EX-99.2 4 t09885exv99w2.htm MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS exv99w2
 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Results

     Brascan’s business strategy is to own, manage and build businesses which generate sustainable free cash flows. Our current operations are largely in the real estate, power generating and financial sectors. Our goal is to build long-term shareholder value by investing in high quality assets at attractive values, by actively working to increase returns on capital invested in these assets, and by continuously pursuing new opportunities for future growth.

     We own and operate our businesses directly as well as through partially owned companies and joint venture partnerships. While we would prefer to own 100% of our operating businesses, and we aim to ultimately do so, there are circumstances when it is beneficial to operate through partially owned companies and partnerships. In recent years we have increased the ownership level of both our power generating and financial services businesses to 100% and increased the ownership of our real estate property business above 50% on a fully diluted basis. Accordingly, we have presented the results of these operations in this section on a fully consolidated basis for each of the past three years to provide fully comparable results.

     Headquartered in Toronto, Canada with offices in New York, Brascan is an international company with most of its revenues denominated in US dollars. The company’s common shares are listed on the New York, Toronto and Brussels stock exchanges. Financial results have historically been reported in Canadian dollars, although we plan to adopt the US dollar as our reporting currency in early 2003.

     This discussion and analysis contains cash flow and valuation information based on estimates which we believe are appropriate. The nature and form of the information presented is also intended to enable shareholders, investors and analysts to conduct their own assessment of the company’s performance and underlying value, utilizing their own valuation metrics.

Financial Profile

     Brascan’s consolidated assets totalled $22.8 billion as at December 31, 2002 on a book value basis, compared with $21.9 billion at the end of the preceding year. The underlying value of these assets at the end of 2002, based on the methodology and assumptions contained in this analysis, totalled $28.8 billion. For reporting purposes, Brascan segregates its assets into operating assets, financial and working capital balances, and investments in the resource sector.

     Operating assets represent the assets employed in our real estate, power generating and financial businesses, together with assets under development in each of those sectors. These assets represent 81% of our total assets on an underlying value basis and generated approximately 87% of our operating cash flows during 2002.

     Our operating businesses generate sustainable, low risk, growing streams of cash flow. Relatively low sustaining capital investment is required to maintain these operations, and the values of the assets held by these businesses typically appreciate as the associated cash flow streams grow, rather than depreciate over time as is common with many operating assets. As a result, we believe that the majority of the company’s operating assets are most appropriately valued on a discounted cash flow basis or a cash flow multiple basis.

     Commercial property assets are principally premier quality office properties located in major North American cities; power generating plants are predominantly hydroelectric power generating facilities located on North American river systems; financial services assets represent investment and other assets owned as part of our financial services business, which is focussed primarily on asset management, client services, capital market activities and merchant banking; and residential property assets represent building lots and houses under construction in master-planned communities.

“Our focus on increasing operating cash flows and underlying shareholder value continued to deliver results, despite a weaker economy”
Bruce Flatt

CASH RETURN ON EQUITY

(CASH RETURN ON EQUITY BAR CHART)

21


 

     Assets under development include properties under development in our commercial and residential property operations as well as our power generating business. Although these assets currently generate minimal cash flow, we expect that they will generate superior levels of cash flow as they are completed. They represent an important component of our strategy to continuously upgrade the quality of our businesses and enhance cash flows from operations.

     Our two resource investments, Noranda Inc. (“Noranda”) and Nexfor Inc. (“Nexfor”), contributed $100 million of dividend income and, when valued based on their December 31, 2002 stock market prices, represent 6% of the underlying value of our total assets. Given that prices for many of the products produced by these two companies are at cyclical lows, we believe that their values will increase as demand for their products recovers.

     We finance our operations through diversified sources of capital. Attractive low-risk financial leverage for common shares is achieved through the use of property specific mortgages that have no recourse to Brascan and the issuance of low-rate permanent non-participating securities such as preferred shares.

Basis of Presentation

     Our annual report this year contains two sets of financial statements: audited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and pro forma consolidated financial statements. The GAAP financial statements are presented together with the report of the independent external auditor beginning on page 60. These financial statements include the results of Brookfield Properties Corporation (“Brookfield Properties”) on a consolidated basis from December 31, 2001 onward and as an equity accounted investment prior to that date, whereas the pro forma financial statements consolidate the results of Brookfield Properties during 2002, 2001 and 2000. We believe the pro forma presentation is relevant to readers because it provides financial information on a fully comparable basis.

     The financial information throughout much of this section is presented on a basis that reflects our real estate operations on a fully consolidated basis for each of the past three years. Accordingly, much of the information is drawn from the pro forma financial statements. It is important to note, however, that the basis of presentation for each set of financial statements is the same with respect to the consolidated balance sheet as at December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001 and the operating results for the year ended December 31, 2002. The 2001 and 2000 operating results differ in that the pro forma statements include Brookfield Properties on a consolidated basis, whereas the audited financial statements do not. Net income and net income per share are the same in both sets of financial statements.

     It is also important to note that we place considerable emphasis on cash flow from operations on an aggregate and per share basis. This is because, while cash flow is a non-GAAP measure, it is the key performance measure that we use in evaluating our operations and is an important factor in valuing our businesses and their underlying assets. We do, nonetheless, provide a specific discussion of net income and the two measures are reconciled within both sets of financial statements and within the related discussion beginning on page 49.

Performance Measurements

     As discussed above and in our message to shareholders, we are focussed principally on cash flow as a performance measurement. We have chosen this as a measure because it is tangible, reflects the value of our assets, and is utilized by analysts as a key measure in each of our operating sectors.

     We also measure performance in terms of the underlying value per share. Each year we evaluate the value added to the business through our various initiatives, and strive to increase the underlying value each year.

“Our goal is to be a leader in reporting financial results. We are working to ensure all our stakeholders know where we are heading and how we are doing.”
Brian Lawson

ASSET VALUE

(ASSET VALUE BAR CHART)

22


 

     Finally, while we recognize the value of debt in providing leverage to common share returns, we are committed to maintaining a strong financial position with a prudent amount of leverage.

     The following table summarizes our key performance measurements:

                                     
        Objective   2002   2001   2000
       
 
 
 
Operating Measures
                               
 
Operating cash flow per share
                               
   
Growth
    15 %     17 %     25 %     28 %
   
Return on equity
    20 %     16 %     13 %     11 %
Balance Sheet Measures
                               
 
Underlying value per share
                               
   
Growth, including dividends
    12 %     14 %     12 %     10 %
 
Debt to capitalization
                               
   
Excluding property specific mortgages
  30% to 40%     31 %     30 %     31 %
   
Corporate borrowings
  20% to 30%     20 %     17 %     19 %

Underlying Values and Cash Flows

     The following is a summarized statement of underlying values, book values and operating cash flows from our operations for the past three years:

                                                                     
        Underlying   Return on                                        
        Value   Assets(1)   Book Value   Operating Cash Flow
       
 
 
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   %   2002   2002   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
                                                               
 
Operating assets
                                                               
   
Commercial properties
    46 %   $ 13,150       11 %   $ 9,429     $ 9,580     $ 1,076     $ 1,087     $ 960  
   
Power generating operations
    12 %     3,480       12 %     2,338       1,600       240       142       123  
   
Financial operations
    9 %     2,562       15 %     2,099       1,597       268       256       222  
   
Residential properties
    5 %     1,328       15 %     1,028       1,110       166       140       118  
   
Assets under development
    9 %     2,631             2,231       1,631                    
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
    81 %     23,151       11 %     17,125       15,518       1,750       1,625       1,423  
Cash and financial assets
    6 %     1,659       7 %     1,659       1,966       120       131       133  
Investment in Noranda and Nexfor
    6 %     1,881       5 %     1,874       2,151       100       96       94  
Accounts receivable and other
    7 %     2,130       2 %     2,130       2,294       36       46       44  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
    100 %   $ 28,821       9 %   $ 22,788     $ 21,929     $ 2,006     $ 1,898     $ 1,694  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Liabilities
                                                               
 
Non-recourse borrowings
                                                               
   
Property specific mortgages
          $ 7,887       6 %   $ 7,887     $ 7,160     $ 467     $ 471     $ 400  
   
Other debt of subsidiaries
            2,950       5 %     2,950       3,161       167       198       193  
 
Corporate borrowings
            1,635       6 %     1,635       1,313       98       95       106  
 
Accounts and other payables
            1,994       5 %     1,994       1,718       88       79       84  
Shareholders’ interests
                                                               
 
Minority interests of others in assets
            3,859       16 %     2,301       2,720       411       391       348  
 
Preferred equity — corporate and subsidiaries
            1,859       6 %     1,859       1,596       109       106       111  
 
Common equity
            8,637       16 %     4,162       4,261       666       558       452  
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total shareholders’ interests
            14,355       14 %     8,322       8,577       1,186       1,055       911  
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
          $ 28,821       9 %   $ 22,788     $ 21,929     $ 2,006     $ 1,898     $ 1,694  
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Per common share
          $ 47.75       16 %   $ 23.46     $ 24.68     $ 3.74     $ 3.20     $ 2.55  
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
     
 


(1)  As a percentage of average book value

“We are making great strides in integrating the asset management model across our businesses to focus decision making
and create competitive advantages.”

George Myhal

OPERATING CASH FLOWS
(OPERATING CASH FLOWS PIE CHART)

23


 

The underlying value for a Brascan common share was $47.75 at December 31, 2002 compared with $42.90 at the end of 2001, representing an increase in value of 14% including dividend distributions.

The following table summarizes the significant contributions to the growth in value:

         
Underlying value, beginning of year
  $ 42.90  
 
   
 
Operating cash flow
    3.74  
Business initiatives undertaken during 2002
    2.37  
Dilution from privatization of financial business
    (0.91 )
Repurchase of common shares
    0.54  
Change in market value of resource investments
    (0.12 )
Other
    0.23  
 
   
 
Increase in underlying value during the year
    5.85  
Less: dividends paid
    (1.00 )
 
   
 
 
    4.85  
 
   
 
Underlying value, end of year
  $ 47.75  
 
   
 

The largest contribution to the growth in underlying value was the operating cash flow generated during the year. Business initiatives, in particular the expansion of our power generating operations and increased returns in our residential property business, added $2.37 per share. We did suffer dilution on the issuance of common shares in connection with the privatization of our financial business; however we believed that this was justified by the benefits of completely integrating this business. We were also able to mitigate some of this dilution through the repurchase of 7.1 million common shares during the course of the year.

Commercial Properties

Our commercial property portfolio is comprised largely of premier office properties located in six North American cities, with New York, Boston and Toronto accounting for 74% of the portfolio on a book value basis. In addition, we own properties in Brazil.

The composition of the company’s commercial property portfolio at the end of 2002 and 2001 was as follows:

                                                 
  Leasable Area   Book Value   Operating Cash Flow(1)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31  
 
 
REGION   2002   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
    (000’S SQ. FT.)   (US$ MILLIONS)   (US$ MILLIONS)
             
New York, New York
    10,113     $ 3,295     $ 3,203     $ 339     $ 329     $ 313  
Toronto, Ontario
    6,883       778       737       65       64       57  
Boston, Massachusetts
    2,163       332       332       32       30       28  
Denver, Colorado
    3,017       354       357       36       35       32  
Calgary, Alberta
    7,570       380       520       37       34       29  
Minneapolis, Minnesota
    3,008       393       391       28       29       28  
Other North America
    1,515       129       209       48       34       19  
Brazil
    2,216       307       276       26       29       33  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
    36,485       5,968       6,025       611       584       539  
Operating income from properties sold
                      15       62       86  
Lease termination income and property gains
                      60       55       19  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total US$
    36,485     $ 5,968     $ 6,025     $ 686     $ 701     $ 644  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total Cdn$
          $ 9,429     $ 9,580     $ 1,076     $ 1,087     $ 960  
 
           
     
     
     
     
 
Underlying value estimate
          $ 13,150     $ 13,200                          
 
           
     
                         


(1)  Commercial property revenue less operating costs

“We have benefitted significantly from the proactive leasing efforts of the last several years. Long-term leases with high quality tenants helps insulate us from economic turbulence.”

Ric Clark

COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES
— Operating Cash Flow by Region

(CHART: COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES)

24


 

     The book value of our portfolio declined during the year, principally as a result of the sale of 50% interests in properties located in Toronto and Calgary for proceeds of US$290 million. These transactions resulted in gains of US$60 million, which are included in lease termination income and property gains.

     The underlying value of our commercial properties is based on a 7.75% capitalization rate applied to estimated 2003 net operating income, prior to lease termination income and other property gains, which is projected to be US$645 million. This represents a 5.6% increase over the US$611 million earned in 2002 on current properties owned. The capitalization rate is unchanged from that utilized at the end of 2001, although we have sold properties at higher valuations over the past 12 months.

     Commercial property operations contributed US$686 million (Cdn$1,076 million) of operating cash flow in 2002, similar to 2001 as a result of internal growth on current properties held, the rollover of below market leases and contractual increases embedded in leases, as well as the proactive renegotiation of leases prior to their maturity in order to capture termination income, property gains and higher rental rates.

Components of Operating Cash Flow

     The components of commercial property operating cash flow were as follows:

                         
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (US$ MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
Operating income from current properties
  $ 611     $ 584     $ 539  
Operating income from properties sold
    15       62       86  
 
   
     
     
 
 
    626       646       625  
Lease termination income and property gains
    60       55       19  
 
   
     
     
 
Operating cash flow — US$
  $ 686     $ 701     $ 644  
 
   
     
     
 
Operating cash flow — Cdn$
  $ 1,076     $ 1,087     $ 960  
 
   
     
     
 

     The components of the change in commercial property operating cash flow from year to year is broken down into contractual increases in rental rates, rollovers of rents, lease-up of vacancies, acquisitions and dispositions over the past three years as follows:

                           
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (US$ MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
Prior year’s net operating income before lease termination income and property gains
  $ 646     $ 625     $ 579  
Changes due to:
                       
 
(i)   Contractual increases on in-place leases
    17       13       16  
 
(ii)  Rental increases achieved on in-place rents on re-leasing
    8       17       13  
 
(iii) Lease-up of vacancies
    5       15       7  
 
(iv) Acquisitions and dispositions, net
    (50 )     (24 )     10  
 
   
     
     
 
 
    626       646       625  
 
(v)  Lease termination income and property gains
    60       55       19  
 
   
     
     
 
Current year operating cash flow — US$
  $ 686     $ 701     $ 644  
 
   
     
     
 
Current year operating cash flow — Cdn$
  $ 1,076     $ 1,087     $ 960  
 
   
     
     
 

(i) Contractual increases on in-place leases

     During 2002, contractual increases in leases added US$17 million to net operating income. This compares to a US$13 million increase in 2001 and US$16 million in 2000. Our leases typically have clauses which provide for the collection of rental revenues in amounts that increase every five years. Given the high credit quality of tenants in our buildings, there is generally lower risk in realizing these increases. It is our policy to record rental revenues in accordance with the actual payments received under the terms of our leases, which typically increase over time.

“Our active participation in the revitalization of Lower Manhattan strengthens our position
as a leading owner of premier New York office properties.”

John Zuccotti

COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES
— Income from Current Properties

Commercial Properties

25


 

(ii) Rental increases achieved on in-place rents on re-leasing

     During 2002, higher rental rates on the re-leasing of space in the portfolio contributed US$8 million of increased cash flow over 2001. At December 31, 2002, average in-place net rent throughout the portfolio was US$21 per square foot, unchanged from December 31, 2001 and higher than the US$19 per square foot in place at December 31, 2000. Despite challenging leasing environments in our major markets, the company was able to maintain its average in-place net rental rate, largely as a result of re-leasing initiatives which were completed at an average rental uplift of US$3 per square foot on space leased in 2001 and significant re-leasing initiatives in 2002 at equivalent rental rates. Average market rents declined by US$4 per square foot in 2002 due to combined pressure from sub-lease space and decreased tenant demand, primarily in Denver, New York and Boston. However, given the low expiry rate of leases in the next two years, this decrease in market rents will not have a substantial impact on net operating income in the short-term. The following table shows the average estimated in-place rents and current market rents for similar space and services in each of the company’s markets:

                                   
                   
AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2002   Leasable
Area(1)
  Average
Lease Term
  Average In-Place
Net Rent
  Average Market
Net Rent

 
 
 
 
      (000’S SQ. FT.)   (YEARS)   (US$ PER SQ. FT.)   (US$ PER SQ. FT.)  
                     
New York, New York
                               
 
Midtown
    1,693       14     $ 36     $ 55  
 
Downtown
    8,420       11       32       34  
Toronto, Ontario
    6,883       7       18       21  
Boston, Massachusetts
    2,163       5       30       40  
Denver, Colorado
    3,017       5       14       15  
Calgary, Alberta
    7,570       10       11       15  
Minneapolis, Minnesota
    3,008       5       11       11  
Other North America
    1,515       9       9       14  
Brazil
    2,216       5       45       50  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Average — US$
    36,485       10     $ 21     $ 25  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Average — Cdn$
    36,485       10     $ 33     $ 39  
 
   
     
     
     
 

(1)  Excludes development sites

     Average in-place and market rents are approximately 80% of average market rates, which should provide growth in cash flows as existing space is re-leased.

(iii) Lease-up of vacancies

     A total of approximately 270,000 net square feet of vacant space was leased in 2002 and 2001, contributing US$5 million to net operating income during 2002. Contribution to growth from the leasing of vacant space was larger in 2001 because of vacancies leased in properties acquired in 2000. The company’s total portfolio occupancy rate at December 31, 2002 declined from 97% to 96%, primarily due to vacancy increases in New York, Boston, Denver, and Minneapolis. The leasing profile for 2002, 2001 and 2000 is shown in the following table:

                                                 
    2002   2001   2000
   
 
 
AS AT DECEMBER 31                        
THOUSANDS OF SQ. FT.   Leasable
Area(1)
  %
Leased
  Leasable
Area(1)
  %
Leased
  Leasable
Area(1)
  %
Leased

 
 
 
 
 
 
New York, New York
    10,113       98 %     10,113       100 %     9,846       100 %
Toronto, Ontario
    6,883       96 %     6,866       97 %     7,099       99 %
Boston, Massachusetts
    2,163       97 %     2,163       99 %     2,163       100 %
Denver, Colorado
    3,017       90 %     3,014       96 %     3,156       95 %
Calgary, Alberta
    7,570       97 %     6,330       96 %     6,471       94 %
Minneapolis, Minnesota
    3,008       85 %     3,008       95 %     3,008       96 %
Other North America
    1,515       97 %     3,171       94 %     5,157       95 %
Brazil
    2,216       92 %     1,593       98 %     1,593       97 %
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
    36,485       96 %     36,258       97 %     38,493       97 %
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 

(1)  Excludes development sites

“We have one of the strongest lease profiles in North America with minimal lease expiries over the next few years.”
Steve Douglas

 

“The quality and location of our properties, when combined with disciplined cost management and customer services,
produces an important competitive edge.”

Jack Delmar

26


 

(iv) Acquisitions and dispositions, net

     The sale of properties reduced operating cash flow by US$50 million in 2002 and US$24 million in 2001. This compares with a net increase of US$10 million in 2000 due to properties acquired during that year. In 2002, we sold partial interests in properties located in Toronto and Calgary, following the sale of partnership interests in two Boston office properties during 2001. Other property sales in these two years included two other office buildings and non-core retail assets primarily in Canada. In 2002, we acquired 1.2 million vacant square feet located in Tower Three of our World Financial Center complex in New York City, which is included as an asset under development pending re-leasing of the property and tenant buildout of premises.

(v) Lease termination income and property gains

     During 2002, we generated US$60 million of gains on the sale of partial interests in office properties referred to above for proceeds of US$290 million. In 2001, the sale of a 49% interest in two Boston properties and a 50% interest in Fifth Avenue Place in Calgary resulted in gains of US$24 million and US$30 million, respectively. No gains on the sale of office properties were recorded in 2000. Lease termination payments were nil in 2002, compared to US$1 million in 2001 and US$19 million in 2000. While these types of payments are opportunistic and difficult to predict, the dynamic tenant base typical of our buildings should enable us to generate similar opportunities in the future.

Tenant Relationships and Lease Maturities

     An important characteristic of our tenant profile is its strong credit quality. Special attention is directed at our tenants’ credit quality in order to ensure the long-term sustainability of rental revenues through economic cycles. The tenant profile on average represents an “A” credit rating. Major tenants with over 400,000 square feet of space in the portfolio include Merrill Lynch, RBC Financial Group, CIBC, Petro-Canada, Imperial Oil and J.P. Morgan Chase.

     Where possible, we endeavour to sign long-term leases. Although each market is different, the majority of our leases have terms ranging from 10 to 20 years. As a result, the average amount of leasable area in the total portfolio maturing annually is less than 5% until 2005. In New York and Boston, where the 2002 to 2005 maturities were aggressively re-leased in 2000 and 2001, scheduled maturities during these three years combined represent less than 5% of our space in these markets. This is particularly important in downtown Manhattan where the portfolio has virtually no leases maturing until late 2005. Given the events of September 11, 2001 and the work required to rebuild transportation infrastructure in downtown Manhattan over the next 24 months, our proactive leasing program has benefitted the company substantially.

     The following is the breakdown of lease maturities by market:

                                                                                 
                                                                            Total
    Currently                                                           2010 &   Leasable
THOUSANDS OF SQ. FT.   Available   2003   2004   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   Beyond   Area(1)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New York, New York
    237       35       167       560       231       52       243       93       8,495       10,113  
Toronto, Ontario
    221       166       260       1,069       195       369       276       315       4,012       6,883  
Boston, Massachusetts
    48       26       86       226       587       60       376             754       2,163  
Denver, Colorado
    245       263       132       396       173       234       445       69       1,060       3,017  
Calgary, Alberta
    191       108       112       275       634       149       307       111       5,683       7,570  
Minneapolis, Minnesota
    386       376       195       50       482       72       68       91       1,288       3,008  
Other North America
    37       83       118       70       206       107       52       79       763       1,515  
Brazil
    177       132       104       131       596       118       27       263       668       2,216  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
    1,542       1,189       1,174       2,777       3,104       1,161       1,794       1,021       22,723       36,485  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
% of total
    4 %     3 %     3 %     8 %     9 %     3 %     5 %     3 %     62 %     100 %
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 

(1)  Excludes development sites

“At this stage of the business cycle, we are actively recycling capital from our mature long-term
leased office properties into higher return opportunities.”

David Arthur

COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES
— Lease Expiries

Commercial Properties

27


 

Power Generating Operations

Our power generating operations are predominantly hydroelectric facilities located on river systems in North America, many of which contain reservoirs that enable us to generate increased revenues through the sale of power during the peak periods of high demand. The composition of our power generating operations at December 31, 2002 and 2001 was as follows:

                                                         
    Capacity (MW)   Book Value   Operating Cash Flow  
   
 
 
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ontario, Canada
    939       451     $ 1,216     $ 769     $ 131     $ 84     $ 70  
Quebec, Canada
    266       266       429       442       63       45       47  
Northeast United States
    157             304             22              
Other North America
    274       274       389       389       24       13       6  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
    1,636       991     $ 2,338     $ 1,600     $ 240     $ 142     $ 123  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Underlying value estimate
                  $ 3,480     $ 2,416                          
 
                   
     
     

The book value of our power generating assets increased principally due to the acquisition during the year of additional operations totalling 645 megawatts (“MW”) for $650 million.

The underlying value of our power generating operations is based on a 12 times multiple of normalized net operating cash flows, assuming 10-year average precipitation levels and an average selling price of US3.5 cents per kilowatt hour (“KWh”).

Power generating operations contributed $240 million to operating cash flow in 2002, representing a significant increase over the $142 million and $123 million contributed in 2001 and 2000, respectively. The increase in operating cash flow is due to the acquisition of additional generating capacity during the year, a return to more normal water levels, operational improvements and higher electricity prices.

Power Generating Base

We own operating interests in 38 power generating stations with a combined generating capacity of 1,636 MW. All but one of these stations are hydroelectric facilities located on river systems in six geographic regions within North America, specifically Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, Maine, New Hampshire and Louisiana. We also own a 110 MW natural gas-fired combined cycle cogeneration facility located in northern Ontario. These facilities are capable of producing approximately 6,750 gigawatt hours (“GWh”) of electricity annually.

Our power operations are strategically located with transmission interconnections between Ontario and Quebec. Interconnections with adjacent US markets in Michigan and Maine are also planned. These interconnections allow us to sell surplus power into the highest-priced regions.

Brascan’s power generating operations are located on 14 river systems in nine different watersheds which provides important diversification of water flows to minimize the impact of fluctuating hydrology. Water storage reservoirs represent 25% of total generating capacity and provide additional protection against short-term changes in water supply and enable us to optimize selling prices by generating and selling power during higher-priced peak periods.

“Brascan was among the most active acquirers of high quality hydroelectric power generation assets in 2002, and we see a number of opportunities to maintain this momentum in the current year.”

Harry Goldgut

POWER GENERATION
— By Average Long-Term
   Generation (GWh)

(CHART: COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES)

28


 

     Our total power generation capacity is summarized in the following table:

                                           
                              Installed   Long-term Average
              Generating   Generating   Capacity   Generation (GWh)
      Ownership   Stations   Units   (MW)   2002
     
 
 
 
 
Ontario, Canada
                                       
 
Northern Ontario Power
    100 %     12       22       331       1,610  
 
Mississagi Power
    100 %     4       8       488       750  
 
Valerie Falls Power
    65 %     1       2       10       52  
 
Lake Superior Power — Cogen Plant
    100 %     1       3       110       850  
 
           
     
     
     
 
 
            18       35       939       3,262  
 
           
     
     
     
 
Quebec, Canada
                                       
 
Liévre River Power
    100 %     3       10       238       1,428  
 
Pontiac Power
    100 %     2       7       28       210  
 
           
     
     
     
 
 
            5       17       266       1,638  
 
           
     
     
     
 
Northeast United States
                                       
 
Maine Power
    100 %     6       31       126       730  
 
New Hampshire Power
    100 %     6       21       31       185  
 
           
     
     
     
 
 
            12       52       157       915  
 
           
     
     
     
 
Other North American Power Operations
                                       
 
Louisiana Hydro Electric Power
    75 %     1       8       192       677  
 
Powell River Energy
    50 %     2       7       82       261  
 
           
     
     
     
 
 
            3       15       274       938  
 
           
     
     
     
 
Total
            38       119       1,636       6,753  
 
           
     
     
     
 

     We are developing five hydroelectric power plants in Ontario, British Columbia and Brazil. These are included in assets under development as they are not yet at an operational stage. We are also examining a number of opportunities to acquire additional hydroelectric power plants in North America with the objective of continuing to expand our generating base.

Operating Margins

     Our power generating operations are among the lowest cost producers of electricity in North America, with cash operating costs of approximately one cent US per kilowatt hour. This compares favourably with other forms of power generation. Our low cost structure results from the high quality of our assets, the continued application of new technology and the recent re-turbining of many of our facilities. Our power plants are also environmentally preferable to most other forms of electricity generation and therefore receive favourable regulatory treatment.

     The revenue, costs and operating margins of our power generating operations are as follows:

                         
AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2002           Cash   Operating
US CENTS PER KWH   Revenue   Costs   Margins

 
 
 
Ontario, Canada
    3.5       1.1       2.4  
Quebec, Canada
    3.4       0.7       2.7  
Northeast United States
    4.0       1.5       2.5  
Other North America
    2.4       0.4       2.0  
 
   
     
     
 
Weighted Average
    3.5       1.0       2.5  
 
   
     
     
 

“Driving operating synergies within our newly acquired and current operations is a key
priority for our power operations in 2003.”

Richard Legault

POWER GENERATION
— Operating Costs

Power Generation

29


 

Cash Flow Growth

     Operating cash flow from our power generating business increased in 2002 to $240 million, up from $142 million in 2001. The following table illustrates the change in operating cash flows from the company’s power generating business during the past three years:

                           
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
Prior year’s net operating income
  $ 142     $ 123     $ 91  
 
(i)   Increase in generation from existing capacity
    21       (8 )     28  
 
(ii)  Operational and price improvements
    33       21       4  
 
(iii) Acquisitions
    44       6        
 
   
     
     
 
Current year operating cash flow
  $ 240     $ 142     $ 123  
 
   
     
     
 

(i) Increase in generation from existing capacity

     Generation from existing capacity increased to 4,356 gigawatt hours during the year, up from 3,777 gigawatt hours in 2001, with the return to more normal precipitation levels across the system after unusually dry conditions in the prior year. Particular increases in hydrology were experienced in northern Ontario and western Quebec, increasing cash flow from our power generating operations by $21 million in 2002 compared to a decline of $8 million in 2001.

(ii) Operational and price improvements

     During 2002, operational improvements, including our ability to utilize stored water to capture on-peak economics, as well as higher prices, led to an increased contribution of $33 million in 2002 versus $21 million in 2001. Our contracts typically have clauses which provide for price increases every year, primarily linked to inflation.

(iii) Acquisitions

     The acquisition of 16 hydroelectric stations in Ontario, Maine and New Hampshire totalling 645 megawatts contributed an incremental 1,228 gigawatt hours of production in 2002 and an additional $44 million of operating cash flow during the year. This compares to $6 million in 2001. These acquisitions contributed meaningfully during the year and are expected to contribute more fully during 2003. They also further diversify our watersheds, thereby reducing hydrology risk, and position us as a leading generator in Ontario and an important entrant in the New England electricity markets.

Contract Profile

     Brascan maximizes the stability and predictability of power generating revenues through the use of fixed price contracts to minimize the impact of price fluctuations, and diversification of watersheds and water storage reservoirs to minimize fluctuation in generation levels.

     Approximately 86% of Brascan’s projected 2003 revenue is subject to fixed price contracts or regulated rate base agreements. The remaining revenue is generated through the sale of power on a wholesale basis. Due to the low cost of hydroelectric power and the ability to concentrate generation during peak pricing periods, Brascan is able to generate attractive margins on its uncommitted capacity. Brascan’s long-term sales contracts have an average term of 17 years and counterparties are almost exclusively customers with long-standing credit history or investment grade ratings.

“We continually strive to optimize our existing power facilities, through improved productivity, increased
reliability and enhanced on-peak generating capacity.”

Colin Clark

POWER GENERATION
— Operating Cash Flow

Power Generation

30


 

     The following table illustrates Brascan’s contract profile over the next five years:

                                         
    2003   2004   2005   2006   2007
   
 
 
 
 
Long-term bilateral contracts
    74 %     72 %     72 %     72 %     72 %
Financial contracts
    12       24       20       6        
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total fixed price contracts
    86       96       92       78       72  
Uncommitted wholesale
    14       4       8       22       28  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total
    100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %
 
   
     
     
     
     
 

Financial Operations

     Our financial operations include our asset management, client services, capital market, merchant banking and corporate lending activities. These activities generate steady streams of investment income, commissions and fees.

     The following table shows the composition of the assets deployed in our financial activities at December 31, 2002 and 2001 together with their underlying values and operating cash flows:

                                         
    Book Value   Operating Cash Flow(1)
   
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
Securities
  $ 454     $ 277     $ 73     $ 65     $ 16  
Loans receivable
    1,186       1,162       115       134       148  
Investments
    214       108       21       15       9  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
 
    1,854       1,547       209       214       173  
Other/Commissions and fees, net
    245       50       59       42       49  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 2,099     $ 1,597     $ 268     $ 256     $ 222  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Underlying value estimate
  $ 2,562     $ 2,030                          
 
   
     
                         

(1)  Investment Income and fee revenue, net of directly applicable operating costs

     The underlying value of our financial operations is based on the book value of the securities, loans receivable and investment balances, plus our fee generating businesses valued at 12 times net fee income.

     Operating cash flow from our financial business increased in 2002 due to an increased level of invested assets and higher yields during the period. Fees and commission revenues also increased with the continued focus on these businesses.

     Invested assets include securities, loans receivable and investments owned principally as part of our asset management, capital market and merchant banking activities. Operating cash flow from these assets consists primarily of the associated investment income. Other assets of $245 million represent the non-financial assets employed in our fee generating client service businesses, such as fixed assets, intangibles and goodwill, including $116 million of goodwill which arose on the purchase of minority shareholdings during the year. Commissions and fees are presented net of associated operating expenses and represent commissions and fees generated by our various activities, principally client services and asset management.

“The successful launch of a number of funds furthers our goal of leadership in
the alternative asset management business and sets the stage for the introduction
of additional funds in the future.”

Jeff Blidner

FINANCIAL OPERATIONS
— Diversification of Assets

Diversification of Assets

31


 

Securities

     The following table sets out the composition of securities owned by the company as part of our financial operations, together with the associated cash flows:

                                         
    Book Value   Operating Cash Flow
   
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
Debentures
  $ 259     $ 59     $ 33     $ 11     $  
Preferred shares
    31       33       2       2        
Common shares
    164       185       38       52       16  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 454     $ 277     $ 73     $ 65     $ 16  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 

     Securities are owned as part of the company’s capital market and asset management activities. These investments are typically liquid, publicly quoted securities. The book values of these investments as at the end of 2002 and 2001 approximate their realizable value. Operating cash flows include dividend and interest receipts, as well as gains realized during the year.

     We expanded our capital market activities during 2002. Emphasis was placed on high yield debentures, with a focus on issuers within our core areas of expertise. Our insight into these industries provides us with an excellent understanding of the fundamental underpinnings of the securities. We have also increased our holdings in select common share investments, again based on strong fundamental research.

     Operating cash flows from securities increased during the year, consistent with the increased level of invested assets, supplemented by capital gains on several high yield debenture and common share positions that were closed out during the year.

Loans Receivable

     The following table sets out the composition of loans receivable held by the company as part of its financial operations, together with the associated cash flows:

                                         
    Book Value   Operating Cash Flow
   
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
Corporate loans
  $ 857     $ 573     $ 78     $ 84     $ 99  
Merchant banking loans
    237       432       28       39       43  
Restructuring loans
    92       157       9       11       6  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 1,186     $ 1,162     $ 115     $ 134     $ 148  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 

     Loans receivable include corporate, merchant banking and restructuring loans provided to our clients to assist them in achieving their business objectives. Corporate loans provide clients with financing to execute their normal ongoing business operations and, due to their nature, carry a lower yield than merchant banking loans. Merchant banking loans enable our clients to expand their businesses and complete specific strategic initiatives. Restructuring loans assist clients whose businesses are otherwise viable but are experiencing short-term financial difficulties or are improperly capitalized.

     The following table presents the activity in our loan portfolios together with the average rate of return at year end:

                                         
                                    Average
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2001   Advances   Repayments   2002   Rate(1)

 
 
 
 
 
Corporate loans
  $ 573     $ 1,379     $ 1,095     $ 857       7 %
Merchant banking loans
    432       137       332       237       10 %
Restructuring loans
    157       47       112       92       10 %
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 1,162     $ 1,563     $ 1,539     $ 1,186       8 %
 
   
     
     
     
     
 

(1)  As at December 31, 2002. Excludes fees and participation gains

“Our financial restructuring expertise allows us to partner with leading institutions and
investors in conducting these activities.”

Sam Pollock

FINANCIAL OPERATIONS
— Securities Portfolio

Securities Portfolio

32


 

Corporate loans

     Corporate loans increased during the year as several new opportunities arose where we could assist our clients through the provision of financing of this nature. Despite the increase in corporate loans during the year, we plan to de-emphasize this business going forward and expect these balances to decline.

Merchant banking loans

     We held a reduced portfolio of merchant banking loans at December 31, 2002 compared with 2001, as considerable caution was exercised during the year in pursuing new opportunities. In addition to interest, we generally earn origination and other fees in connection with these loans, and also receive equity participations which provide the opportunity for additional returns. Fees and participations of this nature contributed $14 million during the year, which are included in fee income.

Restructuring loans

     Restructuring loans declined during the year as several initiatives were concluded. New initiatives in the future will be principally conducted through the Tricap Restructuring Fund. This includes investments in debt securities issued by Doman Forest Products, which recently approved a restructuring plan proposed by Tricap Restructuring Fund and other holders of Doman securities.

Investments

     The following table sets out investments owned by Brascan as part of our financial operations, together with the associated cash flows:

                                           
      Book Value   Operating Cash Flow
     
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
Common equity
                                       
 
Northgate Exploration
  $ 105     $ 2     $     $     $  
 
Banco Brascan
    59       62       21       15       9  
 
Other
    33       34                    
Other
    17       10                    
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 214     $ 108     $ 21     $ 15     $ 9  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 

     Investments represent common share positions acquired primarily as a result of merchant banking and restructuring activities. In some circumstances, these investments may be less liquid and require active involvement by Brascan. The largest such investment is our 40% common share interest in Northgate Exploration, which has a book value of $105 million and a quoted market value at December 31, 2002 of $124 million. Northgate issued $250 million of common share equity during 2002, of which Brascan subscribed for $106 million. Proceeds were used in part to repay merchant banking loans from Brascan. Common share investments also include our investment in Banco Brascan, an investment bank in Brazil that is owned 40% by each of Brascan and Mellon Bank.

“We are meeting the needs of institutional investors for alternative-type
investments with a growing array of innovative funds backed by operational expertise
within the Brascan group.”

Bruce Robertson

FINANCIAL OPERATIONS
— Loan Portfolio

Loan Portfolio

33


 

Operating Cash Flows

     The following table illustrates the nature of the earnings from our financial operations. The more stable sources of cash flow, such as interest and dividend income, as well as commissions and fees, represent 84% of total cash flow.

                           
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
Investment income
                       
 
Interest income
  $ 126     $ 145     $ 148  
 
Dividend income
    40       28       19  
 
Capital gains
    43       41       6  
       
     
     
 
    209       214       173  
       
     
     
Commissions and fees, net
                       
 
Fee revenue
    326       309       285  
 
Commissions, net
    64       66       78  
 
Expenses
    (331 )     (333 )     (314 )
 
    59       42       49  
       
     
     
Total
  $ 268     $ 256     $ 222  
       
     
     

     Interest income declined by $19 million during the year due to a lower interest rate environment as Brascan’s loans receivable are principally floating rate. Dividend income increased significantly during the year, due in large part to increased earnings from our investment in Banco Brascan. Capital gains recorded in 2002 were derived principally from our capital market activities.

     Commissions and fees increased during the year reflecting the continued expansion of our asset management and client services activities. We continue our efforts to increase the contribution from our fee generating activities, which represented 22% of operating cash flow in 2002.

     Commissions and fees, net of expenses, originated from the following activities:

                         
    Operating Cash Flow(1)
   
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
Client services
  $ 35     $ 37     $ 35  
Asset management
    27       2       7  
Capital markets
    9       13       11  
Merchant banking
    14       13       10  
 
    85       65       63  
 
   
     
     
 
Unallocated expenses
    (26 )     (23 )     (14 )
 
   
     
     
 
Total
  $ 59     $ 42     $ 49  
 
   
     
     
 

(1)  Fees and commissions, net of expenses

     Net commissions and fees from our client services group declined modestly during the year, constrained in part by start-up costs for several newer ventures. We provide a wide range of specialized administrative advisory and other business services to corporations, institutions and individuals in areas where we have experience and strong brand recognition. Examples of these services include residential and commercial property brokerage, corporate relocations, residential property appraisals, facilities management, property transaction closing services and voucher services.

     Asset management fees increased significantly during the year due to the establishment of new investment funds.

“Within our financial operations we undertake intensive credit research and analysis to uncover
capital market opportunities in order to earn above average returns in the industries in which we have expertise.”

Andrew Maleckyj

FINANCIAL OPERATIONS
— Cash Flow Contribution

Cash Flow Contribution

34


 

     The Imagine Group completed its second full year of operations and continued to expand its finite risk reinsurance activities,leading to an increase in funds under management. The Tricap Restructuring Fund, launched in late 2001, was also active during the year.

     Capital market fees represent underwriting and advisory fees, which declined during the year in line with reduced capital market activities in North America. We participated in 34 underwriting transactions in 2002 which raised $10 billion for clients and we were also involved in a number of merger, acquisition and debt refinancing advisory mandates.

     Merchant banking activities resulted in a modest increase in fees and participation gains arising from loan origination and commitments, as well as participation interests received in prior years.

Assets Under Management

     The fastest growing segment of our financial operations is the management of alternative investments on behalf of institutional investors as well as for our own account.

     Assets under management increased to $4.2 billion at year end, primarily through the introduction of several new funds and expansion of existing funds. The Brascan Real Estate Finance Fund was established during the year to invest in real estate mezzanine loans in the United States. In addition, we acquired an ownership interest in Queensway Investment Counsel, which provides traditional investment management services to institutional investors in Canada and the United States.

                         
AS AT DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)           Total Assets(1)
           
Fund Name   Investment Type   2002   2001

 
 
 
The Imagine Group
  Fixed income   $ 1,400     $ 1,100  
Highstreet Asset Management
  Equities/fixed income     735       600  
Brascan Real Estate Finance Fund
  Mezzanine loans     300        
Queensway Investment Counsel
  Equities/fixed income     600        
Tricap Restructuring Fund
  Private equity/debt     416       400  
Diversified Canadian Financial I
  Preferred shares     215       215  
Diversified Canadian Financial II
  Preferred shares     325       325  
Mavrix Fund Management
  Mutual funds     100       75  
Century Property & Casualty
  Fixed income     85       85  
Brascan Opportunity Fund
  Venture capital     50       50  
 
           
     
 
Total
          $ 4,226     $ 2,850  
 
           
     
 

(1) Includes committed capital and managed assets

“Client services for government institutional and corporate clients are
expected to become an increasingly significant contributor to our bottom line.

Cyrus Madon

FINANCIAL OPERATIONS
— Operating Cash Flow

Operating Cash Flow

35


 

Residential Properties

     Our residential property activities are focussed on single family home building in North America. We also build residential condominiums in South America. The composition of the residential property portfolio at December 31, 2002 and 2001 was as follows:

                                         
    Book Value   Operating Cash Flow(1)
   
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (US$ MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
California
  $ 351     $ 350     $ 52     $ 45     $ 40  
Virginia / Ontario / Florida
    174       179       19       20       16  
Alberta / Colorado
    64       89       24       20       21  
Brazil
    61       80       10       5       2  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total — US$
  $ 650     $ 698     $ 105     $ 90     $ 79  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total — Cdn$
  $ 1,028     $ 1,110     $ 166     $ 140     $ 118  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Underlying value estimate
  $ 1,328     $ 1,120                          
 
   
     
                         

(1)  Revenue less cost of sales

     The underlying value of our residential operations of $1,328 million is based on an eight times multiple applied to 2002 operating cash flow of $166 million, compared with a value of $1,120 million at December 31, 2001 based on an eight times multiple applied to 2001 operating cash flow of $140 million.

     Our residential assets in North America include infrastructure improvements and land and construction in progress in master-planned communities in nine markets located in three geographic regions. The residential assets in South America include infrastructure improvements and land and construction in progress for condominium construction in two markets. The aggregate book value of our residential properties was $1,028 million at December 31,2002.

Sales Levels

     Operating cash flow from our residential operations increased to $166 million in 2002, up from $140 million in 2001 due to increased selling prices and improved margins. Total home sales were 3,248 for the year compared with 3,306 in 2001. Lot sales in 2002, including lots sold to other builders, totalled 6,034 compared with 6,581 in 2001.

     Details of the home and lot sales by regional market are as follows:

                                                 
    Home Sales   Lot Sales
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31  
 
UNITS   2002   2001   2000   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
California
    1,147       1,228       1,156       1,429       3,117       2,434  
Virginia
    470       482       566       791       735       797  
Florida
    337       420       158       337       420       158  
Colorado
                      277       111       83  
Ontario
    374       330       480       441       398       1,413  
Alberta
    385       395       300       2,224       1,349       1,302  
Brazil
    535       451       469       535       451       469  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
    3,248       3,306       3,129       6,034       6,581       6,656  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 

Sales Revenue

     Our home building operations generated an average home price in 2002 of US$340,000 per unit, an increase of 5% over 2001 levels. The increase in the average home price was largely due to a higher-end mix of houses sold, especially in California and northern Virginia, and increased pricing on housing sales across North America.

“We believe that the spin-off of our U.S. residential property business will enable us to surface
incremental value from our portfolio of premier master-planned communities.”

Ian Cockwell

RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES
— Geographic Distribution

Geographic Distribution

36


 

     The following is a breakdown of average prices realized on home sales in the last three years:

                                                 
    2002   2001   2000
   
 
 
            Average           Average           Average
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (US$)   Sales   Price   Sales   Price   Sales   Price

 
 
 
 
 
 
    (MILLIONS)   (THOUSANDS)   (MILLIONS)   (THOUSANDS)   (MILLIONS)   (THOUSANDS)
California
  $ 624     $ 544     $ 602     $ 490     $ 542     $ 469  
Virginia
    193       411       176       365       172       304  
Florida
    137       407       145       345       77       487  
Ontario
    51       136       43       130       71       148  
Alberta
    38       99       37       94       30       100  
Brazil
    65       134       72       160       68       145  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total — US$
  $ 1,108     $ 340     $ 1,075     $ 325     $ 960     $ 307  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total — Cdn$
  $ 1,740     $ 534     $ 1,709     $ 517     $ 1,430     $ 457  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 

     The backlog of orders as at December 31, 2002 for delivery in 2003 represents approximately 30% of expected 2003 closings, similar to levels experienced at the beginning of the previous year.

Assets Under Development

     Assets under development consist of commercial property development sites and related density rights, residential land acquired for future use in our home building and condominium development businesses, power generating plants under construction and other assets held for or under development. None of these assets currently contribute to our operating cash flows.

     We prefer to acquire fully developed assets at discounts to their replacement cost. However, we will selectively undertake development initiatives in our core operating businesses when we believe we can adequately assess and manage the risk and where the rewards are sufficiently attractive. In this regard, office properties are developed on a selective basis in markets where tenants require expansion space; fully entitled residential land is purchased at substantial discounts to build-out value and developed for use in our residential home building and condominium operations; and power generating sites and other assets are selectively acquired and developed when the risk-adjusted returns substantially exceed those from purchasing existing assets.

     The composition of our assets under development at December 31, 2002 and 2001 was as follows:

                 
    Book Value
   
AS AT DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001

 
 
Commercial development properties
  $ 1,138     $ 576  
Power generating plants
    170       95  
Residential development land and infrastructure
    750       790  
Other
    173       170  
 
   
     
 
Total
  $ 2,231     $ 1,631  
 
   
     
 
Underlying value estimate
  $ 2,631     $ 1,926  
 
   
     
 

     The underlying value of our assets under development is assumed for these purposes to be equal to either their book value or an estimate of sale value under reasonable circumstances at their current stage of development.

“Our residential operations continue to benefit from the low interest rate environment and desire
of homeowners to enjoy the lifestyle advantages of master-planned communities.”

Alan Norris

RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES
— Average Home Price

Average Home Price

37


 

Commercial Development Properties

Commercial development properties at December 31, 2002 and 2001, included the following projects:

                 
    Book Value
   
AS AT DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001

 
 
300 Madison Avenue, Manhattan
  $ 690     $ 382  
Three World Financial Center, Manhattan
    269        
Bay-Adelaide Centre, Toronto
    114       108  
Penn Station, New York and other lands
    65       86  
 
   
     
 
Total
  $ 1,138     $ 576  
 
   
     
 

The largest asset currently under development is a 1.2 million square foot office tower in midtown New York which is fully leased to CIBC. This premier office tower, located at 42nd Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan, is expected to be completed in the fall of 2003. Total costs to complete the project are being funded by a non-recourse loan secured by the project and backed by the CIBC lease.

During 2002, we acquired a 51% interest in Tower Three of our World Financial Center complex in downtown Manhattan, with 1.2 million square feet of space. The purchase price represented a substantial discount to replacement value and we are currently in the process of refurbishing the space and securing new tenants with the objective of achieving full occupancy during 2004.

We own a 50% interest in the Bay-Adelaide Centre development property, located in Toronto’s downtown financial district, which includes fully operational revenue-generating parking facilities. When completed, this development will accommodate 1.8 million square feet of office and residential space.

Our other development sites include the proposed new Penn Station at West 31st Street and 9th Avenue in midtown New York which is currently in the permitting process and expected to eventually encompass 2.5 million square feet of office and related space. In São Paulo, Brazil, we own the BCN Office Park, which consists of 800,000 square feet of existing office space in the process of being leased, and 6 million square feet of density for future office and residential buildings to be developed over the next 10 years.

Power Generating Plants

Power generating plants under development had a book value of $170 million at December 31, 2002. These assets represent the investment to date in five hydroelectric power plants now under construction with total capacity of 136 megawatts — one in northern Ontario,one in British Columbia and three in southern Brazil.

                                 
                    Book Value
    Estimated   Estimated  
AS AT DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   Capacity (MW)   Completion Date   2002   2001

 
 
 
 
High Falls
    45       Q1/2003     $ 63     $ 22  
Pingston Creek
    30       Q2/2003       27       14  
Brazil
    61       Ongoing       52       24  
Other
          Ongoing       28       35  
 
   
             
     
 
Total
    136             $ 170     $ 95  
 
   
             
     
 

“Investing in restructuring opportunities within our areas of expertise reduces risk and enhances our ability to maximize returns.”
Peter Gordon

ASSETS UNDER DEVELOPMENT

(CHART: GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION)

38


 

Residential Development Land

Residential development land and related infrastructure, which had a book value of $750 million at December 31, 2002, is located in the following geographic areas:

                 
    Book Value
   
AS AT DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001

 
 
California
  $ 364     $ 302  
Virginia/Ontario/Florida
    60       60  
Alberta/Colorado
    158       213  
Brazil
    168       215  
 
   
     
 
Total
  $ 750     $ 790  
 
   
     
 

Improvements made to residential development lands prior to the sale of residential units include the construction of roads, sewers, utilities and other infrastructure related to the development of single family and condominium housing. These assets are located in 14 submarkets across North America and Brazil.

Cash and Financial Assets

Brascan maintains modest cash balances and utilizes excess cash to repay revolving credit lines and invest in shorter term financial assets which provide a source of liquidity to fund future initiatives. Cash balances at December 31, 2002 were $525 million.

Financial assets represent securities that are not actively deployed within our financial operations which can, with varying degrees of timing, be liquidated and utilized to fund strategic acquisitions. The following table shows the composition of these assets together with their underlying values and associated cash flow streams:

                                         
    Book Value   Operating Cash Flow(1)
   
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
Cash
  $ 525     $ 607     $ 41     $ 44     $ 48  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
    80       65       8       6       8  
Corporate bonds
    263       165       16       9       6  
Debentures
    101       106       5       3       5  
Preferred shares
    627       958       46       64       62  
Common shares
    63       65       4       5       4  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Securities
    1,134       1,359       79       87       85  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 1,659     $ 1,966     $ 120     $ 131     $ 133  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Underlying value estimate
  $ 1,659     $ 1,966                          
 
   
     
                         


(1)  Investment income

The market value of the financial assets approximates their realizable value.

“The turnaround of Northgate Exploration is a prime example of the integration of our financial restructuring expertise and operational know-how.”

Terry Lyons

CASH AND FINANCIAL ASSETS

(CHART: CASH AND FINANCIAL ASSETS)

39


 

Investment in Noranda and Nexfor

In addition to our three operating businesses, we own 40% of Noranda, an international base metals company, and 43% of Nexfor, a building products company.

                                                                         
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31                                                                        
                    Market Value   Book Value   Operating Cash Flow(1)
MILLIONS   Number of   Share  
 
 
EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS   Shares   Price   2002   2001   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment in Noranda
    96.6     $ 14.21     $ 1,373     $ 1,412     $ 1,385     $ 1,680     $ 76     $ 75     $ 75  
Investment in Nexfor
    61.6       8.25       508       441       489       471       24       21       19  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
                  $ 1,881     $ 1,853     $ 1,874     $ 2,151     $ 100     $ 96     $ 94  
 
                   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 


(1) Dividend receipts

The underlying value of our investments in Noranda and Nexfor is based solely on their quoted market prices as at December 31, 2002 and 2001. Cash flows from these investments represent the dividends we receive.

We received dividends of $76 million from our investment in Noranda, up from $75 million in 2001 and 2000. During 2002 we reinvested $38 million of the dividends received from Noranda into common shares of Noranda, increasing our interest by 2.5 million common shares.

During 2002, we received dividends of $24 million on our investment in Nexfor shares, up from $21 million in 2001 and $19 million in 2000 as a result of our purchases of additional shares. Our interest in Nexfor increased from 41% to 43% as a result of our reinvestment of the dividends received into shares of Nexfor.

Noranda Inc.

During the past two years, Noranda completed the development of a number of world-class mining and processing assets, shut down inefficient production capacity and implemented productivity improvements to enhance performance. Since base metal prices have recently been at historical lows, Noranda has recorded unsatisfactory operating results. Furthermore, the restructuring of its business has resulted in substantial charges arising from closures and other restructuring initiatives, including a significant non-cash writedown on Noranda’s magnesium operations in the fourth quarter of 2002. We are continuing to work with Noranda management to achieve their objectives and extended our support through a commitment to invest $300 million in preferred shares of Noranda to ensure that it is strongly positioned as commodity markets recover.

During 2002, Noranda reported a net loss of $700 million compared with a net loss of $92 million in 2001. The following table shows Noranda’s segmented cash flow from operations and net income:

                           
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
Cash flow from operations
                       
 
Copper
  $ 324     $ 167     $ 412  
 
Nickel
    241       189       501  
 
Aluminum
    104       92       104  
 
Zinc
          39       152  
 
Discontinued operations and unallocated costs
    (156 )     (243 )     (251 )
 
   
     
     
 
Cash flow from operations
    513       244       918  
 
Restructuring charges
    (647 )     (58 )      
 
Depreciation and other non-cash items
    (566 )     (278 )     (625 )
 
   
     
     
 
Net income (loss)
  $ (700 )   $ (92 )   $ 293  
 
   
     
     
 

The decline in cash flow from operations over the past two years was mainly a result of lower prices for the commodities Noranda produces. On average, copper, aluminum and zinc prices were down 7% relative to 2001 averages.

“Decisive action to streamline Noranda’s operations and exit unproductive businesses in 2002 strongly positions us as historically low commodity prices rebound.”
Derek Pannell

NORANDA
— Operating Cash Flow

(CHART: OPERATING CASH FLOW)

40


 

Noranda is traded on both the New York and Toronto Stock Exchanges. Further information on Noranda is available from its web site at www.noranda.com.

Nexfor Inc.

During 2002, Nexfor reported net income of US$13 million compared with US$12 million in 2001. Although Nexfor recorded another year of low income due to depressed prices for its products, the market for building products should rebound as the North American economy recovers. This should significantly improve Nexfor’s financial results and enhance the value of our investment in this company. Nexfor successfully expanded its building products operations with the acquisition of three oriented strandboard mills located in the south-central United States and the successful start-up of a fourth facility constructed in Alabama. As a result of these expansions and margin improvement programs, Nexfor is well positioned to generate substantially higher cash flows as prices for its products recovers.

The following table shows Nexfor’s segmented cash flow from operations and net income:

                           
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (US$ MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
Cash flow from operations
                       
 
Building products
  $ 125     $ 70     $ 115  
 
Specialty papers
    24       47       91  
 
Unallocated costs
    (37 )     (33 )     (25 )
 
   
     
     
 
Cash flow from operations
    112       84       181  
 
Depreciation and other non-cash items
    (99 )     (72 )     (87 )
 
   
     
     
 
Net income — US$
  $ 13     $ 12     $ 94  
 
   
     
     
 
Net income — Cdn$
  $ 20     $ 19     $ 147  
 
   
     
     
 

Nexfor is traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Further information on Nexfor is available from its web site at www.nexfor.com.

Working Capital and Other Balances

The composition of Brascan’s working capital and other balances is as follows:

                                                   
      2002   2001
     
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31   Accounts   Accounts           Accounts   Accounts        
MILLIONS   Receivable   Payable   Net   Receivable   Payable   Net

 
 
 
 
 
 
Working capital balances
                                               
 
Real estate
  $ 630     $ 568     $ 62     $ 602     $ 486     $ 116  
 
Power generation
    124       159       (35 )     70       89       (19 )
 
Financial
    211       247       (36 )     273       163       110  
 
International and other
    311       499       (188 )     533       481       52  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
    1,276       1,473       (197 )     1,478       1,219       259  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Other items
                                               
 
Future income tax assets
    84             84       215             215  
 
Prepaid expenses and other assets, deferred credits, provisions and other liabilities
    770       521       249       601       499       102  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
    854       521       333       816       499       317  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Net working capital and other
  $ 2,130     $ 1,994     $ 136     $ 2,294     $ 1,718     $ 576  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 

Other operating costs were $88 million, compared with $79 million in 2001 and $84 million in 2000. Costs increased during the year with the increased activity across the operations.

“We continued to strengthen our market position in the U.S. with the acquisition of three mills in 2002, making us the second largest U.S. producer of oriented strandboard.”
Dominic Gammiero

NEXFOR
— Operating Cash Flow

(CHART: OPERATING CASH FLOW)

41


 

Capital Resources and Liquidity

We maintain access to a broad range of financing sources to lower our overall cost of capital and thereby enhance returns for common shareholders. In particular, we endeavour to maximize the use of low risk forms of non-participating capital to provide stable low cost financial leverage. We also strive to maintain adequate liquidity at all times.

During the year, we raised $2 billion through the issuance of preferred equity, income trust units and long-term debt, enabling Brascan to end the year in the strongest position in the company’s history.

Our capital resources include corporate debt, borrowings which do not have recourse to Brascan, as well as preferred and common equity issued by Brascan and certain of our operating business units. Following the recent privatization of our financial operations, the minority interests of others in our assets consists principally of public securities issued by our real estate businesses held by shareholders other than Brascan.

The following schedule details our consolidated liabilities and shareholders’ interests At the end of 2002 and 2001 and the related cash costs:

                                                             
                Cost of                                        
                Capital(2)   Book Value   Operating Cash Flow
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31   Underlying  
 
 
MILLIONS   Value(1)   2002   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
                                                       
 
Non-recourse borrowings
   
Property specific mortgages
  $ 7,887       6 %   $ 7,887     $ 7,160     $ 467     $ 471     $ 400  
   
Other debt of subsidiaries
    2,950       5 %     2,950       3,161       167       198       193  
 
Corporate borrowings
    1,635       6 %     1,635       1,313       98       95       106  
 
Accounts and other payables
    1,994       5 %     1,994       1,718       88       79       84  
Shareholders’ interests
                                                       
 
Minority interests of others in assets
    3,859       16 %     2,301       2,720       411       391       348  
 
Preferred equity — corporate and subsidiaries
    1,859       6 %     1,859       1,596       109       106       111  
 
Common equity
    8,637       16 %     4,162       4,261       666       558       452  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
    14,355       14 %     8,322       8,577       1,186       1,055       911  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
  $ 28,821       9 %   $ 22,788     $ 21,929     $ 2,006     $ 1,898     $ 1,694  
 
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 


(1)   Underlying value of liabilities and preferred equity represents the cost to retire on maturity
 
(2)   As a percentage of average book value

Our overall weighted average cost of capital, using a 20% return objective for our common equity, is 9.6%. This reflects the low cost of non-participating preferred equity issued over many years, principally in the form of perpetual preferred shares, as well as the low cost of non-recourse investment grade financings which are achievable due to the high quality of our commercial properties and power generating plants.

In addition, the strength and diversification of the income streams generated by our various operating businesses reduce financing costs below that of many peers who operate in only one of our selected business sectors. Through the continuous monitoring of the balance between debt and equity financing, we strive to reduce our weighted average cost of capital on a risk averse basis and thereby improve common shareholder equity returns.

Liabilities

Property Specific Mortgages

Where appropriate, we finance our operating assets with long-term non-recourse borrowings such as property specific mortgage bonds, which do not have recourse to Brascan or our operating businesses.

“We are striving to enhance the communication of our strategy and achievements in order to better inform all of our stakeholders.”

Katherine Vyse

SOURCES OF FINANCING

(SOURCES OF FINANCING PIECHART)

42


 

The composition of the company’s borrowings which have recourse only to specific assets is as follows:

                                                         
                                                         
            Cost of
Capital
  Book Value   Operating Cash Flow(1)
    Average  
 
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   Term   2002   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial properties
    11       6 %   $ 6,973     $ 6,604     $ 406     $ 432     $ 364  
Power generating plants
    4       8 %     914       556       61       39       36  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
    10       6 %   $ 7,887     $ 7,160     $ 467     $ 471     $ 400  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 


(1)   Interest expense

These borrowings leverage common shareholders’ equity with long-term lower risk financing, which is largely fixed rate and has an average maturity of 10 years.

Commercial property borrowings represent mortgage debt on real estate properties. Our commercial property operations have very little general corporate indebtedness since we finance this business primarily with non-recourse mortgages on an individual stand-alone property basis. At the end of 2002, these mortgages had an average term of 11 years and a fixed interest rate of 6%.

Power generation borrowings consist of non-recourse power plant mortgages with an average fixed interest rate of 8%. We are in the process of refinancing the mortgages coming due in 2003 and anticipate extending the maturities to at least 2008.

Principal repayments on property specific mortgages due over the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

                                                         
MILLIONS   2003   2004   2005   2006   2007   Beyond   Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate
  $ 565     $ 252     $ 420     $ 501     $ 442     $ 4,793     $ 6,973  
Power generation
    483       8       237       5       3       178       914  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 1,048     $ 260     $ 657     $ 506     $ 445     $ 4,971     $ 7,887  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 

Other Debt of Subsidiaries

The composition of the borrowings which have recourse only to assets owned by the company’s subsidiaries is as follows:

                                                         
                                                         
            Cost of
Capital
  Book Value   Operating Cash Flow(1)
    Average  
 
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   Term   2002   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Power generating operations
    3       6 %   $ 592     $ 596     $ 34     $ 46     $ 51  
Financial operations
    4       5 %     927       935       46       44       49  
Residential properties 2
    2       8 %     678       826       20       27       27  
International operations and other
    3       9 %     753       804       67       81       66  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
    3       5 %   $ 2,950     $ 3,161     $ 167     $ 198     $ 193  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 


(1)   Interest expense
 
(2)   Portion of interest expensed as cost of sales

These borrowings are largely corporate debt, issued by way of corporate bonds, bank credit facilities, financial obligations and other debt borrowed by subsidiaries. Power generating debt consists largely of US public notes which are rated BBB by S&P, Baa3 by Moody’s and
BBB (high) by DBRS and which mature in 2004 and 2005.

The corporate bonds issued by financial operations are rated A(low) by DBRS and BBB+ by S&P. At December 31, 2002, our financial operations had $463 million undrawn committed credit facilities, which are largely utilized as back-up facilities for the issuance of commercial paper.

Residential property debt consists primarily of construction financing which is repaid from the proceeds on sale of building lots, single family houses and condominiums and is renewed on a rolling basis as new construction commences.

“Our strategy in the resources sector is to adopt the same discipline and commitment to return on capital as has been applied in our other operations.”

Aaron Regent

COMPOSITION OF
BORROWINGS

(COMPOSITION OF BORROWINGS PIE CHART)

43


 

A portion of the outstanding debt of our international operations is denominated in local currencies and is utilized to hedge our operating assets against local currency fluctuations, the most significant being that of the Brazilian Real. Brascan does not guarantee any debt of subsidiaries with the exception of US$272 million included in debt of international operations that is otherwise supported by financial assets within these operations.

Principal repayments on other debt of subsidiaries due over the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

                                                         
MILLIONS   2003   2004   2005   2006   2007   Beyond   Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Power generation
  $     $ 276     $ 316     $     $     $     $ 592  
Financial operations
    178       26       136       125       250       212       927  
Residential properties
    423       182       68       5                   678  
International operations and other
    181       41       23       2       73       433       753  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 782     $ 525     $ 543     $ 132     $ 323     $ 645     $ 2,950  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 

Corporate Borrowings

Corporate borrowings consist of long-term and short-term obligations of Brascan. Long-term corporate borrowings are in the form of bonds and debentures issued into the Canadian and US capital markets both on a public and private basis. Short-term financing needs are typically met by issuing commercial paper that is backed by long-term fully committed lines of credit with a broad range of North American and international banks.

The following table summarizes the nature and terms of Brascan’s corporate credit facilities:

                                                 
    Cost of                                        
    Capital   Book Value   Operating Cash Flow(1)
   
 
 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper and bank term debt
    3 %   $ 115     $ 20     $ 10     $ 23     $ 35  
Publicly traded term debt
    6 %     1,343       1,113       73       50       45  
Privately held term debt
    8 %     177       180       15       22       26  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
    6 %   $ 1,635     $ 1,313     $ 98     $ 95     $ 106  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
 


(1)   Interest expense

Brascan had $650 million of committed corporate credit facilities which are utilized principally as back-up credit lines to support commercial paper issuance, of which $603 million were undrawn at year end.

Principal repayments on corporate borrowings due over the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

                                                         
MILLIONS   2003   2004   2005   2006   2007   Beyond   Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper and bank term debt
  $ 83     $ 16     $ 16     $     $     $     $ 115  
Publicly traded and privately held term debt
    318       160       12       2       1       1,027       1,520  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 401     $ 176     $ 28     $ 2     $ 1     $ 1,027     $ 1,635  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
 

Credit Ratings

Brascan’s commercial paper and term debt are rated by three credit rating agencies and its preferred shares are rated by two agencies. We are committed to arranging our affairs to maintain these ratings as well as to improve them further over time. The credit ratings for the company at December 31, 2002 and at the time of the printing of this report were as follows:

                         
    DBRS   S&P   Moody's
   
 
 
Commercial paper
    R-1(low)       A-1(low)        
Term debt
    A(low)       A–     Baa3  
Preferred shares
    Pfd-2       P2        

We also endeavour to ensure that our operating businesses are committed to maintaining investment grade ratings in order to provide continuous access to a wide range of financings and to enhance borrowing flexibility.

“The recent launch of the Royal Lepage Residential Royalties Income Fund strengthens our focus on asset management and expands our offerings of structured capital market products.”
Simon Dean

NON-RECOURSE
BORROWINGS
— Debt of Subsidiaries
by Operating Group

 

(NON-RECOURSE BORROWINGS PIECHART)

44


 

Shareholders’ Interests

Shareholders’ interests are comprised of three components: common equity participating interests of other shareholders in our operating businesses; non-participating preferred equity issued by the company and its subsidiaries; and common equity of the company.

Shareholders’ interests at December 31,2002 and 2001 were as follows:

                                                           
      Number   Underlying                                        
      of Shares   Value   Book Value   Operating Cash Flow(1)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31  
 
 
 
MILLIONS   2002   2002   2002   2001   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minority interests of others in assets
                                                       
 
Real estate operations
    82.3     $ 3,280     $ 1,829     $ 1,777     $ 371     $ 317     $ 265  
 
Power generation
    24.1       367       260       181       20       10       12  
 
Financial operations
                        591       20       64       71  
 
Other
            212       212       171                    
 
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
            3,859       2,301       2,720       411       391       348  
 
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
 
Non-participating preferred equity
  Corporate             1,149       1,149       1,107       70       43       43  
 
Subsidiaries
            710       710       489       39       63       68  
 
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
            1,859       1,859       1,596       109       106       111  
 
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
 
Common equity
    183.9       8,637       4,162       4,261       666       558       452  
 
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
 
 
          $ 14,355     $ 8,322     $ 8,577     $ 1,186     $ 1,055     $ 911  
 
 
           
     
     
     
     
     
 


(1)   Represents share of operating cash flows attributable to the respective shareholders interests, including cash distributions

Minority Interests of Others in Assets

The majority of our real estate operations are conducted through Brookfield Properties Corporation and Brookfield Homes Corporation, in which shareholders other than Brascan own an approximate 50% common share interest. During 2002, we purchased the remaining interests of other shareholders in our financial operations business for $359 million in cash and the issuance of 11.4 million common shares and 1.1 million Class A, Series 11 Preferred Shares. Power generating interests represent the interests of unit holders in the Great Lakes Hydro Income Fund.

The amounts distributed to other shareholders in the form of cash dividends were $87 million in 2002, $82 million in 2001 and $75 million in 2000. The undistributed cash flows attributable to minority shareholders are retained in the respective operating businesses and are available to expand their operations, reduce indebtedness or repurchase equity.

Preferred Equity

The company has $1,859 million of non-participating preferred equity outstanding: $1,149 million issued by Brascan and $710 million issued by consolidated subsidiaries of Brascan. The preferred equity is permanent in nature and enables Brascan to expand its equity base at low risk without any dilution to common shareholders. The average cost of this capital at year end was 6%.

During 2002, we issued $225 million of new preferred equity: $100 million of 10-year non-cumulative 5.50% preferred shares; and $125 million of 49-year 8.30% preferred securities. Distributions on the latter may be deferred for up to five years and are deductible for tax purposes by the company. Our real estate subsidiary also issued $200 million of preferred shares yielding 6%. Subsequent to year end, Brascan completed the issuance of $175 million of 15-year 5.40% preferred shares. All of the securities issued are repayable in common shares at the company’s option on maturity.

“The completion of a record number of capital market transactions in 2002 strengthened our financial position ensuring we can take advantage of investment opportunities as they arise.”
Craig Laurie

SHAREHOLDER VALUE

(SHAREHOLDER VALUE BAR CHART)

45


 

Common Equity

On a diluted basis, Brascan has 183.9 million common shares outstanding, an increase from 176.4 million at December 31, 2001. During 2002, we issued 11.4 million common shares and 3.0 million share options in exchange for other shareholders’ interests in our financial operations and repurchased 7.1 million common shares under a normal course issuer bid at an average price of $31.58 per share. During 2001, 3.8 million common shares and equivalents were repurchased in a similar manner at a price of $26.98 per share.

Brascan has two classes of common shares outstanding: Class A and Class B. Each class of shares elects one-half of the company’s board of directors. The Class B shares are held by EdperPartners Limited, a private company owned by 38 individuals, including the five most senior officers of Brascan.

Capital Allocation

Capital allocation is considered to be critical to Brascan’s success. Accordingly, we endeavour to apply a rigorous approach to allocating capital among our operating businesses. Capital is invested only when the expected returns exceed predetermined thresholds, taking into consideration risk, upside potential and, if appropriate, strategic considerations such as the establishment of new business activities. Post-investment reviews of all capital allocation decisions are conducted to ensure that anticipated returns are achieved and, if not, to determine the remedial action required and the measures needed to ensure that targeted returns are met on future projects.

Liquidity

Brascan and its operating businesses endeavour to maintain sufficient financial liquidity at all times in order to participate in attractive investment opportunities as they arise, as well as to withstand sudden adverse changes in economic circumstances.

As at year end, Brascan and its consolidated subsidiaries had $1.1 billion of undrawn committed credit facilities with 12 major financial institutions, largely maintained as back-up facilities for the issuance of commercial paper. We also maintain a significant portfolio of cash and non-strategic financial assets that can be liquidated to fund investments as required.

As further described under Results of Operations, Brascan generated $736 million of operating cash flow during 2002 and we expect this amount to increase to $845 million in 2003. Our free cash flow from operations, which includes undistributed cash flow attributable to minority interests in subsidiaries, was $910 million during 2002 and is expected to reach $990 million during 2003. This cash flow is available to pay common share dividends, expand our operating base, reduce debt or repurchase common shares as appropriate.

Use of Derivatives

We utilize a number of financial instruments to manage our foreign currency, commodity and interest rate positions. As a general policy, Brascan and its operating businesses endeavour to maintain a balanced position in terms of foreign currency, although unmatched positions may be taken from time to time within predetermined limits. Brascan and its subsidiaries typically maintain a net floating rate liability position because we believe that this results in lower financing costs over the long term. As at December 31, 2002, our net floating rate liability was $1,534 million, with the result that a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would adversely impact operating cash flow by $16.7 million.

The company’s risk management and derivative financial instruments are more fully described in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

“We continue to seek ways to communicate more effectively with investors and facilitate their access to information.”
Diane Horton

SHARE REPURCHASES

(SHARE REPURCHASES BAR CHART)

46


 

Corporate Guarantees and Contingent Obligations

Brascan conducts its operations through entities that are fully or proportionately consolidated in its financial statements other than equity accounted investments. Equity accounted investments include Noranda and Nexfor, which are owned 40% and 43%, respectively, by Brascan.

Brascan provides guarantees from time to time in respect of its merchant banking, asset management and power marketing and financial activities. The company does not guarantee any of the obligations of its subsidiaries or affiliates other than as noted under other debt of subsidiaries, with the exception of $450 million of other contingent obligations included in accounts and other payables relating to the company’s financing and power generating operations, and which are subject to credit rating provisions. These obligations are supported by financial assets of the principal obligor.

The company may be contingently liable with respect to litigation and claims that arise in the normal course of business.

Cash Resources

Operating Cash Flow

We believe that the most important measure of our operating performance is the cash flow generated from operations in relation to the capital employed. This is, in part, because we have focussed on owning high quality assets which require little capital investment on a sustaining basis and tend to appreciate in value over time.

A summary of the sources of our operating cash flows and the return on common equity is as follows:

                                   
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2003E   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
Operating income
                               
 
Commercial property operations
  $ 1,031     $ 1,076     $ 1,087     $ 960  
 
Financial operations
    360       268       256       222  
 
Power generating operations
    267       240       142       123  
 
Residential property operations
    180       166       140       118  
 
Investment income
    125       120       131       133  
 
Other
    60       36       46       44  
 
    2,023       1,906       1,802       1,600  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Expenses
                               
 
Interest expense
    753       732       764       699  
 
Minority share of income before non-cash items
    443       450       454       416  
 
Other operating costs
    82       88       79       84  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    745       636       505       401  
Dividends from Noranda and Nexfor
    100       100       96       94  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Cash flow from operations and gains
  $ 845     $ 736     $ 601     $ 495  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Cash flow from operations and gains per common share
  $ 4.25     $ 3.74     $ 3.20     $ 2.55  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Average book value per common share
  $ 25.00     $ 24.07     $ 24.46     $ 22.98  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Cash return on equity
    17 %     16 %     13 %     11 %
 
 
   
     
     
     
 

“Brascan has paid preferred dividends consistently for more than 60 years and investors’ strong focus on secure income has increased the demand for our preferred securities.”
Alan Dean

CASH FLOW FROM
OPERATIONS

(CASH FLOW BARCHART)

47


 

Cash flow per share from operations for the year ended December 31, 2002, including dividends from Noranda and Nexfor, was $3.74 after deducting all financing charges, operating costs and the portion of operating cash flow that is attributable to other investors with interests in our businesses, whether retained or distributed. This represents a 17% increase from the $3.20 per share earned in 2001.

Cash flow from operations increased to $736 million from $601 million in 2001. Each of our operating businesses is managed to generate sustainable and increasing cash flow streams, which should result in these businesses appreciating in value over time. The cash flow from operations shown in the following table includes virtually no return on the $2.2 billion of assets currently under development for future growth, and includes only the dividends received from our investments in Noranda and Nexfor.

We expect cash flow from operations to increase in 2003 to $4.25 per common share. This represents a 14% increase over 2002 and a cash return on equity of 17%. Our expectations are based on contractual increases in property leases in our commercial property portfolio; continued expansion of our financial operations; and higher power generating revenues due primarily to a larger generating base. We also expect to benefit from low financing charges following the continued issuance of lower-cost, long-term financing and a continuing relatively low interest rate environment.

Free Cash Flow

Brascan’s free cash flow represents the operating cash flow retained in the business after dividend payments to shareholders of subsidiaries, preferred equity distributions to preferred shareholders, and sustaining capital expenditures, which are approximately $60 million for Brascan common shareholders on a levelized basis. Free cash flow is typically used to pay common share dividends, invest in the business for future growth, to reduce borrowings or to repurchase equity. A summary of Brascan’s free cash flow is as follows:

                                     
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2003E   2002   2001   2000

 
 
 
 
Receipts
                               
 
Net operating income
  $ 2,023     $ 1,906     $ 1,802     $ 1,600  
 
Dividends from Noranda and Nexfor
    100       100       96       94  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    2,123       2,006       1,898       1,694  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Disbursements
                               
 
Interest expense on borrowings
    753       732       764       699  
 
Other operating costs
    82       88       79       84  
 
Sustaining capital investments
    Brascan     60       50       50       50  
   
Minority interests
    30       30       30       30  
 
Distributions
    Minority interests     80       87       82       75  
   
Preferred equity
    128       109       106       111  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    1,133       1,096       1,111       1,049  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Free cash flow
  $ 990     $ 910     $ 787     $ 645  
 
 
   
     
     
     
 

“Our ability to withdraw and reallocate capital among our businesses provides us with competitive and financial advantages over single industry companies.”
Marcelo Marinho

FREE CASH FLOW

(FREE CASH FLOW CHART)

48


 

Utilization of Cash Resources

The following table illustrates the utilization of free cash flow generated by our operations and financing initiatives as well as the reallocation of capital between our operating businesses and the repurchase of common equity and other shareholder interests:

                                     
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2000   Total

 
 
 
 
Free cash flow
  $ 910     $ 787     $ 645     $ 2,342  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Financing
                               
 
Borrowings, net of repayments
    898       (360 )     (45 )     493  
 
Net issuance (repurchase) of preferred equity
    399       146       (107 )     438  
 
Net repurchase of common shares
     
   
Brascan
    (225 )     (101 )     (132 )     (458 )
   
Subsidiaries
    (384 )     (220 )     (94 )     (698 )
 
Common share dividends
    (175 )     (176 )     (176 )     (527 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    513       (711 )     (554 )     (752 )
Investing
                               
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Commercial and residential properties(1)
    (265 )     217       (529 )     (577 )
 
Financial operations and assets(1)
    (224 )     (130 )     120       (234 )
 
Power generation(1)
    (853 )     (244 )     (234 )     (1,331 )
 
Add back sustaining capital expenditures(2)
    80       80       80       240  
 
Investments
    (63 )     (86 )     619       470  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    (1,325 )     (163 )     56       (1,432 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
Net generation (utilization) of cash
    98       (87 )     147       158  
Net change in non-cash working capital balances
    (180 )     36       96       (48 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
Increase (decrease) in cash
  $ (82 )   $ (51 )   $ 243     $ 110  
 
   
     
     
     
 


(1)   Includes assets under development and excludes property gains
 
(2)   Included in free cash flow above

Reconciliation of Pro Forma and Consolidated Financial Statements

We have presented two sets of financial statements in our annual report this year: the audited consolidated financial statements which begin on page 60 and pro forma consolidated financial statements which begin on page 56. The pro forma financial statements consolidate the results of Brookfield Properties in both 2002 and 2001 whereas the audited consolidated financial statements do so only in 2002.

We believe that the pro forma financial statements provide the most comparable basis of presentation and accordingly much of management’s review and analysis is based on these financial statements. Operating results for 2002 are the same in both sets of financial statements; however, the 2001 results differ as a result of the consolidation of Brookfield Properties’ results in the pro forma statements only. The balance sheet is the same under either basis of presentation.

The following discussion pertains to both the pro forma consolidated financial statements and the audited consolidated financial statements and is intended to assist readers reconcile the two bases of presentation.

“Our focus on maintaining strong investment grade credit ratings allows us to drive down our cost of capital through access to a wide range of low cost financings.”
Lisa Chu

INVESTMENTS BY
BUSINESS

(INVESTMENTS PIE CHART)

(1) Includes assets under development

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Consolidated Balance Sheet

Total assets increased from $21.9 billion at December 31, 2001 to $22.8 billion at December 31, 2002. The book value of our commercial property assets declined principally due to the sale of partial interests in properties located in Toronto and Calgary. Power generating and financial operations increased by $0.7 billion and $0.5 billion, respectively, reflecting the continued growth in these businesses. Assets under development increased by $0.6 billion due to the continued development of our 300 Madison Avenue property in midtown Manhattan and the acquisition of a 51% interest in Tower Three of the World Financial Center in lower Manhattan. The carrying value of our investment in Noranda and Nexfor declined principally due to the non-cash charge recorded in respect of Noranda’s magnesium business.

Liabilities and shareholders’ interests remained largely unchanged since the end of 2001. Property specific mortgages increased with the project financing of power generating assets acquired in 2002 as well as the arrangement of permanent financing for the 300 Madison Avenue property.

Additional information concerning the company’s financial position and liquidity is contained in the relevant sections of management’s discussion and analysis.

Consolidated Statement of Income

Total Revenues

The following table sets out the revenues generated by each of our operating segments:

                         
            Pro Forma        
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2001

 
 
 
Commercial property operations
  $ 1,644     $ 1,718     $ 156  
Power generating operations
    327       270       270  
Financial operations
    599       589       589  
Residential property operations
    2,026       1,936       116  
Financial assets
    120       131       87  
Corporate and other
    94       72       51  
 
   
     
     
 
Total
  $ 4,810     $ 4,716     $ 1,269  
 
   
     
     
 

Revenues generated in 2002 were largely unchanged from the pro forma 2001 revenues. Commercial property revenues declined with the sale of partial interests in properties during 2002 and 2001. Power generating revenues increased due to the acquisition of additional generating capacity during the year, higher water levels and improved prices. Residential property revenues reflect higher selling prices offset in part by lower unit volumes. The pro forma 2001 results differ from the 2001 revenues in that they reflect the consolidation of Brookfield Properties’ revenues from its commercial property and residential property operations.

Net operating income

The following table sets out the net operating income generated by each of our operating segments:

                         
            Pro Forma        
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2001

 
 
 
Commercial property operations
  $ 1,076     $ 1,087     $ 130  
Power generating operations
    240       142       142  
Financial operations
    268       256       256  
Residential property operations
    166       140       8  
Investment income
    120       131       87  
Other
    36       46       25  
 
   
     
     
 
Total
  $ 1,906     $ 1,802     $ 648  
 
   
     
     
 

“Our operating and financial businesses worked together very effectively in 2002 to create significant added value in negotiating and financing major asset acquisitions.”
John Tremayne

NET OPERATING INCOME

(NET OPERATING INCOME CHART)

50


 

Power generating operations contributed the largest increase in net operating income during 2002 due to the acquisition of additional power generating operations, improved water levels and higher pricing. All of the other segments were largely unchanged.

Commercial property and residential property net operating income in 2001 increased on a pro forma basis reflecting the consolidation of Brookfield Properties’ results, as did investment and other income.

Net operating income from each segment is discussed under the relevant section elsewhere in management’s discussion and analysis.

Expenses

The expenses incurred by the company during 2002 and 2001 are as follows:

                         
            Pro Forma        
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2001

 
 
 
Interest expense
  $ 732     $ 764     $ 306  
Minority share of income before non-cash items
    450       454       116  
Other operating costs
    88       79       11  
 
 
     
     
 
Total
  $ 1,270     $ 1,297     $ 433  
 
 
     
     
 

Expenses were largely unchanged during 2002 compared to 2001 on a pro forma basis. In addition, consolidated interest expense declined relative to the 2001 pro forma results as lower interest rates offset slightly higher debt levels. Minority share of income before non-cash items was relatively unchanged as the privatization of Brascan Financial more than offset the increase in Brookfield Properties’ operating results.

The 2001 pro forma results reflect the inclusion of Brookfield Properties’ interest expense and operating costs. Minority share of income before non-cash items for 2001 increased substantially on a pro forma basis with the consolidation of Brookfield Properties’ operating results and reflects the interests of Brookfield Properties’ shareholders other than Brascan in those results.

Net income

Net income for 2002 and 2001 is determined as follows:

                           
              Pro Forma        
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2001

 
 
 
Income before non-cash items
  $ 636     $ 505     $ 215  
 
Depreciation and amortization
    (188 )     (157 )     (39 )
 
Taxes and other non-cash items
    (164 )     (122 )     7  
 
Minority share of non-cash items
    130       123        
 
   
     
     
 
Net income prior to equity accounted investments
    414       349       183  
Equity accounted investments Noranda
    (292 )     (44 )     (44 )
 
Nexfor
    8       6       6  
 
Brookfield Properties
                166  
 
   
     
     
 
Net income
  $ 130     $ 311     $ 311  
 
   
     
     
 
Per common share — diluted, prior to equity accounted investments
  $ 1.93     $ 1.74     $ 1.74  
 
   
     
     
 
Per common share — diluted
  $ 0.33     $ 1.52     $ 1.52  
 
   
     
     
 

Net income prior to equity accounted investments has shown growth similar to cash flow from operations, increasing to $414 million in 2002. Taking into account the equity accounted losses relating to Noranda as a result of restructuring charges and lower commodity prices, net income declined by $181 million from 2001.

“We focus our financial advisory services in the real estate, power generation and resource sectors where we have competitive advantages as a result of our many years of operating in these industries.”
Brian Kenning

NET INCOME PRIOR TO
RESOURCE INVESTMENTS
AND GAINS

(NET INCOME BAR CHART)

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Depreciation and amortization in 2002 increased by $31 million over the 2001 pro forma results, largely due to the acquisition of additional power generating stations. The 2001 pro forma results include $118 million attributable to the consolidation of Brookfield Properties.

Taxes and other non-cash items in the 2002 results and 2001 pro forma results consist primarily of amounts set aside by Brookfield Properties for future taxes.

The minority share of non-cash items in the 2002 and 2001 pro forma results reflects the interest of other Brookfield Properties’ shareholders in the foregoing expenses, whereas in 2001 these expenses were incurred principally by wholly-owned entities, and accordingly a smaller amount is attributable to shareholders other than Brascan.

Equity accounted results in 2001 include Brascan’s pro rata interest in Brookfield Properties,which was treated as an equity accounted investment in our audited consolidated financial statements, whereas the pro forma results reflect Brookfield Properties on a consolidated basis. The equity accounted results of Noranda and Nexfor are discussed on pages 40 and 41.

Operating Cash Flow

Cash flow from operations includes income before non-cash items together with dividends from investments and excludes items such as depreciation, non-cash tax provisions and earnings or losses from equity accounted affiliates. Although we consider net income to be an important performance measure, we do believe that operating cash flow is more relevant in assessing the value being created for our shareholders and have accordingly focussed most of our discussions on operating cash flows throughout management’s discussion and analysis.

In particular, the types of assets owned by Brascan tend to appreciate in value rather than depreciate, sustaining capital investments are low relative to depreciation, taxes are generally non-cash,and the realization of investment gains cannot be planned with certainty. Therefore the inclusion of these items does not provide our shareholders with an accurate assessment of underlying operating capacity. In addition, net income includes non-cash equity income and losses relating to our resource investments. As a result, we consider the most appropriate performance measure for Brascan to be cash flow from operations,which includes dividends received from investments.

                           
              Pro Forma        
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (MILLIONS)   2002   2001   2001

 
 
 
Net operating income
  $ 1,906     $ 1,802     $ 648  
Expenses, excluding non-cash items
    1,270       1,297       433  
 
   
     
     
 
Income before non-cash items
    636       505       215  
Dividends from:
                       
 
Noranda
    76       75       75  
 
Nexfor
    24       21       21  
 
Brookfield Properties
                40  
 
   
     
     
 
Cash flow from operations and gains
  $ 736     $ 601     $ 351  
 
   
     
     
 

Dividends from Noranda and Nexfor increased slightly during 2002 consistent with the increased shareholdings in each of these companies. Dividends from Brookfield Properties are reflected in the 2001 results as Brookfield Properties is accounted for under the equity method in that basis of presentation whereas the pro forma 2001 results reflect Brookfield Properties on a consolidated basis and hence any inter-corporate dividends are eliminated.

“We have successfully launched several income trusts and alternative asset funds with institutional investors to leverage our capital based on our industry specific expertise.”
Kelly Marshall

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Business Environment and Risks

Brascan’s financial results are impacted by the performance of each of our operations and various factors particular to our specific operating sectors and geographic locations, as well as by macro-economic factors such as economic growth and changes in currency, interest and inflation rates.

Our strategy is to invest in high quality assets which generate sustainable streams of cash flow. While high quality assets may initially generate lower returns on capital than those achievable from lesser quality assets, we believe that the sustainability and future growth of their cash flows is more assured and, as a result, warrant higher valuation levels. We also believe that the high quality of our asset base protects the company against future uncertainty and positions us to benefit from future investment opportunities.

The following is a brief review of the potential impact these different factors may have on the company’s business operations.

Commercial Properties

Real estate investments are generally subject to varying degrees of risk depending on the nature of the property. These risks include changes in general economic conditions (such as the availability and cost of mortgage funds), local conditions (such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for real estate in the area), the attractiveness of the properties to tenants, competition from others with available space and the ability of the owner to provide adequate maintenance at an economic cost.

Certain significant expenditures, including property taxes, maintenance costs, mortgage payments, insurance costs and related charges, must be made regardless of whether or not a property is producing sufficient income to service these expenses. Our commercial properties are subject to mortgages, which require significant debt service payments. If our real estate operations were unable or unwilling to meet mortgage payments on any property, losses could be sustained as a result of the mortgagee’s exercise of its rights of foreclosure or of sale.

Real estate is relatively illiquid. Such illiquidity will tend to limit our ability to vary the portfolio promptly in response to changing economic or investment conditions. Also, financial difficulties of other property owners resulting in distress sales may depress real estate values in the markets in which we operate.

Our commercial properties generate a relatively stable source of income from contractual tenant rent payments. Continued growth of rental income is dependent on strong leasing markets to ensure expiring leases are renewed and new tenants are found promptly to fill vacancies.

While the outlook for commercial office rents is positive in the longer term, 2003 may not provide the same level of increases in rental rates on renewal as compared to 2002. We are, however, substantially protected against these short-term market conditions, since most of our leases are long-term in nature with an average term of 10 years. A protracted disruption in the economy, such as the onset of a severe recession, could place downward pressure on overall occupancy levels and net effective rents.

Our commercial properties operations have insurance covering certain acts of terrorism for up to $450 million of damage and business interruption costs. The company continues to seek additional coverage equal to the full replacement cost of its assets; however, until this type of coverage becomes commercially available on an economically reasonable basis, any damage or business interruption costs as a result of uninsured acts of terrorism could result in a material cost to the company.

The downtown Manhattan market, which was adversely impacted by the events of September 11, 2001 is expected to recover before most of the company’s leases begin to expire after 2010.

“Our strategy of acquiring and developing high quality office properties in the downtown cores of select North American cities should allow us to meet the challenges of the current business environment with confidence.”
Gordon Arnell

“The privatization and integration of our financial services business furthered our strategy of owning 100% of our operating businesses.”
Tim Price

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Power Generating Operations

Operating income from hydroelectric power generation fluctuates in relation to the availability of water and the ability to generate and deliver power to markets with the highest power rates. While changes in the level of precipitation impact the amount of power generated by individual operations, the diversified locations of our hydroelectric power stations across several different watershed areas in Canada and the United States help to balance the financial impact of these fluctuations. Pricing risk is reduced, as most of our revenues are derived from fixed price contracts, the company’s forward sale of electricity production, and its regulated transmission and distribution business.

The Ontario government opened the Ontario electricity market to full competition on May 1, 2002, and has since imposed a retail price cap of $0.043 per kilowatt hour. This retail price cap does not apply to wholesale generation, and is not expected to have an adverse impact on the company. Approximately 40% of net operating income produced by our power generating activities is derived from power sold in Ontario.

Financial Operations

Our financial operations are cash flow generating businesses which,managed carefully, should produce stable cash flows. Unfavourable economic conditions generally create a higher volume of investment and merchant banking opportunities. In addition, economic conditions which lead to higher interest rate spreads between funds borrowed and funds loaned out,also have a favourable impact on cash flows. The stability of the cash flows will increase as we expand the scope of our asset management activities. Severe economic conditions can, however, have a major impact on profitability. Since we operate largely within our areas of expertise, we are prepared to take ownership of and operate most assets which we finance. As a result, should it be necessary to acquire financed assets, the company generally will be able to do so at a lower cost than if purchased in the equity markets.

Residential Properties

In the residential land development and home building businesses, markets have been favourable over the past five years with strong demand for well located building lots, particularly in the United States.

The value of land and housing assets are affected by consumer confidence, job stability and interest rates due to their impact on home buyers’ decisions. These conditions can affect consumers’ outlooks and, in particular, the price and volume of home purchases.

While the current economic conditions would normally reduce the level of home sales, low interest rates and home refinancing have kept home sales near record levels over the past 18 months. A sustained drop in consumer confidence or increased interest rates could negatively affect these operations.

Resource Investments

The financial results of our resource investments are cyclical in nature. Noranda’s and Nexfor’s products are primarily exported to markets in the United States, Europe and Asia. As a result, fluctuations in the level of economic activity and in these export markets influence the demand for and prices of resource products.

We do not expect real industrial growth to accelerate until the latter half of 2003 or into 2004. As a result, the operating performance of our resource investments are expected to be negatively affected by depressed commodity prices throughout 2003.

Execution of Strategy

Our strategy for building long-term shareholder value is to acquire or develop high quality assets which generate sustainable and increasing cash flows, with the objective of achieving higher returns on capital invested.

“Deregulation and turmoil within the North American power industry provided us with a unique opportunity to expand our generation asset base for value.”
Ed Kress

“With our major resource development programs now completed, our cash flows from this sector will increase significantly, strengthening our competitive position.”
David Kerr

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As part of our growth strategy, we endeavour to maintain a high level of liquidity in order to be in a position to invest on a value basis. This entails adding assets to our existing businesses when the competition for assets is lowest, either due to depressed economic conditions or when concerns exist relating to a particular industry. However, there is no certainty that we will continue to be able to acquire or develop additional high quality assets at attractive prices to supplement growth from our existing assets.

The successful execution of a value investment strategy requires careful timing and business judgement, as well as the resources to complete asset purchases and restructure them as required, notwithstanding difficulties being experienced in the industry. Our diversified business base and the sustainability of our cash flows provide an important element of strength in executing this strategy.

The conduct of Brascan’s business and the execution of our growth strategy rely heavily on teamwork both within and between business units in order to reduce their costs and enhance returns. We believe that co-operation between our operations, as well as our team-oriented management structure, enable us to respond promptly to opportunities and problems when they arise.

Long-term planning is encouraged by aligning senior executives’ interests though substantial share ownership in the company. We have found this approach to be effective in encouraging the successful implementation of business plans. However, declining share prices may on occasion encourage executives with shorter term objectives to leave or require replacement. This can lead to a loss of business momentum unless the required management changes are quickly and effectively implemented. There is no certainty that management changes will always be successfully implemented.

Outlook

Our goal is to build long-term shareholder value by acquiring high quality assets at attractive values, by actively working to increase returns from currently owned assets, and by continuously pursuing new opportunities for future growth.

With well-established positions in our three operating businesses and management teams dedicated to the creation of value, we believe that we are well positioned to achieve our goal.

Pro Forma Financial Statements

The following pro forma consolidated financial statements reflect the consolidation of Brookfield Properties throughout. As a result, they differ from the audited consolidated financial statements presented on pages 60 through 85 of this report which reflect the consolidation of Brookfield Properties from December 31, 2001 only and on an equity accounted basis prior to that date.

We have included these statements because we believe they assist readers in understanding our business by providing fully comparable financial information. It is important to note that the consolidated balances and 2002 operating results are the same under either presentation,whereas the 2001 and 2000 operating results differ from the operating results contained in our consolidated financial statements for each of these periods, principally due to the different treatment of Brookfield Properties. The differences are discussed in more detail within the preceding Reconciliation of Pro Forma and Consolidated Financial Statements. With the exception of the accounting for Brookfield Properties, these pro forma consolidated financial statements are prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, readers are encouraged to refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto which describe the significant accounting policies and provide supplementary information.

“As a public company listed on the New York and Toronto stock exchanges, we aim to meet and exceed the standards of corporate governance evolving in North America.”
Bob Harding

“A commitment to teamwork and dealing fairly with business partners will remain a strategic cornerstone in the expansion of our businesses.”
Jack Cockwell

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