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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2012
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]  
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A.  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The following is a summary of the significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of these financial statements:

Consolidation Principles--The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Twin Disc, Incorporated and its wholly and partially owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries.  Certain foreign subsidiaries are included based on fiscal years ending May 31, to facilitate prompt reporting of consolidated accounts.  The Company also has a noncontrolling interest in a Japanese joint venture, which is consolidated based upon a fiscal year ending March 31.  All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Translation of Foreign Currencies--The financial statements of the Company's non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated using the current exchange rate for assets and liabilities and the weighted-average exchange rate for the year for revenues and expenses.  The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is included in equity.  Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in earnings.  Included in other income (expense) are foreign currency transaction (gains) losses of ($1,103,000), $1,141,000 and ($571,000) in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Receivables--Trade accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,194,000 and $2,093,000 at June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts provision for certain customers where a risk of default has been specifically identified as well as provisions determined on a general basis when it is believed that some default is probable and estimable but not yet clearly associated with a specific customer.  The assessment of likelihood of customer default is based on a variety of factors, including the length of time the receivables are past due, the historical collection experience and existing economic conditions.  Various factors may adversely impact our customer's ability to access sufficient liquidity and capital to fund their operations and render the Company's estimation of customer defaults inherently uncertain.  While the Company believes current allowances for doubtful accounts are adequate, it is possible that these factors may cause higher levels of customer defaults and bad debt expense in future periods.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments--The carrying amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and short term borrowings approximate fair value because of the immediate short-term maturity of these financial instruments.  The fair value of the Company's 6.05% Senior Notes due April 10, 2016 was approximately $15,768,000 and $19,589,000 at June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  The fair value of the Senior Notes is estimated by discounting the future cash flows at rates offered to the Company for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities.  This rate was represented by the US Treasury Three-Year Yield Curve Rate (0.41% and 0.81% for fiscal 2012 and 2011, respectively), plus the current add-on related to the Company's revolving loan agreement (1.50% and 2.00% for fiscal 2012 and 2011, respectively) resulting in a total rate of 1.91% and 2.81% for fiscal 2012 and 2011, respectively.  See Note G, "Debt" for the related book value of this debt instrument.  The Company's revolving loan agreement approximates fair value at June 30, 2012.  If measured at fair value in the financial statements, long-term debt (including the current portion) would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, as described in Note M.

Derivative Financial Instruments--The Company has written policies and procedures that place all financial instruments under the direction of the Company's corporate treasury and restricts all derivative transactions to those intended for hedging purposes.  The use of financial instruments for trading purposes is prohibited.  The Company uses financial instruments to manage the market risk from changes in foreign exchange rates.

Periodically, the Company enters into forward exchange contracts to reduce the earnings and cash flow impact of non-functional currency denominated receivables and payables.  These contracts are highly effective in hedging the cash flows attributable to changes in currency exchange rates.  Gains and losses resulting from these contracts offset the foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying assets and liabilities being hedged.  The maturities of the forward exchange contracts generally coincide with the settlement dates of the related transactions.  Gains and losses on these contracts are recorded in other income (expense) as the changes in the fair value of the contracts are recognized and generally offset the gains and losses on the hedged items in the same period.  The primary currency to which the Company was exposed in fiscal 2012 and 2011 was the Euro.  At June 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company had no outstanding forward exchange contracts.

Inventories--Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market.  Cost has been determined by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method for the majority of inventories located in the United States, and by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method for all other inventories.  Management specifically identifies obsolete products and analyzes historical usage, forecasted production based on future orders, demand forecasts, and economic trends, among others, when evaluating the adequacy of the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory.

Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation--Assets are stated at cost.  Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged against earnings as incurred.  Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized and depreciated.  Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets for financial reporting and on accelerated methods for income tax purposes.  The lives assigned to buildings and related improvements range from 10 to 40 years, and the lives assigned to machinery and equipment range from 5 to 15 years.  Upon disposal of property, plant and equipment, the cost of the asset and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in earnings.  Fully depreciated assets are not removed from the accounts until physically disposed.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets--The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable.  For property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets, excluding indefinite-lived intangible assets, the Company performs undiscounted operating cash flow analyses to determine if an impairment exists.  If an impairment is determined to exist, any related impairment loss is calculated based on fair value.

Revenue Recognition--Revenue is recognized by the Company when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred and ownership has transferred to the customer; the price to the customer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.  Revenue is recognized at the time product is shipped to the customer, except for certain domestic shipments to overseas customers where revenue is recognized upon receipt by the customer.  A significant portion of our consolidated net sales is transacted through a third party distribution network.  Sales to third party distributors are subject to the revenue recognition criteria described above.  Goods sold to third party distributors are subject to an annual return policy, for which a provision is made at the time of shipment based upon historical experience.

Goodwill and Other Intangibles-- Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, primarily tradenames, are tested for impairment at least annually on the last day of the Company's fiscal year and more frequently if an event occurs which indicates the asset may be impaired in accordance with the ASC Topic 350-10, "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other."  If applicable, goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization have been assigned to reporting units for purposes of impairment testing based upon the relative fair value of the asset to each reporting unit.

A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred.  Such indicators may include, among others: a significant decline in expected future cash flows; a sustained, significant decline in the Company's stock price and market capitalization; a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate; unanticipated competition; the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit; and slower growth rates.  Any adverse change in these factors could have a significant impact on the recoverability of these assets and could have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Impairment of goodwill is measured according to a two step approach.  In the first step, the fair value of a reporting unit, as defined, is compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill.  The fair value is primarily determined using discounted cash flow analyses; however, other methods may be used to substantiate the discounted cash flow analyses, including third party valuations when necessary.  For purposes of the June 30, 2012 impairment analysis, the Company has utilized discounted cash flow analyses.  If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any.  In the second step, the implied value of the goodwill is estimated as the fair value of the reporting unit less the fair value of all other tangible and identifiable intangible assets of the reporting unit.  If the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the carrying amount of the goodwill.

Based upon the goodwill impairment review completed in conjunction with the preparation of the annual financial statements at the end of fiscal 2012, which incorporates management's best estimates of economic and market conditions over the projected period and a weighted-average cost of capital that reflects current market conditions, it was determined that the goodwill for one of the Company's reporting units was fully impaired.  The fair value of goodwill for each of the remaining reporting units exceeded the carrying value and therefore goodwill was not impaired.  See Note D for additional discussion of the fiscal 2012 impairment charge.

The fair value of the Company's other intangible assets with indefinite lives, primarily tradenames, is estimated using the relief-from-royalty method, which requires assumptions related to projected revenues; assumed royalty rates that could be payable if the Company did not own the asset; and a discount rate.  The Company completed the impairment testing of indefinite-lived intangibles as of June 30, 2012 and concluded there were no impairments.

Changes in circumstances, existing at the measurement date or at other times in the future, or in the numerous estimates associated with management's judgments, assumptions and estimates made in assessing the fair value of goodwill and other intangibles, could result in an impairment charge in the future.  The Company will continue to monitor all significant estimates and impairment indicators, and will perform interim impairment reviews as necessary.

Deferred Taxes--The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future income tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's financial statements.  Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which temporary differences are expected to reverse.  Valuation allowances are provided for deferred tax assets where it is considered more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefit of such assets.

Management Estimates--The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  Actual amounts could differ from those estimates.

Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs--The Company records revenue from shipping and handling costs in net sales.  The cost associated with shipping and handling of products is reflected in cost of goods sold.

Reclassification--Certain amounts in the 2011 and 2010 consolidated statements of operations have been reclassified to conform to the presentation in the fiscal 2012 financial statements.  Specifically, the amounts identified as restructuring for the years ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 ($254,000 and $494,000, respectively) have been reclassified into the Marketing, engineering and administrative expenses line item.  These same amounts were reclassified from the Restructuring of operations line to the Accrued liabilities line within the operating section of the consolidated statement of cash flows.  In addition, $2,419,000 has been reclassified from the current portion of Deferred income taxes to Other current assets on the fiscal 2011 consolidated balance sheets.  Finally, the amounts classified as Excess tax benefits from stock compensation on the consolidated statement of cash flows for fiscal 2011 and 2010 ($317,000 and ($131,000), respectively) have been reclassified from Other financing activities.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In July 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued amended guidance that simplifies how entities test indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill for impairment.  After an assessment of certain qualitative factors, if it is determined to be more likely than not that an indefinite-lived asset is impaired, entities must perform the quantitative impairment test.  Otherwise, the quantitative test is optional.  The amended guidance is effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted.  The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the company's financial results.

In September 2011, the FASB issued a standards update that is intended to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment.  This update permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is "more likely than not" that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in ASC Topic 350, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other."  This update is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011 (the Company's fiscal 2013).  This standards update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

In June 2011, FASB issued a standards update that will allow an entity the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements.  This standards update eliminates the option of presenting the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders' equity.  This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011 (the Company's fiscal 2013).  This standards update is not expected to have any impact on the Company's financial statements.

In May 2011, the FASB issued a standards update which represents the converged guidance of the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") on fair value measurement.  This collective effort has resulted in common requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements, including a consistent meaning of the term "fair value."  This update is to be applied prospectively effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011 (the Company's third fiscal quarter of 2012).  This standards update did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.