing discounted cash flow models provided by an independent, third-party and observable market data (Level 2). When entering into an interest rate swap or cap contract, the Company is exposed to fair value changes due to interest rate movements, and also the potential nonperformance of the contract counterparty.

Other Real Estate Owned and Loans Individually Measured for Impairment

Other real estate owned and loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral are recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs. Fair value is based on independent appraisals (Level 3).

The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
	Total Fair Value		Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs
September 30, 2022
Items measured on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available-for-sale	$	470,300	$	—	$	470,300	$	—
Equity investments	62,343		566		61,777		—
Interest rate derivative asset	122,605		—		122,605		—
Interest rate derivative liability	(122,618)		—		(122,618)		—
Items measured on a non-recurring basis:
Equity investments (1)	19,379		—		—		19,379
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (2)	7,268		—		—		7,268
December 31, 2021
Items measured on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available-for-sale	$	568,255	$	—	$	568,255	$	—
Equity investments	90,726		14,608		73,400		2,718
Interest rate derivative asset	22,787		—		22,787		—
Interest rate derivative liability	(22,855)		—		(22,855)		—
Items measured on a non-recurring basis:
Equity investments	10,429		—		—		10,429
Other real estate owned	106		—		—		106
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (2)	16,233		—		—		16,233

(1)    Primarily consists of $16.8 million of equity investments measured under the measurement alternative, which included a $2.5 million unrealized gain for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

(2) Primarily consists of commercial loans, which are collateral dependent. The amounts are based on independent appraisals, which may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors, such as economic factors and estimated liquidation expenses. The range may vary but is generally 0% to 8% on the discount for costs to sell and 0% to 10% on appraisal adjustments.

The following table reconciles, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the beginning and ending balances for equity investments that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Beginning balance	$	—	$	2,978	$	2,718	$	2,540
Total losses included in earnings	—		(622)		—		(184)
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		(2,718)		—
Ending balance	$	—	$	2,356	$	—	$	2,356

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the valuation hierarchy at the end of the applicable reporting periods. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company executed its right to convert $2.7 million of preferred stock into common stock, which resulted in a transfer from Level 3 into Level 1. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 assets and liabilities in the fair value hierarchy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Assets and Liabilities Disclosed at Fair Value

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities disclosed at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy is set forth below.

Cash and Due from Banks

For cash and due from banks, the carrying amount approximates fair value.

Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity

Debt securities classified as held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost, as the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold these debt securities to maturity. The Company determines the fair value of the debt securities utilizing Level 2 and, infrequently, Level 3 inputs. Most of the Company’s debt securities are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange, but are bought and sold in active markets. Prices for these instruments are obtained through third-party pricing vendors or security industry sources that actively participate in the buying and selling of debt securities. Prices obtained from these sources include market quotations and matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique used principally to value certain debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific debt securities, but comparing the debt securities to benchmark or comparable debt securities.

Management’s policy is to obtain and review all available documentation from the third-party pricing service relating to their fair value determinations, including their methodology and summary of inputs. Management reviews this documentation, makes inquiries of the third-party pricing service and decides as to the level of the valuation inputs. Based on the Company’s review of the available documentation from the third-party pricing service, management concluded that Level 2 inputs were utilized for all securities except for certain state and municipal obligations, known as bond anticipation notes, as well as certain debt securities where management utilized Level 3 inputs, such as broker or dealer quotes with limited levels of activity and price transparency.

Restricted Equity Investments

The fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, Federal Reserve Bank stock, and Atlantic Community Bankers Bank is its carrying value since this is the amount for which it could be redeemed. There is no active market for this stock and the Company is required to maintain a minimum investment as stipulated by the respective entities.

Loans Receivable and Loans Held-for-Sale

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as residential real estate, consumer and commercial. Each loan category is further segmented into fixed and adjustable rate interest terms.

Fair value of performing and non-performing loans was estimated by discounting the future cash flows, net of estimated prepayments, at a rate for which similar loans would be originated to new borrowers with similar terms.

The fair value of loans was measured using the exit price notion.

Deposits Other than Time Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest-bearing demand deposits, savings, and interest-bearing checking accounts and money market accounts is, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand. The related insensitivity of the majority of these deposits to interest rate changes creates a significant inherent value which is not reflected in the fair value reported.

Time Deposits

The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase with Customers

Fair value approximates the carrying amount as these borrowings are payable on demand and the interest rate adjusts monthly.

Borrowed Funds

Fair value estimates are based on discounting contractual cash flows using rates which approximate the rates offered for borrowings of similar remaining maturities.

The book value and estimated fair value of the Company’s significant financial instruments not recorded at fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are presented in the following tables (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
	Book Value		Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs
September 30, 2022
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	170,668	$	170,668	$	—	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity	1,027,712		—		893,044		12,382
Restricted equity investments	77,556		—		—		77,556
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	9,676,037		—		—		8,992,317
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	8,555,112		—		8,555,112		—
Time deposits	1,404,357		—		1,365,574		—
FHLB advances and other borrowings	709,114		—		722,430		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289		96,289		—		—
December 31, 2021
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	204,949	$	204,949	$	—	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity	1,139,193		—		1,138,529		14,215
Restricted equity investments	53,195		—		—		53,195
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	8,583,352		—		—		8,533,506
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	8,957,815		—		8,957,815		—
Time deposits	775,001		—		773,766		—
Other borrowings	229,141		—		251,491		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	118,769		118,769		—		—

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because a limited market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience,

current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other significant unobservable inputs. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include premises and equipment, bank owned life insurance, deferred tax assets and goodwill. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

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Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Other Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Other Financial Instruments

Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Other Financial Instruments

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments which involve, to varying degrees, interest rate, market and credit risk. The Company manages these risks as part of its asset and liability management process and through credit policies and procedures, seeking to minimize counterparty credit risk by establishing credit limits and collateral agreements. The Company utilizes certain derivative financial instruments to enhance its ability to manage interest rate risk that exists as part of its ongoing business operations. The derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company are an economic hedge of a derivative offering to its customers. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

Customer Derivatives – Interest Rate Swaps and Cap Contracts

The Company enters into interest rate swaps that allow commercial loan customers to effectively convert a variable-rate commercial loan agreement to a fixed-rate commercial loan agreement. Under these agreements, the Company enters into a variable-rate loan agreement with a customer in addition to an interest rate swap agreement, which serves to effectively swap the customer’s variable-rate loan into a fixed-rate loan. The Company then enters into a corresponding swap agreement with a third party in order to economically hedge its exposure through the customer agreement. The Company also enters into interest rate cap contracts that enable commercial loan customers to lock in a cap on a variable-rate commercial loan agreement. This feature prevents the loan from repricing to a level that exceeds the cap contract’s specified interest rate, which serves to hedge the risk from rising interest rates. The Company then enters into an offsetting interest rate cap contract with a third party in order to economically hedge its exposure through the customer agreement.

The interest rate swaps and cap contracts with both the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and are marked to market through earnings. As the interest rate swaps and cap contracts are structured to offset each other, changes to the underlying benchmark interest rates considered in the valuation of these instruments do not result in an impact to earnings; however, there may be fair value adjustments related to credit quality variations between counterparties, which may impact earnings as required by FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements. The Company recognized a gain of $19,000 and $56,000 in commercial loan swap income resulting from the fair value adjustment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to gains of $14,000 and $55,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The notional amount of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments was $1.30 billion and $938.7 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The table below presents the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as well as their location on the consolidated statements of financial condition (in thousands):

	Fair Value
Balance Sheet Location	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Other assets	$	122,605	$	22,787
Other liabilities	122,618		22,855

Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features

The Company is a party to International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements with third party broker-dealers that require a minimum dollar transfer amount upon a margin call. This requirement is dependent on certain specified credit measures. The amount of collateral posted with third parties was $40,000 and $19.8 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The amount of collateral received from third parties was $112.1 million and $0 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The amount of collateral posted with third parties and received from third parties is deemed to be sufficient to collateralize both the fair market value change as well as any additional amounts that may be required as a result of a change in the specified credit measures. The aggregate fair value of all derivative financial instruments in a liability position with credit measure contingencies and entered into with third parties was $122.6 million and $22.9 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company’s leases are comprised of real estate property for branches, automated teller machine locations and office space with terms extending through 2038. The Company has one existing finance lease, which has a lease term through 2029.

The following table represents the classification of the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition (in thousands):

		September 30,		December 31,
		2022		2021
Lease ROU Assets	Classification
Operating lease ROU assets	Other assets	$	19,474	$	17,442
Finance lease ROU asset	Premises and equipment, net	1,347		1,495
Total lease ROU assets		$	20,821	$	18,937
Lease Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities (1)	Other liabilities	$	20,430	$	17,982
Finance lease liability	Other borrowings	1,750		1,904
Total lease liabilities		$	22,180	$	19,886

(1) Operating lease liabilities excludes liabilities for future rent and estimated lease termination payments related to closed branches of $8.2 million at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The calculated amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities are impacted by the lease term and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease agreements often include one or more options to renew the lease at the Company’s discretion. If the exercise of a renewal option is considered to be reasonably certain, the Company includes the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. For the discount rate, Leases (Topic 842) requires the Company to use the rate implicit in the lease, provided the rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, at lease inception, over a similar term. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the Company used the incremental borrowing rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019. For the finance lease, the Company utilized its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception.

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases	7.04 years		8.22 years
Finance lease	6.85 years		7.59 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	2.84	%	2.97	%
Finance lease	5.63		5.63

The following table represents lease expenses and other lease information (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease Expense
Operating lease expense	$	1,159	$	1,498	$	3,857	$	4,459
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of ROU assets	49		50		149		149
Interest on lease liabilities(1)	24		28		76		85
Total	$	1,232	$	1,576	$	4,082	$	4,693
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	955	$	1,322	$	3,366	$	4,119
Operating cash flows from finance leases	24		28		76		85
Financing cash flows from finance leases	52		50		154		146

(1)Included in borrowed funds interest expense on the consolidated statements of income. All other costs are included in occupancy expense.

Future minimum payments for the finance lease and operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Finance Lease		Operating Leases
For the Twelve Months Ending September 30,
2023	$	307	$	4,268
2024	307		3,790
2025	307		3,841
2026	307		3,075
2027	307		2,198
Thereafter	568		5,721
Total	2,103		22,893
Less: Imputed interest	(353)		(2,463)
Total lease liabilities	$	1,750	$	20,430

Leases

Leases

A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company’s leases are comprised of real estate property for branches, automated teller machine locations and office space with terms extending through 2038. The Company has one existing finance lease, which has a lease term through 2029.

The following table represents the classification of the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition (in thousands):

		September 30,		December 31,
		2022		2021
Lease ROU Assets	Classification
Operating lease ROU assets	Other assets	$	19,474	$	17,442
Finance lease ROU asset	Premises and equipment, net	1,347		1,495
Total lease ROU assets		$	20,821	$	18,937
Lease Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities (1)	Other liabilities	$	20,430	$	17,982
Finance lease liability	Other borrowings	1,750		1,904
Total lease liabilities		$	22,180	$	19,886

(1) Operating lease liabilities excludes liabilities for future rent and estimated lease termination payments related to closed branches of $8.2 million at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The calculated amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities are impacted by the lease term and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease agreements often include one or more options to renew the lease at the Company’s discretion. If the exercise of a renewal option is considered to be reasonably certain, the Company includes the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. For the discount rate, Leases (Topic 842) requires the Company to use the rate implicit in the lease, provided the rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, at lease inception, over a similar term. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the Company used the incremental borrowing rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019. For the finance lease, the Company utilized its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception.

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases	7.04 years		8.22 years
Finance lease	6.85 years		7.59 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	2.84	%	2.97	%
Finance lease	5.63		5.63

The following table represents lease expenses and other lease information (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease Expense
Operating lease expense	$	1,159	$	1,498	$	3,857	$	4,459
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of ROU assets	49		50		149		149
Interest on lease liabilities(1)	24		28		76		85
Total	$	1,232	$	1,576	$	4,082	$	4,693
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	955	$	1,322	$	3,366	$	4,119
Operating cash flows from finance leases	24		28		76		85
Financing cash flows from finance leases	52		50		154		146

(1)Included in borrowed funds interest expense on the consolidated statements of income. All other costs are included in occupancy expense.

Future minimum payments for the finance lease and operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Finance Lease		Operating Leases
For the Twelve Months Ending September 30,
2023	$	307	$	4,268
2024	307		3,790
2025	307		3,841
2026	307		3,075
2027	307		2,198
Thereafter	568		5,721
Total	2,103		22,893
Less: Imputed interest	(353)		(2,463)
Total lease liabilities	$	1,750	$	20,430

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Variable Interest Entity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entity

Variable Interest Entity

On April 1, 2022, the Company acquired a 60% ownership in Trident, and held a variable interest in the entity. Trident meets the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) under ASC 810, Consolidation, for which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary (i.e. the party that has a controlling financial interest). In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, the Company has consolidated Trident’s assets and liabilities. For further discussion on the acquisition of Trident refer to Note 2 Business Combinations, to this Form 10-Q.

The summarized financial information for the Company’s consolidated VIE consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,234
Other assets	1,079
Total assets	34,313
Other liabilities	31,906
Net assets	$	2,407

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

As previously disclosed, on November 4, 2021, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Partners Bancorp (“Partners”) and Coastal Merger Sub Corp. (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, (i) Merger Sub would merge with and into Partners, with Partners as the surviving entity, and (ii) immediately thereafter, Partners would merge with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving entity.

On November 9, 2022, the Company and Partners entered into a Mutual Termination Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, the Company and Partners mutually agreed to terminate the Merger Agreement and transactions contemplated thereby, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 9, 2022. Each party will bear its own costs and expenses in connection with the terminated transaction, and neither party will pay a termination fee in connection with the termination of the Merger Agreement. The Termination Agreement also mutually releases the parties from any claims of liability to one another relating to the Merger Agreement and the terminated transaction.

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Consolidation	The consolidated financial statements include: the accounts of OceanFirst Financial Corp. (the “Company”), its wholly-owned subsidiaries, OceanFirst Bank N.A. (the “Bank”) and OceanFirst Risk Management, Inc.; the Bank’s direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, OceanFirst REIT Holdings, Inc., OceanFirst Management Corp., OceanFirst Realty Corp., Casaba Real Estate Holdings Corporation, and Country Property Holdings, Inc; and a majority controlling interest in Trident Abstract Title Agency, LLC. Certain other subsidiaries were dissolved in 2022 and are included in the consolidated financial statements for previous periods. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

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Business Combinations (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Estimated Fair Value of the Assets Acquired and the Liabilities Assumed as Date of Acquisition

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by the Company at the date of the acquisition for Trident, net of total consideration paid (in thousands):

	At April 1, 2022
	Estimated Fair Value
Total purchase price:	$	7,084
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	45,693
Other current assets	238
Premises and equipment	18
ROU asset	779
Other assets	81
Total assets acquired	46,809
Liabilities assumed:
Lease liability	779
Other liabilities	43,937
Total liabilities assumed	44,716
Net assets acquired	$	2,093
Net assets attributable to non-controlling interest	$	836
Goodwill recorded	$	5,827

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Earnings per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Shares Outstanding for Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

The following reconciles shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Weighted average shares outstanding	59,134	59,722	59,245	60,050
Less: Unallocated ESOP shares	(363)	(353)	(393)	(369)
Unallocated incentive award shares	(90)	(58)	(75)	(62)
Average basic shares outstanding	58,681	59,311	58,777	59,619
Add: Effect of dilutive securities:
Incentive awards	120	204	141	243
Average diluted shares outstanding	58,801	59,515	58,918	59,862

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Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Debt Securities, Available-for-sale

The amortized cost, estimated fair value, and allowance for securities credit losses of debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Allowance for Credit Losses
At September 30, 2022
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	107,198			$	(8,099)	$	99,099	$	—
Corporate debt securities	5,000		—		(628)		4,372		—
Asset-backed securities	296,228		—		(21,355)		274,873		—
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)	110,871		—		(18,915)		91,956		—
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	519,297	$	—	$	(48,997)	$	470,300	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations	$	263,614	$	—	$	(31,052)	$	232,562	$	(63)
Corporate debt securities	59,000		403		(3,135)		56,268		(1,135)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency residential	674,356		103		(89,696)		584,763		—
Agency commercial	7,440		6		(279)		7,167		—
Non-agency commercial	26,973		—		(2,307)		24,666		(36)
Total mortgage-backed securities	708,769		109		(92,282)		616,596		(36)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	1,031,383	$	512	$	(126,469)	$	905,426	$	(1,234)
Total debt securities	$	1,550,680	$	512	$	(175,466)	$	1,375,726	$	(1,234)
At December 31, 2021
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	164,756	$	1,135	$	(471)	$	165,420	$	—
Corporate debt securities	5,000		42		(11)		5,031		—
Asset-backed securities	298,976		41		(1,489)		297,528		—
Agency commercial MBS	101,142		57		(923)		100,276		—
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	569,874	$	1,275	$	(2,894)	$	568,255	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal, and sovereign debt obligations	$	281,389	$	10,185	$	(1,164)	$	290,410	$	(85)
Corporate debt securities	68,823		1,628		(1,279)		69,172		(1,343)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency residential	756,844		6,785		(7,180)		756,449		—
Agency commercial	4,385		7		(44)		4,348		—
Non-agency commercial	32,107		362		(104)		32,365		(39)
Total mortgage-backed securities	793,336		7,154		(7,328)		793,162		(39)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	1,143,548	$	18,967	$	(9,771)	$	1,152,744	$	(1,467)
Total debt securities	$	1,713,422	$	20,242	$	(12,665)	$	1,720,999	$	(1,467)

Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held-to-maturity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Allowance for securities credit losses
Beginning balance	$	(1,293)	$	(1,609)	$	(1,467)	$	(1,715)
Credit loss benefit	59		106		233		212
Total ending allowance balance	$	(1,234)	$	(1,503)	$	(1,234)	$	(1,503)

Schedule of Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator

Under this approach, the amortized cost of debt securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022, aggregated by credit quality indicator, are as follows (in thousands):

	Investment Grade		Non-Investment Grade/Non-rated		Total
As of September 30, 2022
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations	$	263,614	$	—	$	263,614
Corporate debt securities	43,635		15,365		59,000
Non-agency commercial MBS	26,973		—		26,973
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	$	334,222	$	15,365	$	349,587

Carrying Value of Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities

The carrying value of the debt securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands): 

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Amortized cost	$	1,031,383	$	1,143,548
Net loss on date of transfer from available-for-sale	(13,556)		(13,556)
Allowance for securities credit losses	(1,234)		(1,467)
Accretion of net unrealized loss on securities reclassified as held-to-maturity	11,119		10,668
Carrying value	$	1,027,712	$	1,139,193

The realized and unrealized gains or losses on equity securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are shown in the table below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net gain (loss) on equity investments	$	3,362	$	(466)	$	(7,502)	$	8,397
Less: Net gains recognized on equity securities sold	—		—		1,351		8,123
Unrealized gain (loss) recognized on equity securities still held	$	3,362	$	(466)	$	(8,853)	$	274

Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value of Investment Securities by Contractual Maturity

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2022 by contractual maturity are shown below (in thousands).

September 30, 2022	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Less than one year	$	55,326	$	54,972
Due after one year through five years	166,980		154,459
Due after five years through ten years	225,771		205,348
Due after ten years	282,963		252,395
	$	731,040	$	667,174

Estimated Fair Value and Unrealized Loss for Securities Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity

The estimated fair value and unrealized losses for debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, segregated by the duration of the unrealized losses, are as follows (in thousands):

	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
At September 30, 2022
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	75,464	$	(5,924)	$	23,635	$	(2,175)	$	99,099	$	(8,099)
Corporate debt securities	3,496		(504)		877		(124)		4,373		(628)
Asset-backed securities	216,926		(16,650)		57,947		(4,705)		274,873		(21,355)
Agency commercial MBS	77,878		(16,233)		14,078		(2,682)		91,956		(18,915)
Total debt securities available-for-sale	373,764		(39,311)		96,537		(9,686)		470,301		(48,997)
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations	172,090		(22,460)		58,649		(8,592)		230,739		(31,052)
Corporate debt securities	14,142		(319)		36,516		(2,816)		50,658		(3,135)
MBS:
Agency residential	252,724		(26,933)		318,925		(62,763)		571,649		(89,696)
Agency commercial	3,609		(242)		2,092		(37)		5,701		(279)
Non-agency commercial	20,512		(1,981)		4,154		(326)		24,666		(2,307)
Total MBS	276,845		(29,156)		325,171		(63,126)		602,016		(92,282)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	463,077		(51,935)		420,336		(74,534)		883,413		(126,469)
Total debt securities	$	836,841	$	(91,246)	$	516,873	$	(84,220)	$	1,353,714	$	(175,466)
At December 31, 2021
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	82,395	$	(471)	$	—	$	—	$	82,395	$	(471)
Corporate debt securities	1,989		(11)		—		—		1,989		(11)
Asset-backed securities	279,486		(1,489)		—		—		279,486		(1,489)
Agency commercial MBS	80,726		(923)		—		—		80,726		(923)
Total debt securities available-for-sale	444,596		(2,894)		—		—		444,596		(2,894)
Debt securities held-to-maturity:
State, municipal, and sovereign debt obligations	75,329		(1,063)		4,383		(101)		79,712		(1,164)
Corporate debt securities	38,304		(1,279)		—		—		38,304		(1,279)
MBS:
Agency residential	445,399		(5,822)		50,133		(1,358)		495,532		(7,180)
Agency commercial	2,255		(41)		886		(3)		3,141		(44)
Non-agency commercial	10,722		(104)		—		—		10,722		(104)
Total MBS	458,376		(5,967)		51,019		(1,361)		509,395		(7,328)
Total debt securities held-to-maturity	572,009		(8,309)		55,402		(1,462)		627,411		(9,771)
Total debt securities	$	1,016,605	$	(11,203)	$	55,402	$	(1,462)	$	1,072,007	$	(12,665)

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Loans Receivable, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Summary of Loans Receivable

Loans receivable, net at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Commercial:
Commercial real estate – investor	$	5,007,637	$	4,378,061
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	983,784		1,055,065
Commercial and industrial (1)	652,620		449,224
Total commercial	6,644,041		5,882,350
Consumer:
Residential real estate	2,813,209		2,479,701
Home equity loans and lines and other consumer (“other consumer”)	261,510		260,819
Total consumer	3,074,719		2,740,520
Total loans receivable	9,718,760		8,622,870
Deferred origination costs, net of fees	7,249		9,332
Allowance for loan credit losses	(53,521)		(48,850)
Total loans receivable, net	$	9,672,488	$	8,583,352

(1) The commercial and industrial loans balance at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 includes Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans of $3.0 million and $22.9 million, respectively.

Risk Category of Loans by Loan Portfolio Segment Excluding PCI Loans

The following tables summarize total loans by year of origination, internally assigned credit grades and risk characteristics (in thousands):

	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Total
September 30, 2022
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass	$	936,746	$	1,354,997	$	574,752	$	507,749	$	214,473	$	948,538	$	374,043	$	4,911,298
Special Mention	—		—		193		19,021		9,303		8,628		2,188		39,333
Substandard	—		—		—		20,759		—		35,703		544		57,006
Total commercial real estate - investor	936,746		1,354,997		574,945		547,529		223,776		992,869		376,775		5,007,637
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	67,572		118,428		61,004		115,273		90,050		479,174		9,837		941,338
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		757		10,018		—		10,775
Substandard	—		—		3,750		5,730		4,860		16,231		1,100		31,671
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied	67,572		118,428		64,754		121,003		95,667		505,423		10,937		983,784
Commercial and industrial
Pass	45,285		25,101		15,232		17,468		11,921		49,371		481,519		645,897
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		262		1,722		1,984
Substandard	—		—		106		1,586		316		2,606		125		4,739
Total commercial and industrial	45,285		25,101		15,338		19,054		12,237		52,239		483,366		652,620
Residential real estate (1)
Pass	829,041		595,233		431,072		253,353		103,330		597,224		—		2,809,253
Special Mention	—		—		—		131		—		1,690		—		1,821
Substandard	—		—		—		—		287		1,848		—		2,135
Total residential real estate	829,041		595,233		431,072		253,484		103,617		600,762		—		2,813,209
Other consumer (1)
Pass	19,582		25,869		16,332		15,940		42,026		117,718		21,824		259,291
Special Mention	—		—		—		164		22		231		—		417
Substandard	—		—		—		—		18		1,784		—		1,802
Total other consumer	19,582		25,869		16,332		16,104		42,066		119,733		21,824		261,510
Total loans	$	1,898,226	$	2,119,628	$	1,102,441	$	957,174	$	477,363	$	2,271,026	$	892,902	$	9,718,760

(1)For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.

	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016 and prior		Revolving lines of credit		Total
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass	$	1,387,753	$	609,916	$	535,551	$	274,662	$	375,646	$	800,089	$	255,613	$	4,239,230
Special Mention	—		—		23,794		9,400		2,731		28,663		582		65,170
Substandard	—		4,267		28,802		468		8,495		28,228		3,401		73,661
Total commercial real estate - investor	1,387,753		614,183		588,147		284,530		386,872		856,980		259,596		4,378,061
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	116,355		71,196		125,212		91,531		109,232		449,966		10,913		974,405
Special Mention	—		—		1,365		3,829		479		14,371		2		20,046
Substandard	—		—		14,166		8,549		5,606		31,576		717		60,614
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied	116,355		71,196		140,743		103,909		115,317		495,913		11,632		1,055,065
Commercial and industrial
Pass	42,955		22,573		22,878		16,404		8,671		50,887		271,818		436,186
Special Mention	—		—		231		350		85		172		3,645		4,483
Substandard	—		457		2,281		813		198		2,029		2,777		8,555
Total commercial and industrial	42,955		23,030		25,390		17,567		8,954		53,088		278,240		449,224
Residential real estate (1)
Pass	876,135		475,134		288,699		127,756		105,385		602,331		—		2,475,440
Special Mention	—		212		—		61		—		1,313		—		1,586
Substandard	—		—		—		—		351		2,324		—		2,675
Total residential real estate	876,135		475,346		288,699		127,817		105,736		605,968		—		2,479,701
Other consumer (1)
Pass	26,512		19,168		18,179		51,954		17,955		123,783		—		257,551
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		322		—		322
Substandard	—		—		—		18		—		2,928		—		2,946
Total other consumer	26,512		19,168		18,179		51,972		17,955		127,033		—		260,819
Total loans	$	2,449,710	$	1,202,923	$	1,061,158	$	585,795	$	634,834	$	2,138,982	$	549,468	$	8,622,870

(1) For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.

Analysis of Allowance for Loan Losses

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

	Commercial Real Estate – Investor		Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied		Commercial and  Industrial		Residential Real Estate		Other Consumer		Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	22,608	$	5,021	$	5,240	$	18,196	$	996	$	52,061
Credit loss expense (benefit)	82		(1,047)		554		1,618		1		1,208
Charge-offs	(3)		—		—		—		(2)		(5)
Recoveries	3		48		69		44		93		257
Balance at end of period	$	22,690	$	4,022	$	5,863	$	19,858	$	1,088	$	53,521
For the three months ended September 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	33,037	$	6,350	$	4,404	$	8,818	$	1,267	$	53,876
Credit loss (benefit) expense	(9,902)		515		1,962		3,081		235		(4,109)
Charge-offs	—		(64)		(50)		(12)		(37)		(163)
Recoveries	5		26		50		292		176		549
Balance at end of period	$	23,140	$	6,827	$	6,366	$	12,179	$	1,641	$	50,153
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	25,504	$	5,884	$	5,039	$	11,155	$	1,268	$	48,850
Credit loss (benefit) expense	(2,865)		(2,003)		720		8,612		(128)		4,336
Charge-offs	(3)		(18)		—		(56)		(358)		(435)
Recoveries	54		159		104		147		306		770
Balance at end of period	$	22,690	$	4,022	$	5,863	$	19,858	$	1,088	$	53,521
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	26,703	$	15,054	$	5,390	$	11,818	$	1,770	$	60,735
Credit loss (benefit) expense	(3,336)		(8,225)		958		284		(705)		(11,024)
Charge-offs	(345)		(64)		(83)		(254)		(193)		(939)
Recoveries	118		62		101		331		769		1,381
Balance at end of period	$	23,140	$	6,827	$	6,366	$	12,179	$	1,641	$	50,153

Recorded Investment in Non-Accrual Loans by Loan Portfolio Segment Excluding PCI Loans

The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans, by loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Commercial real estate – investor	$	9,866	$	3,614
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	1,976		11,904
Commercial and industrial	321		277
Residential real estate	5,958		6,114
Other consumer	3,377		3,585
	$	21,498	$	25,494

Aging of Recorded Investment in Past Due Loans Excluding PCI Loans

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 by loan portfolio segment (in thousands):

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Loans Not Past Due		Total
September 30, 2022
Commercial real estate – investor	$	—	$	968	$	2,025	$	2,993	$	5,004,644	$	5,007,637
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	428		5,613		85		6,126		977,658		983,784
Commercial and industrial	1,472		450		—		1,922		650,698		652,620
Residential real estate	6		1,821		2,136		3,963		2,809,246		2,813,209
Other consumer	671		417		1,801		2,889		258,621		261,510
	$	2,577	$	9,269	$	6,047	$	17,893	$	9,700,867	$	9,718,760
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate – investor	$	1,717	$	102	$	1,709	$	3,528	$	4,374,533	$	4,378,061
Commercial real estate – owner occupied	599		—		575		1,174		1,053,891		1,055,065
Commercial and industrial	25		151		277		453		448,771		449,224
Residential real estate	9,705		1,586		2,675		13,966		2,465,735		2,479,701
Other consumer	339		322		2,946		3,607		257,212		260,819
	$	12,385	$	2,161	$	8,182	$	22,728	$	8,600,142	$	8,622,870

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The following table presents information about TDR loans which occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):

	Number of Loans	Pre-modification Recorded Investment		Post-modification Recorded Investment
Three months ended September 30, 2022
Troubled debt restructurings:
Other consumer	3	$	114	$	124
Three months ended September 30, 2021
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1	$	93	$	110
Nine months ended September 30, 2022
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial and industrial	1	$	65	$	65
Other consumer	6	1,105		1,233
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Troubled debt restructurings:
Commercial real estate – investor	1	$	4,903	$	4,903
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1	93		110
Residential real estate	3	244		336
Other consumer	2	26		33

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Deposits (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Major Types of Deposits

The major types of deposits at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Type of Account	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Non-interest-bearing	$	2,325,547	$	2,412,056
Interest-bearing checking	3,909,864		4,201,736
Money market deposit	749,229		736,090
Savings	1,570,472		1,607,933
Time deposits	1,404,357		775,001
Total deposits	$	9,959,469	$	9,732,816

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Borrowed Funds (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Borrowed Funds

Borrowed funds at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
FHLB advances	$	514,200	$	—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289		118,769
Other borrowings	194,914		229,141
Total borrowed funds	$	805,403	$	347,910

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
	Total Fair Value		Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs
September 30, 2022
Items measured on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available-for-sale	$	470,300	$	—	$	470,300	$	—
Equity investments	62,343		566		61,777		—
Interest rate derivative asset	122,605		—		122,605		—
Interest rate derivative liability	(122,618)		—		(122,618)		—
Items measured on a non-recurring basis:
Equity investments (1)	19,379		—		—		19,379
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (2)	7,268		—		—		7,268
December 31, 2021
Items measured on a recurring basis:
Debt securities available-for-sale	$	568,255	$	—	$	568,255	$	—
Equity investments	90,726		14,608		73,400		2,718
Interest rate derivative asset	22,787		—		22,787		—
Interest rate derivative liability	(22,855)		—		(22,855)		—
Items measured on a non-recurring basis:
Equity investments	10,429		—		—		10,429
Other real estate owned	106		—		—		106
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (2)	16,233		—		—		16,233

(1)    Primarily consists of $16.8 million of equity investments measured under the measurement alternative, which included a $2.5 million unrealized gain for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

(2) Primarily consists of commercial loans, which are collateral dependent. The amounts are based on independent appraisals, which may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors, such as economic factors and estimated liquidation expenses. The range may vary but is generally 0% to 8% on the discount for costs to sell and 0% to 10% on appraisal adjustments.

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following table reconciles, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the beginning and ending balances for equity investments that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Beginning balance	$	—	$	2,978	$	2,718	$	2,540
Total losses included in earnings	—		(622)		—		(184)
Transfers out of Level 3	—		—		(2,718)		—
Ending balance	$	—	$	2,356	$	—	$	2,356

Book Value and Estimated Fair Value of Bank's Significant Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value

The book value and estimated fair value of the Company’s significant financial instruments not recorded at fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are presented in the following tables (in thousands):

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using:
	Book Value		Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs
September 30, 2022
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	170,668	$	170,668	$	—	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity	1,027,712		—		893,044		12,382
Restricted equity investments	77,556		—		—		77,556
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	9,676,037		—		—		8,992,317
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	8,555,112		—		8,555,112		—
Time deposits	1,404,357		—		1,365,574		—
FHLB advances and other borrowings	709,114		—		722,430		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289		96,289		—		—
December 31, 2021
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	204,949	$	204,949	$	—	$	—
Debt securities held-to-maturity	1,139,193		—		1,138,529		14,215
Restricted equity investments	53,195		—		—		53,195
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	8,583,352		—		—		8,533,506
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	8,957,815		—		8,957,815		—
Time deposits	775,001		—		773,766		—
Other borrowings	229,141		—		251,491		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	118,769		118,769		—		—

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Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Other Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Notional Amounts of Outstanding Derivative Positions

The table below presents the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as well as their location on the consolidated statements of financial condition (in thousands):

	Fair Value
Balance Sheet Location	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Other assets	$	122,605	$	22,787
Other liabilities	122,618		22,855

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities

The following table represents the classification of the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition (in thousands):

		September 30,		December 31,
		2022		2021
Lease ROU Assets	Classification
Operating lease ROU assets	Other assets	$	19,474	$	17,442
Finance lease ROU asset	Premises and equipment, net	1,347		1,495
Total lease ROU assets		$	20,821	$	18,937
Lease Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities (1)	Other liabilities	$	20,430	$	17,982
Finance lease liability	Other borrowings	1,750		1,904
Total lease liabilities		$	22,180	$	19,886

(1) Operating lease liabilities excludes liabilities for future rent and estimated lease termination payments related to closed branches of $8.2 million at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Schedule of Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate

	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases	7.04 years		8.22 years
Finance lease	6.85 years		7.59 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	2.84	%	2.97	%
Finance lease	5.63		5.63

Schedule of Lease Costs and Other Lease Information

The following table represents lease expenses and other lease information (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Lease Expense
Operating lease expense	$	1,159	$	1,498	$	3,857	$	4,459
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of ROU assets	49		50		149		149
Interest on lease liabilities(1)	24		28		76		85
Total	$	1,232	$	1,576	$	4,082	$	4,693
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	955	$	1,322	$	3,366	$	4,119
Operating cash flows from finance leases	24		28		76		85
Financing cash flows from finance leases	52		50		154		146

(1)Included in borrowed funds interest expense on the consolidated statements of income. All other costs are included in occupancy expense.

Future Minimum Payments for Finance Leases

Future minimum payments for the finance lease and operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Finance Lease		Operating Leases
For the Twelve Months Ending September 30,
2023	$	307	$	4,268
2024	307		3,790
2025	307		3,841
2026	307		3,075
2027	307		2,198
Thereafter	568		5,721
Total	2,103		22,893
Less: Imputed interest	(353)		(2,463)
Total lease liabilities	$	1,750	$	20,430

Future Minimum Payments for Operating Leases

Future minimum payments for the finance lease and operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Finance Lease		Operating Leases
For the Twelve Months Ending September 30,
2023	$	307	$	4,268
2024	307		3,790
2025	307		3,841
2026	307		3,075
2027	307		2,198
Thereafter	568		5,721
Total	2,103		22,893
Less: Imputed interest	(353)		(2,463)
Total lease liabilities	$	1,750	$	20,430

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Variable Interest Entity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Information of Variable Interest Entities

The summarized financial information for the Company’s consolidated VIE consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,234
Other assets	1,079
Total assets	34,313
Other liabilities	31,906
Net assets	$	2,407

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Business Combinations - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 01, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 506,146	$ 500,319
Trident Abstract Title Agency, LLC
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, percentage of voting interests acquired	60.00%
Consideration paid	$ 7,084
Goodwill	$ 5,827

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Business Combinations - Summary of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed and Their Initial Fair Value Estimates (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 01, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Liabilities assumed:
Goodwill recorded		$ 506,146	$ 500,319
Trident Abstract Title Agency, LLC
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net [Abstract]
Total purchase price	$ 7,084
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	45,693
Other current assets	238
Premises and equipment	18
ROU asset	779
Other assets	81
Total assets acquired	46,809
Liabilities assumed:
Lease liability	779
Other liabilities	43,937
Total liabilities assumed	44,716
Net assets acquired	2,093
Net assets attributable to non-controlling interest	836
Goodwill recorded	$ 5,827

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Earnings per Share - Reconciliation of Shares Outstanding for Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	59,134	59,722	59,245	60,050
Less: Unallocated ESOP shares (in shares)	(363)	(353)	(393)	(369)
Unallocated incentive award shares (in shares)	(90)	(58)	(75)	(62)
Average basic shares outstanding (in shares)	58,681	59,311	58,777	59,619
Add: Effect of dilutive securities:
Incentive awards (in shares)	120	204	141	243
Average diluted shares outstanding (in shares)	58,801	59,515	58,918	59,862

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Earnings per Share - Additional Information (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Antidilutive stock options excluded from earnings per share calculations (in shares)	1,552	1,573	1,552	1,566

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Securities - Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value of Securities Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 519,297		$ 569,874
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized gains	0		1,275
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized losses	(48,997)		(2,894)
Available-for-sale, fair value	470,300		568,255
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
Amortized Cost	1,031,383		1,143,548
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized gains	512		18,967
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized losses	(126,469)		(9,771)
Debt securities held-to-maturity	905,426		1,152,744
Allowance for Credit Losses	(1,234)	$ (1,293)	(1,467)	$ (1,503)	$ (1,609)	$ (1,715)
Total, amortized cost	1,550,680		1,713,422
Total, gross unrealized gains	512		20,242
Total, gross unrealized losses	(175,466)		(12,665)
Total, estimated fair value	1,375,726		1,720,999
U.S. government and agency obligations
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, amortized cost	107,198		164,756
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized gains			1,135
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized losses	(8,099)		(471)
Available-for-sale, fair value	99,099		165,420
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
Corporate debt securities
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, amortized cost	5,000		5,000
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized gains	0		42
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized losses	(628)		(11)
Available-for-sale, fair value	4,372		5,031
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
Amortized Cost	59,000		68,823
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized gains	403		1,628
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized losses	(3,135)		(1,279)
Debt securities held-to-maturity	56,268		69,172
Allowance for Credit Losses	(1,135)		(1,343)
Asset-backed securities
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, amortized cost	296,228		298,976
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized gains	0		41
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized losses	(21,355)		(1,489)
Available-for-sale, fair value	274,873		297,528
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
Agency commercial
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, amortized cost	110,871		101,142
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized gains	0		57
Available-for-sale, gross unrealized losses	(18,915)		(923)
Available-for-sale, fair value	91,956		100,276
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
Amortized Cost	7,440		4,385
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized gains	6		7
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized losses	(279)		(44)
Debt securities held-to-maturity	7,167		4,348
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	263,614		281,389
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized gains	0		10,185
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized losses	(31,052)		(1,164)
Debt securities held-to-maturity	232,562		290,410
Allowance for Credit Losses	(63)		(85)
Agency residential
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	674,356		756,844
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized gains	103		6,785
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized losses	(89,696)		(7,180)
Debt securities held-to-maturity	584,763		756,449
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
Non-agency commercial
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	26,973		32,107
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized gains	0		362
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized losses	(2,307)		(104)
Debt securities held-to-maturity	24,666		32,365
Allowance for Credit Losses	(36)		(39)
Total mortgage-backed securities
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	708,769		793,336
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized gains	109		7,154
Held-to-maturity, gross unrealized losses	(92,282)		(7,328)
Debt securities held-to-maturity	616,596		793,162
Allowance for Credit Losses	$ (36)		$ (39)

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Securities - Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Allowance for securities credit losses
Beginning balance	$ (1,293)	$ (1,609)	$ (1,467)	$ (1,715)
Credit loss benefit	59	106	233	212
Total ending allowance balance	$ (1,234)	$ (1,503)	$ (1,234)	$ (1,503)

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Securities - Credit Quality Indicator (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	$ 349,587
Investment Grade | Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	334,222
Non-Investment Grade/Non-rated | Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	15,365
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations | Investment securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	263,614
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations | Investment Grade | Investment securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	263,614
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations | Non-Investment Grade/Non-rated | Investment securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	0
Corporate debt securities | Investment securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	59,000
Corporate debt securities | Investment Grade | Investment securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	43,635
Corporate debt securities | Non-Investment Grade/Non-rated | Investment securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	15,365
Non-agency commercial MBS | Non-agency commercial
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	26,973
Non-agency commercial MBS | Investment Grade | Non-agency commercial
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	26,973
Non-agency commercial MBS | Non-Investment Grade/Non-rated | Non-agency commercial
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	$ 0

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Securities - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2013
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities transferred to held-to-maturity securities					$ 12,700,000	$ 536,000,000
Unrealized net loss on securities reclassified from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, Gross					209,000	$ 13,300,000
Debt securities, available-for-sale, realized gain (loss)	$ 131,000	$ 0	$ 23,000	$ 0
Debt securities, held to maturity	1,027,712,000		1,027,712,000		1,139,193,000
Equity investments	81,722,000		81,722,000		101,155,000
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances, Federal Reserve Discount Window And Other Borrowings
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt securities, held to maturity	866,500,000		866,500,000		1,140,000,000
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt securities, held to maturity	105,500,000		105,500,000		$ 142,900,000
Corporate debt securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt securities, amortized cost	56,000,000		56,000,000
Debt securities, fair value	52,700,000		52,700,000
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt securities, amortized cost	75,000,000		75,000,000
Debt securities, fair value	68,700,000		68,700,000
Asset-backed securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt securities, amortized cost	296,200,000		296,200,000
Debt securities, fair value	$ 274,900,000		$ 274,900,000

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Securities - Carrying Value of Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Amortized cost	$ 1,031,383	$ 1,143,548
Net loss on date of transfer from available-for-sale	(13,556)	(13,556)
Allowance for securities credit losses	(1,234)	(1,467)	$ (1,293)	$ (1,503)	$ (1,609)	$ (1,715)
Accretion of net unrealized loss on securities reclassified as held-to-maturity	11,119	10,668
Carrying value	$ 1,027,712	$ 1,139,193

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Securities - Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value of Investment Securities by Contractual Maturity (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Amortized Cost
Less than one year	$ 55,326
Due after one year through five years	166,980
Due after five years through ten years	225,771
Due after ten years	282,963
Total amortized cost	731,040
Estimated Fair Value
Less than one year	54,972
Due after one year through five years	154,459
Due after five years through ten years	205,348
Due after ten years	252,395
Total estimated fair value	$ 667,174

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Securities - Estimated Fair Value and Unrealized Loss for Securities Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	$ 373,764	$ 444,596
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(39,311)	(2,894)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	96,537	0
Available-for-sale, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(9,686)	0
Available-for-sale, Total, Estimated Fair Value	470,301	444,596
Available-for-sale, Total, Unrealized Losses	(48,997)	(2,894)
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	463,077	572,009
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(51,935)	(8,309)
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Estimated Fair Value	420,336	55,402
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(74,534)	(1,462)
Held-to-maturity, Total, Estimated Fair Value	883,413	627,411
Held-to-maturity, total, unrealized losses	(126,469)	(9,771)
Total securities, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	836,841	1,016,605
Total securities, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(91,246)	(11,203)
Total securities, 12 months or longer, Estimated Fair Value	516,873	55,402
Total securities, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(84,220)	(1,462)
Total securities, Estimated Fair Value	1,353,714	1,072,007
Total securities, Unrealized Losses	(175,466)	(12,665)
U.S. government and agency obligations | Investment securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	75,464	82,395
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(5,924)	(471)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	23,635	0
Available-for-sale, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(2,175)	0
Available-for-sale, Total, Estimated Fair Value	99,099	82,395
Available-for-sale, Total, Unrealized Losses	(8,099)	(471)
Corporate debt securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity, total, unrealized losses	(3,135)	(1,279)
Corporate debt securities | Investment securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	3,496	1,989
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(504)	(11)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	877	0
Available-for-sale, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(124)	0
Available-for-sale, Total, Estimated Fair Value	4,373	1,989
Available-for-sale, Total, Unrealized Losses	(628)	(11)
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	14,142	38,304
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(319)	(1,279)
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Estimated Fair Value	36,516	0
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(2,816)	0
Held-to-maturity, Total, Estimated Fair Value	50,658	38,304
Held-to-maturity, total, unrealized losses	(3,135)	(1,279)
Asset-backed securities | Investment securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	216,926	279,486
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(16,650)	(1,489)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	57,947	0
Available-for-sale, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(4,705)	0
Available-for-sale, Total, Estimated Fair Value	274,873	279,486
Available-for-sale, Total, Unrealized Losses	(21,355)	(1,489)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	276,845	458,376
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(29,156)	(5,967)
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Estimated Fair Value	325,171	51,019
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(63,126)	(1,361)
Held-to-maturity, Total, Estimated Fair Value	602,016	509,395
Held-to-maturity, total, unrealized losses	(92,282)	(7,328)
Mortgage-backed securities: | Investment securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	77,878	80,726
Available-for-sale, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(16,233)	(923)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	14,078	0
Available-for-sale, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(2,682)	0
Available-for-sale, Total, Estimated Fair Value	91,956	80,726
Available-for-sale, Total, Unrealized Losses	(18,915)	(923)
Mortgage-backed securities: | Agency residential
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	252,724	445,399
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(26,933)	(5,822)
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Estimated Fair Value	318,925	50,133
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(62,763)	(1,358)
Held-to-maturity, Total, Estimated Fair Value	571,649	495,532
Held-to-maturity, total, unrealized losses	(89,696)	(7,180)
Mortgage-backed securities: | Agency commercial
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	3,609	2,255
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(242)	(41)
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Estimated Fair Value	2,092	886
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(37)	(3)
Held-to-maturity, Total, Estimated Fair Value	5,701	3,141
Held-to-maturity, total, unrealized losses	(279)	(44)
Mortgage-backed securities: | Non-agency commercial
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	20,512	10,722
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(1,981)	(104)
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Estimated Fair Value	4,154	0
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(326)	0
Held-to-maturity, Total, Estimated Fair Value	24,666	10,722
Held-to-maturity, total, unrealized losses	(2,307)	(104)
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity, total, unrealized losses	(31,052)	(1,164)
State, municipal and sovereign debt obligations | Investment securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities And Held To Maturity Securities [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	172,090	75,329
Held-to-maturity, Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(22,460)	(1,063)
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Estimated Fair Value	58,649	4,383
Held-to-maturity, 12 months or longer, Unrealized Losses	(8,592)	(101)
Held-to-maturity, Total, Estimated Fair Value	230,739	79,712
Held-to-maturity, total, unrealized losses	$ (31,052)	$ (1,164)

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Securities - Equity Securities Realized Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Net gain (loss) on equity investments	$ 3,362	$ (466)	$ (7,502)	$ 8,397
Less: Net gains recognized on equity securities sold	0	0	1,351	8,123
Unrealized gain (loss) recognized on equity securities still held	$ 3,362	$ (466)	$ (8,853)	$ 274

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Loans Receivable, Net - Components of Loans Receivable, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	$ 9,718,760		$ 8,622,870
Deferred origination costs, net of fees	7,249		9,332
Allowance for loan credit losses	(53,521)	$ (52,061)	(48,850)	$ (50,153)	$ (53,876)	$ (60,735)
Total loans receivable, net	9,672,488		8,583,352
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	6,644,041		5,882,350
Commercial | Commercial real estate – investor
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	5,007,637		4,378,061
Commercial | Commercial real estate – owner occupied
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	983,784		1,055,065
Commercial | Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	652,620		449,224
Commercial | Commercial and industrial | Paycheck Protection Program
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	3,000		22,900
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	3,074,719		2,740,520
Allowance for loan credit losses	(1,088)	$ (996)	(1,268)	$ (1,641)	$ (1,267)	$ (1,770)
Consumer | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	2,813,209		2,479,701
Consumer | Home equity loans and lines and other consumer (“other consumer”)
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	$ 261,510		$ 260,819

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Loans Receivable, Net - Credit Grades and Risk Characteristics (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	$ 1,898,226	$ 2,449,710
Year two	2,119,628	1,202,923
Year three	1,102,441	1,061,158
Year four	957,174	585,795
Year five	477,363	634,834
Year six and prior	2,271,026	2,138,982
Revolving lines of credit	892,902	549,468
Total	9,718,760	8,622,870
Commercial real estate – investor
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	936,746	1,387,753
Year two	1,354,997	614,183
Year three	574,945	588,147
Year four	547,529	284,530
Year five	223,776	386,872
Year six and prior	992,869	856,980
Revolving lines of credit	376,775	259,596
Total	5,007,637	4,378,061
Commercial real estate – investor | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	936,746	1,387,753
Year two	1,354,997	609,916
Year three	574,752	535,551
Year four	507,749	274,662
Year five	214,473	375,646
Year six and prior	948,538	800,089
Revolving lines of credit	374,043	255,613
Total	4,911,298	4,239,230
Commercial real estate – investor | Special Mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	0
Year three	193	23,794
Year four	19,021	9,400
Year five	9,303	2,731
Year six and prior	8,628	28,663
Revolving lines of credit	2,188	582
Total	39,333	65,170
Commercial real estate – investor | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	4,267
Year three	0	28,802
Year four	20,759	468
Year five	0	8,495
Year six and prior	35,703	28,228
Revolving lines of credit	544	3,401
Total	57,006	73,661
Commercial real estate – owner occupied
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	67,572	116,355
Year two	118,428	71,196
Year three	64,754	140,743
Year four	121,003	103,909
Year five	95,667	115,317
Year six and prior	505,423	495,913
Revolving lines of credit	10,937	11,632
Total	983,784	1,055,065
Commercial real estate – owner occupied | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	67,572	116,355
Year two	118,428	71,196
Year three	61,004	125,212
Year four	115,273	91,531
Year five	90,050	109,232
Year six and prior	479,174	449,966
Revolving lines of credit	9,837	10,913
Total	941,338	974,405
Commercial real estate – owner occupied | Special Mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	0
Year three	0	1,365
Year four	0	3,829
Year five	757	479
Year six and prior	10,018	14,371
Revolving lines of credit	0	2
Total	10,775	20,046
Commercial real estate – owner occupied | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	0
Year three	3,750	14,166
Year four	5,730	8,549
Year five	4,860	5,606
Year six and prior	16,231	31,576
Revolving lines of credit	1,100	717
Total	31,671	60,614
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	45,285	42,955
Year two	25,101	23,030
Year three	15,338	25,390
Year four	19,054	17,567
Year five	12,237	8,954
Year six and prior	52,239	53,088
Revolving lines of credit	483,366	278,240
Total	652,620	449,224
Commercial and industrial | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	45,285	42,955
Year two	25,101	22,573
Year three	15,232	22,878
Year four	17,468	16,404
Year five	11,921	8,671
Year six and prior	49,371	50,887
Revolving lines of credit	481,519	271,818
Total	645,897	436,186
Commercial and industrial | Special Mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	0
Year three	0	231
Year four	0	350
Year five	0	85
Year six and prior	262	172
Revolving lines of credit	1,722	3,645
Total	1,984	4,483
Commercial and industrial | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	457
Year three	106	2,281
Year four	1,586	813
Year five	316	198
Year six and prior	2,606	2,029
Revolving lines of credit	125	2,777
Total	4,739	8,555
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	261,510	260,819
Consumer | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	829,041	876,135
Year two	595,233	475,346
Year three	431,072	288,699
Year four	253,484	127,817
Year five	103,617	105,736
Year six and prior	600,762	605,968
Revolving lines of credit	0	0
Total	2,813,209	2,479,701
Consumer | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	19,582	26,512
Year two	25,869	19,168
Year three	16,332	18,179
Year four	16,104	51,972
Year five	42,066	17,955
Year six and prior	119,733	127,033
Revolving lines of credit	21,824	0
Total	261,510	260,819
Consumer | Pass | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	829,041	876,135
Year two	595,233	475,134
Year three	431,072	288,699
Year four	253,353	127,756
Year five	103,330	105,385
Year six and prior	597,224	602,331
Revolving lines of credit	0	0
Total	2,809,253	2,475,440
Consumer | Pass | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	19,582	26,512
Year two	25,869	19,168
Year three	16,332	18,179
Year four	15,940	51,954
Year five	42,026	17,955
Year six and prior	117,718	123,783
Revolving lines of credit	21,824	0
Total	259,291	257,551
Consumer | Special Mention | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	212
Year three	0	0
Year four	131	61
Year five	0	0
Year six and prior	1,690	1,313
Revolving lines of credit	0	0
Total	1,821	1,586
Consumer | Special Mention | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	0
Year three	0	0
Year four	164	0
Year five	22	0
Year six and prior	231	322
Revolving lines of credit	0	0
Total	417	322
Consumer | Substandard | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	0
Year three	0	0
Year four	0	0
Year five	287	351
Year six and prior	1,848	2,324
Revolving lines of credit	0	0
Total	2,135	2,675
Consumer | Substandard | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Year one	0	0
Year two	0	0
Year three	0	0
Year four	0	18
Year five	18	0
Year six and prior	1,784	2,928
Revolving lines of credit	0	0
Total	$ 1,802	$ 2,946

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Loans Receivable, Net - Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans by Portfolio Segment and Based on Impairment Method Excluding PCI Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	$ 52,061	$ 53,876	$ 48,850	$ 60,735
Credit loss expense (benefit)	1,208	(4,109)	4,336	(11,024)
Charge-offs	(5)	(163)	(435)	(939)
Recoveries	257	549	770	1,381
Balance at end of period	53,521	50,153	53,521	50,153
Commercial Real Estate – Investor
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	22,608	33,037	25,504	26,703
Credit loss expense (benefit)	82	(9,902)	(2,865)	(3,336)
Charge-offs	(3)	0	(3)	(345)
Recoveries	3	5	54	118
Balance at end of period	22,690	23,140	22,690	23,140
Commercial real estate – owner occupied
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	5,021	6,350	5,884	15,054
Credit loss expense (benefit)	(1,047)	515	(2,003)	(8,225)
Charge-offs	0	(64)	(18)	(64)
Recoveries	48	26	159	62
Balance at end of period	4,022	6,827	4,022	6,827
Commercial and industrial
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	5,240	4,404	5,039	5,390
Credit loss expense (benefit)	554	1,962	720	958
Charge-offs	0	(50)	0	(83)
Recoveries	69	50	104	101
Balance at end of period	5,863	6,366	5,863	6,366
Residential Real Estate
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	18,196	8,818	11,155	11,818
Credit loss expense (benefit)	1,618	3,081	8,612	284
Charge-offs	0	(12)	(56)	(254)
Recoveries	44	292	147	331
Balance at end of period	19,858	12,179	19,858	12,179
Other consumer
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of period	996	1,267	1,268	1,770
Credit loss expense (benefit)	1	235	(128)	(705)
Charge-offs	(2)	(37)	(358)	(193)
Recoveries	93	176	306	769
Balance at end of period	$ 1,088	$ 1,641	$ 1,088	$ 1,641

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Loans Receivable, Net - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of loans | loan				1
Financing receivable commitments to lend additional funds on non accrual loans				$ 46,000
Troubled debt restructuring loans		$ 16,100,000		23,600,000
Non-accrual loan total troubled debt restructurings		10,000,000		11,300,000
Specific reserves to loans accruing troubled debt restructurings		667,000		0
Financing receivable impaired troubled debt restructuring performing loan amount		$ 6,100,000		12,300,000
Paycheck Protection Program
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of loans | loan		1
Financing receivable commitments to lend additional funds on non accrual loans		$ 21,000
Commercial Real Estate – Investor
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Recorded investment in mortgage and consumer loans collateralized, foreclosure amount		3,900,000		3,600,000
TDR, Subsequent default, number of contracts | loan	1		1
Troubled debt restructuring	$ 923,000		$ 923,000
Commercial real estate – owner occupied
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Recorded investment in mortgage and consumer loans collateralized, foreclosure amount		2,000,000		11,900,000
Commercial and industrial
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Recorded investment in mortgage and consumer loans collateralized, foreclosure amount		321,000		277,000
Residential real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Recorded investment in mortgage and consumer loans collateralized, foreclosure amount		1,100,000		438,000
Foreclosed property held		$ 0		$ 106,000

XML

Loans Receivable, Net - Recorded Investment in Non-Accrual Loans by Loan Portfolio Segment Excluding PCI Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans with non-accrual of interest	$ 21,498	$ 25,494
Commercial real estate – investor
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans with non-accrual of interest	9,866	3,614
Commercial real estate – owner occupied
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans with non-accrual of interest	1,976	11,904
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans with non-accrual of interest	321	277
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans with non-accrual of interest	5,958	6,114
Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans with non-accrual of interest	$ 3,377	$ 3,585

XML

Loans Receivable, Net - Aging of Recorded Investment in Past Due Loans Excluding PCI Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	$ 9,718,760	$ 8,622,870
Total Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	17,893	22,728
30-59 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	2,577	12,385
60-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	9,269	2,161
90 Days or Greater Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	6,047	8,182
Loans Not Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	9,700,867	8,600,142
Commercial real estate – investor
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	5,007,637	4,378,061
Commercial real estate – investor | Total Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	2,993	3,528
Commercial real estate – investor | 30-59 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	0	1,717
Commercial real estate – investor | 60-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	968	102
Commercial real estate – investor | 90 Days or Greater Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	2,025	1,709
Commercial real estate – investor | Loans Not Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	5,004,644	4,374,533
Commercial real estate – owner occupied
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	983,784	1,055,065
Commercial real estate – owner occupied | Total Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	6,126	1,174
Commercial real estate – owner occupied | 30-59 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	428	599
Commercial real estate – owner occupied | 60-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	5,613	0
Commercial real estate – owner occupied | 90 Days or Greater Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	85	575
Commercial real estate – owner occupied | Loans Not Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	977,658	1,053,891
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	652,620	449,224
Commercial and industrial | Total Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	1,922	453
Commercial and industrial | 30-59 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	1,472	25
Commercial and industrial | 60-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	450	151
Commercial and industrial | 90 Days or Greater Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	0	277
Commercial and industrial | Loans Not Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	650,698	448,771
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	2,813,209	2,479,701
Residential real estate | Total Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	3,963	13,966
Residential real estate | 30-59 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	6	9,705
Residential real estate | 60-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	1,821	1,586
Residential real estate | 90 Days or Greater Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	2,136	2,675
Residential real estate | Loans Not Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	2,809,246	2,465,735
Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	261,510	260,819
Other consumer | Total Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	2,889	3,607
Other consumer | 30-59 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	671	339
Other consumer | 60-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	417	322
Other consumer | 90 Days or Greater Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	1,801	2,946
Other consumer | Loans Not Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Total loans receivable	$ 258,621	$ 257,212

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Loans Receivable, Net - Troubled Debt Restructurings (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) loan
Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of Loans | loan	3		6	2
Pre-modification Recorded Investment	$ 114		$ 1,105	$ 26
Post-modification Recorded Investment	$ 124		$ 1,233	$ 33
Commercial real estate – owner occupied
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of Loans | loan		1		1
Pre-modification Recorded Investment		$ 93		$ 93
Post-modification Recorded Investment		$ 110		$ 110
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of Loans | loan			1
Pre-modification Recorded Investment			$ 65
Post-modification Recorded Investment			$ 65
Commercial real estate – investor
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of Loans | loan				1
Pre-modification Recorded Investment				$ 4,903
Post-modification Recorded Investment				$ 4,903
Residential Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of Loans | loan				3
Pre-modification Recorded Investment				$ 244
Post-modification Recorded Investment				$ 336

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Deposits - Summary of Major Types of Deposits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]
Non-interest-bearing	$ 2,325,547	$ 2,412,056
Interest-bearing checking	3,909,864	4,201,736
Money market deposit	749,229	736,090
Savings	1,570,472	1,607,933
Time deposits	1,404,357	775,001
Total deposits	$ 9,959,469	$ 9,732,816

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Deposits - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]
Time deposits, $250,000 and over	$ 94.1	$ 145.4
Time deposits also include brokered deposits	$ 828.7	$ 25.0

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Borrowed Funds - Summary of Borrowed Funds (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
FHLB advances	$ 514,200	$ 0
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289	118,769
Other borrowings	194,914	229,141
Total borrowed funds	$ 805,403	$ 347,910

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Borrowed Funds - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
FHLB short-term advances		$ 500.0	$ 0.0
FHLB advances overnight borrowing		$ 14.2	$ 0.0
Maturing September 30, 2026 | Subordinated Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes	$ 35.0
Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage	4.14%
Maturing September 30, 2026 | Subordinated Debt | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate percentage	3.92%

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Fair Value Measurements - Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other real estate owned	$ 0		$ 0		$ 106
Unrealized gain (loss) recognized on equity securities still held	3,362	$ (466)	$ (8,853)	$ 274
Measurement Input, Discount Rate
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Minimum range of unobservable inputs			0.00%		0.00%
Maximum range of unobservable inputs			8.00%		8.00%
Measurement Input, Appraisal Adjustments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Minimum range of unobservable inputs			0.00%		0.00%
Maximum range of unobservable inputs			10.00%		10.00%
Items measured on a recurring basis
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities available-for-sale	470,300		$ 470,300		$ 568,255
Equity investments	62,343		62,343		90,726
Interest rate derivative asset	122,605		122,605		22,787
Interest rate derivative liability	(122,618)		(122,618)		(22,855)
Items measured on a recurring basis | Level 1 Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities available-for-sale	0		0		0
Equity investments	566		566		14,608
Interest rate derivative asset	0		0		0
Interest rate derivative liability	0		0		0
Items measured on a recurring basis | Level 2 Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities available-for-sale	470,300		470,300		568,255
Equity investments	61,777		61,777		73,400
Interest rate derivative asset	122,605		122,605		22,787
Interest rate derivative liability	(122,618)		(122,618)		(22,855)
Items measured on a recurring basis | Level 3 Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities available-for-sale	0		0		0
Equity investments	0		0		2,718
Interest rate derivative asset	0		0		0
Interest rate derivative liability	0		0		0
Items measured on a non-recurring basis
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity investments	19,379		19,379		10,429
Other real estate owned					106
Items measured on a non-recurring basis | Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral	7,268		7,268		16,233
Items measured on a non-recurring basis | Level 1 Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity investments	0		0		0
Other real estate owned					0
Items measured on a non-recurring basis | Level 1 Inputs | Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral	0		0		0
Items measured on a non-recurring basis | Level 2 Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity investments	0		0		0
Other real estate owned					0
Items measured on a non-recurring basis | Level 2 Inputs | Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral	0		0		0
Items measured on a non-recurring basis | Level 3 Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity investments	19,379		19,379		10,429
Other real estate owned					106
Items measured on a non-recurring basis | Level 3 Inputs | Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Loans measured for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral	7,268		7,268		$ 16,233
Items measured on a non-recurring basis | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity investments	16,800		$ 16,800
Unrealized gain (loss) recognized on equity securities still held	$ 2,500

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Fair Value Measurements - Debt Securities Available for Sale Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Debt Securities, Available For Sale, Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Transfers out of Level 3			$ (2,700)
Items measured on a recurring basis | Level 3 Inputs | Equity Investments
Debt Securities, Available For Sale, Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 0	$ 2,978	2,718	$ 2,540
Total losses included in earnings	0	(622)	0	(184)
Transfers out of Level 3	0	0	(2,718)	0
Ending balance	$ 0	$ 2,356	$ 0	$ 2,356

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Fair Value Measurements - Book Value and Estimated Fair Value of Bank's Significant Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financial Assets:
Debt securities held-to-maturity	$ 905,426	$ 1,152,744
Restricted equity investments	77,556	53,195
Financial Liabilities:
Time deposits	1,404,357	775,001
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289	118,769
Level 1 Inputs
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	170,668	204,949
Debt securities held-to-maturity	0	0
Restricted equity investments	0	0
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	0	0
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	0	0
Time deposits	0	0
FHLB advances and other borrowings	0	0
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	96,289	118,769
Level 2 Inputs
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	0	0
Debt securities held-to-maturity	893,044	1,138,529
Restricted equity investments	0	0
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	0	0
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	8,555,112	8,957,815
Time deposits	1,365,574	773,766
FHLB advances and other borrowings	722,430	251,491
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	0	0
Level 3 Inputs
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	0	0
Debt securities held-to-maturity	12,382	14,215
Restricted equity investments	77,556	53,195
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	8,992,317	8,533,506
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	0	0
Time deposits	0	0
FHLB advances and other borrowings	0	0
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	0	0
Book Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	170,668	204,949
Debt securities held-to-maturity	1,027,712	1,139,193
Restricted equity investments	77,556	53,195
Loans receivable, net and loans held-for-sale	9,676,037	8,583,352
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits other than time deposits	8,555,112	8,957,815
Time deposits	1,404,357	775,001
FHLB advances and other borrowings	709,114	229,141
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase with customers	$ 96,289	$ 118,769

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Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Other Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative [Line Items]
Collateral already posted, fair value	$ 40		$ 40		$ 19,800
Collateral received from third parties	112,100		112,100		0
Other liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Credit risk derivative liability, fair value	122,618		122,618		22,855
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	1,300,000		1,300,000		$ 938,700
Interest Rate Swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Income (expense) in fair value adjustments	$ 19	$ 14	$ 56	$ 55

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Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Other Financial Instruments - Notional and Fair Value of Derivatives Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Credit risk derivative asset, fair value	$ 122,605	$ 22,787
Other liabilities
Derivative [Line Items]
Credit risk derivative liability, fair value	$ 122,618	$ 22,855

XML

Leases - Additional Information (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 lease renewal_term
Leases [Abstract]
Number of finance leases | lease	1
Number of option to renew | renewal_term	1

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Leases - Schedule of Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 19,474	$ 17,442
Finance lease ROU asset	1,347	1,495
Total lease ROU assets	$ 20,821	$ 18,937
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other assets	Other assets
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Premises and equipment, net	Premises and equipment, net
Lease Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	$ 20,430	$ 17,982
Finance lease liability	1,750	1,904
Total lease liabilities	$ 22,180	$ 19,886
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other liabilities	Other liabilities
Finance Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other borrowings	Other borrowings
Future rent and estimated lease termination liability excluded from operating lease liability	$ 8,200	$ 8,200

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Leases - Schedule of Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term (years)	7 years 14 days	8 years 2 months 19 days
Finance lease, weighted average remaining lease term (years)	6 years 10 months 6 days	7 years 7 months 2 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate (percent)	2.84%	2.97%
Finance lease, weighted average discount rate (percent)	5.63%	5.63%

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Leases - Schedule of Lease Costs and Other Lease Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Lease Expense
Operating lease expense	$ 1,159	$ 1,498	$ 3,857	$ 4,459
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of ROU assets	49	50	149	149
Interest on lease liabilities	24	28	76	85
Total	1,232	1,576	4,082	4,693
Operating cash flows from operating leases	955	1,322	3,366	4,119
Operating cash flows from finance leases	24	28	76	85
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$ 52	$ 50	$ 154	$ 146

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Leases - Future Minimum Payments for Operating and Financing Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finance Lease
2023	$ 307
2024	307
2025	307
2026	307
2027	307
Thereafter	568
Total	2,103
Less: Imputed interest	(353)
Total lease liabilities	1,750	$ 1,904
Operating Leases
2023	4,268
2024	3,790
2025	3,841
2026	3,075
2027	2,198
Thereafter	5,721
Total	22,893
Less: Imputed interest	(2,463)
Total lease liabilities	$ 20,430	$ 17,982

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Variable Interest Entity - Additional Information (Details)	Apr. 01, 2022
Trident Abstract Title Agency, LLC
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Business acquisition, percentage of voting interests acquired	60.00%

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Variable Interest Entity - Schedule of Financial Information Variable Interest Entity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Other assets	$ 228,066	$ 147,007
Total assets	12,683,453	11,739,616
Other liabilities	352,908	$ 122,032
VIE
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	33,234
Other assets	1,079
Total assets	34,313
Other liabilities	31,906
Net assets	$ 2,407