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Stock-Based Compensation
 3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
On January 22, 2020, our shareholders adopted our 2020 Stock Plan (the "2020 Stock Plan") and as of such date, we ceased granting awards under our amended and restated 2000 Stock Plan (the "2000 Stock Plan"). Additionally, since adoption of the 2020 Stock Plan, we also no longer grant awards under our amended and restated 1995 Directors Stock Plan (the "1995 Directors Stock Plan"), and all non-employee directors are awarded grants under the 2020 Stock Plan. Outstanding awards under our 2000 Stock Plan that are forfeited or returned to the Company for satisfaction of taxes, are transferred to the 2020 Stock Plan and may be used for future issuance. The 2020 Stock Plan (i) grants the Company's compensation committee the discretionary authority over the plan; (ii) makes employees, directors, consultants, and advisors of the Company and its subsidiaries eligible to receive awards; (iii) sets the number of shares of common stock that may be issued in satisfaction of awards to be 9,000,000 shares, plus the number of shares that become available for issuance under the 2000 Stock Plan; and (iv) identifies the annual limits on shares granted to each individual and the types of awards permissible.
As of December 31, 2021, we had 11.4 million shares available for future grants under the 2020 Stock Plan. We recognize stock-based compensation expenses over the requisite service periods. Our share-based awards are classified within equity upon issuance.
The amounts included in the consolidated statements of operations related to stock-based compensation are as follows (dollars in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended December 31,
20212020
Cost of hosting and professional services$7,206 $6,563 
Cost of product and licensing29 75 
Cost of maintenance and support471 426 
Research and development9,364 8,440 
Sales and marketing11,710 8,943 
General and administrative9,619 10,459 
Total$38,399 $34,906 
Stock Options
The table below summarizes activities related to stock options for the three months ended December 31, 2021:
Number of
Shares		Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (a)
Outstanding at September 30, 20219,355 $17.18 
Exercised(3,700)$17.18 
Outstanding at December 31, 20215,655 $17.18 0.3 years$0.2  million
Exercisable at December 31, 20215,655 $17.18 0.3 years$0.2  million
Exercisable at December 31, 20209,355 $17.18 1.3 years$0.3  million
__________
(a)The aggregate intrinsic value in this table represents any excess of the closing market price of our common stock as of December 31, 2021 ($55.32) over the exercise price of the underlying options.
The aggregate intrinsic values of stock options exercised during the three months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were de minimis.
Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Units
Restricted units and performance stock units are not included in issued and outstanding common stock until the units are vested and underlying shares are released. The purchase price for vested restricted units is $0.001 per share. The table below summarizes activities relating to restricted units and performance stock units for the three months ended December 31, 2021:
Number of Shares Underlying Restricted Units — Performance-Based AwardsNumber of Shares Underlying Restricted Units — Time-Based Awards
Outstanding at September 30, 20212,463,921 4,655,825 
Granted (a)
880,362 1,796,045 
Earned/released(1,760,724)(2,110,257)
Forfeited(5,601)(34,455)
Outstanding at December 31, 20211,577,958 4,307,158 
Weighted average remaining recognition period of outstanding Restricted Units1.2 years1.8 years
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of outstanding Restricted Units$21.1 million$122.3 million
Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding Restricted Units (b)
$87.3 million$238.3 million
__________
(a)For the three months ending December 31, 2021, there were no performance-based restricted units granted. The granted performance-based restricted units for the period are a result of the performance-based restricted units vesting above their specified targets in our first quarter of fiscal year 2022.
(b)The aggregate intrinsic value in this table represents any excess of the closing market price of our common stock as of December 31, 2021 ($55.32) over the purchase price of the underlying restricted units.
A summary of the weighted-average grant-date fair value of restricted units granted, and the aggregate intrinsic value of restricted units vested during the periods noted is as follows: 
 Three Months Ended December 31,
20212020
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share$55.18 $37.26 
Total intrinsic value of shares vested (in millions)$213.4 $119.4 
Performance-based restricted units outstanding as of December 31, 2021 include performance goals based on total shareholder return relative to a peer index and a revenue growth metric (for awards granted in November 2020) during the performance period. The awards actually earned will be up to two hundred percent of the target number of the performance-based restricted units. Compensation expense related to performance-based restricted units aligned to the total shareholder return is recorded on a straight-line basis over the performance period of the award. The grant date fair value for performance-based restricted units aligned to total shareholder return is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Below is a summary of key assumptions of the valuation:
Three Months Ended December 31,
20212020
Dividend yield
N/A
0.0%
Expected volatility
N/A
34.95%
Risk-free interest rate
N/A
 0.21%
Expected term (in years)
N/A
3.00