Power of Attorney Documents for Signature - Annual Update Filings

APPROVAL OF A POWER OF ATTORNEY

RESOLVED, that the proposed Power of Attorney, in substantially the form presented, constituting and appointing Anne E. Robinson and Laura J. Merianos (each with full power to act alone) as attorneys-in-fact and agents for (i) each of the Directors, Trustees, principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer of the investment companies that are listed inthe proposed Power ofAttorney (each ofsuch investment companies, a "VanguardCompany"); and (ii) each of the Vanguard Companies, for the purpose of executing and filing for and on behalf of the Vanguard Companies all requisite papers and documents (including registration statements and pre- and post-effective amendments thereto) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the offices of the securities administrators ofthe states and similarjurisdictions ofthe United States to comply with the applicable laws ofthe United States, any individual state or similarjurisdiction ofthe United States, is hereby approved and may be executed by each designated Director/Trustee, officer and Vanguard Company.

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