EXHIBIT 1

JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

Pursuant to Rule 13d-1(k)(1)(iii) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the undersigned hereby agree that the Schedule 13D to which this Joint Filing Agreement is being filed as an exhibit shall be a joint statement filed on behalf of each of the undersigned.

Date: December 2, 2005
AUGUSTINE FUND, L.P.
By: Augustine Capital Management LLC, Its General Partner
By:	/s/ John T. Porter
	John T. Porter, President
AUGUSTINE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
By:	/s/ John T. Porter
	John T. Porter, President
/s/ John T. Porter
JOHN T. PORTER, individually
/s/ Brian D. Porter
BRIAN D. PORTER, individually
/s/ Thomas F. Duszynski
THOMAS F. DUSZYNSKI, individually
PAC FUNDING LLC
By: Augustine Capital Management LLC, its Manager
By:	/s/ John T. Porter
	John T. Porter, President

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