SB-2 1 pytoformsb2markedev.htm As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 9, 2005






As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 18, 2005.                        Registration No. 333



SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549


FORM SB-2

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933



Phytomedical Technologies, Inc.

(Name of small business issuer in its charter)


Nevada

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Organization)


3841

(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code)


87-0429962B

(IRS Employer Identification Number)


1628 West 1st Avenue, Suite 216, Vancouver, British Columbia,  V6J 1G1

Telephone: (800) 611-3388

Facsimile: (604)  659-5029

(Address and telephone of registrant's executive office)


Mr. Harmel S. Rayat

1628 West 1st Avenue, Suite 216, Vancouver, British Columbia,  V6J 1G1

Telephone: (800) 611-3388

Facsimile: (604) 659-5029

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)


Copies of all communications and notices to:


Joseph Sierchio, Esq.

Sierchio Greco & Greco, LLP

720 Fifth Avenue

New York, New York 10019

Telephone: (212) 246-3030

Facsimile: (212) 246-2225


APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:  From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") check the following box. [ X ] 

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering under Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [   ]


If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed under Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [   ]


If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed under Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [   ] 


If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made under Rule 434, please check the following box. [   ]





#









CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE



Proposed

Proposed


Maximum

Maximum

Offering Price

Aggregate

Amount of

Securities to be Registered  

Registered

Per Share (1)

Offering Price (1)

Registration Fee


Shares of Common Stock,

10,863,724

$0.80

$8,690,979

$1,023

par value $0.00001 (2)


TOTAL (3)

10,863,724

$0.80

$8,690,979

$1,023




(1)

Estimated solely for the purpose of computing the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933; the closing sale price of our stock on August 10, 2005, as quoted on the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.’s Over the Counter Bulletin Board was $0.80. It is not known how many shares will be purchased under this registration statement or at what price shares will be purchased.


(2)

These shares consist of (i) 863,724 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding issued to Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC and (ii) 10,000,000 shares issuable to Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC in connection with the common stock purchase agreement between Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC and us.


(3)

The selling stockholder offers all of the 10,863,724 shares being registered.  Accordingly, this registration statement includes an indeterminate number of additional shares of common stock assumable for no additional consideration pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of such warrants and by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction effected without the receipt of consideration, which results in an increase in the number of outstanding shares of our common stock. In the event of a stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction involving our common stock, in order to prevent dilution, the number of shares registered shall be automatically increased to cover the additional shares in accordance with Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933.



Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with section 8(a) of the securities act of 1933, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the commission, acting under said section 8(a), may determine.





#









 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

 DATED August 18, 2005.


The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.


PROSPECTUS

PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

 

10,863,724 Shares of Common Stock



This prospectus relates to the sale of up to 10,863,724 shares of our common stock by Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC.

The prices at which Fusion Capital may sell its shares will be determined by the prevailing market price for the shares or in negotiated transactions.  We will not receive proceeds from the sale of our shares by Fusion Capital.

Our common stock is quoted on the NASD’s Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol "PYTO." On August 11, 2005, the closing sale price for our common stock, as reported on Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board, was $0.80 per share.

____________________


Investing in the common stock involves certain risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 5 for a discussion of these risks.

____________________


Fusion Capital is an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

____________________


Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state or provincial securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


____________________


The date of this Prospectus is_____, 2005.




#







 


TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

3

RISK FACTORS

5

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

16

USE OF PROCEEDS

16

MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

17

THE FUSION CAPITAL TRANSACTION

19

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION

24

BUSINESS

31

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

41

MANAGEMENT

41

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

46

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

48

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

49

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

50

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

51

SELLING STOCKHOLDER

52

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

53

DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR

SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES

54

EXPERTS

55

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

55

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F-1

__________________________________

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or any supplement hereto. We have not, and the selling stockholder has not, authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different information you should not rely on it. We are not, and the selling stockholder is not, making an offer to sell the common stock in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of this prospectus regardless of the date of delivery of this prospectus or any supplement hereto, or the sale of common stock.  Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

 

We obtained statistical data and certain other industry forecasts used throughout this prospectus from market research, publicly available information and industry publications. Industry publications generally state that they obtain their information from sources that they believe to be reliable, but they do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the information. Similarly, while we believe that the statistical and industry data and forecasts and market research used herein are reliable, we have not independently verified such data. We have not sought the consent of the sources to refer to their reports or articles in this prospectus.

2











PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This summary contains material information about  the offering and us, which is described in detail elsewhere in the prospectus.  Since it may not include all of the information you may consider important or relevant to your investment decision, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the more detailed information regarding our company, the risks of purchasing our common stock discussed under "Risk Factors" on page 5, and our financial statements and the accompanying notes.


Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,”“our,”“us,” the “ Company” and “Phytomedical” refer to Phytomedical, Inc., a Nevada corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and not to the selling stockholder.


Business


We are a Nevada corporation, with an authorized capital of 300,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.00001 par value per share (of which 169,954,889 is issued and outstanding on July 12, 2005) and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.25 par value per share (none of which are issued and outstanding). We were originally incorporated in the state of Utah in 1986 and, through migratory mergers, changed our domicile first to Delaware in 1996 and then to Nevada in 2001. We have changed our name several times, the most recent being on September 7, 2004, when we changed our name from Enterprise Technologies, Inc. to PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc., to more fully reflect our business.


Our principal executive offices are located at 1628 W. 1st Avenue, Suite 216, Vancouver, British Columbia V6J 1G1.  Our telephone number is 800-611-3388.  The address of our website is www.phytomedical.com.  Information on our website is not part of this prospectus.


We are an early stage research based biopharmaceutical company focused on the identification, acquisition, development and eventual commercialization of plant derived pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds and formulations; currently our research and development efforts are being conducted through two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Phytomedical Technologies Corporation and Polyphenol Technologies Corporation. Our research efforts are targeting cachexia, obesity and diabetes.  


We currently do not have, and may never develop, any commercialized products. We have not generated revenues from our current operations and do not expect to do so for the foreseeable future.  On June 30, 2005, we had a cumulative deficit of $16,923,222.



Diabetes Research


Through a three-way Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, or “CRADA,” with the United States Department of Agriculture’s (“USDA”) Agricultural Research Service and Iowa State University, we are working to synthesize certain insulin enhancing (or mimetic) polyphenolic compounds isolated and characterized from cinnamon bark over a ten year period by a team of USDA’s Agricultural Research Service scientists.  These compounds increase insulin sensitivity by activating key enzymes that stimulate insulin receptors while inhibiting the enzymes that deactivate them.  


The primary objectives of our research are to synthesize the active compounds found in cinnamon and characterize their beneficial health effects in cell cultures systems, animals and ultimately humans.  Once the active compounds have been synthesized, characterized and tested, we intend to apply for patents for the synthesis and use of synthetic compounds as nutrient supplements or additives for foods and beverages. Our goal is to develop a pharmacologically approved product based on such compounds that could be either ingested as a pill or added to food and drink products.

3


Cachexia and Obesity Research


Pursuant to a license agreement with New York University, we are also working to isolate and identify potentially active pharmacological elements found in an extract of the muira puama plant, which we refer to as BDC-03, that we believe are responsible for reducing body fat percentage, increasing lean muscle mass and lowering cholesterol in a study of growing animals.  Contingent on the discovery of this compound, we will plan future studies to determine the effects of BDC-03 in human cachetic subjects.  Once the final structure of the compounds affecting body mass has been determined, our goal is to synthesize the compound and file patent applications as we may deem appropriate covering such compounds.


The Offering

 

On July 8, 2005, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC, pursuant to which Fusion Capital has agreed, under certain conditions, to purchase on each trading day $20,000 of our common stock up to an aggregate of  $10.0 million over a 25 month period, subject to earlier termination at our discretion.  In our discretion, we may elect to sell more of our common stock to Fusion Capital than the minimum daily amount.  The purchase price of the shares of common stock will be equal to a price based upon the future market price of the common stock without any fixed discount to the market price.  Fusion Capital does not have the right or the obligation to purchase shares of our common stock in the event that the price of our common stock is less than $0.40.


Fusion Capital is offering for sale up to 10,863,724 shares of our common stock.


In connection with our entering into the common stock purchase agreement, we authorized the sale to Fusion Capital of up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock for maximum proceeds of $10.0 million.  Assuming Fusion Capital purchases all $10.0 million of common stock, we estimate that the maximum number of shares we will sell to Fusion Capital under the common stock purchase agreement will be 10,000,000 shares (exclusive of the 863,724 shares issued to Fusion Capital as the commitment fee).  Subject to approval by our board of directors, we have the right but not the obligation to sell more than 10,000,000 shares to Fusion Capital.  In the event we elect to sell more than the 10,000,000 shares, we will be required to file a new registration statement and have it declared effective by the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission.  The number of shares ultimately offered for sale by Fusion Capital is dependent upon the number of shares purchased by Fusion Capital under the common stock purchase agreement.  


As of July 12, 2005, there were 169,954,889 shares outstanding, including the 863,724 shares that we have issued to Fusion Capital as compensation for its purchase commitment, but excluding the 10,000,000 shares offered by Fusion Capital pursuant to this prospectus which it has not yet purchased from us.  If all of shares offered by this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, the number of shares offered by this prospectus would represent approximately 5.6% of the total common stock outstanding as of July 12, 2005.

4










RISK FACTORS


You should carefully consider the risks described below before purchasing our shares of our common stock.  Our most significant risks and uncertainties are described below; however, they are not the only risks we face.  If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, or results or operations could be materially adversely affected, the trading of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment therein.  You should acquire shares of our common stock only if you can afford to lose your entire investment.



RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OUR BUSINESS


We Have Experienced Significant Losses And Expect Losses To Continue For The Foreseeable Future.


We have yet to establish any history of profitable operations.  We have incurred annual operating losses of $686,495 and $289,495, respectively, during the past two fiscal years of operation.  As a result, at December 31, 2004, we had an accumulated deficit of $14,795,044.  We had no revenues during the last three fiscal years and we do not expect to generate revenues from our operations for the foreseeable future.. Our profitability will require the successful commercialization of products, if any, derived from our   ongoing research and development efforts.  No assurances can be given when this will occur or that we will ever be profitable.


We Currently Do Not Have, And May Never Develop, Any Commercialized Products.


We currently do not have any commercialized products or any significant source of revenue. We have invested substantially all of our time and resources over the last three years in the identification, research and development of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical technologies. The technologies, which are the subject of our ongoing research programs, will require additional research, development, clinical evaluation, regulatory approval, significant marketing efforts and substantial additional investment before they can provide us with any revenue. Our efforts may not lead to commercially successful products for a number of reasons, including:

-  we may not be able to obtain regulatory approvals or the approved indication may be narrower than we seek;

-  our technologies or products, if any, derived from our research and development efforts may not prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials;

-  physicians may not receive any reimbursement from third-party payors, or the level of reimbursement may be insufficient to support widespread adoption of any products derived from our research and development efforts;

-  any products that may be approved may not be accepted in the marketplace by physicians or patients;

-  we may not have adequate financial or other resources to complete the development and commercialization of products derived from our research and development efforts;

-  we may not be able to manufacture our products in commercial quantities or at an acceptable cost; and

-  rapid technological change may make our technologies and products derived from those technologies obsolete.

5


We Will Require Additional Financing To Sustain Our Operations And Without It We Will Not Be Able To Continue Operations.


Our independent auditors have added an explanatory paragraph to their audit opinion issued in connection with the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2004, relative to our ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to obtain additional funding will determine our ability to continue as a going concern. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.


At June 30, 2005, we had a working capital deficit of $1,631,527. We have an operating cash flow deficit of $1,442,033 for the six months ended June 30, 2005, and have sustained operating cash flow deficits of $675,884 in 2004 and $41,058 in 2003.  Although we believe that we have sufficient financial resources and commitments to sustain our current level of research and development activities through the end of 2005, any expansion, acceleration or continuation of such activities (beyond 2005) will require additional capital which may not be available to us, if at all, on terms and conditions that we find acceptable.


We only have the right to receive $20,000 per trading day under the agreement with Fusion Capital unless our stock price equals or exceeds $1.20, in which case the daily amount may be increased under certain conditions as the price of our common stock increases.  Fusion Capital shall not have the right nor the obligation to purchase any shares of our common stock on any trading days that the market price of our common stock is less than $0.40.  Since we initially registered 10,000,000 shares for sale by Fusion Capital pursuant to this prospectus, the selling price of our common stock to Fusion Capital will have to average at least $1.00 per share for us to receive the maximum proceeds of $10.0 million without registering additional shares of common stock.  Assuming a purchase price of $0.80 per share (the closing sale price of the common stock on August 11, 2005 and the purchase by Fusion Capital of the full 10,000,000 shares under the common stock purchase agreement, proceeds to us would only be $8,000, 000 unless we choose to register more than 10,000,000 shares, which we have the right, but not the obligation, to do.  Subject to approval by our board of directors, we have the right but not the obligation to issue more than 10,000,000 shares to Fusion Capital.  In the event we elect to issue more than 10,000,000 shares offered hereby, we will be required to file a new registration statement and have it declared effective by the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission.


Specifically, Fusion Capital does not have the right or the obligation to purchase any shares of our common stock on any trading days that the market price of our common stock is less than $0.40.  If obtaining sufficient financing from Fusion Capital were to prove unavailable or prohibitively dilutive and if we are unable to develop and commercialize any products as a result of our research and development program, we will need to secure another source of funding in order to satisfy our working capital needs. Even if we are able to access the full $10.0 million under the common stock purchase agreement with Fusion Capital, we may still need additional capital to fully implement our business, operating and development plans. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences would be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

6


The extent we rely on Fusion Capital as a source of funding will depend on a number of factors including, the prevailing market price of our common stock and the extent to which we are able to secure working capital from other sources, including other debt and equity financings.  


The Success Of Our Research And Development Program Is Uncertain And We Expect To Be Engaged In Research And Development Efforts For A Considerable Period Of Time Before We Will Be In A Position, If Ever, To Develop And Commercialize Products Derived From Our Research Program.

 

We intend to continue with our research and development programs through at least 2007.  There is no assurance that such activities will ultimately lead to development of commercially viable technologies or potential products derived from such technologies. Research and development activities, by their nature, preclude definitive statements as to the time required and costs involved in reaching certain objectives. Actual costs may exceed the amounts we have budgeted and actual time may exceed our expectations.  If our research and development requires more funding than we anticipate, then we may have to reduce technological development efforts or seek additional financing. There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure any necessary additional financing or that such financing would be available to us on favorable terms. Additional financings could result in substantial dilution to existing stockholders. There is no assurance that, even upon completion of our research program, we will ever be able to commercialize products, if any, derived from our research efforts or that we will be able to generate any revenues from operations.  


Our Research And Development Program Is In The Preliminary Development Stage And The Results We Attain May Not Prove To Be Adequate For Purposes of Developing and Commercializing Any Products Or Otherwise To Support A Profitable Business Venture.

 

Our research and development program is the preliminary development stage.  Our research program is targeting technologies that increase the efficiency of insulin and improve body mass. We will require significant further research, development, testing and regulatory approvals and significant additional investment before we will be in a position to attempt to commercialize products derived from our research and development program.


There can be no assurances that our early stage research will be successful. The ultimate results of our ongoing research program may demonstrate that the technologies being researched by us, both with respect to treatment that enhance the efficiency of insulin and improve body mass may be ineffective, unsafe or unlikely to receive necessary regulatory approvals. If such results are obtained, we will be unable to create marketable products or generate revenues and we may have to cease operations.


We have not submitted any products or any technologies that are the subject of, or result from, our research and development activities for regulatory approval or clearances. Even if our research is successful, the process of obtaining necessary U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approvals or clearances can take years and is expensive and full of uncertainties. Additionally, approved products are subject to continuing FDA requirements relating to quality control and quality assurance, maintenance of records, reporting of adverse events and product recalls, documentation, labeling and promotion of medical products.  Compliance with such regulations may prove to be costly and may limit our ability to attain profitable operations.

7


We May Not Be Granted An Exclusive License Under Our CRADA With The USDA’s Agricultural Research Service.   


We are a party to a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, or “CRADA,” with the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service and Iowa State University which grants us an option to negotiate an exclusive license to any invention or other intellectual property conceived or reduced to practice under the Agreement which is patentable or otherwise protectable under Title 35 of the United States Code or under the patent laws of a foreign country. There can be no assurance that such a license will be granted to us or that we can obtain a license on terms favorable to us.  If we do not obtain an exclusive license, our ability to generate revenue would be materially diminished.


We will seek to enter into additional research agreements and licenses in the future that relate to important technologies that may be necessary for the development and commercialization of related and unrelated products. These agreements and licenses may impose various commercialization, indemnification, royalty, insurance and other obligations on us, which, if we fail to comply may result in the termination of these agreements and licenses or make the agreements and licenses non-exclusive, which could affect our ability to exploit important technologies that are required for successful development of products, if any, derived from our ongoing research and development programs.


Our CRADA With The USDA’s Agricultural Research Service And Iowa State University May Be Terminated By Any Party At Any Time By Giving Written Notice Of Not Less Than Sixty Calendar Days Prior To The Desired Termination Date.

Our current research and development program is based in part upon our CRADA with the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service and Iowa State University.  The CRADA provides that any party may  unilaterally terminate participation in the CRADA as a whole at any time by giving the other parties  written notice of not less than sixty calendar days prior to the desired termination date.  The remaining parties may determine to continue participation. This means that the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service or Iowa State University could terminate the CRADA even if we are not in default under the terms of the CRADA.  If the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service or Iowa State University were to do so, our business and future prospects would be materially adversely affected.


We Will Not Directly Conduct Any Of Our Research And Development Activities And Therefore We Will Have Minimal Control Over Such Research.


We will rely primarily on the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State University, and third party contract research organizations, to conduct, monitor and assess our research.  We will have no control over the specifics of, and possible direction that the research may take.  Accordingly, there can be no assurance that such organizations will conduct our research in a manner that will lead to the commercialization of any products.


We are also dependent upon the services of certain key collaborating scientific personnel who are not employed by us, including the principal investigators with respect to our ongoing research related to diabetes and cachexia.  The loss of these investigator's services could have a materially adverse effect on us, unless qualified replacements could be found. We have no control over whether our principal investigators or other scientific personnel will choose to remain involved with our projects. Since these individuals are not bound by contract to us nor employed by us directly, they might move on to other research.

8


We Are Subject To Substantial Government Regulation Which Could Materially Adversely Affect Our Business.


We have yet to develop any products for submission for regulatory approval. Any such products submitted for approval must undergo rigorous preclinical and clinical testing and an extensive regulatory approval process before they can be marketed. This process makes it longer, harder and more costly to bring any products to market; and, we cannot guarantee that approval will be granted. The pre-marketing approval process can be particularly expensive, uncertain and lengthy. A number of products for which FDA approval has been sought by other companies have never been approved for marketing. In addition to testing and approval procedures, extensive regulations also govern marketing, manufacturing, distribution, labeling and record-keeping procedures. If we do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, such violations could result in warning letters, non-approval, suspensions of regulatory approvals, civil penalties and criminal fines, product seizures and recalls, operating restrictions, injunctions and criminal prosecution.

 

Delays in or rejection of FDA or other government entity approval may also adversely affect our business. Such delays or rejection may be encountered due to, among other reasons, government or regulatory delays, lack of efficacy during clinical trials, unforeseen safety issues, slower than expected rate of patient recruitment for clinical trials, inability to follow patients after treatment in clinical trials, inconsistencies between early clinical trial results and results obtained in later clinical trials, varying interpretations of data generated by clinical trials, or changes in regulatory policy during the period of product development in the United States. In the United States more stringent FDA oversight in product clearance and enforcement activities could result in our experiencing longer approval cycles, more uncertainty, greater risk and significantly higher expenses. Even if regulatory approval is granted, this approval may entail limitations on uses for which any such product may be labeled and promoted. It is possible, for example, that we may not receive FDA approval to market any products, based on our research and development program for broader or different applications or to market updated products that represent extensions of any such products.  In addition, we may not receive FDA approval to export products in the future, and countries to which products are to be exported may not approve them for import.

 

 

Any manufacturing facilities would also be subject to continual review and inspection. The FDA has stated publicly that compliance with manufacturing regulations will be scrutinized more strictly. A governmental authority may challenge our compliance with applicable federal, state and foreign regulations. In addition, any discovery of previously unknown problems with any of our research and development efforts or products, if any, derived from such research and development, or facilities may result in marketing, sales and manufacturing restrictions, being imposed, as well as possible enforcement actions.

9


From time to time, legislative or regulatory proposals are introduced that could alter the review and approval process relating to our research and development programs and products, if any, derived from such research.  It is possible that the FDA will issue additional regulations further restricting the sale of products based on our underlying research and development activities. Any change in legislation or regulations that govern the review and approval process relating to our future products, if any, could make it more difficult and costly to obtain approval, or to produce, market, and distribute such products even if approved. 


We May Be Required To Comply With Rules Regarding Animal Testing Which May Limit the Success of Our Research And Development Program.


Our research and development efforts involve laboratory animals. We may be adversely affected by changes in laws, regulations or accepted procedures applicable to animal testing or by social pressures that would restrict the use of animals in testing or by actions against our collaborators or us by groups or individuals opposed to such testing.


We May Be Liable For Contamination Or Other Harm Caused By Materials That We Handle And Changes In Environmental Regulations Could Cause Us To Incur Additional Expense.


Our research and development programs do not generally involve the handling of potentially harmful biological materials or hazardous materials, but they may occasionally do so. We, the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service and Iowa State University are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous and biological materials. If violations of environmental, health and safety laws occur, we could be held liable for damages, penalties and costs of remedial actions. These expenses or this liability could have a significant negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may violate environmental, health and safety laws in the future as a result of human error, equipment failure or other causes. Environmental laws could become more stringent over time, imposing greater compliance costs and increasing risks and penalties associated with violations. We may be subject to potentially conflicting and changing regulatory agendas of political, business and environmental groups. Changes to or restrictions on permitting requirements or processes, hazardous or biological material storage or handling might require an unplanned capital investment or relocation. Failure to comply with new or existing laws or regulations could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.


Even If We Were To Obtain Regulatory Approval In The Future For Any Products Derived From Our Ongoing Research Efforts, We Currently Lack Sales and Marketing Experience and Will Need To Rely On Third Parties For Such Services.


Our ability to achieve profitability is dependent in part on ultimately obtaining regulatory approvals for products, if any, that are derived from our research and development efforts and then entering into agreements for the commercialization of any such products. There can be no assurance that such regulatory approvals will be obtained or such agreements will be entered into. The failure to obtain any such necessary regulatory approvals or to enter into any such necessary agreements could delay or prevent us from achieving profitability and would have a material adverse effect on the business, financial position and results of our operations. Further, there can be no assurance that our operations will become profitable even if products, if any, that are derived from our research and development efforts, are commercialized.

10


If FDA and other approvals are eventually obtained with respect to any products derived from our research and development efforts and submitted for approval, we expect to market and sell such products through distribution, co-marketing, co-promotion or sublicensing arrangements with third parties.  We have no experience in sales, marketing or distribution of pharmaceutical or nutraceutical products and our current management and staff is not trained in these areas.  To the extent that we enter into distribution, co-marketing, co-promotion or sublicensing arrangements for the marketing and sale of any such products, any revenues received by us will be dependent on the efforts of third parties.  If any of such parties were to breach or terminate their agreement with us or otherwise fail to conduct marketing activities successfully and in a timely manner, the commercialization of any products derived from our research and development efforts would be delayed or terminated.


We May Not Be Able To Attract And Retain Qualified Personnel Either As Employees Or As Consultants And, Without Such Personnel We May Not Be Successful In The Commercialization Of The Results Of Our Ongoing Research And Development Efforts.


Competition for qualified employees among companies in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries is intense. Our future success depends upon our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled employees. Our present management has no clinical or other experience in the development of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. Attracting desirable employees will require us to offer competitive compensation packages, including stock options. In order to successfully complete our research and development efforts and to commercialize the results of such efforts or the products, if any, derived from our research and development program, we must substantially expand our personnel, particularly in the areas of clinical trial management, regulatory affairs, business development and marketing. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in hiring or retaining qualified personnel. Managing the integration of new personnel and our growth generally could pose significant risks to our development and progress. The addition of such personnel may result in significant changes in our utilization of cash resources and our development schedule.


We Expect To Operate In A Highly Competitive Market; We May Face Competition From Large, Well-Established Companies With Significant Resources, And Against Which We May Not Be Able To Compete Effectively.

 

Our commercial success will depend on our ability and the ability of our sublicensees, if any, to compete effectively in product development areas such as, but not limited to, safety, efficacy, ease of use, patient or customer compliance, price, marketing and distribution. There can be no assurance that competitors will not succeed in developing products that are more effective than any products derived from our research and development efforts or that would render such products obsolete and non-competitive.


The pharmaceutical and nutraceutical  industries are characterized by intense competition, rapid product development and technological change. Most of the competition that we encounter will come from companies, research institutions and universities who are researching and developing technologies and products similar to or competitive with any we may develop.

11


These companies may enjoy numerous competitive advantages, including:


-  significantly greater name recognition;

-  established relations with healthcare professionals, customers and third-party payors;

-  established distribution networks;

-  additional lines of products, and the ability to offer rebates, higher discounts or incentives to gain a competitive advantage;

-  greater experience in conducting research and development, manufacturing, clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approval for products, and marketing approved products; and

-  greater financial and human resources for product development, sales and marketing, and patent litigation.


As a result, we may not be able to compete effectively against these companies or their products.


We May Become Subject To Claims Of Infringement Or Misappropriation Of The Intellectual Property Rights Of Others, Which Could Prohibit Us From Commercializing Products Based On Our Research And Development Program, Require Us To Obtain Licenses From Third Parties Or To Develop Non-Infringing Alternatives, And Subject Us To Substantial Monetary Damages And Injunctive Relief.


We do not have any patents regarding any of our research and development activities. We may not be able to assert any rights, under our CRADA, to any patents held by the USDA’s Agriculture Research Service. Third parties could, in the future, assert infringement or misappropriation claims against us with respect to our current research and development program or future products, if any, derived from our research and development program. Whether a product infringes a patent involves complex legal and factual issues, the determination of which is often uncertain. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we have not infringed the intellectual property rights of such third parties.


Any infringement or misappropriation claim could cause us to incur significant costs, could place significant strain on our financial resources, divert management’s attention from our business and harm our reputation. If the relevant patents were upheld as valid and enforceable and we were found to infringe, we could be prohibited from continuing our research and development activities and from marketing or selling products, if any, derived from our research efforts unless we could obtain licenses to use the technology covered by the patent or are able to design around the patent. We may be unable to obtain a license on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and we may not be able to commercialize any products. A court could also order us to pay compensatory damages for such infringement, plus prejudgment interest and could, in addition, treble the compensatory damages and award attorney fees. These damages could be substantial and could harm our reputation, business, financial condition and operating results. Depending on the nature of the relief ordered by the court, we could become liable for additional damages to third parties.


Failure To Obtain Third Party Reimbursement For Products, If Any, Derived From Our Research And Development Efforts Could Limit Our Potential Revenue.

 

In the United States, success in obtaining payment for a new product from third parties, such as insurers, depends greatly on the ability to present data which demonstrates positive outcomes and reduced utilization of other products or services, as well as cost data which shows that treatment costs using the new product are equal to or less than what is currently covered for other products. If we are unable to obtain favorable third party reimbursement and patients are unwilling or unable to pay for such products or services out-of-pocket, it could limit our revenue and harm our business.

12


Mr. Harmel S. Rayat, Our President, Chief Executive and Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer, And  Director, Is Able To Substantially Influence All Matters Requiring Approval By Our Stockholders, Including The Election Of Directors.


As of July 12, 2005, Mr. Harmel S. Rayat, beneficially owned approximately 76% of our outstanding common stock. Even if all of the shares offered hereby are sold, Mr. Rayat would still own approximately 72% of our then issued and outstanding shares of our common stock. Accordingly, he will be able to substantially influence all matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors. Our Articles of Incorporation do not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors and, therefore, although they are able to vote, our other stockholders should not expect to be able to elect any directors to our board of directors.


We Rely On Management, The Loss Of Whose Services Could Have A Material Adverse Effect On Our Business.


We rely upon the services of our board of directors and management, and, in particular, Harmel S. Rayat, the loss of which could have a material adverse affect on our business and prospects.  Competition for qualified personnel to serve in a senior management position is intense.  If we are not able to retain our directors and management, or attract other qualified personnel, we may not be able to fully implement our business strategy; failure to do so would have a materially adverse impact on our future prospects. We currently have no employment agreements with any of our officers and directors imposing any specific condition on our officers and directors regarding their continued employment by us.


Our officers and directors are also officers, directors and employees of other companies, and we may have to compete with such other companies for their time, attention and efforts.  Except for Mr. Rayat, none of our officers and directors is expected to spend more than approximately five (5%) of his time on our business affairs. Mr. Rayat will not be spending his full time and effort on our business affairs because he is engaged in other business activities.  If the demands of Mr. Rayat’s other business activities, from time to time, require more of Mr. Rayat’s time, he may have less time to spend on our business affairs and our operations could suffer as a result.  We do not expect Mr. Rayat to spend more than twenty (20%) of his time on our business affairs.  We do not maintain key man insurance on any of our directors or officers.


We May Compete For The Time And Efforts Of Our Officers And Directors.


Harmel S. Rayat who serves as our president, chief executive and financial officer and principal accounting officer, as well as one of our directors, also serves in comparable capacities with other companies, including Hepalife Technologies, Inc., a development stage research based biotechnology company. Accordingly, we will be competing for his time and services with such companies. It is possible that due to our directors’ conflicting interests, we may be precluded from participating in certain projects that we might otherwise have participated in, or we may obtain less favorable terms on certain projects than we might have obtained if our directors were not also the directors of other participating biotechnology companies.  In their effort to balance their conflicting interests, our directors may approve terms that are equally favorable to all of their companies as opposed to negotiating terms that may be more favorable to us but adverse to their other companies.  Additionally, it is possible that we may not be afforded certain opportunities to participate in particular projects because such projects are assigned to our directors’ other companies for which the directors may deem the projects to have a greater benefit.

13


RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OFFERING

 

The Sale Of Our Common Stock To Fusion Capital May Cause Dilution And The Sale Of The Shares Of Common Stock Acquired By Fusion Capital Could Cause The Price Of Our Common Stock To Decline.

 

The sale of shares pursuant to our agreement with Fusion Capital or any other future equity financing transaction will have a dilutive impact on our stockholders. As a result, our net income or loss per share could decrease in future periods, and the market price of our common stock could decline. In addition, the lower our stock price is, the more shares of common stock we will have to issue under the common stock purchase agreement with Fusion Capital in order to draw down the full amount. If our stock price were lower, then our existing stockholders would experience greater dilution. We cannot predict the actual number of shares of common stock that will be issued pursuant to the agreement with Fusion Capital or any other future equity financing transaction, in part, because the purchase price of the shares will fluctuate based on prevailing market conditions and we do not know the exact amount of funds we will need.


The purchase price for the common stock to be sold to Fusion Capital pursuant to the common stock purchase agreement will fluctuate based on the price of our common stock. All shares in this offering are freely tradable. Fusion Capital may sell none, some or all of the shares of common stock purchased from us at any time. We expect that the shares offered by this prospectus will be sold over a period of up to 25 months from the date of this prospectus. Depending upon market liquidity at the time, a sale of shares under this offering at any given time could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. The sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock under this offering, or anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales.


Future Sales Of Our Common Stock May Decrease Our Stock Price.

 

We have previously issued a substantial number of shares of common stock, which are eligible for resale under Rule 144 of the Securities Act. In addition, we have also registered a substantial number of shares of common stock that are assumable upon the exercise of options. If holders of options or warrants choose to exercise their purchase rights and sell shares of common stock in the public market or if the selling stockholders whose shares are being registered pursuant to this prospectus sell or attempt to publicly sell such shares all at once or in a short time period, the prevailing market price for our common stock may decline. Future sales of shares of common stock may adversely affect the market price of our common stock or our future ability to raise capital by offering equity securities.


Our Stock Price Historically Has Been And May Continue To Be Highly Volatile.

 

The market price of our common stock has been and is expected to continue to be highly volatile. Factors, many of which are beyond our control, include, in addition to other risk factors described in this section, the announcements of technological innovations by us or other companies, regulatory matters, new or existing products or procedures, concerns about our financial position, operating results, litigation, government regulation, developments or disputes relating to agreements, patents or proprietary rights, and general economic, industry and market conditions may have a significant impact on the market price of our stock. In addition, potential dilutive effects of future sales of shares of common stock by our stockholders and by us, including Fusion Capital pursuant to this prospectus and subsequent sale of common stock by the holders of warrants and options could have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares.

14


Volatility in the market price for particular companies has often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market factors may seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In addition, securities class action litigation has often been initiated following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities. A securities class action suit against us could result in substantial costs, potential liabilities, and the diversion of management's attention and resources. To the extent our stock price fluctuates and/or remains low, it could cause you to lose some or all of your investment and impair our ability to raise capital through the offering of additional equity securities.


Our Common Stock Is A Penny Stock And Because "Penny Stock” Rules Will Apply, You May Find It Difficult To Sell The Shares Of Our Common Stock You Acquired In This Offering.


Our common stock is a “penny stock” as that term is defined under Rule 3a51-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Generally, a "penny stock" is a common stock that is not listed on a national securities exchange and trades for less than $5.00 a share. Prices often are not available to buyers and sellers and the market may be very limited. Penny stocks in start-up companies are among the riskiest equity investments. Broker-dealers who sell penny stocks must provide purchasers of these stocks with a standardized risk-disclosure document prepared by the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission. The document provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks involved in investing in the penny stock market. A broker must also give a purchaser, orally or in writing, bid and offer quotations and information regarding broker and salesperson compensation, make a written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser, and obtain the purchaser's written agreement to the purchase. Many brokers choose not to participate in penny stock transactions. Because of the penny stock rules, there is less trading activity in penny stock and you are likely to have difficulty selling your shares.


We Do Not Intend To Pay Dividends For The Foreseeable Future.


We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to support the development and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors, including but not limited to our financial condition, operating results, cash needs, growth plans and the terms of any credit agreements that we may be a party to at the time. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase the shares offered by us pursuant to this prospectus.

15











FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  Such forward-looking statements include statements regarding, among other things, (a) our projected sales and profitability, (b) our growth strategies, (c) anticipated trends in our industry, (d) our future financing plans, and (e) our anticipated needs for working capital.  Forward-looking statements, which involve assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies, and expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “intend,” or “project” or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology.  This information may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from the future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements.  These statements may be found under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business,” as well as in this prospectus generally.  Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, without limitation, the risks outlined under “Risk Factors” and matters described in this prospectus generally.  In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements contained in this filing will in fact occur.  In addition to the information expressly required to be included in this filing, we will provide such further material information, if any, as may be necessary to make the required statements, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading.



USE OF PROCEEDS

 

This prospectus relates to shares of our common stock that may be offered and sold from time to time by the selling stockholder.  We will receive no proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock in this offering.  However, we may receive up to $10.0 million in proceeds from the sale of our common stock to Fusion Capital under the common stock purchase agreement.  Any proceeds from Fusion Capital we receive under the common stock purchase agreement, will be used for working capital, debt repayment and general corporate purposes.

16












MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS


Our common stock is quoted for trading on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol "PYTO."  The quotations shown reflect inter-dealer prices, without mark-up markdown or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices for the periods indicated:


 2005

High

     

Low


July 1 through July 31, 2005

$1.06

$0.87

Second Quarter 2005

$1.46

$0.89

First Quarter 2005

$1.24

$0.85


2004


Fourth Quarter 2004

$1.50

$0.46

Third Quarter 2004

$0.69

$0.38

Second Quarter 2004

$0.45

$0.36

First Quarter 2004

$0.55

$0.34


2003


Fourth Quarter 2003

$0.58

$0.25

Third Quarter 2003

$0.49

$0.04

Second Quarter 2003

$0.06

$0.01

First Quarter 2003

$0.03

$0.02


On August 11, 2005, the closing price of our common stock as reported on the over the counter bulletin board was $0.80.  As of July 12, 2005, we had 295 stockholders of record.


Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans



We have reserved an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance pursuant to our 2001 Stock Option Plan. The following table represents the number of shares issuable upon exercise and reserved for future issuance under this plan as of June 30, 2005.

17



Number of securities

remaining available for

Number of Securities to be

Weighted-average exercise

future issuance under

issued upon exercise of

price of outstanding

equity compensation plans

outstanding options,

options, warrants and

(excluding securities

warrants and rights

rights

reflected in column (a))

Plan Category

(a)

(b)

(c)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Equity compensation plans

approved by security holders

8,625,000

$0.70

1,200,000



Outstanding Warrants

14,285,714

$0.007 (1)

N/A



Equity compensation plans not

approved by security holders


____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Total

22,910,714

$0.27

1,200,000



(1) Represents outstanding warrants issued in connection with a financing completed by the Company on September 20, 2002.



Dividend Policy


We have never paid cash dividends on our capital stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future, but intend to retain our capital resources for reinvestment in our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors as the board of directors deems relevant. Our board of directors has the right to authorize the issuance of preferred stock, without further stockholder approval, the holders of which may have preferences over the holders of the common stock as to payment of dividends.

18













THE FUSION CAPITAL TRANSACTION

 

General


On July 8, 2005, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC, pursuant to which Fusion Capital has agreed, under certain conditions, to purchase on each trading day $20,000 of our common stock up to an aggregate of $10.0 million over a 25 month period subject to earlier termination at our discretion.  In our discretion, we may elect to sell more of our common stock to Fusion Capital than the minimum daily amount.  The purchase price of the shares of common stock will be equal to a price based upon the future market price of the common stock without any fixed discount to the market price.  Fusion Capital does not have the right or the obligation to purchase shares of our common stock in the event that the price of our common stock is less than $0.40.


Fusion Capital, the selling stockholder under this prospectus, is offering for sale up to 10,863,724 shares of our common stock.  In connection with entering into the agreement, we authorized the sale to Fusion Capital of up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock for maximum proceeds of $10.0 million.  Assuming Fusion Capital purchases all $10.0 million of common stock, we estimate that the maximum number of shares we will sell to Fusion Capital under the common stock purchase agreement will be 10,000,000 shares (exclusive of the 863,724 shares issued to Fusion Capital as the commitment fee).  Subject to approval by our board of directors, we have the right but not the obligation to issue more than 10,000,000 shares to Fusion Capital.  In the event we elect to issue more than 10,000,000 shares offered hereby, we will be required to file a new registration statement and have it declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.  The number of shares ultimately offered for sale by Fusion Capital is dependent upon the number of shares purchased by Fusion Capital under the common stock purchase agreement.  

Purchase of Shares under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement


Under the common stock purchase agreement, on each trading day Fusion Capital is obligated to purchase a specified dollar amount of our common stock.  Subject to our right to suspend such purchases at any time, and our right to terminate the agreement with Fusion Capital at any time, each as described below, Fusion Capital shall purchase on each trading day during the term of the agreement $20,000 of our common stock.  We may decrease this daily purchase amount at any time.  We also have the right to increase the daily purchase amount at any time, provided however; we may not increase the daily purchase amount above $20,000 unless our stock price is above $1.20 per share for five consecutive trading days.  The purchase price per share is equal to the lesser of:


the lowest sale price of our common stock on the purchase date; or


the average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices of our common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive trading days prior to the date of a purchase by Fusion Capital.

19


The purchase price will be adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the trading days in which the closing bid price is used to compute the purchase price. Fusion Capital may not purchase shares of our common stock under the common stock purchase agreement if Fusion Capital, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.9% of our common stock outstanding at the time of the purchase by Fusion Capital.  Fusion Capital has the right at any time to sell any shares purchased under the common stock purchase agreement, which would allow it to avoid the 9.9% limitation. Therefore, we do not believe that Fusion Capital will ever reach the 9.9% limitation.


The following table sets forth the amount of proceeds we would receive from Fusion Capital from the sale of shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus at varying purchase prices:


Assumed Average
Purchase Price

Number of Shares to be

Issued if Full Purchase

Percentage of Outstanding After Giving Effect to the Issuance to

Fusion Capital (1)

Proceeds from the Sale of 10,000,000 Shares to Fusion Capital Under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement

$0.40

10,000,000

5.6%

$4,000,000

$0.70

10,000,000

5.6%

7,000,000

$0.80 (2)

10,000,000

5.6%

$8,000, 000

$1.00

10,000,000

5.6%

$10,000,000

$1.50

  6,666,667

3.8%

$10,000,000

$2.00

  5,000,000

2.9%

$10,000,000

$5.00

  2,000,000

1.2%

$10,000,000



(1)

Based on 169,954,889 shares outstanding as of July 12, 2005.  This amount includes the issuance of 863,724 shares of common stock issuable to Fusion Capital as a commitment fee and the number of shares issuable at the corresponding assumed purchase price set forth in the adjacent column.


(2)

Closing sale price of our common stock on August 11, 2005.


In connection with entering into the agreement, we authorized the sale to Fusion Capital of up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock.  We estimate that we will sell no more than 10,000,000 shares to Fusion Capital under the common stock purchase agreement (exclusive of the 863,724 shares issued to Fusion Capital as the commitment fee), all of which are included in this offering.  We have the right to terminate the agreement without any payment or liability to Fusion Capital at any time, including in the event that all 10,000,000 shares are sold to Fusion Capital under the common stock purchase agreement.  Subject to approval by our board of directors, we have the right but not the obligation to sell more than 10,000,000 shares to Fusion Capital.  In the event we elect to sell more than the 10,000,000 shares offered hereby, we will be required to file a new registration statement and have it declared effective by the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission.  

20


Minimum Purchase Price


Fusion Capital shall not have the right or the obligation to purchase any shares of our common stock in the event that the purchase price would be less the floor price. Specifically, Fusion Capital shall not have the right or the obligation to purchase shares of our common stock on any trading day that the market price of our common stock is below $0.40.

Our Right To Suspend Purchases


We have the unconditional right to suspend purchases at any time for any reason effective upon one trading day’s notice.  Any suspension would remain in effect until our revocation of the suspension. To the extent we need to use the cash proceeds of the sales of common stock under the common stock purchase agreement for working capital or other business purposes, we do not intend to restrict purchases under the common stock purchase agreement.

Our Right To Increase and Decrease the Amount to be Purchased


Under the common stock purchase agreement Fusion Capital has agreed to purchase on each trading day during the 25 month term of the agreement, $20,000 of our common stock or an aggregate of $20.0 million. We have the unconditional right to decrease the daily amount to be purchased by Fusion Capital at any time for any reason effective upon one trading day’s notice.  


In our discretion, we may elect to sell more of our common stock to Fusion Capital than the minimum daily amount.  First, in respect of the daily purchase amount, we have the right to increase the daily purchase amount as the market price of our common stock increases.  Specifically, for every $0.20 increase in Threshold Price above $1.00, the Company shall have the right to increase the daily purchase amount by up to an additional $2,000.  For example, if the Threshold Price is $2.00 we would have the right to increase the daily purchase amount to up to an aggregate of $30,000. The "Threshold Price" is the lowest sale price of our common stock during the five trading days immediately preceding our notice to Fusion Capital to increase the daily purchase amount.  If at any time during any trading day the sale price of our common stock is below the Threshold Price, the applicable increase in the daily purchase amount will be void.  


In addition to the daily purchase amount, we may elect to require Fusion Capital to purchase on any single trading day our shares in an amount up to $250,000, provided that our share price is above $1.50 during the ten trading days prior thereto.  The price at which such shares would be purchased will be the lowest Purchase Price (as defined above) during the previous fifteen (15) trading days prior to the date that such purchase notice was received by Fusion Capital.  We may increase this amount to $500,000 if our share price is above $3.00 during the ten trading days prior to our delivery of the purchase notice to Fusion Capital.  We may deliver multiple purchase notices; however at least ten (10) trading days must have passed since the most recent non-daily purchase was completed.  The daily purchases shall be suspended for ten (10) trading days each time any such notice is delivered.

Events of Default


Generally, Fusion Capital may terminate the common stock purchase agreement without any liability or payment to the Company upon the occurrence of any of the following events of default:

21


the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part of lapses for any reason (including, without limitation, the issuance of a stop order) or is unavailable to Fusion Capital for sale of our common stock offered hereby and such lapse or unavailability continues for a period of five (5) consecutive trading days or for more than an aggregate of twenty (20) trading days in any 365-day period;


suspension by our principal market of our common stock from trading for a period of three consecutive trading days;


the de-listing of our common stock from our principal market provided our common stock is not immediately thereafter trading on the NASDAQ National Market, the NASDAQ National Small Cap Market, the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange;


 the transfer agent‘s failure for five trading days to issue to Fusion Capital shares of our common stock which Fusion Capital is entitled to under the common stock purchase agreement;


any material breach of the representations or warranties or covenants contained in the common stock purchase agreement or any related agreements which has or which could have a material adverse affect on us subject to a cure period of ten trading days;


any participation or threatened participation in insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings by or against us; or


a material adverse change in our business.

Our Termination Rights


We have the unconditional right at any time for any reason to give notice to Fusion Capital terminating the common stock purchase agreement.  Such notice shall be effective one trading day after Fusion Capital receives such notice.  

Effect of Performance of the Common Stock Purchase Agreement on Our Stockholder


All shares registered in this offering will be freely tradable. It is anticipated that shares registered in this offering will be sold over a period of up to 25 months from the date of this prospectus. The sale of a significant amount of shares registered in this offering at any given time could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline and to be highly volatile. Fusion Capital may ultimately purchase all of the shares of common stock registered in this offering, and it may sell some, none or all of the shares of common stock it acquires upon purchase. Therefore, the purchases under the common stock purchase agreement may result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common stock. However, we have the right at any time for any reason to: (1) reduce the daily purchase amount, (2) suspend purchases of the common stock by Fusion Capital and (3) terminate the common stock purchase agreement.

22


No Short-Selling or Hedging by Fusion Capital


Fusion Capital has agreed that neither it nor any of its affiliates shall engage in any direct or indirect short-selling or hedging of our common stock during any time prior to the termination of the common stock purchase agreement.


Commitment Shares Issued to Fusion Capital


Under the terms of the common stock purchase agreement Fusion Capital has received 863,724 shares of our common stock as a commitment fee.  We have agreed to issue additional shares of our common stock to Fusion Capital as a commitment fee in the event that the ten trading day average closing sale price of our common stock for the ten trading days prior to the date of this prospectus is less than $1.04.  The number of additional shares that may be issued to Fusion Capital is equal to the difference between (i) 900,000 divided by the ten-day average closing sale price described above and (ii) 900,000 divided by 1.04.  Unless an event of default occurs, Fusion Capital must hold these shares until 25 months from the date of the common stock purchase agreement or the date the common stock purchase agreement is terminated.


No Variable Priced Financings


Until the termination of the common stock purchase agreement, we have agreed not to issue, or enter into any agreement with respect to the issuance of, any variable priced equity or variable priced equity-like securities unless we have obtained Fusion Capital’s prior written consent.

Participations Rights


For a period of 25 months from July 8, 2005, the date of the common stock purchase agreement, we have granted to Fusion Capital the right to participate in the purchase of any New Securities (as defined below) that we may, from time to time, propose to issue and sell in connection with any financing transaction to a third party.  In particular, Fusion Capital can purchase up to 50% of such New Securities at the same price and on the same terms as such other investor.  “New Securities” means any shares of our common stock, our preferred stock or any other of our equity securities or our securities convertible or exchangeable for our equity securities.  New Securities shall not include, (i) shares of our common stock assumable upon conversion or exercise of any securities outstanding as of the date of our agreement, (ii) shares, options or warrants for our common stock granted to officers, directors and employees of the company pursuant to stock option plans approved by our board of directors, (iii) shares of our common stock or securities convertible or exchangeable for our common stock issued pursuant to the acquisition of another company by consolidation, merger, or purchase of all or substantially all of the assets of such company or (iv) shares of our common stock or securities convertible or exchangeable into shares of our common stock issued in connection with a strategic transaction involving  us and issued to an entity or an affiliate of such entity that is engaged in the same or substantially related business as we are.  Fusion Capital rights shall not prohibit or limit us from selling any securities so long as we make the same offer to Fusion Capital.

23











MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION


The following discussion and analysis is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. In addition, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors,” “Forward Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this prospectus.


Overview and Business Objectives

 

We are an early stage research based biopharmaceutical company focused on the identification, acquisition, development and eventual commercialization of plant derived pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds. We conduct our research and development program through two wholly owned subsidiaries Phytomedical Technologies Corporation and Polyphone Technologies Corporation. Our research and development program is currently focused on  cachexia, obesity and diabetes.


Diabetes Research


Through a three-way Cooperative Research and Development Agreement among us, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service and Iowa State University, we are working to synthesize certain insulin enhancing (or mimetic) polyphenolic compounds isolated and characterized from cinnamon bark over a ten year period by a team of USDA’S Agricultural Research Service scientists.  These compounds increase insulin sensitivity by activating key enzymes that stimulate insulin receptors while inhibiting the enzymes that deactivate them.  


The primary objectives of our research are to synthesize the active compounds found in cinnamon and characterize their beneficial health effects in cell cultures systems, animals and ultimately humans. Once active compounds have been synthesized, characterized and tested, we intend to apply for patents for the synthesis and use of synthetic compounds as nutrient supplements or additives for foods and beverages. Our goal is to develop a pharmacologically approved product that could be either ingested as a pill or added to food and drink products.

24


Cachexia and Obesity Research


Pursuant to a license agreement with New York University, we are also working to isolate and identify potentially active pharmacological elements found in an extract of the muira puama plant, which we refer to as BDC-03, that we believe are responsible for reducing body fat percentage, increasing lean muscle mass and lowering cholesterol in a study of growing animals. Once the final structure of the compound has been determined, it is our goal to synthesize the compound and file for new patents covering this compound. Contingent on the discovery of this compound, we will plan future studies to determine the effects of BDC-03 in human cachetic subjects.


We believe that the compound has the potential of providing therapeutic benefits to individuals suffering from obesity as well as cachexia. Ascertaining BDC-03’s potential applicability in this area is one of our key goals.


Critical Accounting Policies

 

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made; and changes in the estimate or different estimates that could have been made could have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition. Our financial statements do not include any significant estimates that would have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition.


General and Administrative Expenses


Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs, legal costs, including intellectual property, investor relations, accounting costs, and other professional and administrative costs.


Research and Development Costs


Most of our operating costs to date have been for research and development activities. Research and development costs represent costs incurred to develop our technology incurred pursuant to our CRADA with the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service and include salaries and benefits for research and development personnel, allocated overhead and facility occupancy costs, contract services and other costs. We charge all research and development expenses to operations as they are incurred. We do not track research and development expenses by project.

25











Results of Operations

 

 

            Six Months ended June 30

 

2005

2004

 

       (unaudited)

Revenues

$0

$0

   

General and administrative

  

   Management fees and consulting fees – Related party         

3,465

0

   Investor Relations

1,265,160

29,246

   Other operating expense

155,250

12,151

   Research and Development

45,815

0

   Stock Based Compensation

660,000

0

   

Total General and Administrative Expenses

2,129,690

41,397

   

Operating Loss

(2,129,690)

(41,397)

   

Other Income

  

   Interest Income

1,513

159

   

Provision for Income Taxes

-

-

   

Net Loss

($2,128,177)

($41,238)



 

         Years Ended December 31

 

2004

2003

   

Revenues

$0

$0

   

General and administrative

  

   Management fees and consulting fees – Related party         

11,700

29,000

   Investor Relations

509,275

227,036

   Other operating expense

77,537

34,297

   Research and Development

88,563

0

   Stock Based Compensation

0

0

   

Total General and Administrative Expenses

687,075

290,333

   

Operating Loss

(687,075)

(290,333)

   

Other Income

  

   Interest Income

580

392

   

Provision for Income Taxes

-

-

   

Net Loss

($686,495)

($289,941)


26


For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2005 and 2004


We had no revenues in the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. Our general and administrative expenses increased 5,045% to $2,129,690 in the six months ended June 30, 2005, from $41,397 in the same period in 2004. This increase was primarily attributable to $660,000 in stock based compensation expenses and $1,234,914 in investor relations costs.   


Interest income increased 852% to $1,513 in the six months ended June 30, 2005, from $159 during the same period in 2004, reflecting the higher average cash balances maintained during most of the quarterly period in 2005.


We incurred net losses of $2,128,177 and $41,238 during the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in our net loss amounting to $2,086,939 was principally caused the increase in stock based compensation expenses and investor relations costs.


For the Years Ended December 31, 2004 and 2003

 

We had not generated any revenues in 2004 and 2003. During 2004, the Company incurred $687,075 in general and administrative expenses, an increase of 136% over 2003 expenses of $290,333. The increase is primarily attributable to increased research and development expenses amounting to $88,563 and $509,275 in investor relations costs.  


Interest income increased 47% to $580 in the year ended December 31, 2004, from $392 during the same period in 2004, which was a result of higher average cash balances maintained during 2004.


Our net loss increased 136% to $686,495 in the year ended December 31, 2004, from $289,941 in 2003. The increase in our net loss was principally caused by increased research and development expenses and investor relations costs.


Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

 

Our operating activities used cash for the twelve months ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and the six months ended June 30, 2005 was $675,884, $41,058 and $1,442,033, respectively. Our working capital deficit was $583,349 as of December 31, 2004 and $1,631,527 as of June 30, 2005. Cash used by operations in the twelve months ended December 31, 2004, resulted primarily from increased research and development expenses and investor relations costs. Cash used by operations in the six months ended June 30, 2005, resulted primarily from our net loss from operations of $2,128,177, as well as an increase in stock based compensation expenses of $660,000 a decrease in accounts payable of $25,429 and accrued interest expenses of $51,573.

 

Our financing activities provided $915,776 in cash for the twelve months ended December 31, 2004, which consists primarily of $42,000 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options, $50,000 from the exercise of stock purchase warrants and $823,776 in proceeds from three promissory notes from Harmel S. Rayat, who has agreed to loan us up to $2,500,000. Our financing activities provided $900,000 in cash for the six months ended June 30, 2005, which are the proceeds from a promissory note from Mr. Rayat.  The following table summarizes our financing activity during this period:

27


Financing Source

YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31,

Quarter Ending

 

2004

2003

June 30, 2005

Loans

$823,776

$0

$900,000

Loans Repaid

$15,700

$0

$1,000

Exercise of Options

$42,000

$0

$0

Exercise of Warrants

$50,000

$0

$0

Total

$900,076

$0

$899,000


Contractual Obligations

     

 

As of December 31, 2004, we had the following contractual commitments (aggregating $778,626) pursuant to our CRADA among the USDA's Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State University and ourselves, which we entered into on December 1, 2004:


Iowa State University


Amount

Due Date


$15,000

March 1, 2005

$15,000

June 1, 2005

$15,000

September 1, 2005

$15,562

December 1, 2005

$15,563

March 1, 2006

$15,563

June 1, 2006

$15,563

September 1, 2006

$16,153

December 1, 2006

$16,153

March 1, 2007

$16,154

June 1, 2007

$16,154

September 1, 2007


USDA Agricultural Research Service


Amount

Due Date


$59,575

March 1, 2005

$59,575

June 1, 2005

$59,575

September 1, 2005

$52,632

December 1, 2005

$52,633

March 1, 2006

$52,633

June 1, 2006

$52,633

September 1, 2006

$54,376

December 1, 2006

$54,376

March 1, 2007

$54,376

June 1, 2007

$54,377

September 1, 2007

28


The payments are to fund researchers and associated laboratory supplies. Of the first year total of $298,300, we paid $74,575 in December 2004, $89,575 in March and June, 2005, and expect to pay the balance $134,150 before the end of 2005. We also expect to pay $68,196 during December 2005, which is part of our second year payment commitment, due this year.  


Pursuant to our license agreement with New York University, we are working on the extraction, fractionation and isolation of potentially active pharmacological elements found in the muira puama plant through various contract research organizations. Our research and development plan over the next twelve months for these activities are estimated to cost approximately $225,000, of which $15,525 has already been expended.


Additionally, we had the following loan repayment commitments to Mr. Harmel S. Rayat as at December 31, 2004:


Date of Loan

Amount

Interest Rate

Due Date

Amount to be Repaid


September 13, 2004

$250,000

7.50%

September 13, 2005

$268,750

December 31, 2004

$250,000

8.25%

December 31, 2005

$270,625


We have no understanding or agreements with Mr. Rayat pursuant to his loan commitment regarding an extension of the due dates of these loans.


Except for our CRADA commitments, our commitments under our license agreement with New York University, and our loan repayment obligations, we have no other material capital expenditures planned during fiscal 2005 and 2006.


At December 31, 2004, we had a net operating loss carry-forward for federal income tax purposes of approximately $14,456,000 expiring at various dates through 2024. The potential effect of the next operating loss carry-forward is not ascertainable at this time.

 

We have available to us an additional $776,224 under our loan commitment from Mr. Rayat. In addition, pursuant to our common stock purchase agreement with Fusion Capital, we have the right to receive $20,000 per trading day under the agreement with Fusion Capital unless our stock price equals or exceeds $1.20, in which case the daily amount may be increased under certain conditions as the price of our common stock increases.  Fusion Capital shall not have the right or the obligation to purchase any shares of our common stock on any trading days that the market price of our common stock is less than $0.40.  Since we initially registered 10,000,000 shares for sale by Fusion Capital pursuant to this prospectus, the selling price of our common stock to Fusion Capital will have to average at least $1.00 per share for us to receive the maximum proceeds of $10.0 million without registering additional shares of common stock.  Assuming a purchase price of $0.80 per share (the closing sale price of the common stock on August 3, 2005) and the purchase by Fusion Capital of the full 10,000,000 shares under the common stock purchase agreement, proceeds to us would only be $8,000, 000 unless we choose to register more than 10,000,000 shares, which we have the right, but not the obligation, to do.  Subject to approval by our board of directors, we have the right but not the obligation to issue more than 10,000,000 shares to Fusion Capital.  In the event we elect to issue more than 10,000,000 shares offered hereby, we will be required to file a new registration statement and have it declared effective by the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission.

29


Fusion Capital does not have the right or the obligation to purchase any shares of our common stock on any trading days that the market price of our common stock is less than $0.40. If obtaining sufficient financing from Fusion Capital were to prove unavailable or prohibitively dilutive and if we are unable to commercialize and sell any products derived from our research and development program, we will need to secure another source of funding in order to satisfy our working capital needs. Even if we are able to access the full $10.0 million under the common stock purchase agreement with Fusion Capital, we may still need additional capital to fully implement our business, operating and development plans. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences would be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.


The extent we rely on Fusion Capital (or Mr. Rabat's loan commitment) as a source of funding will depend on a number of factors including, the prevailing market price of our common stock and the extent to which we are able to secure working capital from other sources, such as other debt or equity financings.


Related Party Transactions


For a description of our related party transactions, see the “Certain Relationships And Related Transactions” section of this prospectus and the related notes to our financial statements appearing at the end of this prospectus.


Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

         

We do not currently have, nor have we ever had, any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts. As such, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these relationships.


Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk


Our exposure to market risk is confined to our cash equivalents and short-term investments. We invest in high-quality financial instruments; primarily money market funds, federal agency notes, and US Treasury obligations, with the effective duration of the portfolio within one year, which we believe, are subject to limited credit risk. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. Due to the short-term nature of our investments, we do not believe that we have any material exposure to interest rate risk arising from our investments.

30


New Accounting Pronouncements


In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Statement No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (“Statement 123(R)”), a revision of FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Statement 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and amends FASB Statement No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. Statement 123(R), which we expect to adopt in the first quarter of 2006, is generally similar to Statement 123; however, it will require all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their fair values. Thus, pro forma disclosure will no longer be an alternative to financial statement recognition. We do not believe the adoption of Statement 123(R) will have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.

 


BUSINESS

 

This description contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain of the risks set forth herein. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained herein.


Overview


We are an early stage research based biopharmaceutical company focused on the identification, acquisition, development and eventual commercialization of plant derived pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds and formulations targeting cachexia, obesity and diabetes.


Since we have not yet submitted any products or any elements of our research and development efforts for regulatory approval, the statements contained in this prospectus regarding our ongoing research and development and the results attained by us to-date have not been evaluated by the FDA or any other governmental or regulatory agency.


Through our CRADA with the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service and Iowa State University, we are working to synthesize certain insulin enhancing (or mimetic) polyphenolic compounds isolated and characterized from cinnamon bark, which have been shown to increase sugar metabolism by a factor of 20 in test tube assays using fat cells. These compounds increase insulin sensitivity by activating key enzymes that stimulate insulin receptors while inhibiting the enzymes that deactivate them.  


Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas to help the body use glucose (sugar) for energy. In people with type-2 diabetes, either the pancreas doesn't make enough insulin or the body is unable to use it correctly. Without sufficient insulin, glucose accumulates in the blood and urine and the cells of the body are starved, a condition known as diabetes - the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, blindness and lower limb amputations.  Diabetes reportedly affects 18 million Americans and is expected to rise to 30 million by 2030. As one of the leading causes of death and illness worldwide, diabetes costs the American health care system more than an estimated $132 billion each year.


Additionally, and pursuant to a license agreement with New York University (“NYU”), we are also working to isolate and identify potentially active pharmacological elements, which we refer to as BDC-03, found in an extract of the muira puama plant, which we believe are responsible in reducing body fat percentage, increasing lean muscle mass and lowering cholesterol in a study of growing animals. For obese or overweight individuals, BDC-03’s potential capacity to decrease the deposition of fat and lower cholesterol would be a vitally important therapeutic outcome. However, its prospective ability to induce overall weight gain in the form of lean muscle mass may ultimately prove to be its most important attribute for individuals suffering from cachexia, a condition characterized by dramatic weight loss, not only of fatty tissue, but also muscle tissue and bone.

31


Ascertaining BDC-03’s potential applicability in this area is one of our key goals.



Material Agreements


On July 29, 2004, through our wholly owned subsidiary Phytomedical Technologies Corporation, we entered into an exclusive world-wide licensing agreement with New York University (“NYU”) for certain patented inventions (the “NYU Patents”) related to pharmacologically active elements of a muira puama plant extract and ion channel modulators from natural sources.


In consideration for the license, Phytomedical Technologies Corporation has agreed to:


(1)

reimburse NYU for its patent costs incurred to date ($1,305 paid in 2004);


(2)

pay to NYU a royalty of four percent (4%) of the net sales of all licensed products related to medical, pharmacological, therapeutic, prophylactic, nutritional and research applications of the muira puama extract;


(3)

pay NYU twenty percent (20%) of the net sales for all other licensed products; and,


(4)

pay NYU ten percent (10%) of all sublicense fees.


In connection with the licensing agreement, PhytoMedical Technologies Corporation granted to each of NYU and a NYU scientist/inventor of the NYU Patents, an option to acquire, for a period of July 29, 2004 to July 29, 2006, a number of shares equal to 12.5% of the outstanding common stock of Phytomedical Technologies Corporation on a fully diluted basis.  


On December 1, 2004, our wholly owned subsidiary, Polyphenol Technologies Corporation, entered a three-way CRADA with the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service and Iowa State University, and committed total payments of $666,336 and $186,865 to USDA’s Agricultural Research Service  and Iowa State University , respectively, over a three-year period from November 1, 2004, to October 31, 2007.


The payment schedule to USDA’s Agricultural Research Service is as follows:


Year 1: $238,300 in four instalments, the first of which was paid. The following three payments will commence upon  the hiring of post-doctoral research associates and at three-month intervals thereafter;

Year 2: $210,531 in four quarterly instalments, the first of which is due six months from the last payment made in the first year, and;

Year 3: $217,505 in four quarterly instalments, the first of which is due six months from the last payment made in the second year.

32

The payment schedule to Iowa State University is as follows:

Year 1: $60,000 in four instalments, the first of which was paid. The following three payments commence upon the hiring of the post-doctoral research associates  and at three month intervals thereafter;

Year 2: $62,251 in four quarterly instalments, the first of which is due six months from the last  payment made in the first year, and;

Year 3: $64,614 in four quarterly instalments, the first of which is due six months from the last  payment made in the second year.

All rights, title, and interest in any subject invention made solely by employee(s) of USDA’s Agricultural Research Service shall be owned by USDA’s Agricultural Research Service, solely by Polyphenol are owned by Polyphenol , solely by Iowa State University are owned by Iowa State University, owned jointly by any of three parties if made by any of those parties.

The CRADA is subject to termination at any time by mutual consent.  However, any party may unilaterally terminate the entire agreement at any time by giving the other parties written notice of not less than sixty calendar days prior to the desired termination date. The remaining parties may determine to continue the CRADA. To date, we have neither given nor received any such written notice.


Current Research and Development Activities


Diabetes Research


Over a ten year period, a team of USDA’S Agricultural Research Service scientists have isolated and characterized several insulin potentiating compounds found in cinnamon and have demonstrated that these compounds may be important in the control of glucose intolerance and diabetes.  The USDA’S Agricultural Research Service scientists led a double-blind, controlled study on 60 people with type-2 diabetes using cinnamon and a placebo. Ten patients received one-gram cinnamon daily for 40 days; 10 received three grams daily; and 10 received six grams daily after meals. Thirty placebo patients received capsules of one, three, or six grams of placebo after meals for 40 days.  


Blood measurements were taken at 0, 20, 40 and 60 days (20 days after last capsules). There was no significant change in blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, or LDL cholesterol among the placebo patients over the 60 days. However, the cinnamon patients had blood-glucose decreases of 18 to 29% and triglyceride decreases of 23 to 30%. Total cholesterol went down 12 to 26%, while LDL cholesterol dropped 7 to 27%. There was overall no significant change in HDL cholesterol levels. No side effects were observed and the study found that the beneficial effects of cinnamon lasted for at least 20 days after people stopped taking it.


This study, which was published in Diabetes Care in December 2003, a journal of the American Diabetes Association, demonstrates that certain polyphenolic compounds found in cinnamon have potential activity to normalize blood sugar and fat metabolism in people where it was impaired. Impaired sugar and fat metabolism, present in millions around the world, may lead to type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

33


The primary objective of our sponsored research with the USDA’S Agricultural Research Service and Iowa State University is to synthesize the active components found in cinnamon and characterize their beneficial health effects in cell cultures systems, animals and ultimately humans. Once active compounds have been synthesized, characterized and tested, we intend to apply for patents for synthesis and use of synthetic compounds as nutrient supplements or additives for foods and beverages.  Our final goal is to develop a pharmacologically approved product that could be either ingested as a pill or added to food and drink products.


The CRADA grants us an option to negotiate an exclusive license to any invention or other intellectual property conceived or reduced to practice under the CRADA which is patentable or otherwise protectable under Title 35 of the United States Code or under the patent laws of a foreign country. There can be no assurance that such a license will be granted to us or that we can obtain a license on terms favorable to us. If we do not obtain an exclusive license, our ability to generate revenue in the future would be adversely affected. See “Risk Factors.”


We also expect to enter into additional research agreements and licenses in the future that relate to important technologies that may be necessary for the development and commercialization of related and unrelated products. These agreements and licenses may impose various commercialization, indemnification, royalty, insurance and other obligations on us, which, if we fail to comply may result in the termination of these agreements and licenses or make the agreements and licenses non-exclusive, which could affect our ability to exploit important technologies that are required for successful development of our products.


Cachexia Research


Our cachexia research is based on an extract of the muira puama plant, which we refer to as BDC-03. In a study of growing animals, BDC-03 was found to contain pharmacologically active elements that reduced body fat percentage, increased lean muscle mass and lowered cholesterol.  Our current research is focused on identifying these particular active elements.  


In determining the initial efficacy of the muira puama derived composition, an animal study was conducted using Wistar rats (mean weight of 230 grams). Randomly divided into four groups of six rats, two of the groups were allowed to feed at will, while the other two received a restricted amount of food. One group of rats each from the ad libitum and calorie restricted food populations received a daily dose of the patented muira puama derived composition, while the other remaining two groups served as the control, each receiving an equal amount of sesame oil on a daily basis.


After approximately four weeks, rat body weights and perirenal pad weights were measured, as well as blood chemistry analyzed. As expected, restricted food animals showed lower body weight gains than the ad libitum fed animals (about 50 grams versus 160 gram gains). In the ad libitum groups, both the group that received the muira puama derived composition and the one that did not showed virtually the same weight gain (161 grams versus 162 grams). When compared to the calorie restricted animals, the group receiving the muira puama derived composition gained slightly more weight than the group not receiving the composition, however, the difference (55 grams versus 46 grams) was statistically insignificant.

34


The fat gain versus lean body mass gain in the animals was measured by weighing the perirenal fat pads. In the ad libitum groups, the control animals had perirenal fat pad weights of 1.25 grams, while the muira puama treated animals had pad weights of .96 grams. The perirenal fat pad weight in the calorie-restricted groups was approximately .45 grams for both the muira puama composition group and the control group.


Additionally, blood chemistry analysis showed a reduction in total cholesterol levels in muira puama treated animals, both in the ad libitum (25% reduction) and restricted diet (15% reduction) populations. In all cases, the cholesterol/HDL ratios were not altered. These results demonstrate that, in ad libitum fed animals showing overall weight gain, the muira puama derived composition had the effect of decreasing the deposition of fat, while at the same time shifting the overall weight gain towards lean body mass gain.


The outcome of this animal study resulted in the issuance of US Patent 5,516,516, which was subsequently licensed to us by NYU on July 26, 2004. Pursuant to our license agreement, we have agreed to pay NYU a royalty of four percent (4%) of the net sales of all licensed products related to medical, pharmacological, therapeutic, prophylactic, nutritional and research applications of the muira puama extract and pay NYU twenty percent (20%) of the net sales for all other licensed products and ten percent (10%) of all sublicense fees.


For obese or overweight individuals, BDC-03’s potential capacity to decrease the deposition of fat and lower cholesterol may an important therapeutic outcome. However, its prospective ability to induce overall weight gain in the form of lean muscle mass may well be the most significant factor for individuals suffering from cachexia.


Cachexia, characterized by tissue wasting, involuntary weight loss, anorexia, psychological stress, inanition and ultimately death, is a condition of advanced protein calorie malnutrition, which afflicts upwards of 90% of all advanced cancer patients. The foremost sign – weight loss –not only the loss of fatty tissue, but also muscle tissue and even bone.  Cachexia often accompanies malignancies of the pancreas, stomach, esophagus, lung and intestines, but seldom occurs in patients with hematological malignancies or breast cancer.  It has also been identified with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) patients in the later stages of illness. Cachexia is a life-threatening aspect of cancer and its prevalence, not the cancer itself, is the main cause of death in approximately 50% of all advance cancer cases.


Debilitated by cancer cachexia, patients frequently cannot tolerate conventional cancer treatment therapies, such as surgery or radiation therapy. Drugs designed to kill the cancerous tumor invariably become more and more toxic to the severely weakened and nutritionally compromised patient.  As a result, the survival time of cancer patients is shortened and quality of life is impacted.  In response to metastasis tumors, the body’s metabolism disrupts the proper use and storage of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and accelerates the breakdown of fatty tissue, which depletes fat stores. The body also draws on its muscle tissue as a source of protein, producing the trademark loss of muscle mass. Once the body loses 30% of its lean muscle mass, major organs are affected and generally resulting in death.

35


Presently, through various contract research organizations, we are working on the extraction, fractionation and isolation of potentially active pharmacological elements found in the muira puama plant which we believe was responsible for reducing body fat percentage, increasing lean muscle mass and lowering cholesterol in a study growing animals. Once the final structure of the molecule has been determined, it is our goal to synthesize the compound and file for new patents covering this compound. Contingent on the success of our present research, we will plan future studies to determine the effects in human cachetic subjects.


Our Potential Market Opportunity


Assuming the results from our ongoing research and development efforts prove successful, and subject to our receiving regulatory approvals, we believe that we will be able to address two important market segments: diabetes and cachexia. However, there is no assurance that:

-  the potential market for products, if any, derived from our research and development efforts, will be sufficient to sustain profitable operations, or will be of a magnitude that would warrant the commercialization of any such products following receipt of regulatory approval;

-  such products will fulfill the potential of these markets or otherwise capture a share, if any, of the potential market to warrant continued commercialization; or

-  the availability of competing products and technologies at that time will render products, if any, derived from our research and development efforts, obsolete and commercially unviable regardless of the market for products intended to treat diabetes and cachexia.

Diabetes

We believe there is a demonstrated need for improved treatment options for diabetes.  Diabetes, which results from the body’s inability to produce enough insulin or use it efficiently, affects 18.2 million people in the United States, or approximately 6.3% of the population. This number is expected to rise to over 30 million by 2030. Linked to about 213,000 deaths annually, diabetes is reportedly the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, blindness and lower limb amputations.  Diabetes accounts for approximately $92 billion in direct medical costs and another approximate $40 billion in indirect costs.  It has been estimated that as 366 million people, or 4.4% of the world’s population will be diabetic by 2030, an increase of 195 million, or 2.8% of the population, in 2000.  By 2030, five countries alone are projected to have 187.2 million cases of diabetes, 51.1% of the total, with approximately 30 million cases are expected in the United States alone.   


Cachexia


We believe there is a demonstrated need for improved treatment options for cachexia.


As the nation’s second leading cause of death, more than 1,500 Americans die each day from cancer or cancer related complications; it is estimated that up to 40% of these deaths are related to cachexia. In 2004, approximately 9.6 million Americans had cancer and an additional 1.4 million were newly diagnosed during the same period.  It is estimated cancer costs the domestic medical system $189 billion annually and accounts for $38.5 billion in global medical research and is expected to increase to $53.1 billion by 2009, according to Business Insights.

36


As with cancer, cachexia has been shown to affect AIDS patients as well.  Over 500,000 Americans who have died from AIDS; there are an estimated 800,000 who have been currently diagnosed.  Worldwide, over 40 million people suffer from AIDS. This number is projected to increase by an additional 45 million by the end of this decade. Cachexia was reportedly documented in more than 20% of all AIDS cases reported to the in the early 1990s, and between 1992 through 2000, the number of HIV deaths where cachexia was a contributing factor, increased by approximately 30%.


Government Regulations


General


We are involved in a heavily regulated sector, and our ability to remain viable will depend on favorable government decisions at various points by various agencies. From time to time, legislation is introduced in the US Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing our research and development processes, as well as approval, manufacture and marketing of any products derived from such research and development activities. Additionally, healthcare is heavily regulated by the federal government and by state and local governments. The federal laws and regulations affecting healthcare change constantly, thereby increasing the uncertainty and risk associated with any healthcare related venture, including our technologies that increase the efficiency of insulin and improve body mass. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the agency in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. It is impossible to predict whether legislative changes will be enacted or FDA regulations, guidance, or interpretations changed, and what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.


The federal government regulates healthcare through various agencies, including but not limited to the following: (i) the FDA, which administers the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FD&C Act”), as well as other relevant laws, (ii) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”), which administers the Medicare and Medicaid programs, (iii) the Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) which enforces various laws aimed at curtailing fraudulent or abusive practices, including by way of example, the Anti-Kickback Law, the Anti-Physician Referral Law, commonly referred to as Stark, the Anti-Inducement Law, the Civil Money Penalty Law, and the laws that authorize the OIG to exclude healthcare providers and others from participating in federal healthcare programs; and (iv) the Office of Civil Rights, which administers the privacy aspects of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). All of the aforementioned are agencies within United States Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”).


Healthcare is also provided or regulated, as the case may be, by the Department of Defense through its TriCare program, the Public Health Service within HHS under the Public Health Service Act, the Department of Justice through the Federal False Claims Act and various criminal statutes, and state governments under Medicaid and other state sponsored or funded programs and their internal laws regulating all healthcare activities.


In addition to regulation by the FDA, in the future, we may be subject to general healthcare industry regulations. The healthcare industry is subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to:


-  billing for services;

-  quality of medical equipment and services;

-  confidentiality, maintenance and security issues associated with medical records and individually identifiable health information;

-  false claims; and

-  labeling products.

37


These laws and regulations are extremely complex and, in some cases, still evolving. In many instances, the industry does not have the benefit of significant regulatory or judicial interpretation of these laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the federal, state or local laws and regulations that govern our activities, we may be subject to the applicable penalty associated with the violation, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines or curtailment of our operations. The risk of being found in violation of these laws and regulations is increased by the fact that many of them have not been fully interpreted by the regulatory authorities or the courts, and their provisions are open to a variety of interpretations. Any action against us for violation of these laws or regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s time and attention from the operation of our business.


Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Regulation


Any products submitted to the FDA for approval must undergo rigorous preclinical and clinical testing and an extensive regulatory approval process before they can be marketed. This process makes it longer, harder and more costly to bring any products to market; and, we cannot guarantee that approval will be granted. The pre-marketing approval process can be particularly expensive, uncertain and lengthy. A number of products for which FDA approval has been sought by other companies have never been approved for marketing. In addition to testing and approval procedures, extensive regulations also govern marketing, manufacturing, distribution, labeling and record-keeping procedures. If we do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, such violations could result in warning letters, non-approval, suspensions of regulatory approvals, civil penalties and criminal fines, product seizures and recalls, operating restrictions, injunctions and criminal prosecution.


Delays in or rejection of FDA or other government entity approval may also adversely affect our business. Such delays or rejection may be encountered due to, among other reasons, government or regulatory delays, lack of efficacy during clinical trials, unforeseen safety issues, slower than expected rate of patient recruitment for clinical trials, inability to follow patients after treatment in clinical trials, inconsistencies between early clinical trial results and results obtained in later clinical trials, varying interpretations of data generated by clinical trials, or changes in regulatory policy during the period of product development in the United States. In the United States more stringent FDA oversight in product clearance and enforcement activities could result in our experiencing longer approval cycles, more uncertainty, greater risk and significantly higher expenses. Even if regulatory approval is granted, this approval may entail limitations on uses for which any such product may be labeled and promoted. It is possible, for example, that we may not receive FDA approval to market any products, based on our research and development program for broader or different applications or to market updated products that represent extensions of any such products.  In addition, we may not receive FDA approval to export products in the future, and countries to which products are to be exported may not approve them for import.

38


 

Any manufacturing facilities would also be subject to continual review and inspection. The FDA has stated publicly that compliance with manufacturing regulations will be scrutinized more strictly. A governmental authority may challenge our compliance with applicable federal, state and foreign regulations. In addition, any discovery of previously unknown problems with any of our research and development efforts or products, if any, derived from such research and development, or facilities may result in marketing, sales and manufacturing restrictions, being imposed, as well as possible enforcement actions.


From time to time, legislative or regulatory proposals are introduced that could alter the review and approval process relating to our research and development programs and products, if any, derived from such research.  It is possible that the FDA will issue additional regulations further restricting the sale of products based on our underlying research and development activities. Any change in legislation or regulations that govern the review and approval process relating to our future products, if any, could make it more difficult and costly to obtain approval, or to produce, market, and distribute such products even if approved. 


Competition

 

Industry.


The pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries are characterized by intense competition, rapid product development and technological change. Other than the companies listed below, at present we are not aware of any companies developing competing products or technologies based on cinnamon or the muira puama plant. The description of the products and technologies being developed or marketed by our competitors listed below have been taken from publicly available documents or reports file by these companies; accordingly, there is no assurance that the descriptions are accurate or complete:


-  Integrity Nutraceuticals, Inc. – offers Cinnulin PF®, a patented water extract of cinnamon:

-  Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc. – markets a steam-distilled, cinnamon pure essential oil;

-  Nature’s Vision – sells cinnamon bark extract in the form of 1000mg tablets; and

-  Herb Pharm – offers numerous cinnamon extracts, essential oils, and other related nutraceutical products.


These companies may have numerous competitive advantages, including:


-  significantly greater name recognition;

-  established relations with healthcare professionals, customers and third-party payors;

-  established distribution networks;

-  additional lines of products, and the ability to offer rebates, higher discounts or incentives to gain a competitive advantage;

-  greater experience in conducting research and development, manufacturing, clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approval for products, and marketing approved products; and

-  greater financial and human resources for product development, sales and marketing, and patent litigation.

39


Our commercial success will depend on our ability and the ability of our sublicensees, if any, to compete effectively in product development areas such as, but not limited to, safety, efficacy, ease of use, patient or customer compliance, price, marketing and distribution. There can be no assurance that competitors will not succeed in developing products that are more effective than products, if any, we may derive from our research and development efforts or that would render any such products obsolete and non-competitive. Accordingly, in addition to our research and development efforts, we have undertaken a public relations/advertising program designed to establish our “brand” name recognition early on in our corporate development; we intend to continue to develop and market our brand name pending commercialization of  products, if any, we may derive from our research and development efforts. We believe our strategy ultimately will facilitate the marketing, distribution and public acceptance of products, if any, we may derive from our research and development efforts if and when regulatory approval is received.


Personnel.


Competition among pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and biotechnology companies for qualified employees is intense, and there can be no assurance we will be able to attract and retain qualified individuals. If we fail to do so, this would have a material, adverse effect on the results of our operations.

 

We do not maintain any life insurance on the lives of any of our officers and directors. We are highly dependent on the services of our directors and officers, particularly on those of Harmel S. Rayat. If one or all of our officers or directors die or otherwise become incapacitated, our operations could be interrupted or terminated. See “Risk Factors.”


Employees

 

 In addition to the management services provided to us by Mr. Rayat, we have an administrative, clerical and office staff consisting of one full time and three part time employees. All of our research and development activities are provided on our behalf by scientists and others employed governmental agencies and academic institutions with which we have agreements or by third party providers.

 

Property

 

Our principal office is located at 1628 West First Avenue, Suite 216, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6J 1G1.  A private corporation controlled by Mr. Harmel S. Rayat, our president and chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer, director and majority stockholder; we do not pay rent for the premises. We believe these premises are adequate for our operations.

40









LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

We are not a party to any material legal proceedings and there are no material legal proceedings pending with respect to our property. We are not aware of any legal proceedings contemplated by any governmental authorities involving either our property or us. None of our directors, officers or affiliates is an adverse party in any legal proceedings involving us, or has an interest in any proceeding, which is adverse to us.

  

MANAGEMENT


The following table and text set forth the names and ages of all directors and executive officers of our company as of August12, 2005. The Board of Directors is comprised of only one class. All of the directors will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified, or until their earlier death, retirement, resignation or removal. There are no family relationships between or among the directors, executive officers or persons nominated or charged by our company to become directors or executive officers. Executive officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors, and are appointed to serve by the Board of Directors. Also provided herein are brief descriptions of the business experience of each director and executive officer during the past five years and an indication of directorships held by each director in other companies subject to the reporting requirements under the Federal securities laws.

 

As of August 12, 2005, the directors and executive officers of the company are as follows:

 

NAME

AGE

POSITION


Harmel S. Rayat

44

President, Chief Executive Officer,

Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer, Director

Indy S. Panchi

40

Director

Derek J. Cooper

27

Secretary, Treasurer, Director


Harmel S. Rayat, President, CEO, CFO, Principal Accounting Officer, Director


 Mr. Rayat has been in the brokerage and venture capital industry since 1981. Between January 1993 and April 2001, Mr. Rayat served as the president of Hartford Capital Corporation, a company that provided financial consulting services to a wide range of emerging growth corporations. From April 2001 through January 2002, Mr. Rayat acted as an independent consultant advising small corporations and since January 2002, he has been president of Montgomery Asset Management Corporation, a privately held firm providing financial consulting services to emerging growth corporations. Mr. Rayat has served, and continues to serve, as a director, executive officer and majority shareholder of a number of publicly traded and privately held corporations, including, Hepalife Technologies, Inc., Entheos Technologies, Inc., and International  Energy, Inc. Mr. Rayat has served as one of our directors since December 4, 2000. In 2002 he was appointed secretary and treasurer. On August 12, he was appointed our president and chief executive and financial officer, as well as our principal accounting officer.

41


Indy S. Panchi  Director


.Mr. Indy S. Panchi received his Bachelor’s degree in Business and Finance from Manchester University in June 1990 and subsequently acquired a Post Graduate Diploma in Management Studies from the University of Central England two years later (June, 1992).  In October 1992, he joined the Executive Agency of the Department of Trade and Industry’s British Insolvency Service. In February 1998, Mr. Panchi was awarded an Executive Officer position with the British Foreign Office’s, Trade Partners UK (formerly, British Trade International).  From June 2000 to March 2001, Mr. Panchi was self-employed as a business consultant, offering business development and market analysis consulting services to private companies, public corporations and start-up ventures.  From April 2001 to July 2002, Mr. Panchi accepted a position with Kanester Johal, a firm affiliated with Kingston Sorel International. From July 2002 to September 2003, Mr. Indy Panchi joined BDO Dunwoody Ltd., and subsequently tenured at Deloitte & Touche LLP from September 2003 to April 2004.  Since May 2004, Mr. Indy Panchi has been self-employed as a business consultant to numerous corporations, recently establishing his real estate consultancy practice at Sutton Group.  Mr. Panchi joined the Company as a Director and its President and Chief Executive Officer on September 22, 2003. He resigned as our President on August 12, 2005.


Derek J. Cooper Secretary, Treasurer, Director.


  Mr. Derek J. Cooper earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Physics at the University of British Columbia in May 2001, specializing in solid state and optics, and obtained his Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Geological Engineering in April 2005.  From April 2002 through January 2003, Mr. Cooper tenured at the diversified mining and metals organization, Teck-Cominco, where he co-designed and commissioned a hydrometallurgy extraction process for molybdenum.  Subsequently, from January 2003 thru September 2003, Mr. Derek Cooper joined Syncrude Canada Ltd. as Mine Development Engineer.  While continuing to pursue his Applied Sciences degree in Geological Engineering, from June 2004 thru September 2004 Mr. Cooper successfully completed a near-term engineering-exploration contract with Stealth Minerals Ltd.  Since June 2005, following completion of his Applied Sciences studies, Mr. Derek Cooper has joined Elk Valley Coal (Teck-Cominco, Inc. & Fording Coal Trust) as Drill-Blast Engineer.  Mr. Cooper joined the Company as Secretary, Treasurer and Director on September 22, 2003.


There are no family relationships among or between any of our officers and directors.


During the past five years, except as set forth below, none of our directors, executive officers, promoters or control persons has been:


(a)

the subject of any bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;


(b)

convicted in a criminal proceeding or is subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);


(c)

subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities; or


(d)

found by a court of competent jurisdiction (in a civil action), the Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law.

42


On October 23, 2003, Mr. Harmel S. Rayat, EquityAlert.com, Inc., Innotech Corporation and Mr. Bhupinder S. Mann, a former part-time employee of ours, collectively the respondents, consented to a cease-and-desist order pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act of 1933. Without admitting or denying the findings of the Securities and Exchange Commission related to the public relation and stock advertising activities of EquityAlert.com, Inc. and Innotech Corporation, the respondents agreed to cease and desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 5(a) and 5(c) of the Securities Act of 1933.  EquityAlert.com, Inc. and Innotech Corporation agreed to pay disgorgement and prejudgment interest of $31,555.14.


On August 8, 2000, Mr. Harmel S. Rayat and EquityAlert.com, Inc., without admitting or denying the allegations of the Securities and Exchange Commission that EquityAlert.com, Inc did not disclose certain compensation received by it in connection with stock advertisements and promotions, consented to the entry of a permanent injunction enjoining them from violating Section 17(b) of the Securities Act of 1933; in addition, each of Mr. Rayat and Equity Alert agreed to pay a civil penalty of $20,000.


Scientific Advisory Board


We use scientists, physicians and other professionals with expertise related to our technologies to advise us on scientific and medical matters. Currently, our scientific advisory board members are:


Dr. Rajesh Mathur.



Dr. Mathur holds a bachelor's degree in Biology and Chemistry from the University of Rajasthan in Jaipur, India, a master's degree in Biochemistry & Human Nutrition from University of Baroda in Gujarat, India and a doctorate in Biochemistry (Neurochemistry) from Madras University in Madras, India. Dr. Mathur has over 25 years of experience conducting research in the fields of molecular and cellular biology and physiology.


Following completion of his academic studies, Dr. Mathur initiated doctoral research at Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore in Tamil Nadu, India from March 1979 through August 1985; and, from November 1985 through March 1986, worked as Research Scientist at Government College, Beawar in Rajasthan, India. From September 1986 through December 1989, Dr. Mathur undertook post-doctoral research at Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, CT.  At the same institution, Dr. Mathur served as Research Associate Scientist in: the Department of Human Genetics from January 1990 through December 1992; and at the Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, from January 1993 through July 1996.


Subsequently, from August 1996 through October 1999, Dr. Mathur undertook a position with Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA where here served as Instructor in the Department of Cardiology. From November 1999 thru February 2003, Dr. Rajesh Mathur conducted research at the Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg, Germany, where he served as Senior Research Scientist and Project Manager in the Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine. Since March 2003, Dr. Mathur has undertaken his research efforts at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC (Canada) as “Research Scientist” in the Department of Physiology.

43


Mr. Robert Thoburn


 Mr. Robert Thoburn holds a degree in Biochemistry and Physiology (B.Sc.) with honors from the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada and has published and authored numerous books and articles on health and fitness, exercise physiology, lean muscle mass development, diet and glucose management.


Following completion of his studies in December 2000, Mr. Thoburn worked as an independent consultant to health and wellness companies in Canada and the United States, providing clinical science and product research services.  From December 2000 through November 2001, Mr. Thoburn served as Brand Manager and Research & Development Scientist at SportPharma, Inc. in Concord, CA and subsequently resumed his consulting practice in December 2001.  Since March 2005, Mr. Robert Thoburn has worked with Bio-Engineered Supplements & Nutrition, Inc. as Senior Marketing Executive.


Collaborating Scientists


Dr. Richard A. Anderson


Dr. Richard A. Anderson, a widely-published chromium and insulin expert, has been a scientist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture since 1976, first in the Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Laboratory and then in the Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory. Dr. Anderson obtained his BA from Concordia College, Minnesota, followed by his graduate work at both North Dakota State University, Fargo and Iowa State University, Ames, where he received a Ph.D. in biochemistry. During his postdoctoral work at Harvard Medical School, Dr. Anderson studied the regulatory role of magnesium in E. coli alkaline phosphatase and developed methods to study individual metal binding sites of proteins.


Dr. Anderson’s expertise and research are in the following areas:


-  Liquid chromatography to identify compounds from cinnamon to improve the actions of insulin

-  Determine mechanisms of insulin potentiating factors found in herbs, spices and yeast using in vitro, cell culture and experimental animal studies

-  Chromium and aging

-  Alterations and micronutrients and mineral status in postmenopausal women with and without HRT

-  Polymeric polyphenols in cinnamon for inhibiting tumor growth

-  Chromium, cinnamon & tea as insulin potentiators & antioxidants


Dr. Heping Cao


Dr. Cao holds a PhD in Plant Biology from Pennsylvania State University, where he specialized in biochemical and physiological characterization of numerous plants. Founded one and half centuries ago, Pennsylvania State University is ranked as America’s top public university (2003-04) and boasts over $1.3 billion in endowment funds with more than $500 million in research expenditures.

44


During his tenure at Pennsylvania State University, Dr. Heping Cao published numerous research findings in leading scientific journals, including Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, Physiologia Plantarum, and Plant Physiology, the world’s oldest and most respected international plant science journal, established in 1926 and devoted to the physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, genetics, biophysics, and environmental biology of plants.


Dr. Heping Cao is a widely published scientist with several dozen peer-reviewed original research articles published in 15 different journals and 40 abstracts presented at numerous research conferences. Dr. CIO has been invited to review manuscripts by editors of several prominent journals, including: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Experimental Cell Research, Environmental Health Perspectives, and Chinese Science Bulletin.


Dr. Heping Cao’s notable areas of research experience include: protein/enzyme expression, purification, structure, function, enzymology, and proteomics; biochemical genetics and metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, lipid and RNA metabolism; and signal transduction pathways with particular expertise in tristetraprolin and brassinosteroids.


Dr. Cao has tenured at numerous, distinguished institutions, including: the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Neurobiology (Research Triangle Park, NC); Iowa State University, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology; Texas Tech University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Michigan State University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; and Pennsylvania State University, Plant Biology Program.


Dr. Cao works at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service Nutrient Functions and Requirements Laboratory located in Beltsville, MD.


Dr. John Striffler


Dr. John Striffler holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Biology (Chemistry) from California State University and an Associate in Arts degree in Zoology (Chemistry) from the College of San Mateo (San Mateo, California). Dr. Striffler earned a PhD in Physiology (Metabolism) from the University of California, Davis (UC), established in 1869 and reputed among America’s foremost universities with more than 50 UC researchers awarded the National Medal of Science, the highest honor awarded to a scientist.


Throughout a career spanning forty years of scientific research, discovery, teaching, and lecturing, Dr. John Striffler has tenured at numerous, distinguished research and academic institutions, including: University of California, Department of Physiology; California State University, Department of Biology; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Wright State University School of Medicine; University of Virginia, Department of Internal Medicine; and University of Maryland, Department of Physiology, and others.

45


Dr. Striffler’s scientific investigations and findings on pancreatic perfusion, insulin clearance, insulin resistance, glucagon and glycogen, chromium and insulin, and numerous other facets of diabetes-related research have been published in leading peer-reviewed scientific journals, including: Digestive Disease and Sciences; Journal of Trace Elements In Experimental Medicine; American Journal of Anatomy; American Journal of Physiology; and Obesity Research, among others.


Dr. Striffler works at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service Nutrient Functions and Requirements Laboratory located in Beltsville, MD.


EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION


The following table sets forth the compensation paid by us from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2004, for our Chief Executive Officer and our next most highly compensated officers who earned more than $100,000 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 (the “named officers”).


Summary Compensation Table

                                                                                  

Securities

                                                                                 

Underlying

Name and                                                                         

Options       

All Other

Principal Position               Year

Salary     

Bonus

Other    

Granted     

Compensation

                                                                                                

Harmel S. Rayat

2004

 $0

$0       

$3,500           

0

$0

CEO, President ,

2003    

 $27,000

$0        

$0           

0             

$0

CFO,  PAO, Director

2002    

 $144,000       

$0        

$0           

0             

$0


Indy S. Panchi

            

2004

 $0       

$0

$4,700

0

$0

Director

     

2003

 $0

$0        

$1,150           

0             

$0

                             

2002

 $0

       

$0        

$0           

0             

$0


Derek Cooper,             

2004

 $0

$0       

$3,500

0

$0

Secretary, Treasurer,     

2003

 $0

$0        

$850           

0             

$0

Director

2002

 $0

       

$0        

$0           

0             

$0


Stock Option Grants in Last Fiscal Year


Shown below is further information regarding employee stock options awarded during 2004 to the named officers and directors:


Number of

% of Total

Securities

Options Granted

Underlying

to Employees

   Exercise

  Expiration


Name

Options

in 2004

   Price ($/sh)

  Date



Harmel S. Rayat

0

0

n/a

n/a

Indy S. Panchi

0

0

n/a

n/a

Derek Cooper

0

0

n/a

n/a

46


Aggregated Option Exercises During The Last Fiscal Year and Year End Option Values


The following table shows certain information about unexercised options at year-end with respect to the named officers and directors:


Common Shares Underlying Unexercised         Value of Unexercised In-the-money    

                        

Options on December 31, 2004     

Options on December 31, 2004      


Name  

    Exercisable

    Unexercisable

       Exercisable

      Unexercisable


Harmel S. Rayat

0

0

0

0

Indy S. Panchi

0

0

0

0


Derek Cooper

0

0

0

0



Employment Contracts and Change in Control Arrangements


We do not have any employment agreements with any of our officers and directors. There are no understandings or agreements known by management at this time which would result in a change in control of our Company.  If such transactions are consummated, of which there can be no assurance, we may issue a significant number of shares of capital stock, which could result in a change in control and/or a change in our current management.


Compensation of Directors


Currently, we pay our directors for their services as directors $250 per month (except for Mr. Rayat, who received $350 per month through August 2005). In addition, each director receives $100 per board or committee meeting attended.


In 2004 and 2003, we incurred $11,700 and $2,000, respectively, in fees to directors. Additionally, in 2003, we paid $27,000 to Harmel S. Rayat in management fees.

47










SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT



The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of Common Stock of the Company as of July 12, 2005 by (i) each person who is known by the Company to beneficially own more than five percent of the Common Stock, (ii) each nominee for Director of the Company, (iii) each of the Named Officers (as defined under "Executive Compensation" above), and (iv) all officers and Directors as a group.





Name and Address

Number of Shares

Percentage of

Beneficial Owners

Beneficially Owned

Ownership


Harmel S. Rayat (1)

  

     129,361,471

76%

216-1628 West First Avenue

Vancouver, B.C. V6J 1G1 Canada


Indy S. Panchi

                    

0

0%

216-1628 West First Avenue

Vancouver, B.C.  V6J 1G1 Canada  

 

Derek Cooper (2)

  

  10,000

0%

216-1628 West First Avenue

Vancouver, B.C.  V6J 1G1 Canada


Directors and Executive Officers

     129,371,471

76%

As a group (3 persons)


(1)

Includes 31,300 shares held by Mr. Rayat's wife. The foregoing does not include 14,285,714 share purchase warrants or other shares held by other members of Mr. Rayat’s family. Mr. Rayat disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares and share purchase warrants beneficially owned by his wife and other family members.

(2)

Less than .00001%.


48











CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS


Director, Management and Consulting Fees and Stockholder Advances

In 2004 and 2003, we incurred $11,700 and $29,000, respectively, in director, management and consulting fees to directors.

Outstanding as at December 31, 2004, was $1,000 owing to Harmel S. Rayat, which was advanced to help pay for operating expenses. The advance is unsecured, and non-interest bearing.  

Notes payable and Accrued Interest

Mr. Harmel S. Rayat has agreed to loan us up to $2,500,000 on an “as needed basis.” This commitment is not reflected in a written agreement. As at July 12, 2005, the Company had drawn down a total of $1,723,776 in the following increments:


September, 2004 - $250,000 (unsecured promissory note issued at 7.50% per annum, due on September 13, 2005)  


December, 2004 - $250,000 (unsecured promissory note issued at 8.25% per annum, due on December 31, 2005)


December, 2004 - $323,776 (unsecured promissory note issued at 8.50% per annum, due on September 1, 2006)


March, 2005 - $750,000 (unsecured promissory note issued at 8.50% per annum, due on March 8, 2006)


April, 2005 - $150,000 (unsecured promissory note issued at 8.75% per annum, due on April 5, 2006)


Accrued interest expense on these promissory notes totaled $4,688 for the year ended December 31, 2004 and $16,724 for the three-month period ended June 30, 2005.

Warrants

As at June 30, 2005, 14,285,714 warrants to purchase shares of our common stock are held by unaffiliated members of Mr. Harmel S. Rayat’s family, as to which warrants Mr. Rayat disclaims any beneficial ownership interest.

Rent

Our principal office is located at 1628 West First Avenue, Suite 216, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6J 1G1. A private corporation controlled by Mr. Harmel S. Rayat, our president and chief executive and financial officer, director and majority stockholder, owns these premises; we do not pay rent for the premises.

49


DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

 

General

 

We are authorized to issue up to 300,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock having a par value of $0.25 per share.


As of July 12, 2005, a total of 169,954,889 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding; no shares of preferred stock are issued and outstanding. All of the outstanding issued and capital stock is, and will be, fully paid and non-assessable.  No preferred stock is issued and outstanding.


Common Stock

 

The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted on by the stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any shares of preferred stock that may be outstanding from time to time, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefore. In the event we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, conversion, or subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All then outstanding shares of common stock are, and all shares of common stock to be outstanding upon completion of this offering will be, fully paid and non-assessable.


 Preferred Stock


Our Board of Directors has the ability to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, without stockholder approval. Our Board of Directors may designate for the series:

 

 

the number of shares and name of the series,

 

the voting powers of the series, including the right to elect directors, if any,

 

the dividend rights and preferences, if any,

 

redemption terms, if any,

 

liquidation preferences and the amounts payable on liquidation or dissolution, and

 

the terms upon which such series may be converted into any other series or class of our stock, including the common stock and any other terms that are not prohibited by law.

 

It is impossible for us to state the actual effect it will have on common stock holders if the board of directors designates a new series of preferred stock. The effects of such a designation will not be determinable until the rights accompanying the series have been designated. The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power, liquidation rights or other rights held by owners of common stock or other series of preferred stock. The board of directors’ authority to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of our company, and could discourage any such attempt. We have no present plans to issue any additional shares of preferred stock.

50


Options and Warrants

 

As of June 30, 2005, 8,625,000 options for shares were outstanding under our approved stock option plan and 1,200,000 shares were available for future grants under our stock option plans. We have also issued warrants totaling 14,285,714 common stock shares. Holders of options and warrants do not have any of the rights or privileges of our stockholders, including voting rights, prior to exercise of the options and warrants. The number of shares of common stock for which these options and warrants are exercisable and the exercise price of these options and warrants are subject to proportional adjustment for stock splits and similar changes affecting our common stock. We have reserved sufficient shares of authorized common stock to cover the issuance of common stock subject to the options and warrants.


Registrar and Transfer Agent


The registrar and transfer agent for our securities Holladay Stock Transfer, Inc., located at 2939 North 67th Place, Suite C, Scottsdale, AZ  85251.


Registration Rights


In connection with the July 8, 2005, Fusion Capital transaction, we entered into a registration rights agreement with Fusion Capital. Pursuant to the terms of the registration rights agreement, we are obligated to file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission covering shares which may be purchased by or which have been issued to Fusion Capital under the purchase agreement. 

  


SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

 

Future sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect market prices prevailing from time to time. Under the terms of this offering, the shares of common stock offered may be resold without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, except that any shares purchased by our “affiliates,” as that term is defined under the Securities Act, may generally only be sold in compliance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

 

Sale of Restricted Shares

 

Certain shares of our outstanding common stock were issued and sold by us in private transactions in reliance upon exemptions from registration under the Securities Act and have not been registered for resale. Additional shares may be issued pursuant to outstanding warrants and options. Such shares may be sold only pursuant to an effective registration statement filed by us or an applicable exemption, including the exemption contained in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.

 

At the date of this prospectus, we have outstanding 169,278,889 of common stock. Of these shares, approximately 31,676,837 are freely tradable by persons other than our affiliates, without restriction under the Securities Act; and 138,278,052 shares are restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act and may not be sold unless an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available (including 144). As at July 12, 2005, 129,371,471 shares were held by persons who may be deemed our affiliates and may only be sold publicly pursuant to Rule 144.  

51


In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a stockholder, including one of our affiliates, may sell shares of common stock after at least one year has elapsed since such shares were acquired from us or our affiliate. The number of shares of common stock which may be sold within any three-month period is limited to the greater of: (i) one percent of our then outstanding common stock, or (ii) the average weekly trading volume in our common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of such sale was filed under Rule 144. Certain other requirements of Rule 144 concerning availability of public information, manner of sale and notice of sale must also be satisfied. In addition, a stockholder who is not our affiliate, who has not been our affiliate for 90 days prior to the sale, and who has beneficially owned shares acquired from us or our affiliate for over two years may resell the shares of common stock without compliance with many of the foregoing requirements under Rule 144.

 

Options

 

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register shares of common stock issuable under our 2001 Stock Option and Incentive Plan. Shares issued upon the exercise of stock options are eligible for resale in the public market without restriction, subject to Rule 144 limitations applicable to affiliates.

 

SELLING STOCKHOLDER


The following table presents information regarding the selling stockholder. Neither the selling stockholder nor any of its affiliates has held a position or office, or had any other material relationship, with us. Unless otherwise indicated, the percentage of outstanding shares beneficially owned is based on 169,954,889 shares issued and outstanding at July 12, 2005.



Selling Stockholder

Shares Beneficially Owned Before Offering

Percentage of Outstanding Shares Beneficially Owned Before Offering (1)

Shares to be Sold in the Offering

Percentage of Outstanding Shares Beneficially Owned After Offering

Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC (1) (2)

222 Merchandise Mart Plaza

Suite 9-112

Chicago, IL 60654

863,724

.51%

10,863,724

0%



(1)

As of the date hereof, 863,724 shares of our common stock have been acquired by Fusion Capital under the common stock purchase agreement. Fusion Capital may acquire up to an additional 10,000,000 shares under the common stock purchase agreement. Percentage of outstanding shares is based on 169,954,889 shares of common stock outstanding as of July 12, 2005, together with such additional 10,000,000 shares of common stock that may be acquired by Fusion Capital from us under the common stock purchase agreement after the date hereof.  Fusion Capital may not purchase shares of our common stock under the common stock purchase agreement if Fusion Capital, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.9% of our common stock outstanding at the time of the purchase by Fusion Capital.  Fusion Capital has the right at any time to sell any shares purchased under the common stock purchase agreement which would allow it to avoid the 9.9% limitation. Therefore, we do not believe that Fusion Capital will ever reach the 9.9% limitation.

52


(2)

Steven G. Martin and Joshua B. Scheinfeld, the principals of Fusion Capital, are deemed to be beneficial owners of all of the shares of common stock owned by Fusion Capital. Messrs. Martin and Scheinfeld have shared voting and disposition power over the shares being offered under this prospectus.



PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION


The common stock offered by this prospectus is being offered by Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC, the selling stockholder.  The common stock may be sold or distributed from time to time by the selling stockholder directly to one or more purchasers or through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices, or at fixed prices, which may be changed.  The sale of the common stock offered by this Prospectus may be effected in one or more of the following methods:


ordinary brokers’ transactions;

transactions involving cross or block trades;

through brokers, dealers, or underwriters who may act solely as agents

“at the market” into an existing market for the common stock;

in other ways not involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales to purchasers or sales effected through agents;

in privately negotiated transactions; or

any combination of the foregoing.


In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the shares may be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.  In addition, in certain states, the shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.


Brokers, dealers, underwriters, or agents participating in the distribution of the shares as agents may receive compensation in the form of commissions, discounts, or concessions from the selling stockholder and/or purchasers of the common stock for whom the broker-dealers may act as agent.  The compensation paid to a particular broker-dealer may be less than or in excess of customary commissions.


Fusion Capital is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act.  


Neither we nor Fusion Capital can presently estimate the amount of compensation that any agent will receive.  We know of no existing arrangements between Fusion Capital, any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter, or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares offered by this Prospectus.  At the time a particular offer of shares is made, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed that will set forth the names of any agents, underwriters, or dealers and any compensation from the selling stockholder, and any other required information.

53


We will pay the expenses incident to the registration, offering, and sale of the shares to the public other than commissions or discounts of underwriters, broker-dealers, or agents.  We have also agreed to indemnify Fusion Capital and related persons against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.


Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers, and controlling persons, we have been advised that in the opinion of the U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore, unenforceable.


Fusion Capital and its affiliates have agreed not to engage in any direct or indirect short selling or hedging of our common stock during the term of the common stock purchase agreement.


We have advised Fusion Capital that while it is engaged in a distribution of the shares included in this Prospectus it is required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes the selling stockholder, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the distribution from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase any security which is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete.  Regulation M also prohibits any bids or purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security.  All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the shares offered hereby this Prospectus.


This offering will terminate on the date that all shares offered by this Prospectus have been sold by Fusion Capital.

 

  

DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR

SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES


Our directors and officers are indemnified by our bylaws against amounts actually and necessarily incurred by them in connection with the defense of any action, suit or proceeding in which they are a party by reason of being or having been our directors or officers or of our subsidiaries. Our articles of incorporation provide that none of our directors or officers shall be personally liable for damages for breach of any fiduciary duty as a director or officer involving any act or omission of any such director or officer. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to such directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

 

In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities, other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by such director, officer or controlling person in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding, is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.


LEGAL MATTERS


Sierchio Greco & Greco, LLP. will pass upon the validity of the issuance of the common stock offered here.

54



EXPERTS


Our financial statements at December 31, 2004, and for each of the two years in the period ending December 31, 2004 appearing in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by Moore Stephens Ellis Foster Ltd., independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report (which contains an explanatory paragraph describing conditions that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as described in Note 1 to the financial statements) appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.


 


WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

We file current, quarterly and annual reports with the U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission on forms 8-K, 10-QSB and 10-KSB. We have filed with the U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933 a registration statement on Form SB-2 with respect to the shares being offered in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, certain items of which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission. The omitted information may be inspected and copied at the Public Reference Room maintained by the U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can obtain information about operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission at 1-800-U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission-0330. The U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of such material can be obtained from the public reference section of the U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission at prescribed rates. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of the document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement made in this prospectus relating to such documents being qualified in all respects by such reference.

 

For further information with respect to us and the securities being offered hereby, reference is hereby made to the registration statement, including the exhibits thereto and the financial statements, notes, and schedules filed as a part thereof.

55









PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 


Years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003

and for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004




INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


PAGE

UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AS OF JUNE 30, 2005

F-2


UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR

F-3

THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 AND 2004


UNAUDITED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN CONSOLIDATED

F-4

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)



UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR

F-6

THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 AND 2004


UNAUDITED NOTES TO INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (JUNE 30, 2005)

F-7



AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITOR (MOORE STEPHENS ELLIS FOSTER)

F-11


BALANCE SHEET AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004

F-12


STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED

F-13

DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2003


STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)

F-14

(FROM DECEMBER 31, 2002-2004)


STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED

F-15

DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2003


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (DECEMBER 31, 2004)

F-16

F-1

#




In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim financial consolidated statements included in this Form 10-QSB reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the periods are presented.  The results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.


PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.)

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

JUNE 30, 2005

(Unaudited)

(Expressed in US Dollars)


BASIS OF PRESENTATION (NOTE 1)


ASSETS

 
  

Current Assets      

 

   Cash

$214,505

  

 

Total Current Assets

214,505

  

Total Assets

$214,505

  

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 
  

Current Liabilities

 

   Accounts Payable

$2,996

   Accounts Payable – Related Party (Note 4 )

    119,260

   Promissory Notes – Related Party (Note 4 )

 1,723,776

Total Current Liabilities

$1,846,032

  

Stockholders' Equity

 

Preferred Stock : $0.25 par value; Authorized shares

  1,000,000; Issued and outstanding, none

0

Common Stock: $0.00001 Par Value; Authorized Shares,

1,691

  300,000,000; Issued and outstanding 169,091,165

 

  Additional Paid In Capital

15,290,004

  Accumulated Deficit

(16,923,222)

Total Stockholders' Equity

(1,631,527)

  

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

$214,505

  



See notes to interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.


F-2

#





PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.)

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 AND 2004

(Unaudited)

(Expressed in US Dollars)



 

For The Three Months Ended

 June 30, 2005

For The Three Months Ended

June 30, 2004

For The Six Months Ended June 30,2004

For The Six Months Ended June 30,2004

     

Revenues

$0

$0

$0

$0

     

   Management Fees and Consulting  Fees– Related Party (Note 4)

3,465

0

3,465

0

   Investor Relations

346,799

17,176

1,265,160

29,246

   Other Operating Expenses

107,421

9,205

155,250

12,151

   Research and Development Costs

29,175

0

45,815

0

   Stock Based Compensation

              0

             0

   660,000

              0

Operating Loss

(486,860)

(26,381)

(2,129,690)

(41,397)

Other Income

    

   Interest Income

589

56

1,513

159

     

Provision for Income Taxes

              0

             0

            0

              0

     

Net Loss Available to Common Shareholders

$(486,271)

$(26,325)

$(2,128,177)

$(41,238)

     

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share (Note 3)

$(0.0029)

$(0.0002)

$(0.0126)

$(0.0003)

     

Basic Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding


168,896,165


161,223,308


168,896,165


161,223,308

     



See notes to interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.

F-3

#




PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc.

Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)




Common Shares

Additional Paid in Capital

Accumulated Earnings (deficit)

Comprehensive income (loss)

Total Accumulated other Comprehensive Income

Stockholders Equity (deficiency)


Balance, December 31, 2002

160,323,308

$1,603

$13,901,464

($13,818,608)

$-

$-

$84,459

        

Common stock issued for services rendered           

900,000

9

215,991

-

-

-

216,000

        

Imputed interest

-

-

628

-

-

-

628

        
 

-

-

-

(289,941)

(289,941)

-

(289,941)

Total comprehensive (loss)

       


Loss, year ended December 31, 2003

 

 

 

 

(289,941)

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2003

$161,223,308

$1,612

$14,118,083

($14,108,549)

 

$-

$11,146

        

Common stock issued upon

       

exercise of stock options,

       

at $0.24 per share

175,000

2

41,998

-

-

-

42,000

        

Common stock issued upon exercise

       

  of warrants, at $0.007 per share

7,142,857

71

49,929

-

-

-

50,000

        

Loss, year ended December 31, 2004

-

-

-

(686,495)

(686,495)

-

(686,495)

        


Total comprehensive (loss)

 

 

 

 

(686,495)

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2004

168,541,165

$1,685

$14,210,010

($14,795,044)

 

$-

($583,349)

        

Stock Based Compensation

  

660,000

   

(660,000)

        

Loss, quarter ended March 31, 2004

-

-

-

(1,641,906)

(1,641,906)

-

(1,641,906)

        

Total comprehensive (loss)

 

 

 

 

(1,641,906)

 

 

Balance, March 31, 2005

168,541,165

$1,685

$14,870,010

($16,436,951)

 

$-

(2,885,255)

        

Common stock issued upon

       

exercise of stock options,

       

at $0.24 per share

550,000

6

419,994

-

-

-

420,000

        

Loss, quarter ended March 31, 2004

   

(486,271)

(486,271)

 

(486,271)

        

Total comprehensive (loss)

 

 

 

 

(486,271)

 

 

Balance, June 30, 2005

169,091,165

1,691

15,290,004

(16,923,222)

 

$-

(2,951,526)


F-4/5


PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.)

INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 AND 2004

(Unaudited)

(Expressed in US Dollars)



 

Six Months Ended

June 30, 2005

Six Months Ended

 June 30, 2004

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

  

   Net Loss

$(2,128,177)

$(41,238)

   Adjustments to Reconcile Net Loss to Net Cash Used

   By Operating Activities

  

   Common Stock Issued for services rendered

0

0

   Accrued Interest Payable to Stockholder

51,573

0

   Stock Based Compensation

660,000

0

   Changes in Assets and Liabilities

  

       Increase (Decrease) in Accounts Payable

(25,429)

(6,600)

   Total Adjustments

686,144

(6,600)

Net Cash Used By Operating Activities

(1,442,033)

(47,838)

            

  

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

-

-

   

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

  

   Loans from shareholder

900,000

0

   Payback Loans to Shareholder

(1,000)

(15,700)

   Proceed From Issuance of Common Stock

420,000

0

Net Cash Provided By (Used in) Financing Activities

1,319,000

(15,700)

   

Decreases in Cash

(123,033)

(63,538)

Cash, Beginning of Period

337,538

97,646

Cash, End of Period

$214,505

$34,108

   

Supplemental Information

  

      Interest

$0

$0

      Income Taxes

$0

$0



See notes to interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.


F-6


PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.)


NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2005

(Unaudited)

(Expressed in US Dollars)


Note 1  - Basis of Presentation – Going Concern Uncertainties


The Company has incurred net operating losses since inception. The Company faces all the risks common to companies in their early stages of development, including under capitalization and uncertainty of funding sources, high initial expenditure levels, uncertain revenue streams, and difficulties in managing growth. The Company’s recurring losses raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.  The Company’s financial statements do not reflect any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The Company expects to incur losses from its business operations and will require additional funding during 2005. The satisfaction of our cash hereafter will depend in large part on the Company’s ability to successfully raise capital from external sources to pay for planned expenditures and to fund operations.


In view of these conditions, the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is in substantial doubt and dependent upon achieving a profitable level of operations and on the ability of the Company to obtain necessary financing to fund ongoing operations.  Management believes that its current and future plans enable it to continue as a going concern.  These financial statements do not give effect to any adjustments which would be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern and therefore be required to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in other than the normal course of business and at amounts different from those reflected in the accompanying financial statements.


Note 2 – Presentation of Interim Information


The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Form 10-QSB instructions and in the opinion of management of Phytomedical Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the Company), include all normal adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position as of June 30, 2005 and the consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004.  These results have been determined on the basis of generally accepted accounting principles and practices in the United States and applied consistently with those used in the preparation of the Company’s 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-KSB.

 

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States have been condensed or omitted.  It is suggested that the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto incorporated by reference in the Company’s 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-KSB.


Note 3 – Earnings (Loss) Per Share


Basic earnings or loss per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period of the financial statements.  Diluted earnings or loss per share are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common stock equivalents.  All per share and per share information are adjusted retroactively to reflect stock splits and changes in par value, when applicable.  All earnings or loss per share amounts in the financial statements are basic earnings or loss per share because the inclusion of stock options and warrants outstanding would be antidilutive.  The computation of basic and diluted loss per share is as follows at June 30, 2005:






Three Months

Ended June 30/05


Six Months

Ended June 30/05


Three Months

 Ended June 30/04


Six Months

  Ended June 30/04

Numerator-net loss available to common stockholders


$  (486,271)


$(2,128,177)


$(26,325)


$(41,238)

Denominator-weighted average number of common shares outstanding


168,896,165


168,896,165


161,223,308


161,223,308

Basic and diluted loss per common share


$  (0.0029)


$  (0.0126)


$(0.0002)


$(0.0003)

F-7

Note 4 – Related Party Transactions


Management Fees:  During the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, the Company charged $3,465 and $0 respectively, to operations for management and consulting fees incurred for services rendered by Directors. As of June 30, 2005, the Company owed $63,000 for outstanding management fees owed to Mr. Harmel Rayat, which is included in accounts payable-related party on the consolidated balance sheet.


Notes Payable and Accrued Interest:  Notes Payable totaled $1,723,776 as at June 30, 2005, representing unsecured loans of $250,000 (interest rate of 7.50%), $250,000 (8.25%), $323,776 (8.50%), $750,000 (8.50%), and $150,000 (8.75%) due to Mr. Harmel S. Rayat, a Director and majority shareholder of the Company.  The entire principal and accrued interest is due and payable on demand.  Accrued and unpaid interest on these notes during the six month period ended June 30, 2005, amounted to $56,260 (2004 - $0).


Property:  The Company’s principal office is located at 1628 West 1st Avenue, Suite 216, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6J 1G1. These premises are owned by a private corporation controlled by a Director and majority shareholder. At present, the Company pays no rent. The fair value of the rent has not been included in the financial statements because the amount is immaterial.


Note 5 – Cooperative Agreement


On July 29, 2004, Phytomedical Technologies Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc., entered into an exclusive worldwide licensing agreement with New York University (NYU) for certain patented inventions (“NYU Patents”) related to pharmacologically active elements of a muira puama plant extract and ion channel modulators from natural sources.


In consideration for the grant of the License, PhytoMedical Technologies Corporation agreed to:


- reimburse NYU for its patent costs incurred to date;

- pay to NYU a royalty of four percent (4%) of the net sales of all licensed products related to medical, pharmacological, therapeutic, prophylactic, nutritional and research applications of the muira puama extract;

- pay NYU twenty percent (20%) of the net sales for all other licensed products;

- pay NYU ten percent (10%) of all sublicense fees.


In connection with the licensing agreement, PhytoMedical Technologies Corporation granted to each of NYU and Dr. Bruce Cherksey, a NYU scientist and inventor of the NYU Patents, an option to acquire, for a period of two years from July 29, 2004, a number of shares equal to 12.5% of the outstanding common stock of PhytoMedical on a fully diluted basis.


This combined 25% equity position may not be diluted until a total of $1,825,000, after deduction of all related financing costs, has been invested to further develop the technology.  Thereafter, NYU and Dr. Cherksey will be diluted pari passu with other equity holders of PhytoMedical Technologies Corporation.


On December 1, 2004, Polyphenol Technologies Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc., entered into a three year, three-way Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the USDA's Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and Iowa State University (ISU). Polyphenol Technologies Corporation committed to providing $666,336 in research funding to the ARS and $186,865 to ISU under the following schedule:


ARS:


Year 1: $ 238,300 in 4 installments, the first of which is due to ARS within 30 days of signing of the CRADA, with the following three payments commencing at the hiring of appropriate research personnel  and at three month intervals thereafter;


Year 2: $ 210,531 in 4 quarterly installments, the first of which is due to ARS 3 months from the previous payment; and


Year 3: $ 217,505 in 4 quarterly installments, the first of which is due to ARS 3 months from the previous payment.


As at June 30, 2005, the Company has paid only the initial payment as per agreement with USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS).

F-8


ISU:


Year 1: $ 60,000 to ISU in 4 quarterly installments, the first of which is due within 30 days of signing of the CRADA, with the following three payments commencing at the hiring of appropriate research personnel  and at three month intervals thereafter;


Year 2: $ 62,251 to ISU in 4 quarterly installments, the first of which is due to ISU 3 months from the previous payment; and


Year 3: $ 64,614 to ISU in 4 quarterly installments, the first of which is due to ISU 3 months from the previous payment.


As at June 30, 2005, the Company has paid the initial payment and two quarterly payments as per agreement with Iowa State University.


All rights, title, and interest in any subject invention made solely by employee(s) of ARS shall be owned by ARS, solely by the Company are owned by the Company, solely by ISU are owned by ISU, owned jointly by any of three parties if made by any of those parties.


The Agreement or parts thereof, is subject to termination at any time by mutual consent.  Any party may unilaterally terminate the entire agreement at any time by giving the other parties written notice not less than sixty calendar days prior to the desired termination date.


Note 6 – Warrants


Since 2004, 7,000,000 warrants exercisable at $0.05/unit have expired.


Share purchase warrants outstanding as June 30, 2005:

Number of Warrants

Exercise Price

Expiry Date

14,285,714

$0.007

September 20, 2005


Each warrant entitles the holder to acquire one common share of the Company


Note 7 - Stock Options


On July 12, 2001, the Company approved its 2001 Stock Option Plan, which has 10,000,000 shares reserved for issuance thereunder, all of which were registered under Form S-8 on October 2, 2003. The objective of this plan is to attract and retain the best personnel, providing for additional performance incentives and promoting the success of the Company by providing individuals the opportunity to acquire common stock.


In the six months ended June 30, 2005, the Company granted an aggregate of 5,500,000 stock options to employees, with an exercise price of $0.96 per share, expiring 10 years from the date of grant, being vested immediately.    The Company recorded stock based compensation expense of $660,000 in the period three months ended March 31, 2005.  


Summary of employee stock options information as at June 30, 2005 is as follows:


 

Stocks

Weighted Average Exercise Price

Options outstanding as at December 31, 2003

90,000

$4.97

Cancelled

(90,000)

($4.97)

Granted

4,750,000

$0.24

Options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2004

4,575,000

$0.24

Cancelled

(1,450,000)

($0.24)

Granted

5,500,000

$0.96

Options outstanding and exercisable as at March 31, 2005

8,625,000

$0.70

Exercised

(550,000)

($0.70)

Options outstanding and exercisable as at June 30, 2005

8,075,000

$0.70

F-9


The weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding stock options at June 30, 2005 is 9.40 years.


Note 8 – Subsequent Event


On July 8, 2005, PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (“Registration Agreement”) with Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC (“Fusion Capital”). Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to issue to Fusion 863,724 (subject to possible adjustment) of its common stock, which Fusion has agreed to hold for twenty-five (25) months, and Fusion Capital has agreed to purchase from the Company up to $10,000,000 of the Company’s common stock over a twenty-five (25) month period. Pursuant to the terms of the Registration Agreement, the Company has agreed to file a registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission covering shares which may be purchased by Fusion Capital under the Purchase Agreement.


Once the Registration Statement has been declared effective, each trading day during the term of the Purchase Agreement the Company has the right to sell to Fusion Capital $20,000 of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price equal to the lower of the (a) the lowest sale price of the common stock on such trading day and (b) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices for the common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive trading days immediately preceding the date of purchase. At the Company’s option, Fusion Capital can be required to purchase fewer or greater amounts of common stock each month. The company has the right to control the timing and the number of shares sold to Fusion Capital. This offering was made pursuant to an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, 1933, as amended.


On August 12, 2005, the Company announced the appointment of Mr. Harmel S. Rayat, a current director, to the position of president and chief executive officer. Mr. Rayat will also assume the position of Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer.  Mr. Indy Panchi, the Company's former president and CEO, remains with PhytoMedical as a director.

F-10



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of


PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.)

& SUBSIDIARIES



We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc. (formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.) & Subsidiaries (“the Company”) as at December 31, 2004 and the related consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (deficiency), operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003.  These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.


We conducted our audit in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.  An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audit provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.


In our opinion, these consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at December 31, 2004 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.  


The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has incurred significant recurring net losses resulting in a substantial accumulated deficit, which raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.  Management’s plans regarding these matters are also disclosed in Note 1 to the financial statements.  The ability to meet its future financing requirements and the success of future operations cannot be determined at this time.  These financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.




Vancouver, Canada

“MOORE STEPHENS ELLIS FOSTER LTD.”

March 15, 2005

Chartered Accountants

F-11




PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

DECEMBER 31, 2004

(Expressed in US Dollars)


 

December 31, 2004

ASSETS

 
  

Current assets

 

  Cash and cash equivalents

$337,538

  

Total assets

$337,538

  

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 
  

Current liabilities

 

  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

24,424

  Accounts payable – related parties

71,687

  Advances from stockholder – related party

1,000

  Promissory notes - related party

823,776

  

Total liabilities

$920,887

  

Stockholders' Deficiency

 

  Preferred stock (authorized: 1,000,000 shares):

 

    convertible series B, $0.25 par value

 

    issued and outstanding: nil

-

  Common stock: $0.00001 par valu

 

    issued and outstanding:  168,541,165

1,685

  Additional paid-in capital

14,210,010

  Accumulated deficit

(14,795,044)

  

Total stockholders' Equity (deficiency)

(583,349)

  

Total liabilities and stockholders' deficiency

$337,538

  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 


F-12




 PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2003

 (Expressed in US Dollars)


 

Years Ended December 31

 

2004

2003

   

Revenues

$0

$0

   

General and administrative

  

   Management fees and consulting fees – Related party         

11,700

29,000

   Investor Relations

509,275

227,036

   Other operating expense

77,537

34,297

   Research and Development

88,563

0

   Stock Based Compensation

0

0

   

Total General and Administrative Expenses

687,075

290,333

   

Operating Loss

(687,075)

(290,333)

   

Other Income

  

   Interest Income

580

392

   

Provision for Income Taxes

-

-

   

Net Loss Available to Common Stockholders

($686,495)

($289,941)

   

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share

$0.00

$0.00

   

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding

161,527,543

160,455,226


F-13




PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc.

Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)




Common Shares

Additional Paid in Capital

Accumulated Earnings (deficit)

Comprehensive income (loss)

Total Accumulated other Comprehensive Income

Stockholders Equity (deficiency)


Balance, December 31, 2002

160,323,308

$1,603

$13,901,464

($13,818,608)

$-

$-

$84,459

        

Common stock issued for services rendered           

900,000

9

215,991

-

-

-

216,000

        

Imputed interest

-

-

628

-

-

-

628

        
 

-

-

-

(289,941)

(289,941)

-

(289,941)

Total comprehensive (loss)

       


Loss, year ended December 31, 2003

 

 

 

 

(289,941)

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2003

$161,223,308

$1,612

$14,118,083

($14,108,549)

 

$-

$11,146

        

Common stock issued upon

       

exercise of stock options,

       

at $0.24 per share

175,000

2

41,998

-

-

-

42,000

        

Common stock issued upon exercise

       

  of warrants, at $0.007 per share

7,142,857

71

49,929

-

-

-

50,000

        

Loss, year ended December 31, 2004

-

-

-

(686,495)

(686,495)

-

(686,495)

        


Total comprehensive (loss)

 

 

 

 

(686,495)

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2004

168,541,165

$1,685

$14,210,010

($14,795,044)

 

$-

($583,349)


F-14


PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004 AND 2003

 (Expressed in US Dollars)




Years ended December 31


2004

2003

   

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities

  

   Net loss

($686,495)

($289,941)

   Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used                    

 

   in operating activities

  

       Common Stock issued for services rendered

0

216,000

       Inputed interest on payable to stockholder

0

628

       Stock Based Compensation

0

0

   Changes in assets and liabilities:

  

       Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued   payable

10,611

32,255

Net cash flows used in operating activities

(675,884)

(41,058)

            

  

Cash flows from investing activities

0

0

   

Cash flows from  (used in) financing activities

  

   Loans/Promissory notes from shareholder

823,776

0

   Payback Loans to shareholder

0

0

   Proceeds from the issuance of stock

92,000

0

Net cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities

915,776

0


  

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents

239,892

(41,058)

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

97,646

138,704

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

$337,538

$97,646

   

Supplemental cash flow information:

  

Cash paid for interest and income taxes

$0

$0

Common stock issued for services

$0

$216,000

F-15

#




 

PHYTOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.)


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2004

(Unaudited)

1.

Organization and Nature of Operations

Phytomedical Technologies, Inc. (formerly Enterprise Technologies, Inc.) (the “Company”), a Nevada Corporation, has an authorized capital of 301,000,000 shares of which 300,000,000 shares are $0.00001 par value common stock and 1,000,000 shares are $0.25 par value preferred stock.  On September 7, 2004, the Company changed its name to PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc.

PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiaries, is an early stage research based biopharmaceutical company specializing in the discovery, development and eventual commercialization of innovative plant derived pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds targeting cachexia, obesity and diabetes.


The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, which contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern. However, the Company has sustained substantial operating losses in recent years resulting in a substantial accumulated deficit.  In view of these matters, realization of a major portion of the assets in the accompanying balance sheet is dependent upon the continued operations of the Company, which in turn is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its financing requirements, and the success of its future operations.

To meet these objectives, the Company plans to seek additional equity and expects to raise funds through private or public equity investment in order to support existing operations and expand the range and scope of its business. There is no assurance that such additional funds will be available for the Company on acceptable terms, if at all. Management believes that actions presently taken to revise the Company’s operating and financial requirements provide the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to achieve these objectives cannot be determined at this time.

2.

Significant Accounting Policies

(a)

Principles of Accounting

These financial statements are stated in U.S. Dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

(b)

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, PhytoMedical Technologies Corporation, incorporated on March 9, 2004 and Polyphenol Technologies Corporation, incorporated on August 24, 2004, both Nevada corporations.  All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

(c)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes its best estimate of the ultimate outcome for these items based on historical trends and other information available when the financial statements are prepared. Changes in estimates are recognized in accordance with the accounting rules for the estimate, which is typically in the period when new information becomes available to management. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

F-16

(d)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents for the year ended December 31, 2004.

(e)

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

(f)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value of financial instruments are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant information about financial markets and specific financial instruments.  As these estimates are subjective in nature, involving uncertainties and matters of significant judgement, they cannot be determined with precision.  Changes in assumptions can significantly affect estimated fair values.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, accounts payable – related parties approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions.

The Company operates outside of the United States of America and is exposed to foreign currency risk due to the fluctuation between the currency in which the Company operates in and the U.S. dollar.

(g)

Advertising Expenses

The Company expensed advertising costs as incurred. The Company did not incur any advertising costs during the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003.

(h)

Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with the  guidance established in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.  For assets that are to be held and used, an impairment loss is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset or group of assets is less than their carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the asset down to its fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Fair values are determined based on discounted cash flows or internal and external appraisals, as applicable. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of carrying value or estimated net realizable value.

(i)

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under SFAS No. 109, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary, to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

(j)

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common stock equivalents. Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing income (loss)  (numerator) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding (denominator) for the period. All earnings (loss) per share amounts in the financial statements are basic earnings (loss) per share, as defined by SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share.” Diluted earnings (loss) per share does not differ materially from basic earnings per share for all periods presented. Convertible securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings (loss) per share in the future, such as options and warrants, are not included in the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because to do so would be antidilutive.

F-17

(k)

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for employee stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.” Compensation cost for stock options, if any, is measured as the excess of the quoted market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. SFAS No.123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” established accounting and disclosure requirements using a fair-value-based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation plans. The Company has elected to remain on its current method of accounting as described above, and has adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123.

(l)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130 (SFAS 130), Reporting Comprehensive Income, which establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances.  The Company is disclosing this information on its Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficiency).  Comprehensive income (loss) comprises equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

(m)

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company maintains both U.S. Dollar and Canadian Dollar bank accounts at a financial institution in Canada. Foreign currency transactions are translated into their functional currency, which is U.S. Dollar, in the following manner:

At the transaction date, each asset, liability, revenue and expense is translated into the functional currency by the use of the exchange rate in effect at that date. At the period end, monetary assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars by using the exchange rate in effect at that date. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations are included in the results of operations.

(n)

Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board No. 133 (SFAS 133), Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,  which requires companies to recognize all derivatives contracts as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and to measure them at fair value.  If certain conditions are met, a derivative may be specifically designated as a hedge, the objective of which is to match the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging derivative with the recognition of (i) the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk or (ii) the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transaction.  For a derivative not designated as a hedging instrument, the gain or loss is recognized in income in the period of change.

The Company has not entered into derivative contracts either to hedge existing risks or for speculative purposes.  The option of this pronouncement does not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.

(o)

Intangible Assets

The Company adopted the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 (SFAS 142), Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”, which requires that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite life are not amortized but rather tested at least annually for impairment.  Intangible assets with a definite life are required to be amortized over its useful life or its estimated useful life.

As at December 31, 2004 and 2002, the Company did not have any goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite or definite life.

F-18

(p)

Related Party Transactions

A related party is generally defined as (i) any person that holds 10% or more of the Company’s securities and their immediate families, (ii) the Company’s management, (iii) someone that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company, or (iv) anyone who can significantly influence the financial and operating decisions of the Company. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties (See Note 3).

(q)

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, “Inventory Costs-an amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4”, which is the result of the FASB’s project to reduce differences between U.S. and international accounting standards. SFAS No. 151 requires idle facility costs, abnormal freight, handling costs, and amounts of wasted materials (spoilage) be treated as current-period costs. Under this concept, if the costs associated with the actual level of spoilage or production defects are greater than the costs associated with the range of normal spoilage or defects, the difference would be charged to current-period expense, not included in inventory costs. SFAS No. 151 will be effective for inventory costs incurred during fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005.  The adoption of SFAS No. 151 will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.


In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions. SFAS No. 153 requires exchanges of productive assets to be accounted for at fair value, rather than at carryover basis, unless (1) neither the asset received nor the asset surrendered has a fair value that is determinable within reasonable limits or (2) the transactions lack commercial substance. SFAS 153 is effective for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The adoption of FASB No. 153 will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.


In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123(R), "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation". SFAS 123(R) establishes standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services. This Statement focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. SFAS 123(R) requires that the fair value of such equity instruments be recognized as expense in the historical financial statements as services are performed. Prior to SFAS 123(R), only certain pro-forma disclosures of fair value were required. SFAS 123(R) shall be effective for the Company as of the beginning of the first interim or annual reporting period that begins after December 15, 2005. The adoption of FASB No. 123(R), will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

3.

Related Party Transactions

(a)

Management, Consulting Fees and Stockholder Advances

In 2004, the Company incurred $11,700 (2003 - $29,000) in management and consulting fees to directors, of which $3,500 was to a director and major stockholder.  Included in accounts payable – related parties as at December 31, 2004 is management and consulting fees of $4,000 incurred in 2004 and $63,000 incurred in previous years.  

Advances from stockholder – related party at December 31, 2004 is represented by $1,000 advanced by a director and majority stockholder to help pay for operating expenses. The advance is unsecured, and non-interest bearing.  Imputed interest on the advance has not been included in the financial statements because the amount is immaterial.  

(b)

Notes payable

At a Board of Directors meeting held on September 10, 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors agreed to accept a loan of up to $1,000,000 from the same director and major stockholder in Note 3(a).  Proceeds from the loan, which will be drawn down on a “as needed basis”, will be used to fund the Company’s research and development commitment, management fees, staff salaries, investor and public relations costs, legal and audit costs, and other ongoing working capital requirements.

On September 13, 2004, the Company drew down $250,000 from the loan commitment and issued an unsecured promissory note bearing interest at a rate of 7.50% per annum, due on September 13, 2005.

F-19

On December 31, 2004, the Company drew down an additional $250,000 from the loan commitment and issued an unsecured promissory note bearing interest at a rate of 8.25% per annum, due on December 31, 2005.

Accrued interest expense on the promissory notes of $4,688 for 2004 is included in accounts payable – related parties at December 31, 2004.

In December 2004, the same director and major stockholder of the Company paid $323,776 in investor relation fees on behalf of the Company.  For reimbursement, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note bearing interest at a rate of 8.50% per annum and due on September 1, 2006.

(c)

Common Stock and Warrants

Of the total warrants outstanding as at December 31, 2004 (see Note 4), 7,000,000 warrants are held by the Company’s director and majority stockholder, and 14,285,714 are held by companies controlled by unaffiliated family members of the same director and majority stockholder of the Company.

(d)

Rent

The Company’s principal office is located at 1628 West First Avenue, Suite 216, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.  These premises are owned by a private corporation controlled by a director and majority stockholder. At present, the Company pays no rent. The fair value of the rent has not been included in the financial statements because the amount is immaterial.

4.

Warrants

In December 2004, 7,142,857 warrants were exercised into common share for total proceeds of $50,000.


Share purchase warrants outstanding as at December 31, 2004:

    

     Number of Warrants

    Exercise Price

      Expiry Date

4,000,000

          $0.05

      January 10, 2005

3,000,000

          $0.05

      March 1, 2005

             14,285,714

        $0.007

      September 20, 2005

             21,285,714



Each warrant entitles the holder to acquire one common share of the Company.

5.

Stock Options

On July 12, 2001, the Company approved its 2001 Stock Option Plan, which has 10,000,000 shares reserved for issuance thereunder, all of which were registered under Form S-8 on October 2, 2003. The objective of this plan is to attract and retain the best personnel, providing for additional performance incentives and promoting the success of the Company by providing individuals the opportunity to acquire common stock.

The Company did not grant any stock options in fiscal year 2004.

On September 22, 2003, the Company’s Board of Directors granted Non-Statutory Stock Options under the 2001 Stock Option Plan to three employees to purchase 4,750,000 common shares at price of $0.24 per share, the closing price of the Company’s shares on September 22, 2003. The options shall become exercisable in two equal installments of fifty percent (50%), with the first installment becoming exercisable upon issuance and the balance becoming exercisable on September 22, 2004. Each stock option entitles the holder to acquire one common share of the Company

F-20


Summary of employee stock option information for the period ended December 31, 2004 is as follows:


 

     Weighted Average

           

            Stocks

        Exercise Price


Options outstanding as at December 31, 2002

           90,000

$4.97

Cancelled

                         (90,000)

             $(4.97)

Granted

                      4,750,000

$0.24

Options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2003          4,750,000

$0.24

Exercised

        (175,000)

$0.24

Options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2004

       4,575,000

$0.24



The weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding stock options at December 31, 2004 is 8.70 years.

Had compensation expense for the Company's stock-based compensation plans been determined under SFAS No. 123, based on the fair market value at the grant dates, the Company's pro forma net loss and pro forma net loss per stock would have been reflected as follows:

           

            Years ended December 31

2004

2003


Net income (loss):


  As reported

        $(686,495)

        $(289,941)

    Stock-based employee compensation


      expense as determined under the


      fair value based method

          (379,740)

          (665,260)

  Pro-forma

       (1,066,235)

        $(955,201)

Net income (loss) per stock

  – basic and diluted:


  As reported

              $(0.00)

              $(0.00)

  Pro-forma

$(0.01)

              $(0.01)



The weighted average fair value of the options granted in 2003 was estimated at $0.24 by using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model with the following weighted average assumptions: dividend yield of 0%, expected volatility of 159%, risk-free interest rates of 3.5%, and expected lives of five years.

6.

Income Taxes

There is no current or deferred tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, due to the Company's loss position. The Company has fully reserved for any benefits of these losses. The deferred tax consequences of temporary differences in reporting items for financial statement and income tax purposes are recognized, as appropriate. Realization of the future tax benefits related to the deferred tax assets is dependent on many factors, including the Company's ability to generate taxable income within the net operating loss carryforward period. Management has considered these factors in reaching its conclusion as to the valuation allowance for financial reporting purposes and has recorded a 100% valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset.

The income tax effect, utilizing a 34% income tax rate, of temporary differences comprising the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is a result of the following:

 

For the Year Ended

December 31, 2004

Deferred tax asset:


Net operating loss carryforwards

       $4,915,000

Valuation allowance

        (4,915,000)

Net deferred tax asset

                                   $-

F-21


The Company has available net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $14,456,000 for tax purposes to offset future taxable income, which expires commencing 2008 through to the year 2024. Pursuant to the Tax Reform Act of 1986, annual utilization of the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards may be limited if a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% is deemed to occur within any three-year period.

A reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax rate (34%) and the effective rate of income tax expense for each of the years during the period ended December 31 follows:

            

Years ended December 31

   2004

   2003


Statutory federal income tax rate

(34.0)%

(34.0)%

Valuation allowance

 34.0%

 34.0%

Effective income tax rate

   0.0%

    0.0%

7.

Option Purchase and Rights Agreement

On July 29, 2004, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Phytomedical Technologies Corporation, entered into an exclusive world-wide licensing agreement with New York University (NYU) for certain patented inventions (“NYU Patents”) related to pharmacologically active elements of a muira puama plant extract and ion channel modulators from natural sources.


In consideration for the grant of the License, Phytomedical has agreed to:


(1)

reimburse NYU for its patent costs incurred to date ($1,305 paid in 2004);


(2)

pay to NYU a royalty of four percent (4%) of the net sales of all licensed products related to medical, pharmacological, therapeutic, prophylactic, nutritional and research applications of the muira puama extract;


(3)

pay NYU twenty percent (20%) of the net sales for all other licensed products;


(4)

pay NYU ten percent (10%) of all sublicense fees.


In connection with the licensing agreement, PhytoMedical Technologies Corporation granted to each of NYU and a NYU scientist/inventor of the NYU Patents, an option to acquire, for a period of July 29, 2004 to July 29, 2006, a number of shares equal to 12.5% of the outstanding common stock of Phytomedical Technologies Corporation on a fully diluted basis.  

8.

Co-operative Research Agreement

On December 1, 2004, the company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Polyphenol Technologies Corporation, entered a three-way Co-operative Research and Development Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (“ARS”) and Iowa State University (“ISU”), and committed total payments of $666,336 and $186,865 to ARS and ISU, respectively, over three-year period from November 1, 2004 to October 31, 2007.

The payment schedule to ARS is as follows:

(1)

Year 1: $238,300 in four instalments, the first of which is due within 30 days of signing of this agreement (paid) and with the following three payments commencing at the hiring of post-doctoral research associates for this Agreement and at three month intervals thereafter;

(2)

Year 2: $210,531 in four quarterly instalments, the first of which is due three months from the previous payment, and;

(3)

Year 3: $217,505 in four quarterly instalments, the first of which is due three months from the previous payment.

F-22

The payment schedule to ISU is as follows:

(1)

Year 1: $60,000 in four instalments, the first of which is due within 30 days of signing of this agreement (paid) and with the following three payments commencing at the hiring of the post-doctoral research associates for this Agreement and at three month intervals thereafter;

(2)

Year 2: $62,251 in four quarterly instalments, the first of which is due three months from the previous payment, and;

(3)

Year 3: $64,614 in four quarterly instalments, the first of which is due three months from the previous payment.

All rights, title, and interest in any subject invention made solely by employee(s) of ARS shall be owned by ARS, solely by the Company are owned by the Company, solely by ISU are owned by ISU, owned jointly by any of three parties if made by any of those parties.

The Agreement or parts thereof, is subject to termination at any time by mutual consent.  Any party may unilaterally terminate the entire agreement at any time by giving the other parties written notice not less than sixty calendar days prior to the desired termination date.

9.

Subsequent events

(a)

On March 1, 2005, the Company entered into a Market Access Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) with National InfoSystems Inc., the Company’s investor and media relations consultant, for a monthly fee of $8,080 (Cdn$10,500) for a one year term.

(b)

On February 28, 2005, The Company entered into 10 year NonStatutory Stock Option Agreements with two employees where the employees are granted stock options to acquire up to 5,500,000 shares of common stock of the Company, at an exercise price of $0.96 per share, vesting immediately, and expire ten years from date of grant.


F-23


#







PART II. INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

ITEM 24. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.

 

Section 78.7502(1) of the Nevada Revised Statutes ("NRS") authorizes a Nevada corporation to indemnify any director, officer, employee, or corporate agent "who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except an action by or in the right of the corporation" due to his or her corporate role. Section 78.7502(1) extends this protection "against expenses, including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful."

 

Section 78.7502(2) of the NRS also authorizes indemnification of the reasonable defense or settlement expenses of a corporate director, officer, employee or agent who is sued, or is threatened with a suit, by or in the right of the corporation. The party must have been acting in good faith and with the reasonable belief that his or her actions were in or not opposed to the corporation's best interests. Unless the court rules that the party is reasonably entitled to indemnification, the party seeking indemnification must not have been found liable to the corporation.

 

To the extent that a corporate director, officer, employee, or agent is successful on the merits or otherwise in defending any action or proceeding referred to in Section 78.7502(1) or 78.7502(2), Section 78.7502(3) of the NRS requires that he be indemnified "against expenses, including attorneys' fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense."

 

Unless ordered by a court or advanced pursuant to Section 78.751(2), Section 78.751(1) of the NRS limits indemnification under Section 78.7502 to situations in which either (1) the stockholders, (2)the majority of a disinterested quorum of directors, or (3) independent legal counsel determine that indemnification is proper under the circumstances.

 

Section 78.751(2) authorizes a corporation's articles of incorporation, bylaws or agreement to provide that directors' and officers' expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action must be paid by the corporation as incurred, rather than upon final disposition of the action, upon receipt by the director or officer to repay the amount if a court ultimately determines that he is not entitled to indemnification.


Section 78.751(3)(a) provides that the rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights under any bylaw, agreement, stockholder vote or vote of disinterested directors. Section 78.751(3) (b) extends the rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses to former directors, officers, employees and agents, as well as their heirs, executors, and administrators.

 

Regardless of whether a director, officer, employee or agent has the right to indemnity, Section 78.752 allows the corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on his behalf against liability resulting from his or her corporate role.

II-1


Our Bylaws contains indemnification provisions that provide substantially comparable indemnification provisions of the NRS.  


The foregoing is only a summary of the indemnification provisions of our Bylaws and contracts and is qualified by reference to our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws in their entirety.   


At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any director, officer, employee or agent as to which indemnification will be required or permitted under the Certificate. The Registrant is not aware of any threatened litigation or preceding that may result in a claim for such indemnification.


ITEM 25. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION

 

The estimated expenses of this offering, all of which are to be paid by the registrant, are as follows:


U.S.  Securities & Exchange Commission

Registration Fee

$ 1,023


Accounting Fees and Expenses

$ 10,000

Legal Fees and Expenses

$ 50,000

Transfer Agent Fees

$ 2,500

Miscellaneous Expenses

$ 5,000

TOTAL

$ 68,523



ITEM 26. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES

 

During the past three years, we have offered and sold the following shares of common stock, which were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.


On September 20, 2002, we issued 21,428,571 restricted common shares at $0.007 per share and 21,428,571 purchase warrants to acquire common shares of the Company at $0.007 per share until September 20, 2005, issued to three corporations controlled by parties residing outside the United States. The registrant believes that the offer and sale of these shares were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(2) thereof and Regulation S as promulgated under the Securities Act.


On September 22, 2003, we agreed to issue 900,000 restricted common shares at $0.24 per share, in lieu of financial and media relation services provided by National InfoSystems, Inc. valued at $216,000. The registrant believes that the offer and sale of these shares were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(2) thereof and Regulation S as promulgated under the Securities Act.


On July 8, 2005, we issued 863,724 restricted common shares to Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC pursuant to the terms of a common stock purchase agreement. The registrant believes that the offer and sale of these securities (and the delivery of the common stock purchase agreement) were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(2) thereof and Regulation D as promulgated under the Securities Act.


II-2


ITEM 27. EXHIBITS.

 

The following exhibits are filed as part of this registration statement, pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-B. [Note to draft: add option agreements].


Exhibit No.

Description

3.1

Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, filed August 15, 1996 (1)


3.2

By-laws, filed August 15, 1996 (1)


4.1

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed September 8, 2004 (2)


4.2

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed January 3, 2005 (3)


4.3

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed March 1, 2005 (4)


4.4

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed March 8, 2005 (5)


4.5

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed April 8, 2005 (6)


4.7

Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC, filed
July 13, 2005 (7)



4.7

Registration Rights Agreement with Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC, filed July 13, 2005 (7)


5.0

Opinion of Sierchio Greco & Greco, LLP


10.1

Licensing Agreement between the Company and New York University, filed
August 8, 2004 (8)


10.2

Grant of Stock Option by the Company to New York University, filed August 8, 2004 (8)


10.3

Option Purchase and Rights Agreement between the Company and New York University, filed August 8, 2004 (8)


10.4

Grant of Stock Option by the Company to Bruce Cherksey, filed January 19, 2005 (9)


10.5

Option Purchase and Rights Agreement between the Company and Bruce Cherksey, filed January 19, 2005 (9)


10.6

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between the Company, USDA and Iowa State University, filed December 2, 2004 (10)


10.7

Restated Finder Agreement Dated August 1, 2005 between the Company and Pacific Capsource, Inc.


10.8

Market Access Services Agreement between the Company and National InfoSystems Inc., filed March 1, 2005 (11)

II-3


10.9

2001 Incentive Stock Option Plan, filed October 2, 2003 (12)


10.10

Grant of $0.24 stock options to employees, directors, officers and consultants (13)


10.11

Grant of $0.96 stock options to employees, directors, officers and consultants (14)


23.1

Consent of Sierchio Greco & Greco, LLP (included in Exhibit 5 hereto)


23.2

Consent of Moore Stephens Ellis Foster Ltd.


Notes


(1)

The documents identified are incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10-SB12G (No. 000-28790).


(2)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 8, 2004.


(3)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 3, 2005.


(4)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2005.


(5)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2005.


(6)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 8, 2005.


(7)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on July 13, 2005.


(8)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2004.


(9)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 19, 2005.


(10)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 2, 2004.


(11)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2005.


(12)

Incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8
(No. 333-109413).


(13)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 23, 2003.


(14)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2005.

II-4





 

ITEM 28. UNDERTAKINGS.

 


The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:



(1) To file, during any period in which it offers or sells securities, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement to:


(i)

Include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;


(ii)

Reflect in the prospectus any facts or events which, individually or together, represent a fundamental change in the information in the registration statement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and


(iii)

Include any additional or changed material information on the plan of distribution.


(2)  That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.


(3)  To file a post-effective amendment to remove from registration any of the securities that remain unsold at the end of the offering.


Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described under Item 24 above, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable.  In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-5







SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing of this Form SB-2 Registration Statement and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on this 17th day of August, 2005.

 


PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc.


                                                              

/s/ Harmel S. Rayat

Harmel S. Rayat

                                                              

President, Chief Executive and Financial Officer





Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated have signed this Form SB-2 Registration Statement:



Signature                         

Title                           

Date



/s/ Harmel S. Rayat

President, CEO, CFO

August  17, 2005

Harmel S. Rayat

and Director



/s/ Indy Panchi

Director

August  17, 2005

Indy S. Panchi




/s/ Derek Cooper

Director, Secretary/Treasurer,   

August 17, 2005

Derek Cooper

 


II-6





POWER OF ATTORNEY


KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS that each individual whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Harmel S. Rayat, , as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents for the undersigned, with full power of substitution, for and in the name, place and stead of the undersigned, to sign and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act any registration statement relating to this offering that is to become effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act (a “462 Registration Statement”), any and all amendments and exhibits to this Registration Statement or any 462 Registration Statement, and any and all applications and other documents to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pertaining to the registration of the securities covered hereby or thereby, with full power and authority to do and perform any and all acts and things whatsoever requests and necessary or desirable.

 


         

Signature                         

Title                           

Date


/s/ Indy Panchi

Director

August  17, 2005

Indy S. Panchi




/s/ Derek Cooper

Director, Secretary/Treasurer,   

August 17, 2005

Derek Cooper

 


II-7





EXHIBIT INDEX

 



Exhibit No.

   Description

3.1

Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, filed August 15, 1996 (1)


3.2

By-laws, filed August 15, 1996 (1)


4.1

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed September 8, 2004 (2)


4.2

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed January 3, 2005 (3)


4.3

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed March 1, 2005 (4)


4.4

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed March 8, 2005 (5)


4.5

Promissory Note between the Company and Harmel S. Rayat, filed April 8, 2005 (6)


4.6

Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC, filed July 13, 2005 (7)


4.7

Registration Rights Agreement with Fusion Capital Fund II, LLC, filed July 13, 2005 (7)


5.0

Opinion of Sierchio Greco & Greco, LLP


10.1

Licensing Agreement between the Company and New York University, filed August 8, 2004 (8)


10.2

Grant of Stock Option by the Company to New York University, filed August 8, 2004 (8)


10.3

Option Purchase and Rights Agreement between the Company and New York University, filed August 8, 2004 (8)


10.4

Grant of Stock Option by the Company to Bruce Cherksey, filed January 19, 2005 (9)


10.5

Option Purchase and Rights Agreement between the Company and Bruce Cherksey, filed January 19, 2005 (9)


10.6

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between the Company, USDA and Iowa State University, filed December 2, 2004 (10)


10.7

Restated Finder Agreement dated August 1, 2005 between the Company and Pacific Capsource, Inc.


10.8

Market Access Services Agreement between the Company and National InfoSystems Inc., filed March 1, 2005 (11)


10.9

2001 Incentive Stock Option Plan, filed October 2, 2003 (12)


10.10

Grant of $0.24 stock options to employees, directors, officers and consultants (13)


10.11

Grant of $0.96 stock options to employees, directors, officers and consultants (14)


23.1

Consent of Sierchio Greco & Greco, LLP (included in Exhibit 5 hereto)


23.2

Consent of Moore Stephens Ellis Foster Ltd.


Notes


(1)

The documents identified are incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10-SB12G (No. 000-28790).


(2)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 8, 2004.


(3)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 3, 2005.


(4)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2005.


(5)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2005.


(6)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 8, 2005.


(7)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on July 13, 2005.


(8)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2004.


(9)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 19, 2005.


(10)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 2, 2004.


(11)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2005.


(12)

Incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8
(No. 333-109413).


(13)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on September 23, 2003.


(14)

Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2005.





Exhibit 5 Opinion of Counsel


SIERCHIO  GRECO & GRECO, LLP

720 Fifth Avenue

New York, New York 10019

Telephone: (212) 246-3030

Facsimile: (212) 246-2225


August 18, 2005


Phytomedical Technologies, Inc.

Suite 216 – 1628 West 1st Avenue

Vancouver, BC, V6J 1G1


Re:          Form SB-2 Registration Statement


Ladies and Gentlemen:


You have requested our opinion with respect to certain matters in connection with the filing by Phytomedical Technologies, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”) of a Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (the “Registration Statement”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”) regarding the registration of 10,863,724 shares (the “Registered Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, offered for sale by the selling stockholders named in the registration statement.


All capitalized terms herein that are not otherwise defined shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the Registration Statement. In connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended, the Company’s Bylaws, and Registration Statement and related prospectus originals or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction of all such corporate records of the Company and such other instruments and other certificates of public officials, officers and representatives of the Company and such other persons, and we have made such investigations of law, as we have deemed appropriate as a basis for the opinions expressed below. In addition, we have assumed and have not independently verified the accuracy as to factual matters of each document we have reviewed.


In arriving at the opinions expressed below, we have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies.  We have also assumed that the Company will receive full payment from the selling stockholder for all shares registered and resold by it.


Based on the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, subject to the further assumptions and qualifications set forth below, we are of the opinion that the Registered Shares, when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms set forth in the prospectus constituting a part of the Registration Statement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable,


The foregoing opinion is limited to the laws of the State of Nevada.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the heading “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement and the related prospectus included in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are “experts” within the meaning of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission issued thereunder with respect to any part of the Registration Statement, including this exhibit.


Very truly yours,

 

Sierchio Greco & Greco, LLP.



By: /s/ Sierchio Greco & Greco, LLP.





RESTATED FINDER AGREEMENT



RESTATED FINDER AGREEMENT


Restated Finder And Agreement , dated as of the 1st  day of August, 2005 (the “Restated Agreement”), between Pacific Capsource, Inc., (“Finder”), a Nevada Corporation, with offices located at 1751 Greenwich, San Francisco, CA 94123, and PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc. (“Client”), a Nevada Corporation, with offices located at Suite 216, 1628 West 1st Avenue, Vancouver, B.C., V6J 1G1.


Finder and Client are parties to a Finder Agreement dated as of the 5th day of May, 2005 (the “Finder Agreement”) as amended on the 8th day of July, 2005 (the “Amendment”); the Finder Agreement as amended and modified by, and together with the Amendment, is referred to herein as the “Original Finder Agreement;” and


Finder and Client deem it to be in their respective best interest to terminate, in its entirety, the Original Finder Agreement and to restate their understanding with respect to the subject matter thereof all on the terms and conditions set forth herein.


Accordingly, in consideration of the mutual promises made herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:


1.  Purpose: This agreement applies specifically to:


(i)

the termination of the Original Finder Agreement;


(ii)

compensation related to the relationship between Client and Fusion Capital Partners, LLC (“Fusion”), which was introduced previously by Finder to Client;  


(iii)

Finder’s engagement, on a non-exclusive basis, by Client, to obtain financing from various other funding resources that Finder has association or relationships with to be used for various Companies controlled by or affiliated with Client (collectively, an “Affiliated Company”).


2.  Term: The term of this Restated Agreement shall be for a period of 48 calendar months commencing on the date hereof and terminating on August 1, 2009 (the “Engagement Term”). Except as otherwise specified in Section 4 hereof, any funding resource introduced by Finder to Client or to an Affiliated Company, without a previous relationship having existed between and/or among Client, Affiliated Company and such funding resource, shall be protected as to payment of fees under this Restated Agreement.


3.  Duties of Finder:  During the term of this Restated Agreement, Finder and Finder’s affiliates shall seek to provide introductions to various funds resources and institutions that may have interest in providing Client or the various Companies controlled by or affiliated with Client with various forms of financing.  Finder shall not be obligated to spend any specific amount of time in so doing.  It is agreed and understood that Client may accept or reject any proposed funding source or financing, in its sole discretion, for any reason or no reason whatsoever.


4.  Compensation:  (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 (d) hereof, upon Client’s, or an Affiliated Company’s obtainment of financing from Fusion during the period commencing on the date hereof and continuing until the 4th anniversary date of this Restated Agreement (the “Compensation Term”), Client shall be obligated to pay Finder a diligence fee of 3% of all funds initially and subsequently actually obtained and received by Client (or any such Affiliated Company) from Fusion.   Any fee due and payable hereunder will be paid in arrears, on a monthly basis, based on the actual funds received from Fusion during the prior 30 day period. Client agrees to provide Finder full disclosure of all Fusion stock purchases each month at Finder’s request. No fee is due and payable with respect to amounts received from Fusion, and any financing arrangement entered into with Fusion, after the Compensation Term.


(b) In addition, and subject to Section 4(d) hereof, Finder shall be issued a one time warrant compensation for 200,000 warrants exercisable  over a 4 year term at a fixed price of  110% of the current share price (for example if the shares were trading at $1.00 per share, then warrants would be exercisable at $1.10 per share) based on the average of the closing price per share for the 5 trading days immediately prior to the original filing date of the registration statement for the Fusion capital investment. Finder’s will have piggy back registration rights exclusive, however, of any registration statement filed in connection with any financing arrangement entered into between or among, Client, an Affiliated Company and Fusion, or any registration statement filed on Form S-8 and S-4.


(c) There are no additional fees or compensation beyond these fees and warrants outlined.  Fees for any additional funding resources will be negotiated separate and apart from this Restated Agreement and will be reflected in a separate written agreement.


(d) Finder has represented to Client that it is not a registered broker/dealer.  Accordingly, no fee due and payable under this Restated Agreement to Finder shall actually be paid unless and until Finder can reasonably demonstrate that it or an entity affiliated with the principals of Finder is a registered broker dealer (a “Registered Entity”) or otherwise lawfully entitled to receive such fee(s) in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws.  If such fee is to be paid to an entity other than a Registered Entity, Client, in its sole discretion, may require Finder to deliver to Client an opinion of counsel, reasonably satisfactory to Client, to the affect that the payment of such fee will not constitute a violation of the Securities Laws and that no third party rights or claims against Client may arise from such payment.  If Finder has not complied with the conditions of this Section 4(d) on or prior to the expiration of the Engagement Term, all fees due Finder hereunder shall be forfeited as of such date, and Finder shall not be entitled to any compensation whatsoever hereunder.


5.  Finder Introductions and Meeting Coordination:   The Client acknowledges that all introductions and meeting coordination (written or oral) provided by Finder to the Client or its named affiliates in connection with Finder’s engagement are intended solely for the benefit and use of the Client or its named affiliates in considering the transaction to which they relate, and the Client agrees that no person or Affiliated Company shall be entitled to make use of the introductions provided by Finder hereunder.  Company shall not make any public references to Finder, or use the Finder’s name in any annual reports or any reports or public releases of the Client, or Affiliated Company without Finder’s prior written consent.


6.  Confidentiality:    Finder will hold in confidence any confidential information which the Client or an Affiliated Company provide to Finder pursuant to this Agreement which is designated by an appropriate stamp or legend as being confidential.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Finder shall not be required to maintain confidentiality with respect to information (i) which is or becomes part of the public domain not due to the breach of this Agreement by Finder, (ii) of which it had independent knowledge prior to disclosure, (iii) which comes into the possession of Finder in the normal and routine course of its own business from and through independent non-confidential sources; or (iv) which is required to be disclosed by Finder by laws, rules or regulators.  If Finder is requested or required to disclose any confidential information supplied to it by the Client or one or more or Affiliated Company, Finder shall, unless prohibited by law, promptly notify the Client and any such Affiliated Company of such request(s) so that the Client and/or any such Affiliated Company may seek an appropriate protective order.


The Client acknowledges that all introductions (written or oral) provided by Finder to Client or an Affiliated Company in connection with Finder’s engagement are intended solely for the benefit and use of the Client or an Affiliated Company in considering the transaction to which they relate, and the Client agrees that no person or entity other than the Client or  an Affiliated Company, shall be entitled to make use of the introductions to be given hereunder, and no such related information shall be used for any other purpose or reproduced, disseminated, quoted or referred to at any time, in any manner or for any purpose without Finder’s  prior written consent.


7. Finder’s Services to Others:  The Client acknowledges that Finder or its affiliates are in the business of providing funding resource introductions to others.  Nothing herein contained shall be construed to limit or restrict Finder in conducting such business with others.


8.  Company Information:   Finder shall rely on Client to check properly beforehand that any information supplied to an introduced funding resource be true, fair and accurate and not misleading.  This includes checking any expressions of opinion and any possible omissions.  Before sending any business plan or financial data to potential funding sources, Finder shall require Client’s confirmation that any information contained within the submitted documentation is accurate and not misleading and that nothing likely to be material has been omitted.  If, during the Engagement Period, Client subsequently discovers something which renders any such information inaccurate, incomplete or misleading, Client shall notify Finder immediately.



9.  Termination of the Original Finder Agreement And Mutual Releases.


(a) The Original Finder Agreement is terminated, and deemed null and void, as of August 1, 2005.


(b) Finder individually and on behalf of its successors and assigns, does hereby fully release, remise and forever discharge Client and any Affiliated Company and their respective officers, directors, shareholders, employees, subsidiaries, attorneys, representatives and agents from any and all debts, obligations, liabilities, accountings, promises, covenants, agreements, contracts, controversies, suits, actions, causes of actions, judgments, damages, claims, demands, in law or in equity, which Finder ever had, now has, or hereafter can, shall or may have against them for, upon or by reason of any matter, cause or thing whatsoever, from the beginning of the world to the date hereof, including all claims for any share of income, any return of capital or any compensation for services from any of such parties arising from or otherwise related to the Original Finder Agreement.


(c) Client (or any Affiliated Company) individually and on behalf of its successors and assigns, does hereby fully release, remise and forever discharge Finder and their respective officers, directors, shareholders, employees, subsidiaries, attorneys, representatives and agents from any and all debts, obligations, liabilities, accountings, promises, covenants, agreements, contracts, controversies, suits, actions, causes of actions, judgments, damages, claims, demands, in law or in equity, which Finder ever had, now has, or hereafter can, shall or may have against them for, upon or by reason of any matter, cause or thing whatsoever, from the beginning of the world to the date hereof, including all claims for any share of income, any return of capital or any compensation for services from any of such parties arising from or otherwise related to the Original Finder Agreement.


(d)

The releases set forth in this Restated Agreement are intended by the parties to release all claims, whether known, unknown, foreseen, unforeseen, patent or latent, which one party may have against the other as of the date of this Restated Agreement.  Each party understands and acknowledges the significance and consequence of such specific intention to release all claims related to the Original Finder Agreement.  


10.  Indemnification:  (a)The Client (or an Affiliated Company) as the case may be, severally and not jointly, agree to indemnify and hold harmless Finder, its employees, agents, representatives and controlling persons from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, suits, actions, proceedings, costs and expenses (collectively, “Damages”), including, without limitation, reasonable attorney fees and expenses, as and when incurred, if such Damages were directly or indirectly caused by, relating to, based upon or arising out of the rendering by Finder of services pursuant to this Agreement, so long as Finder shall not have engaged in intentional or willful misconduct, or shall have acted grossly negligently in connection with the services provided which form the basis of the claim for indemnification.  This paragraph shall remain in effect during the Compensation Term of this Restated Agreement.


(b) Finder agrees to agree to indemnify and hold harmless Client (or Affiliated Company) as the case may be, and their respective employees, agents, representatives and controlling persons from and against any and all Damages, including, without limitation, reasonable attorney fees and expenses, as and when incurred, if such Damages were directly or indirectly caused by, relating to, based upon or arising out of the rendering by Finder of services pursuant to this Restated Agreement. This paragraph shall remain in effect during the Compensation Term of this Restated Agreement.


10.  Employment:  Finder shall perform its services hereunder as an independent contractor and not as an employee, agent or an affiliate of the Client or Affiliated Company.  Finder shall have no authority to act on behalf of, represent or bind the Client or Affiliated Company in any manner, except as may be expressly agreed to by the Client or the various Companies controlled by or affiliated with Client in writing from time to time.


11.  Claims Under This Agreement:  Any claim or controversy arising out of or related to this agreement or breach thereof, which cannot be reconciled by the parties herein shall be subject to mediation, and if no resolution is reached, then the dispute will be subject to binding arbitration in the city of San Francisco in the state of California.  Such arbitration shall be conducted by the American Arbitration Association, by a three member panel.  Judgment rendered by the arbitrator(s) may be entered in a court having jurisdiction thereof.

 

12.  Notices:  Any notice required to be served herein may be done by registered mail to the address first listed above or to any future address designated by either party, and shall be deemed to be delivered as of the date of mailing of such notice.


13.  Authorization: The parties hereby acknowledge that they are authorized to commit themselves and/or their corporation, partnership or group to the terms of this agreement and do attest that there are no contracts, agreements, understandings or otherwise, either written or oral, that will make this Agreement void or unenforceable.


14.  Assignment:  If any party shall transfer his business to another entity, such transfer shall include the transfer of this agreement which shall remain in full force and effect.  Finder shall have the right to transfer their interest to one or more entities in which they are principals of.


15.  Miscellaneous:


(1)  This Agreement between Finder and Client constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties hereto, and supersedes any and all previous agreements and understandings, whether oral or written, including, but not limited to the Original Finder Agreement, between the parties with respect to the matters set forth herein.


(2) The invalidity of any clause of this document shall not affect the enforceability of the balance of this agreement, and the contract shall be read as if such clause was not included herein.


(3) This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which together shall constitute one and the same original document.


(4)  No provision of this Agreement may be amended, modified or waived, except in a writing signed by all of the parties hereto.  


16.   Facsimile:   Should this Agreement be transmitted by facsimile, the facsimile document or copy thereof shall be considered as an original document, both binding and enforceable.


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed, as of the day and year first above written.



Pacific Capsource, Inc.

Phytomedical Technologies, Inc.



By: /s/ Gary Little

   

By: /s/ Harmel S. Rayat

Name: Gary Little

Name:  Harmel S. Rayat

Title:

Title:

 Director









Exhibit 23.1



Consent of Sierchio Greco & Greco, LLP


(Included in Exhibit 5 hereto)




Exhibit 23.2



Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated March 15, 2005, in the Registration Statement and the related Prospectus of PhytoMedical Technologies, Inc. for the registration of up to 10,863,724 shares of its common stock.






/s/ Moore Stephens Ellis Foster Ltd.

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Chartered Accountants

August 16, 2005