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EQUITY
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Equity [abstract]  
EQUITY EQUITY
Equity consists of the following:
AS AT DEC. 31 (MILLIONS) Note20202019
Preferred equity (a)$4,145 $4,145 
Non-controlling interests(b)86,804 81,833 
Common equity (c)31,693 30,868 
$122,642 $116,846 
a)    Preferred Equity
Preferred equity includes perpetual preferred shares and rate-reset preferred shares and consists of the following:
Average Rate
AS AT DEC. 31 (MILLIONS)2020201920202019
Perpetual preferred shares
Floating rate1.76 %2.91 %$531 $531 
Fixed rate4.82 %4.82 %739 739 
3.54 %4.02 %1,270 1,270 
Fixed rate-reset preferred shares4.07 %4.28 %2,875 2,875 
3.91 %4.20 %$4,145 $4,145 
Further details on each series of preferred shares are as follows:
Issued and Outstanding
AS AT DEC. 31 (MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE INFORMATION)Rate2020201920202019
Class A preferred shares
Perpetual preferred shares
Series 2
70% P
10,457,685 10,457,685 $169 $169 
Series 4
70% P/8.5%
2,795,910 2,795,910 45 45 
Series 8 Variable up to P 2,476,185 2,476,185 42 42 
Series 13
70% P
9,290,096 9,290,096 195 195 
Series 15
B.A. + 40 b.p.
2,000,000 2,000,000 42 42 
Series 174.75 %7,840,204 7,840,204 171 171 
Series 18 4.75 %7,866,749 7,866,749 178 178 
Series 25
3-Month T-Bill + 230 b.p.
1,529,133 1,529,133 38 38 
Series 364.85 %7,842,909 7,842,909 197 197 
Series 374.90 %7,830,091 7,830,091 193 193 
1,270 1,270 
Rate-reset preferred shares2
Series 92.75 %1,515,981 1,515,981 21 21 
Series 243.01 %9,278,894 9,278,894 227 227 
Series 263.47 %9,770,928 9,770,928 240 240 
Series 282.73 %9,233,927 9,233,927 232 232 
Series 30 4.69 %9,787,090 9,787,090 241 241 
Series 325.06 %11,750,299 11,750,299 297 297 
Series 343
4.44 %9,876,735 9,876,735 253 253 
Series 384
3.57 %7,906,132 7,906,132 179 179 
Series 405
4.03 %11,841,025 11,841,025 271 271 
Series 426
3.25 %11,887,500 11,887,500 266 266 
Series 445.00 %9,831,929 9,831,929 187 187 
Series 464.80 %11,740,797 11,740,797 217 217 
Series 484.75 %11,885,972 11,885,972 244 244 
2,875 2,875 
Total$4,145 $4,145 
1.Rate determined quarterly.
2.Dividend rates are fixed for 5 to 6 years from the quarter end dates after issuance, June 30, 2011, March 31, 2012, June 30, 2012, December 31, 2012, September 30, 2013, March 31, 2014, June 30, 2014, December 31, 2014, December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2017, respectively and reset after 5 to 6 years to the 5-year Government of Canada bond rate plus between 180 and 417 basis points.
3.Dividend rate reset commenced March 31, 2019.
4.Dividend rate reset commenced March 31, 2020.
5.Dividend rate reset commenced September 30, 2019.
6.Dividend rate reset commenced June 30, 2020.
P – Prime Rate, B.A. – Bankers’ Acceptance Rate, b.p. – Basis Points.
The company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Class A preferred shares and an unlimited number of Class AA preferred shares, issuable in series. No Class AA preferred shares have been issued.
The Class A preferred shares are entitled to preference over the Class A and Class B Limited Voting Shares (“Class A and B shares”) on the declaration of dividends and other distributions to shareholders. All series of the outstanding preferred shares have a par value of C$25.00 per share.
b)    Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests represent the common and preferred equity in consolidated entities that are owned by other shareholders.
AS AT DEC. 31 (MILLIONS)20202019
Common equity$80,915 $76,557 
Preferred equity5,889 5,276 
Total$86,804 $81,833 
Further information on non-controlling interests is provided in Note 4 – Subsidiaries.
c)    Common Equity
The company’s common equity is comprised of the following:
AS AT DEC. 31 (MILLIONS)20202019
Common shares$7,368 $7,305 
Contributed surplus285 286 
Retained earnings15,178 16,026 
Ownership changes2,691 1,010 
Accumulated other comprehensive income6,171 6,241 
Common equity$31,693 $30,868 
The company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Class A Limited Voting Shares ("Class A shares") and 85,120 Class B Limited Voting Shares ("Class B shares"). The company’s Class A shares and Class B shares have no stated par value. The holders of Class A shares and Class B shares rank on par with each other with respect to the payment of dividends and the return of capital on the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the company or any other distribution of the assets of the company among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs. Holders of the Class A shares are entitled to elect half of the Board of Directors of the company and holders of the Class B shares are entitled to elect the other half of the Board of Directors. With respect to the Class A and Class B shares, there are no dilutive factors, material or otherwise, that would result in different diluted earnings per share between the classes. This relationship holds true irrespective of the number of dilutive instruments issued in either one of the respective classes of Class A and Class B shares, as both classes of shares participate equally, on a pro rata basis, in the dividends, earnings and net assets of the company, whether taken before or after dilutive instruments, regardless of which class of shares is diluted.
On April 1, 2020, the company completed a three-for-two stock split of the company’s outstanding Class A shares. All share count and per share disclosure are presented on a post-split basis.
The holders of the company’s Class A shares and Class B shares received cash dividends during 2020 of $0.48 per share (2019 – $0.43 per share).
The number of issued and outstanding Class A and Class B shares and unexercised options are as follows:
AS AT DEC. 312020
20191
Class A shares2
1,510,635,291 1,509,208,521 
Class B shares85,120 85,120 
Shares outstanding2
1,510,720,411 1,509,293,641 
Unexercised options and other share-based plans3
62,975,947 70,018,161 
Total diluted shares1,573,696,358 1,579,311,802 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
2.Net of 64,197,815 Class A shares held by the company in respect of long-term compensation agreements as at December 31, 2020 (December 31, 2019 – 63,417,346).
3.Includes management share option plan and escrowed stock plan.
The authorized common share capital consists of an unlimited number of Class A shares and 85,120 Class B shares. Shares issued and outstanding changed as follows:
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31
20201
20191
Outstanding, beginning of year2
1,509,293,641 1,432,714,261 
Issued (repurchased)
Issuances
— 79,136,155 
Repurchases
(8,932,576)(10,782,801)
Long-term share ownership plans3
10,137,294 8,019,626 
Dividend reinvestment plan and others
222,052 206,400 
Outstanding, end of year4
1,510,720,411 1,509,293,641 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
2.Net of 63,417,346 Class A shares held by the company in respect of long-term compensation agreements as at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018 – 56,307,796).
3.Includes management share option plan and restricted stock plan.
4.Net of 64,197,815 Class A shares held by the company in respect of long-term compensation agreements as at December 31, 2020 (December 31, 2019 – 63,417,346).
Earnings Per Share
The components of basic and diluted earnings per share are summarized in the following table:
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 (MILLIONS)20202019
Net (loss) income attributable to shareholders$(134)$2,807 
Preferred share dividends(141)(152)
Dilutive effect of conversion of subsidiary preferred shares93 (74)
Net (loss) income available to shareholders$(182)$2,581 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 (MILLIONS)2020
20191
Weighted average – Class A and Class B shares1,511.4 1,452.9 
Dilutive effect of the conversion of options and escrowed shares using treasury stock method
— 35.5 
Class A and Class B shares and share equivalents1,511.4 1,488.4 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
Share-Based Compensation
The expense recognized for share-based compensation is summarized in the following table:
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 (MILLIONS)20202019
Expense arising from equity-settled share-based payment transactions$89 $81 
Expense arising from cash-settled share-based payment transactions104 506 
Total expense arising from share-based payment transactions193 587 
Effect of hedging program(99)(500)
Total expense included in consolidated income$94 $87 

The share-based payment plans are described below. There were no cancellations of or modifications to any of the plans during 2020 and 2019.
Equity-settled Share-based Awards
Management Share Option Plan
Options issued under the company’s Management Share Option Plan (“MSOP”) vest over a period of up to five years, expire 10 years after the grant date and are settled through issuance of Class A shares. The exercise price is equal to the market price at the grant date. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the total expense incurred with respect to MSOP totaled $24 million (2019 – $31 million).
The changes in the number of options during 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
TSXNYSE
Number of Options (000’s)1
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Number of Options (000’s)2
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as at January 1, 2020— C$— 50,703 US$22.69 
Granted — — 3,341 45.21 
Exercised— — (6,382)16.50 
Cancelled — — (295)27.80 
Outstanding as at December 31, 2020— C$— 47,367 US$25.08 
1.Options to acquire TSX listed Class A shares.
2.Options to acquire NYSE listed Class A shares.
TSXNYSE
Number of Options (000’s)2
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Number of Options (000’s)3
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as at January 1, 20191
1,185 C$7.84 55,113 US$19.68 
Granted1
— — 7,616 30.42 
Exercised1
(1,185)7.84 (11,747)13.50 
Cancelled1
— — (279)26.68 
Outstanding as at December 31, 20191
— C$— 50,703 US$22.69 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
2.Options to acquire TSX listed Class A shares.
3.Options to acquire NYSE listed Class A shares.
The weighted-average fair value of options granted for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $5.54 (2019 – $3.92), and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31Unit2020
20191
Weighted-average share priceUS$45.21 30.42 
Average term to exerciseYears7.5 7.5 
Share price volatility2
%17.0 16.9 
Liquidity discount%25.0 25.0 
Weighted-average annual dividend yield%1.5 2.0 
Risk-free rate%1.4 2.5 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
2.Share price volatility was determined based on historical share prices over a similar period to the average term to exercise.
At December 31, 2020, the following options to purchase Class A shares were outstanding:
Options Outstanding (000’s)
Exercise PriceWeighted-Average Remaining LifeVestedUnvestedTotal
US$10.30 – US$15.35
1.0 years
2,254 — 2,254 
US$15.58 – US$20.39
3.8 years11,860 1,131 12,991 
US$22.50 – US$26.93
5.9 years14,280 7,010 21,290 
US$29.48 – US$38.64
8.2 years1,833 5,672 7,505 
US$45.21
9.2 years— 3,327 3,327 
30,227 17,140 47,367 

At December 31, 2019, the following options to purchase Class A shares were outstanding:
Options Outstanding (000’s)1
Exercise Price1
Weighted-Average Remaining LifeVestedUnvestedTotal
US$10.30 – US$15.35
1.6 years5,619 — 5,619 
US$15.58 – US$20.39
4.7 years12,523 2,313 14,836 
US$22.50 – US$26.93
6.8 years11,371 11,271 22,642 
US$29.48 – US$38.64
9.2 years613 6,993 7,606 
30,126 20,577 50,703 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
Escrowed Stock Plan
The Escrowed Stock Plan (the “ES Plan”) provides executives with indirect ownership of Class A shares. Under the ES Plan, executives are granted common shares (the “ES Shares”) in one or more private companies that own Class A shares. The Class A shares are purchased on the open market with the purchase cost funded by the company. The ES shares generally vest over five years and must be held to the fifth anniversary of the grant date. At a date no more than ten years from the grant date, all outstanding ES shares will be exchanged for Class A shares issued by the company based on the market value of Class A shares at the time of the exchange. The number of Class A shares issued on exchange will be less than the Class A shares purchased under the ES Plan resulting in a net reduction in the number of Class A shares issued by the company.
During 2020, 3.8 million Class A shares were purchased in respect of ES shares granted to executives under the ES Plan (2019 – $16.0 million Class A shares) during the year. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the total expense incurred with respect to the ES Plan totaled $35 million (2019 – $25 million).
The weighted-average fair value of escrowed shares granted for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $5.54 (2019 – $4.54), and was determined using the Black-Scholes model of valuation with inputs to the model as follows:
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31Unit2020
20191
Weighted-average share priceUS$45.21 34.08 
Average term to exerciseYears7.5 8.5 
Share price volatility2
%17.0 17.3 
Liquidity discount%25.0 25.0 
Weighted-average annual dividend yield%1.5 1.8 
Risk-free rate%1.4 2.1 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
2.Share price volatility was determined based on historical share prices over a similar period to the average term to exercise.
The change in the number of ES shares during 2020 and 2019 was as follows:
Number of
Units (000’s)		Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 202054,791 $25.82 
Granted3,841 45.21 
Exercised(11,613)19.66 
Cancelled(303)35.85 
Outstanding at December 31, 202046,716 $28.88 
Number of
Units (000’s)		Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 20191
40,655 $22.18 
Granted1
15,975 34.08 
Exercised1
(1,613)15.77 
Cancelled1
(226)$26.32 
Outstanding at December 31, 20191
54,791 25.82
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
Restricted Stock Plan
The Restricted Stock Plan awards executives with Class A shares purchased on the open market (“Restricted Shares”). Under the Restricted Stock Plan, Restricted Shares awarded vest over a period of up to five years, except for Restricted Shares awarded in lieu of a cash bonus, which may vest immediately. Vested and unvested Restricted Shares are subject to a hold period of up to five years. Holders of Restricted Shares are entitled to vote Restricted Shares and to receive associated dividends. Employee compensation expense for the Restricted Stock Plan is charged against income over the vesting period.
During 2020, Brookfield granted 1.0 million Class A shares (2019 – 1.2 million) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Restricted Stock Plan, resulting in the recognition of $30 million (2019 – $25 million) of compensation expense.
Cash-settled Share-based Awards
Deferred Share Unit Plan and Restricted Share Unit Plan
The Deferred Share Unit Plan and Restricted Share Unit Plan provide for the issuance of DSUs and RSUs, respectively. Under these plans, qualifying employees and directors receive varying percentages of their annual incentive bonus or directors’ fees in the form of DSUs and RSUs. The DSUs and RSUs vest over periods of up to five years, and DSUs accumulate additional DSUs at the same rate as dividends on common shares based on the market value of the common shares at the time of the dividend. Participants are not allowed to convert DSUs and RSUs into cash until retirement or cessation of employment.
The value of the DSUs, when converted to cash, will be equivalent to the market value of the common shares at the time the conversion takes place. The value of the RSUs, when converted into cash, will be equivalent to the difference between the market price of equivalent number of common shares at the time the conversion takes place and the market price on the date the RSUs are granted. The company uses equity derivative contracts to offset its exposure to the change in share prices in respect of vested and unvested DSUs and RSUs. The fair value of the vested DSUs and RSUs as at December 31, 2020 was $1.3 billion (2019 – $1.4 billion).
Employee compensation expense for these plans is charged against income over the vesting period of the DSUs and RSUs. The amount payable by the company in respect of vested DSUs and RSUs changes as a result of dividends and share price movements. All of the amounts attributable to changes in the amounts payable by the company are recorded as employee compensation expense in the period of the change. For the year ended December 31, 2020, employee compensation expense totaled $5 million (2019 – $7 million), net of the impact of hedging arrangements.
The change in the number of DSUs and RSUs during 2020 and 2019 was as follows:
DSUsRSUs
Number
of Units
(000’s)		Number
of Units
(000’s)		Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 202021,204 15,810 C$6.14 
Granted and reinvested 623 — — 
Exercised and cancelled (3,106)(2,131)6.35 
Outstanding at December 31, 202018,721 13,679 C$6.10 
DSUsRSUs
Number
of Units
(000’s)		Number
of Units
(000’s)		Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 20191
21,956 15,810 C$6.14 
Granted and reinvested1
799 — — 
Exercised and cancelled1
(1,551)— — 
Outstanding at December 31, 20191
21,204 15,810 C$6.14 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
The fair value of each DSU is equal to the traded price of the company’s common shares.
UnitDec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 20191
Share price on date of measurementC$52.62 50.02 
Share price on date of measurementUS$41.27 38.53 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.
The fair value of RSUs was determined primarily using the following inputs:
UnitDec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 20191
Share price on date of measurementC$52.62 50.02 
Weighted-average fair value of a unitC$46.52 43.88 
1.Adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock split effective on April 1, 2020.