Securities Act Registration No. 033-96634

Investment Company Act Reg. No. 811-09094

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________________

FORM N-1A

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933	☒
Pre-Effective Amendment No.	☐
Post-Effective Amendment No. 56	☒
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940	☒

Amendment No. 57 ☒ (Check appropriate box or boxes.) ___________________________________

LEUTHOLD FUNDS, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

150 South Fifth Street, Suite 1700
Minneapolis, Minnesota		55402
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(ZIP Code)

(612) 332-9141 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)
	Copy to:
John C. Mueller
The Leuthold Group, LLC d/b/a Leuthold Weeden Capital Management	Peter D. Fetzer
150 South Fifth Street	Foley & Lardner LLP
Suite 1700	777 East Wisconsin Avenue
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402	Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the Registration Statement becomes effective.

It is proposed that this filing become effective (check appropriate box):

☒ immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

☐ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)

☐ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

☐ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

☐ 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

☐ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

If appropriate, check the following box:

☐ This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

Prospectus
January 6, 2020

The Leuthold Funds

Leuthold Core ETF
(LCR)

Listed on NYSE Arca, Inc.

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), paper copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the Fund’s reports from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. Please contact your financial intermediary to elect to receive shareholder reports and other Fund communications electronically.

You may elect to receive all future Fund reports in paper free of charge. Please contact your financial intermediary to inform them that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of Fund shareholder reports and for details about whether your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held with your financial intermediary.

The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this Prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Table of Contents

Summary Information	2
Leuthold Core ETF	2
Additional Information About the Fund	7
Additional Information About the Fund’s Non-Principal Risks	13
Portfolio Holdings Information	14
Management of the Fund	15
How to Buy and Sell Shares	15
Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes	17
Financial Highlights	19

Summary Information

Leuthold Core ETF

Investment Objective

The Leuthold Core ETF (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation and income (or “total return”).

Fund Fees and Expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund (“Shares”). This table and the Example below do not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay on their purchases and sales of Shares.

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management Fees	0.50%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees	None
Other Expenses¹	0.62%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses^{1, 2}	0.21%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	1.33%
Expense Reimbursement³	-0.47%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement	0.86%

”Other Expenses” and “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not directly borne by the Fund, and they are not reflected in the Fund’s financial statements, with the result that the information presented in the expense table may differ from that presented in the financial highlights.

The Fund’s investment adviser has contractually agreed to waive its advisory fee to the extent necessary to insure that Net Expenses (excluding Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses) do not exceed 0.65% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. The expense limitation agreement will remain in effect until January 31, 2021. The Fund’s investment adviser may recover waived fees for three years from the time the expenses were waived or incurred, provided total expenses, including such recovery, are limited to the lesser of (1) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the waiver and (2) the expense limitation in effect at the time of recovery.

Example

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of these periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s expenses are equal to the net Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement for the first year and the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses for the remaining years. The return of 5% and estimated expenses are for illustration purposes only, and should not be considered indicators of expected Fund expenses or performance, which may be greater or less than the estimates. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

One Year	Three Years
$88	$326

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. The Fund is newly organized and, as of the date of the Prospectus, has not had any portfolio turnover.

Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund

The Fund is an actively-managed “exchange-traded fund of funds” and seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in other registered investment companies, including other actively-managed exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and index-based ETFs (collectively, “Underlying Funds”), that provide exposure to a broad range of asset classes. The Fund will not invest more than 25% in any Underlying Fund. The Underlying Funds may invest in equity securities of U.S. or foreign companies; debt obligations of U.S. or foreign companies or governments; or investments such as volatility indexes and managed futures. The Fund allocates its assets across asset classes, geographic regions, and industries, subject to certain diversification and liquidity considerations. The Fund’s investments in foreign countries may include exposure to emerging markets. The Fund generally defines emerging market countries as countries that are not included in the MSCI World Index of major world economies.

The Fund considers a number of factors when making its allocations, including economic conditions and monetary factors, inflation and interest rate levels and trends, investor confidence, and technical stock market measures. Specifically, the Fund uses a disciplined, unemotional, quantitative investment approach that is based on the belief investors can achieve superior investment performance through sector selection. Pursuant to this approach, the investment adviser believes that as shifts among industry sectors in the equity market have become more dramatic, sector selection has become an important aspect in determining investment performance. The investment adviser considers a sector to be a collection of stocks whose investment performance tends to be similarly influenced

by a variety of factors. Examples include “Information Technology,” “Health Care,” and “Consumer Discretionary.” The investment adviser continuously updates its investment discipline and adjusts the Fund’s portfolio as necessary to keep the Fund invested in sectors which the Adviser believes are the most attractive.

Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act, in relevant part, prohibits a registered investment company from acquiring shares of an investment company if after such acquisition the securities represent more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company, more than 5% of the total assets of the acquiring company, or, together with the securities of any other investment companies, more than 10% of the total assets of the acquiring company except in reliance on certain exceptions contained in the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. As permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission in the adopting release for Rule 6c-11, the Fund is permitted to invest in both affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies, including Underlying Funds in excess of the limits in Section 12 of the Investment Company Act subject to the terms and conditions in recent ETF exemptive orders.

The Fund expects that normally:

•

30% to 70% of its total assets will be invested in Underlying Funds that principally invest in common stocks and other equity securities (such Underlying Funds may invest principally in specific sectors of the economy, such as healthcare, financials, real estate, and energy or in broader swaths of domestic, foreign, or global equity market;

•	30% to 70% of its net assets will be invested in Underlying Funds that principally invest in bonds and other debt securities (other than money market instruments), except during prolonged periods of low interest rates; and

•	up to 20% of its assets will be invested in Underlying Funds that principally invest in near-cash investments.

Underlying Funds that invest in bonds and other debt securities may invest in U.S. government debt, sovereign debt, U.S. and foreign corporate debt, high-yield debt (also known as “junk bonds”), U.S. government agency issued mortgage debt, structured debt, and U.S. government agency issued asset-backed securities. Such Underlying Funds may hold debt denominated in U.S. dollars or foreign currencies. The Fund has no limitation on the range of maturities or credit quality of the debt in which Underlying Funds may invest.

Underlying Funds used for real estate exposure may invest some or all of their assets in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and Underlying Funds used for energy exposure may invest some or all of their assets in master limited partnerships (“MLPs”), but investments in these type of Underlying Funds will not be a principal investment strategy.

In addition to the Underlying Funds, the Fund may invest in non-investment company exchange-traded products (“ETPs” and together with the Underlying Funds, “Underlying Investments”).

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in Underlying Investments that invest some or all of their assets in commodities, volatility indexes, and managed futures. The Fund may engage, on a non-principal basis, in short sales of index-related and other equity securities to reduce its equity exposure or to profit from an anticipated decline in the price of the security sold short.

The Fund will invest in Underlying Investments that may include the following equity strategies:

•	Large, mid, or small capitalization common stocks;

•	Growth stocks, value stocks, or cyclical stocks;

•	Aggressive stocks or defensive stocks;

•	Stocks in any industry or sector;

•	Stocks in emerging and less developed markets;

•	Common stocks of foreign issuers; and

•

Options.

The Leuthold Group, LLC Leuthold d/b/a Leuthold Weeden Capital Management (referred to as the “Adviser” or “Leuthold Weeden Capital Management”) selects specific Underlying Investments based on an evaluation of their market exposure, liquidity, cost, and historic tracking error relative to their underlying index or benchmark. The Adviser continuously updates its investment discipline and adjusts the Fund’s portfolio as necessary to keep the Fund invested in Underlying Investments which the Adviser believes are the most attractive. Such adjustments usually result in high portfolio turnover.

Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund

The principal risks of investing in the Fund, including those related to the Fund’s Underlying Investments, are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. The following risks could affect the value of your investment in the Fund:

•

Market Risk: The prices of the securities, particularly the common stocks in which Underlying Investments may invest, may decline for a number of reasons. The price declines of common stocks, in particular, may be steep, sudden, and/or prolonged. In the past decade financial markets throughout the world have experienced increased volatility and heightened uncertainty.

•

Interest Rate Risk: In general, the value of bonds and other debt securities falls when interest rates rise. Longer term obligations are usually more sensitive to interest rate changes than shorter term obligations. While bonds and other debt securities normally fluctuate less in price than common stocks, there have been extended periods of increases in interest rates that have caused significant declines in bond prices. Many debt securities utilize LIBOR as the reference or benchmark rate for variable interest rate calculations. If LIBOR in its current form does not survive or if an alternative index is chosen, the market value and/or liquidity of securities with distributions or interest rates based on LIBOR could be adversely affected.

•

Credit Risk: The issuers of the bonds and other debt securities held by the Underlying Investments in which the Fund invests may not be able to make interest or principal payments. Even if these issuers are able to make interest or principal payments, they may suffer adverse changes in financial condition that would lower the credit quality of the security, leading to greater volatility in the price of the security.

•

Foreign and Emerging Markets Securities Risk: The securities of foreign issuers may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. The costs associated with securities transactions are often higher in foreign countries than the U.S. The U.S. dollar value of foreign securities traded in foreign currencies (and any dividends and interest earned) held by the Underlying Investments in which the Fund invests may be affected unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. An increase in the U.S. dollar relative to these other currencies will adversely affect the Fund. Additionally, investments in foreign securities, even those publicly traded in the United States, may involve risks which are in addition to those inherent in domestic investments. Foreign companies may be subject to significantly higher levels of taxation than U.S. companies, including potentially confiscatory levels of taxation, thereby reducing the earnings potential of such foreign companies. Substantial withholding taxes may apply to distributions from foreign companies. Foreign companies may not be subject to the same regulatory requirements of U.S. companies, and as a consequence, there may be less publicly available information about such companies. Policy and legislative changes in foreign countries and other events affecting global markets, such as the United Kingdom’s expected exit from the European Union (or Brexit), may contribute to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. Also, foreign companies may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. Foreign governments and foreign economies often are less stable than the U.S. government and the U.S. economy. The risks associated with international investing will be greater in emerging markets than in more developed foreign markets because, among other things, emerging markets may have less stable political and economic environments.

•

Currency Exchange Rate Risk. Changes in currency exchange rates and the relative value of non-U.S. currencies will affect the value of the Fund’s Underlying Investments with underlying foreign shares and the value of your Shares. Because the Fund’s NAV is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, the U.S. dollar value of your investment in the Fund may go down if the value of the local currency of the non-U.S. markets in which the Fund invests through Underlying Investments depreciates against the U.S. dollar. This is true even if the local currency value of securities held by the Fund goes up. Conversely, the dollar value of your investment in the Fund may go up if the value of the local currency appreciates against the U.S. dollar. The value of the U.S. dollar measured against other currencies is influenced by a variety of factors. These factors include: national debt levels and trade deficits, changes in balances of payments and trade, domestic and foreign interest and inflation rates, global or regional political, economic or financial events, monetary policies of governments, actual or potential government intervention, and global energy prices. Political instability, the possibility of government intervention and restrictive or opaque business and investment policies may also reduce the value of a country’s currency. Government monetary policies and the buying or selling of currency by a country’s government may also influence exchange rates. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning, and you may lose money.

•

High Portfolio Turnover Risk: The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover may exceed 100%. (Generally speaking, a turnover rate of 100% occurs when the Fund replaces securities valued at 100% of its average net assets within a one year period.) High portfolio turnover (100% or more) will result in the Fund incurring more transaction costs such as brokerage commissions or mark-ups or mark-downs. Payment of those transaction costs reduces total return. High portfolio turnover could result in the payment by the Fund’s stockholders of increased taxes on realized gains. Distributions to the Fund’s stockholders, to the extent they are short-term capital gains, will be taxed at ordinary income rates for federal income tax purposes, rather than at lower capital gains rates.

•

Asset Allocation Risk: The Fund’s performance will also be affected by the Adviser’s ability to anticipate correctly the relative potential returns and risks of the asset classes in which the Fund invests. For example, the Fund’s relative investment performance would suffer if only a small portion of its assets were allocated to Underlying Investments invested in stocks during a significant stock market advance, and its absolute investment performance would suffer if a major portion of its assets were allocated to Underlying Investments invested in stocks during a market decline. Finally, since the Fund intends to assume only prudent investment risk, there will be periods in which the Fund underperforms mutual funds that are willing to assume greater risk.

•

Quantitative Investment Approach Risk: The Fund utilizes a quantitative investment approach. While the Adviser continuously reviews and refines, if necessary, its investment approach, there may be market conditions where the quantitative investment approach performs poorly.

•

Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk is the risk, due to certain investments trading in lower volumes or to market and economic conditions, that the Fund may be unable to find a buyer for its investments when it seeks to sell them or to receive the price it expects based on the Fund’s valuation of the investments. Events that may lead to increased redemptions, such as market disruptions, may also negatively impact the liquidity of the Fund’s investments when it needs to dispose of them. If the Fund is forced to sell its investments at an unfavorable time and/or under adverse conditions in order to meet redemption requests, such sales could negatively affect the Fund. Liquidity issues may also make it difficult to value the Fund’s investments.

•

High-Yield Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that primarily invest in high-yield securities (also known as “junk bonds”). Although high-yield securities generally pay higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, high-yield securities are speculative, high risk investments that may cause income and principal losses for such Underlying Investments and, consequently, negatively affect the value of the Fund’s investment in such Underlying Investments. High-yield securities may be issued by companies that are restructuring, are smaller and less creditworthy, or are more highly indebted than other companies. This means that they may have more difficulty making scheduled payments of principal and interest. Changes in the value of high-yield securities are influenced more by changes in the financial and business position of the issuing company than by changes in interest rates when compared to investment grade securities. The Fund’s exposure to high-yield securities may subject it to a substantial degree of credit risk.

•

Investment Company Risk. The risks of investing in investment companies, such as the Underlying Funds, typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the investment companies invest. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company and bears its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the other investment company. The Fund may be subject to statutory limits with respect to the amount it can invest in other ETFs, which may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Investments in ETFs are also subject to the following risks: (i) an ETF’s shares may trade at a market price above or below their net asset value (“NAV”); (ii) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted for a number of reasons.

•

Managed Futures Strategy/Commodities Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that principally invest in the commodities markets through investment in managed futures programs. Such investments may subject an Underlying Investment to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Commodities are real assets such as oil, agriculture, livestock, industrial metals, and precious metals such as gold or silver. Prices of commodities and related contracts may fluctuate significantly over short periods for a variety of reasons, including weather and natural disasters; governmental, agricultural, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies; acts of terrorism, tariffs and U.S. and international economic, political, military and regulatory developments. The demand and supply of these commodities may also fluctuate widely based on such factors as interest rates, investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, currency exchange rates, the production and cost levels of the producers and/or forward selling by such producers, global or regional political, economic or financial events, purchases and sales by central banks, and trading activities by hedge funds and other commodity funds. Commodity Underlying Investments may use derivatives, such as futures, options, and swaps, which expose them to further risks, including counterparty risk (i.e., the risk that the institution on the other side of the trade will default).

•

Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that principally invest in mortgage- and asset-backed securities. Such securities are subject to credit, interest rate, prepayment, and extension risks (see “Fixed Income Securities Risk” above). These securities also are subject to risk of default on the underlying mortgage or asset, particularly during periods of economic downturn. Small movements in interest rates may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain mortgage-backed securities.

•

REIT Investment Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that primarily invest in REITs. Investments in REITs involve unique risks. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume, and may be more volatile than other securities. The risks of investing in REITs include certain risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate and the real estate industry in general. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, and self-liquidation.

•	Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests in Underlying Investments that are more heavily invested in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

•

Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant.

•

Small and Mid-Capitalization Company Stock Risk. The Fund may invest in Underlying Investments that primarily invest in the common stock of small- or mid-capitalization companies. Small to mid-capitalization company stocks have historically been subject to greater investment risk than large company stocks. The prices of small- to mid-capitalization company stocks tend to be more volatile and less liquid than large company stocks.

•	New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized, diversified management investment company with a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision.

As a result, the Fund is a suitable investment only for those investors who have medium to long-term investment goals. Prospective investors who are uncomfortable with an investment that may decrease in value should not invest in the Fund. The Adviser does not intend the Fund to be a fixed, balanced investment program. Rather, the Fund is intended to be a flexible core investment suitable for long-term investors. Long-term investors may wish to supplement an investment in the Fund with other investments to satisfy their short-term financial needs and to diversify their exposure to various markets and asset classes.

Performance Information

The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this section. Updated performance information is also available on the Fund’s website, https://funds.leutholdgroup.com.

Investment Adviser

Leuthold Weeden Capital Management is the investment adviser to the Fund.

Portfolio Managers

Douglas R. Ramsey, CFA, Scott D. Opsal, CFA, and Chun Wang, CFA, are the portfolio managers of the Fund. Mr. Ramsey is the chief investment officer and a portfolio manager of the Adviser and has been a senior analyst of The Leuthold Group since 2005. Mr. Opsal is a portfolio manager of the Adviser and has been Director of Research and Equities of The Leuthold Group since 2016. Mr. Wang is a portfolio manager of the Adviser and has been a senior analyst of The Leuthold Group since 2009.

Purchase and Sale of Shares

Shares are listed on NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and most investors will buy and sell Shares through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).

The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (“APs”) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. Creation Units generally consist of 25,000 Shares, though this may change from time to time. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities, assets or other positions closely approximating the holdings of the Fund (referred to as a “basket” or “Deposit Securities”) and an amount of U.S. cash to account for any difference between the value of the basket and the net asset value of the Creation Units.

Tax Information

Fund distributions are generally will be taxable to you, whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in Shares, unless you invest through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account (IRA), in which case such distributions may be taxable at a later date.

Financial Intermediary Compensation

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.

Additional Information About the Fund

Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund

The Fund seeks capital appreciation and income (or “total return”). The Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed without shareholder approval upon written notice to shareholders.

The Fund expects that normally:

•

•	30% to 70% of its net assets will be invested in Underlying Funds that principally invest in bonds and other debt securities (other than money market instruments), except during prolonged periods of low interest rates; and

•	up to 20% of its assets will be invested in Underlying Funds that principally invest in near-cash investments.

In addition to the Underlying Funds, the Fund may invest in non-investment company exchange-traded products (“ETPs” and together with the Underlying Funds, “Underlying Investments”).

The Fund will invest in Underlying Investments that may include the following equity strategies:

•	Large, mid, or small capitalization common stocks;

•	Growth stocks, value stocks, or cyclical stocks;

•	Aggressive stocks or defensive stocks;

•	Stocks in any industry or sector;

•	Stocks in emerging and less developed markets;

•	Common stocks of foreign issuers; and

•

Options.

Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund

The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of the Fund’s principal investment risks in the section titled “Fund Summary—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund” above. Each of the factors below could have a negative impact on Fund performance and trading prices.

Asset Allocation Risk. The Fund may favor an asset category or investment strategy that performs poorly relative to other asset categories and investment strategies for short or long periods of time. The Adviser’s decisions as to the allocation of assets may be based on historic information and may not reflect more recent technical or fundamental metrics. Additionally, because the Fund may weight certain asset categories or investment strategies at zero, the Fund may miss positive changes in an asset category’s or investment strategy’s performance and fail to capture upside performance for an asset category or investment strategy.

Foreign and Emerging Markets Securities Risk. Investments in securities and instruments traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and instruments. For example, developing and emerging markets may be subject to (i) greater market volatility, (ii) lower trading volume and liquidity, (iii) greater social, political and economic uncertainty, (iv) governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital, (v) lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards, (vi) fewer protections of property rights, (vii) restrictions on the transfer of securities or currency, and (viii) settlement and trading practices that differ from those in U.S. markets. Each of these factors may impact the ability of an Underlying Investment to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affect the trading market and price for Underlying Investment shares and cause the Fund to decline in value.

Capital Controls and Sanctions Risk. Economic conditions, such as volatile currency exchange rates and interest rates, political events, military action and other conditions may, without prior warning, lead to government intervention (including intervention by the U.S. government with respect to foreign governments, economic sectors, foreign companies and related securities and interests) and the imposition of capital controls and/or sanctions, which may also include retaliatory actions of one government against another government, such as seizure of assets. Capital controls and/or sanctions include the prohibition of, or restrictions on, the ability to transfer currency, securities or other assets. Levies may be placed on profits repatriated by foreign entities (such as the Underlying Investments). Capital controls and/or sanctions may also impact the ability of an Underlying Investment to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities or currency, negatively impact the value and/or liquidity of such instruments, adversely affect the trading market and price for shares of the Underlying Investments, and cause the Underlying Investment and the Fund to decline in value.

Geopolitical Risk. Some countries and regions in which the Underlying Investments invest have experienced security concerns, war or threats of war and aggression, terrorism, economic uncertainty, natural and environmental disasters and/or systemic market dislocations that have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on the U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Such geopolitical and other events may also disrupt securities markets and, during such market disruptions, the Fund’s exposure to the other risks described herein, through the Underlying Investments, will likely increase. Each of the foregoing may negatively impact the Fund’s investments.

Market Risk. Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including: expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic and banking crises. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of the issuer because common stockholders, or holders of equivalent interests, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from issuers in comparison with the rights of preferred stockholders, bondholders, and other creditors of such issuers.

The prices of the securities, particularly the common stocks in which Underlying Investments may invest, may decline for a number of reasons. The price declines of common stocks, in particular, may be steep, sudden, and/or prolonged. In the past decade financial markets throughout the world have experienced increased volatility and heightened uncertainty. A rise in protectionist trade policies, slowing global economic growth, risks associated with the United Kingdom’s vote to leave the European Union, the trade dispute between the United States and China, the risk of trade disputes with other countries, and the possibility of changes to some international trade agreements, could affect the economies of many nations, including the United States, in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time.

Fixed Income Securities Risk. Fixed income securities, such as bonds and certain asset-backed securities, involve certain risks, which include:

Credit Risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a security will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Underlying Investment’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on both the financial condition of the issuer and the terms of the obligation.

Event Risk. Event risk is the risk that corporate issuers may undergo restructurings, such as mergers, leveraged buyouts, takeovers, or similar events financed by increased debt. As a result of the added debt, the credit quality and market value of a company’s bonds and/or other debt securities may decline significantly.

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these securities to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to future changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than the value of shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.

Interest Rate Risk. Generally, the value of fixed income securities will change inversely with changes in interest rates. As interest rates rise, the market value of fixed income securities tends to decrease. Conversely, as interest rates fall, the market value of fixed income securities tends to increase. This risk will be greater for long-term securities than for short-term securities. An Underlying Investment may take steps to attempt to reduce the exposure of its portfolio to interest rate changes; however, there can be no guarantee that the Fund will take such actions or that the Fund will be successful in reducing the impact of interest rate changes on the portfolio. In recent periods, governmental financial regulators, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, have taken steps to maintain historically low interest rates. Changes in government intervention may have adverse effects on investments, volatility, and illiquidity in debt markets.

Prepayment Risk. When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments tends to increase (as does price fluctuation) as borrowers are motivated to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. During such periods, reinvestment of the prepayment proceeds by the management team will generally be at lower rates of return than the return on the assets that were prepaid. Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of the security.

Variable and Floating Rate Instrument Risk. The absence of an active market for these securities could make it difficult for the Underlying Investment to dispose of them if the issuer defaults.

Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in foreign securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in foreign securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a foreign issuer than a U.S. issuer. Foreign issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers. Investments in foreign securities may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. With respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of government intervention and expropriation or nationalization of assets. Because legal systems differ, there is also the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Underlying Investment does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the Underlying Investment’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Underlying Investment’s or the Fund’s shares. Conversely, the Underlying Investment’s and the Fund’s shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Each of these factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

High-Yield Securities Risk. Unrated or lower-rated fixed income securities and other instruments, sometimes referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, may include securities that have the lowest rating or are in default. Investing in lower-rated or unrated securities involves special risks in addition to the risks associated with investments in higher-rated fixed income securities, including a high degree of credit risk. Lower-rated or unrated securities may be regarded as predominately speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers/issues of lower-rated or unrated securities may be more complex than for issuers/issues of higher quality debt securities. Lower-rated or unrated securities may be more susceptible to losses and real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher-grade securities. Securities that are in the lowest rating category are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, to have a current identifiable vulnerability to default, and to be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The secondary markets on which lower-rated or unrated securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher-grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading markets could adversely affect and cause large fluctuations in the value of such investments. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated or unrated securities, especially in a thinly traded market. It is possible that a major economic recession could disrupt severely the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is possible that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default of such securities. Furthermore, with respect to certain residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, it is difficult to obtain current reliable information regarding delinquency rates, prepayment rates, servicing records, as well as updated cash flows. The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating lower-rated or unrated securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of lower-rated securities. In addition, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was rated.

Investment Company Risk. The Fund may invest in shares of investment companies, such as ETFs, that invest in a wide range of instruments designed to track the performance of a particular securities market index (or sector of an index) or that are actively-managed. The risks of investment in these securities typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the investment company invests. When the Fund invests in investment company securities, shareholders of the Fund bear indirectly their proportionate share of their fees and expenses, as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses. As a result, an investment by the Fund in an investment company will cause the Fund’s operating expenses (taking into account indirect expenses such as the fees and expenses of the investment company) to be higher and, in turn, performance to be lower than if it were to invest directly in the instruments underlying the investment company. Additionally, there may not be an active trading market available for shares of some ETFs. Shares of an ETF may also trade in the market at a premium or discount to their NAV.

Managed Futures Strategy/Commodities Risk. Investments in managed futures programs may subject an Underlying Investment to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Commodities are real assets such as oil, agriculture, livestock, industrial metals, and precious metals such as gold or silver. Prices of commodities and related contracts may fluctuate significantly over short periods for a variety of reasons, including weather and natural disasters; governmental, agricultural, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies; acts of terrorism, tariffs and U.S. and international economic, political, military and regulatory developments. The demand and supply of these commodities may also fluctuate widely based on such factors as interest rates, investors’ expectation with respect to the rate of inflation, currency exchange rates, the production and cost levels of the producers and/or forward selling by such producers, global or regional political, economic or financial events, purchases and sales by central banks, and trading activities by hedge funds and other commodity funds. Commodity Underlying Investments may use derivatives, such as futures, options, and swaps, which expose them to further risks, including counterparty risk (i.e., the risk that the institution on the other side of the trade will default).

Management Risk. The Fund is actively-managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund.

Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities (residential and commercial) and asset-backed securities represent interests in “pools” of mortgages or other assets, including consumer loans or receivables held in trust. Although asset-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) generally experience less prepayment risk than residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), each of RMBS, CMBS and asset-backed securities, like traditional fixed-income securities, are subject to credit, interest rate, prepayment and extension risks. See “Fixed Income Securities Risk” above.

Small movements in interest rates (both increases and decreases) may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain mortgage-backed securities. The Fund's investments in asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-related securities, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets. These securities also are subject to the risk of default on the underlying mortgage or assets, particularly during periods of economic downturn. Certain CMBS are issued in several classes with different levels of yield and credit protection. The Fund's investments in CMBS with several classes may be in the lower classes that have greater risks than the higher classes, including greater interest rate, credit and prepayment risks.

The mortgage market in the United States recently has experienced difficulties that may adversely affect the performance and market value of certain of the Fund's mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies and losses on mortgage loans (including subprime and second-lien mortgage loans) generally have increased recently and may continue to increase, and a decline in or flattening of real-estate values (as has recently been experienced and may continue to be experienced in many housing markets) may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses. Also, a number of mortgage loan originators have recently experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy. Reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements have caused limited liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage-related securities, which can adversely affect the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could continue or worsen.

Asset-backed securities entail certain risks not presented by mortgage-backed securities, including the risk that in certain states it may be difficult to perfect the liens securing the collateral backing certain asset-backed securities. In addition, certain asset-backed securities are based on loans that are unsecured, which means that there is no collateral to seize if the underlying borrower defaults. Certain mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund may invest may also provide a degree of investment leverage, which could cause the Fund to lose all or substantially all of its investment.

Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in RMBS. Holders of RMBS bear various risks, including credit, market, interest rate, structural, and legal risks. RMBS represent interests in pools of residential mortgage loans secured by one to four family residential mortgage loans. RMBS are particularly susceptible to prepayment risks, as they generally do not contain prepayment penalties and a reduction in interest rates will increase the prepayments on the RMBS.

The rate of defaults and losses on residential mortgage loans will be affected by a number of factors, including general economic conditions and those in the geographic area where the mortgaged property is located, the terms of the mortgage loan, the borrower's equity in the mortgaged property, and the financial circumstances of the borrower. Certain mortgage loans may be of sub-prime credit quality (i.e., do not meet the customary credit standards of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). Delinquencies and liquidation proceedings are more likely with sub-prime mortgage loans than with mortgage loans that satisfy customary credit standards. If a portfolio of RMBS is backed by loans with disproportionately large aggregate principal amounts secured by properties in only a few states or regions in the United States, residential mortgage loans may be more susceptible to geographic risks relating to such areas. Violation of laws, public policies, and principles designed to protect consumers may limit the servicer's ability to collect all or part of the principal or interest on a residential mortgage loan, entitle the borrower to a refund of amounts previously paid by it, or subject the servicer to damages and administrative enforcement. Any such violation could also result in cash flow delays and losses on the related issue of RMBS. It is not expected that RMBS will be guaranteed or insured by any U.S. governmental agency or instrumentality or by any other person. Distributions on RMBS will depend solely upon the amount and timing of payments and other collections on the related underlying mortgage loans.

Non-Investment-Grade RMBS Risk. The Fund may invest in RMBS that are non-investment grade, which means that major rating agencies rate them below the top four investment-grade rating categories (i.e., “AAA” through “BBB”). Non-investment grade RMBS tend to be less liquid, may have a higher risk of default, and may be more difficult to value than investment grade bonds. Recessions or poor economic or pricing conditions in the markets associated with RMBS may cause defaults or losses on loans underlying such securities. Non-investment grade securities are considered speculative, and their capacity to pay principal and interest in accordance with the terms of their issue is not certain, which may impair the Fund's performance and reduce the return on its investments.

New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized, diversified management investment company with a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision.

REIT Investment Risk. Investments in REITs involve unique risks. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume, and may be more volatile than other securities. In addition, to the extent the Fund holds interests in REITs, it is expected that investors in the Fund will bear two layers of asset-based management fees and expenses (directly at the Fund level and indirectly at the REIT level). The risks of investing in REITs include certain risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate and the real estate industry in general. These include risks related to general, regional and local economic conditions; fluctuations in interest rates and property tax rates; shifts in zoning laws, environmental regulations and other governmental action such as the exercise of eminent domain; cash flow dependency; increased operating expenses; lack of availability of mortgage funds; losses due to natural disasters; overbuilding; losses due to casualty or condemnation; changes in property values and rental rates; and other factors.

In addition to these risks, residential/diversified REITs and commercial equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, REITs could possibly fail to qualify for the beneficial tax treatment available to REITs under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund expects that dividends received from a REIT and distributed to Fund shareholders generally will be taxable to the shareholder as ordinary income. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting investments.

Sector Risk. The Fund’s investing approach may dictate an emphasis on certain sectors, industries, or sub-sectors of the market at any given time. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in one sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market, it thereby presents a more concentrated risk and its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors, industries, or sub-sectors. In addition, the value of Shares may change at different rates compared to the value of shares of a fund with investments in a more diversified mix of sectors and industries. An individual sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market may have above-average performance during particular periods, but may also move up and down more than the broader market. The several industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events. The Fund’s performance could also be affected if the sectors, industries, or sub-sectors do not perform as expected. Alternatively, the lack of exposure to one or more sectors or industries may adversely affect performance.

Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of the Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly, including due to supply and demand of the Fund’s Shares and/or during periods of market volatility. Thus, you may pay more (or less) than NAV intra-day when you buy Shares in the secondary market, and you may receive more (or less) than NAV when you sell those Shares in the secondary market. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant.

Because securities held by the Underlying Investments in which the Fund invests may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when the Fund’s and each Underlying Investment’s primary listing exchange is open, there are likely to be deviations between the current price of an Underlying Investment’s underlying security and the security’s last quoted price from the closed foreign market. This may result in premiums and discounts that are greater than those experienced by domestic ETFs.

Small and Mid-Capitalization Company Risk. Small and mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of larger-capitalization companies. The securities of small-and mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than larger capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some smaller capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to larger capitalization companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies. Smaller-capitalization companies also may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, government regulation, borrowing costs and earnings.

Additional Information About the Fund’s Non-Principal Risks

This section provides additional information regarding certain non-principal risks of investing in the Fund. Each of the factors below could have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance and trading prices.

MLP Risk. MLPs involve risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the MLP, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between the MLP and the MLP’s general partner, and cash flow risks. MLP common units and other equity securities can be affected by macroeconomic and other factors affecting the stock market in general, expectations of interest rates, investor sentiment towards MLPs or the energy sector, changes in a particular issuer’s financial condition or unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance of a particular issuer (in the case of MLPs, generally measured in terms of distributable cash flow). Prices of common units of individual MLPs and other equity securities also can be affected by fundamentals unique to the partnership or company, including earnings power and coverage ratios. If an Underlying Fund holds an MLP until its cost basis for tax purposes is reduced to zero, subsequent distributions received by the Underlying Fund will be taxed at ordinary income rates, and a shareholder may receive a corrected Form 1099.

MLPs typically do not pay U.S. federal income tax at the partnership level. Instead, each partner is allocated a share of the partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions and expenses. A change in current tax law or in the underlying business mix of a given MLP could result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would result in such MLP being required to pay U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income. The classification of an MLP as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes would have the effect of reducing the amount of cash available for distribution by the MLP. Thus, if any of the MLPs owned by an Underlying Investment were treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it could result in a reduction of the value of the Fund’s investment in the Underlying Investment and lower income, as compared to an MLP that is not taxed as a corporation.

Short Sales Risk: The Fund will suffer a loss if it sells a security short and the value of the security rises rather than falls. It is possible that the Fund’s long positions will decline in value at the same time that the value of its securities sold short increase, thereby increasing potential losses to the Fund. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to buy the security sold short (alsoknown as “covering” the short position) at a time when the security has appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. The Fund’s investment performance will also suffer if it is required to close out a short position earlier than it had intended. In addition, the Fund may be subject to expenses related to short sales that are not typically associated with investing in securities directly, such as costs of borrowing and margin account maintenance costs associated with the Fund’s open securities sold short. These expenses may negatively impact the performance of the Fund. Securities sold short introduce more risk to the Fund than long positions (purchases) because the maximum sustainable loss on a security purchased (held long) is limited to the amount paid for the security plus the transaction costs, whereas there is no maximum attainable price of the shorted security. Therefore, in theory, securities sold short have unlimited risk.

Government Obligations Risk. The total public debt of the United States as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008-2009 financial downturn. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt can raise concerns that the U.S. government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. This increase has also necessitated the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt ceiling to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. In August 2011, S&P lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. In explaining the downgrade at that time, S&P cited, among other reasons, controversy over raising the statutory debt limit and growth in public spending. On November 2, 2015, following passage by Congress, the President of the United States signed the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, which suspends the statutory debt limit through March 15, 2017. Any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding the statutory debt ceiling negotiations may impact the U.S. long-term sovereign credit rating and may cause market uncertainty. As a result, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may be adversely affected.

Temporary Investments. The Fund may, in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, take temporary defensive positions. This means that the Fund will invest some or all of its assets in money market instruments (like U.S. Treasury Bills, commercial paper, deposit accounts or repurchase agreements). The Fund will not be able to achieve its investment objective of long-term capital appreciation to the extent that it invests in money market instruments since these securities do not appreciate in value. When the Fund is not taking a temporary defensive position, it still will hold some cash and money market instruments so that it can pay its expenses, satisfy redemption requests or take advantage of investment opportunities.

Trading. Although the Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for Shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker” rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the S&P 500 Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g., 7%, 13% and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of the Fund’s shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings (or the underlying holdings of the Underlying Investments in which the Fund invests), which can be significantly less liquid than the Fund’s Shares.

Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if the Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively small investor base in the Fund, asset swings in the Fund and/or increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

Portfolio Holdings Information

Information about the Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is available at https://funds.leutholdgroup.com. A complete description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

Management of the Fund

The Leuthold Group, LLC d/b/a Leuthold Weeden Capital Management is the investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser’s address is:

150 South Fifth Street
Suite 1700
Minneapolis, MN 55402

The Adviser is the successor to Leuthold & Anderson, Inc., which commenced operations in 1987, and Leuthold, Weeden & Associates, L.P., which commenced operations in 1991, and has been the Fund’s only investment adviser. As the investment adviser to the Fund, the Adviser manages the investment portfolio for the Fund. It makes the decisions as to which securities to buy and which securities to sell. The following table identifies the annual investment advisory fee that the Fund pays to the Adviser:

Leuthold Core ETF: 0.50%

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Directors approving the investment advisory agreement for the Fund with the Adviser will be available in the Fund’s semi-annual report to stockholders for the period ending March 31.

The following table identifies the portfolio managers for the Fund. The portfolio managers are equally responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.

Fund	PMs
Leuthold Core ETF	Douglas R. Ramsey, CFA
	Scott D. Opsal, CFA
	Chun Wang, CFA

Mr. Ramsey is the chief investment officer and a portfolio manager of the Adviser, and has been a senior analyst of The Leuthold Group since 2005. Prior to joining The Leuthold Group, Mr. Ramsey served as the Chief Investment Officer for Treis Capital Management from 2004 to 2005. Mr. Ramsey served as a portfolio manager for Principal Global Investors from 1997 through 2003.

Mr. Opsal is a portfolio manager of the Adviser and has been Director of Research and Equities of The Leuthold Group since 2016. Prior to joining The Leuthold Group, Mr. Opsal was Director of the Applied Investments Program at the University of Wisconsin – Whitewater from 2011-2016. From 2003-2010, Mr. Opsal served as Head of Equities/Managing Director-Equities at Members Capital Advisors/Madison Investment Advisors.

Mr. Wang is a portfolio manager of the Adviser and has been a senior analyst of The Leuthold Group since 2009. Prior to joining The Leuthold Group, Mr. Wang was a Quantitative Equities Portfolio Manager and Head of Quantitative Research at LIM Advisors, a Hong Kong based Asia-Pacific focused multi-strategy hedge fund from 2007-2009. Prior to that, Mr. Wang was with Ned Davis Research from 1996-2007, rising to the position of Director of Research and Development.

The SAI for the Fund, which is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus, provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Fund.

How to Buy and Sell Shares

The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in Creation Units. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from the Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV. APs must be (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the National Securities Clearing Corporation, a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) participant (as discussed below). In addition, each AP must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Fund’s transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.

The Fund is permitted to use custom baskets (namely, a basket that is composed of a non-representative selection of the Fund’s portfolio holdings or a representative basket that is different from the initial basket used in transactions on the same business day) if their use is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Fund maintains written policies and procedures that set forth detailed parameters for the construction and acceptance of custom baskets that are in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders, including the process for any revisions to, or deviations from, those parameters; and specify the titles or roles of the employees of the Adviser who are required to review each custom basket for compliance with those parameters.

Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.

When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.

Book-Entry

Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. DTC or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.

Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book-entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.

Share Trading Prices on the Exchange

Trading prices of Shares on the Exchange may differ from the Fund’s daily NAV. Market forces of supply and demand, economic conditions, and other factors may affect the trading prices of Shares. To provide additional information regarding the indicative value of Shares, the Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association or other widely disseminated means an updated “intraday indicative value” (“IIV”) for Shares as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Fund is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IIV and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IIV. If the calculation of the IIV is based on the basket of Deposit Securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash, such IIV may not represent the best possible valuation of the Fund’s portfolio because the basket of Deposit Securities does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current Fund portfolio at a particular point in time and does not include a reduction for the fees, operating expenses, or transaction costs incurred by the Fund. The IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the Fund’s NAV because the IIV may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed only once a day, typically at the end of the business day. The IIV is generally determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the Deposit Securities.

Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares

The Fund imposes no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly with the Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep Share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Fund accommodates frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions, the Fund employs fair value pricing and may impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Fund and the Adviser reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any time.

Determination of NAV

The Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, each day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business. The New York Stock Exchange is open for trading Monday through Friday except New Year’s Day, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Additionally, when any of the aforementioned holidays falls on a Saturday, the New York Stock Exchange will not be open for trading on the preceding Friday and when any such holiday falls on a Sunday, the New York Stock Exchange will not be open for trading on the succeeding Monday, unless unusual business conditions exist, such as the ending of a monthly or the yearly accounting period. The New York Stock Exchange also may be closed on national days of mourning.

The NAV is calculated by dividing the Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding. In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. If such information is not available for a security held by the Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued at fair value estimates under guidelines established by the Board (as described below).

Fair Value Pricing

The Board has adopted procedures and methodologies to fair value Fund securities whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) a security has been de-listed or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) a security’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) a security’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) a security’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the security’s primary trading market. Generally, when fair valuing a security, the Fund will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the security, general and/or specific market conditions and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the security. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies included in the Board-adopted valuation procedures. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to obtain the fair value assigned to the security upon the sale of such security.

Investments by Registered Investment Companies

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies, including Shares. Registered investment companies are permitted to invest in the Fund beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in in recent ETF exemptive orders, including that such investment companies enter into an agreement with the Fund.

Delivery of Shareholder Documents – Householding

Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Fund. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Fund is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.

Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes

The following discussion regarding U.S. federal income taxes is based on laws that were in effect as of the date of this Prospectus and summarizes only some of the important federal income tax considerations affecting a Fund and you as a shareholder. It does not apply to foreign or tax-exempt shareholders, those holding Shares through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan or IRA, or those acquiring or disposing of Creation Units. This discussion is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. You should consult your tax advisor about your specific tax situation. Please see the SAI for additional federal income tax information.

The Fund has elected to be treated and intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (“RIC”). A RIC is not subject to tax at the corporate level on income and gains from investments that are distributed in a timely manner to shareholders. However, the Fund's failure to qualify as a RIC would result in corporate level taxation, and consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to you as a shareholder.

Dividends and Distributions, Generally

The Fund intends to pay out dividends, if any, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually. The Fund will declare and pay capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.

Taxes

The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Fund. As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information, based on current law. Your investment in the Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws.

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the Exchange; and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (institutional investors only).

Taxes on Distributions

The Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains. The Fund’s distributions, whether received in cash or additional shares of the Fund, may be subject to federal, state and local income tax. These distributions may be taxed as ordinary income (although a portion of the Fund’s dividends may be taxable to investors at the lower rate applicable to dividend income) and long-term capital gain. Corporate shareholders may be able to deduct a portion of their distributions when determining their taxable income.. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.

Distributions reported by the Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that the Fund received in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT may be treated as qualified dividend income generally only to the extent so reported by such REIT.

Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the character of any distributions received from the Fund.

In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your Shares).

If you purchase Shares shortly before it makes a taxable distribution, your distribution will, in effect, be a taxable return of capital. Similarly, if you purchase Shares and the Fund has appreciated securities, you will receive a taxable return of part of your investment if and when the Fund sells the appreciated securities and distributes the gain. The Fund has the potential to build up, high levels of unrealized appreciation.

If you are a resident or a citizen of the United States, by law, backup withholding at a 24% rate will apply to your distributions and proceeds if you have not provided a taxpayer identification number or social security number and made other required certifications.

If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by the Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% unless a lower treaty rate applies. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met.

The Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that he, she or it is not subject to such withholding.

Taxes When Shares are Sold on the Exchange

Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.

Foreign Taxes. To the extent the Fund invests in foreign securities, it may be subject to foreign withholding taxes with respect to dividends or interest the Fund received from sources in foreign countries. Since the Fund may invest in the securities of a foreign issuer, it can elect to “pass-through” foreign taxes paid by the Fund to its shareholders who, subject to certain limitations, can elect to credit such taxes against their own U.S. federal income tax liability or claim them as a credit. No assurance can be provided that the Fund can or will make such an election.

The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in the Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.

DISTRIBUTION

Compass Distributors, LLC serves as the distributor (“Distributor”) of Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis. The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Fund or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Fund. The Distributor’s principal address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101.

The Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities and shareholder services.

No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.

PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION

Information regarding how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of the Fund is available on the Fund’s website at https:// funds.leutholdgroup.com.

ADDITIONAL NOTICES

Shares are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in the determination of, the timing, prices, or quantities of Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of Shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of Shares.

Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.

The Adviser and the Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly.

Financial Highlights

The Fund is newly organized and therefore has not yet had any operations as of the date of this Prospectus.

The Leuthold Group, LLC and Leuthold Funds, Inc.

Notice of Privacy Policy & Practices

Leuthold⁽¹⁾ recognizes and respects the privacy expectations of our customers. We are providing this notice to you so that you will know what kinds of information we collect about our customers and the circumstances in which that information may be disclosed to third parties not affiliated with Leuthold.

We collect non-public personal information about our customers from the following sources:

•	Account Applications and other forms, which may include a customer’s name, address, social security number, and information about a customer’s investment goals and risk tolerance;

•	Account History, including information about the transactions and balances in a customer’s accounts; and

•	Correspondence, written, telephonic, or electronic between a customer and Leuthold or service providers to Leuthold.

We may disclose all of the information described above to certain third parties who are not affiliated with Leuthold to process or service a transaction at your request or as permitted by law — for example, sharing information with companies who maintain or service customer accounts for Leuthold is permitted and is essential for us to provide you with necessary or useful services with respect to your accounts.

We have adopted policies and procedures to ensure that we only share information required for our normal business operations, and, therefore, we do not provide a means for opting out of this limited sharing of your information. If we elect to change our limited use of your information beyond that required for our normal business operations, we will provide an opt-out option in advance of that change.

We maintain, and require service providers to Leuthold to maintain, policies designed to ensure only appropriate access to, and use of, information about our customers and to maintain physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards that comply with federal standards to guard non-public personal information of our customers. When information about Leuthold’s customers is disclosed to non-affiliated third parties, we require that the third party maintain the confidentiality of the information disclosed and limit the use of information by the third party solely to the purposes for which the information is disclosed or as otherwise permitted by law.

We permit only authorized individuals who are trained in the proper handling of individual investor information, and who need to access this information to perform their duties, to have access to your personal information. In addition, all of our employees are subject to our internal policies, which are reinforced in our Employee Manual and we maintain physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards to protect your nonpublic personal information from unauthorized use.

We will adhere to the policies and practices described in this notice regardless of whether you are a current or former customer of Leuthold.

Not part of the prospectus.

¹ For purposes of this notice, the term “Leuthold” includes The Leuthold Group, LLC and Leuthold Funds, Inc.

To learn more about the Leuthold Core ETF, you may want to read the SAI which contains additional information about the Fund. The Fund has incorporated by reference the SAI into the Prospectus. This means that you should consider the contents of the SAI to be part of the Prospectus.

You also may learn more about the Fund’s investments by reading the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to stockholders. The annual report will include a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the performance of the Fund during its most recently completed fiscal year.

The SAI and the annual and semi-annual reports are all available to stockholders and prospective investors without charge, simply by calling Compass Distributors, LLC at 1-866-306-8117. The Fund also make available the SAI and the annual and semi-annual reports, free of charge, on their Internet website (https://funds.leutholdgroup.com).

Prospective investors and stockholders who have questions about Leuthold Funds may also call the following number or write to the following address.

Leuthold Funds, Inc.
150 South Fifth Street, Suite 1700
Minneapolis, MN 55402
866-306-8117

Reports and other information about the Fund are also available on the EDGAR Database on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Internet website at http://www.sec.gov and copies of this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Please refer to the Fund’s Investment Company Act File No. 811-09094 when seeking information about the Fund from the Securities and Exchange Commission.

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

January 6, 2020

LEUTHOLD FUNDS, INC.

Leuthold Core ETF
(LCR)

Listed on NYSE Arca, Inc.

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relates to the Leuthold Core ETF (the “Fund”). This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for the Fund dated January 6, 2020, as supplemented from time to time. Requests for copies of the Prospectus should be made by writing to Leuthold Funds, Inc., 150 South Fifth Street, Suite 1700, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402, Attention: Corporate Secretary, or by calling 1‑866-306-8817.

This SAI is available to shareholders and prospective investors without charge upon request and, when available after the Fund has commenced operations, the annual and semi-annual reports of the Fund will be available to shareholders and prospective investors without charge upon request. Shareholders and prospective investors may obtain copies of these documents by calling Compass Distributors, LLC at 1-866-306-8817. The Fund will also make copies of these documents available on its Internet website (https://funds.leutholdgroup.com).

Leuthold Funds, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

FUND HISTORY AND CLASSIFICATION	1
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS	2
INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS	3
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING	30
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION	31
OWNERSHIP OF MANAGEMENT AND PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS	38
INVESTMENT ADVISER, PORTFOLIO MANAGERS, ADMINISTRATOR, CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AGENT AND ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGENT	38
SECURITIES LENDING	46
BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM	46
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES IN CREATION UNITS	48
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE	56
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS	57
INACTIVE ACCOUNTS	58
ALLOCATION OF INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES	58
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE	59
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS	61
STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS	75
CAPITAL STRUCTURE	76
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS	77
FINANCIAL INFORMATION	81

No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this Statement of Additional Information and the Prospectus for the Leuthold Core ETF dated January 6, 2020, as supplemented from time to time, and, if given or made, such information or representations may not be relied upon as having been authorized by Leuthold Funds, Inc.

This Statement of Additional Information does not constitute an offer to sell securities.

FUND HISTORY AND CLASSIFICATION

Leuthold Funds, Inc. (the “Corporation”) is an open-end management investment company that consists of five diversified portfolios as of January 6, 2020, the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund, the Leuthold Select Industries Fund, the Grizzly Short Fund, and the Leuthold Core ETF (collectively, the “Funds”). This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relates to the Leuthold Core ETF (the “Fund”). Leuthold Funds, Inc. is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (together with the rules and regulations adopted thereunder, as amended, the “1940 Act”). Leuthold Funds, Inc. was incorporated as a Maryland corporation on August 30, 1995.

The Corporation is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the 1940 Act as an open-end management investment company and the offering of the Fund’s shares (“Shares”) is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Corporation is governed by its Board of Directors (the “Board”). The Leuthold Group, LLC d/b/a Leuthold Weeden Capital Management (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The investment objective of the Fund is as stated in the Fund’s Prospectus under “Investment Objective”.

The Fund offers and issues Shares at their net asset value (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares (each, a “Creation Unit”). The Fund generally offers and issues Shares in exchange for a basket of securities included in its portfolio (“Deposit Securities”) together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (“Cash Component”). The Corporation reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. Shares are listed on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”) and trade on the Exchange at market prices that may differ from the Shares’ NAV. Shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, primarily for a basket of Deposit Securities together with a Cash Component. A Creation Unit of the Fund generally consists of 25,000 Shares, though this may change from time to time. Creation Units are not expected to consist of fewer than 25,000 Shares. As a practical matter, only institutions or large investors purchase or redeem Creation Units. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not redeemable securities.

Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Corporation cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the value of the missing Deposit Securities, as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Corporation may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption. In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements

of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. As in the case of other publicly traded securities, brokers’ commissions on transactions in the secondary market will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The Corporation has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to the Fund. These restrictions cannot be changed with respect to the Fund without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

Except with the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, the Fund may not:

Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its total assets) in any industry or group of related industries. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities and securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry. For purposes of the concentration policy, the Fund will look through to the portfolio holdings of the underlying funds in which it invests, to the extent practicable, and will aggregate the holdings of the underlying funds (on a pro rata basis based on the Fund’s investment in each underlying fund) to determine concentration in a particular industry in accordance with the concentration policy provided above. When evaluating the portfolio holdings of unaffiliated underlying funds, the Fund will consider portfolio information that is publicly available to the Fund.

2.	Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act.

3.	Make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act.

Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. This shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate, real estate investment trusts or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business.

Purchase or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. This shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities.

6.	Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act.

With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase the securities of any one issuer if, immediately after and as a result of such purchase, (a) the value of the Fund’s holdings in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets, or (b) the Fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer (with the exception that this restriction does not apply to the Fund’s investments in the securities of the U.S. government, or its agencies or instrumentalities, or other investment companies).

In addition to the investment restrictions adopted as fundamental policies as set forth above, the Fund observes the following non-fundamental restriction, which may be changed without a shareholder vote.

1.	The Fund will not hold illiquid assets in excess of 15% of its net assets. An illiquid asset is any asset that may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the investment.

If a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or total or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction, except that the percentage limitations with respect to the borrowing of money and illiquid securities will be observed continuously.

INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS

The Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus.

With respect to the Fund’s investments, unless otherwise noted, if a percentage limitation on investment is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a subsequent increase or decrease as a result of market movement or redemption will not result in a violation of such investment limitation.

Diversification

The Fund is “diversified” within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Under applicable federal laws, to qualify as a diversified fund, the Fund, with respect to 75% of its total assets, may not invest greater than 5% of its total assets in any one issuer and may not hold greater than 10% of the securities of one issuer, other than investments in cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, and securities of other investment companies. The remaining 25% of the Fund’s total assets does not need to be “diversified” and may be invested in securities of a single issuer, subject to other applicable laws. The diversification of the Fund’s holdings is measured at the time the Fund purchases a security. However, if the Fund purchases a security and holds it for a period of time, the security may become a larger percentage of the Fund’s total assets due to movements in the financial markets. If the market affects several securities held by

the Fund, the Fund may have a greater percentage of its assets invested in securities of fewer issuers.

General Risks

The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate with changes in the financial condition of an issuer or counterparty, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular security or issuer and changes in general economic or political conditions. An investor in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time.

There can be no guarantee that a liquid market for the securities held by the Fund will be maintained. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of Shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.

Financial markets, both domestic and foreign, have experienced an unusually high degree of volatility as recently as the beginning of 2018. Continuing market turbulence may have an adverse effect on Fund performance.

Cyber Security Risk. Investment companies, such as the Fund, and their service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber attacks affecting the Fund or the Adviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such portfolio companies to lose value.

Permitted Investments

The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices and the associated risk factors. The Fund will only invest, directly or indirectly, in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices if such investment or activity is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted by the Fund’s stated investment policies. Each of the permitted investments described below applies to the Fund to the extent it invests directly in the applicable types of investments or indirectly in underlying funds that invest in the applicable types of investments.

Bank Loans. The Fund may invest in underlying funds that invest in bank loans. Bank loans include floating rate loans and institutionally traded floating rate debt obligations issued by asset-backed pools and other issues, and interests therein. Bank loan interests may be acquired

from U.S. or foreign commercial banks, insurance companies, finance companies, or other financial institutions that have made loans or are members of a lending syndicate or from other holders of loan interests. Bank loans typically pay interest at rates that are re-determined periodically on the basis of a floating base lending rate (such as the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)) plus a premium. Bank loans are typically of below investment grade quality. Bank loans generally (but not always) hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a borrower and are often secured with collateral.

Holders’ claims under unsecured loans are subordinated to claims of creditors holding secured indebtedness and possibly other classes of creditors holding unsecured debt. Unsecured loans have a greater risk of default than secured loans, particularly during periods of deteriorating economic conditions. Also, since they do not afford the lender recourse to collateral, unsecured loans are subject to greater risk of nonpayment in the event of default than secured loans. Many such loans are relatively illiquid and may be difficult to value.

Some bank loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could subordinate the bank loans to presently existing or future indebtedness of the borrower or take other action detrimental to the holders of the bank loans, including, in certain circumstances, invalidating such bank loans or causing interest previously paid to be refunded to the borrower. If interest were required to be refunded, it could negatively affect the investing fund’s performance.

Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness or pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Consequently, investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.

Borrowing. Although the Fund does not intend to borrow money, the Fund may do so to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may borrow up to one-third (1/3) of its total assets. The Fund will borrow money only for short-term or emergency purposes. Such borrowing is not for investment purposes and will be repaid by the applicable Fund promptly. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

Collateralized Debt Obligations. The Fund may invest in underlying funds that invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which are a type of asset-backed security and include, among other things, collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), and other similarly structured securities. A CBO is a trust which is backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.

The cash flows from the CDO trust are generally split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. Senior tranches are paid from the cash flows from the underlying assets before the junior tranches and equity or “first loss” tranches. Losses are first borne by the equity tranches, next by the junior tranches, and finally by the senior tranches. Senior tranches pay the lowest interest rates but are generally safer investments than more junior tranches because, should there be any default, senior tranches are typically paid first. The most junior tranches, such as equity tranches, would attract the highest interest rates but suffer the highest risk should the holder of an underlying loan default. If some loans default and the cash collected by the CDO is insufficient to pay all of its investors, those in the lowest, most junior tranches suffer losses first. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CDO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than the underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, more senior CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults and aversion to CDO securities as a class.

The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the quality and type of the collateral and the tranche of the CDO in which a Portfolio invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs, and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized as illiquid securities. In addition to the risks associated with debt instruments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that a CDO may be subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

CLOs. The Fund may invest in underlying funds that invest in CLOs. A CLO is a financing company (generally called a Special Purpose Vehicle or “SPV”), created to reapportion the risk and return characteristics of a pool of assets. While the assets underlying CLOs are typically senior loans, the assets may also include (i) unsecured loans, (ii) other debt securities that are rated below investment grade, (iii) debt tranches of other CLOs and (iv) equity securities incidental to investments in senior loans. Lower debt tranches of CLOs typically experience a lower recovery and bear greater risk of loss or deferral or non-payment of interest than more senior debt tranches of the CLO. The underlying senior loans purchased by CLOs are generally performing at the time of purchase but may become non-performing, distressed or defaulted. The key feature of the CLO structure is the prioritization of the cash flows from a pool of debt securities among the several classes of the CLO. The SPV is a company founded solely for the purpose of securitizing payment claims arising out of this diversified asset pool. On this basis, marketable securities are issued by the SPV which, due to the diversification of the underlying risk, generally represent a lower level of risk than the original assets. The redemption of the securities issued by the SPV typically takes place at maturity out of the cash flow generated by the collected claims.

Holders of CLOs bear risks of the underlying investments, index or reference obligation and are subject to counterparty risk.

An underlying fund may have the right to receive payments only from the CLOs, and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. While certain CLOs enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in CLOs generally pay their share of the CLO’s administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indices and securities underlying a CLO will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of CLOs) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a CLO uses shorter term financing to purchase longer term securities, the issuer may be forced to sell its securities at below market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which may adversely affect the value of the CLO. Certain CLOs may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. CLOs are typically privately offered and sold. As a result, investments in CLOs may be characterized as illiquid securities. In addition to the general risks associated with debt securities discussed herein, CLOs carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the investments in CLOs are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

Commodities and Commodity Contracts. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that purchase and sell commodity forward and futures contracts and options, enter into foreign exchange contracts, enter into swap agreements and other financial transactions, purchase or sell precious metals directly (metals are considered “commodities” under the federal commodities laws), and purchase or sell precious metal commodity contracts or options on such contracts in compliance with applicable commodities laws. Investing in commodities in this manner carries risks. The Fund’s exposure to the commodities markets may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of commodity-linked instruments may be affected by changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, and other risks affecting a particular industry or commodity.

There are additional factors associated with commodity futures contracts which may subject a fund’s indirect investments in them to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. In the commodity futures markets there are often costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of the commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while a fund is invested in futures contracts on that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately. In the commodity futures markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling futures contracts today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. To induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the futures contract at a lower price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. Conversely, if most hedgers in the futures market are purchasing futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the futures contract at a higher futures price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodities markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected future spot price,

which can have significant implications for a fund. If the nature of hedgers and speculators in futures markets has shifted when it is time for a fund to reinvest the proceeds of a maturing futures contract in a new futures contract, the fund might reinvest at higher or lower futures prices, or choose to pursue other investments. The commodities which underlie commodity futures contracts may be subject to additional economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments. These factors may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked instruments, including futures contracts, than on traditional securities. Certain commodities are also subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of the supplies of other materials.

Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that invest in depositary receipts or other securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers. American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) are dollar-denominated receipts representing interests in the securities of a foreign issuer, which securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. ADRs are receipts typically issued by United States banks and trust companies which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. Generally, ADRs in registered form are designed for use in domestic securities markets and are traded on exchanges or over-the-counter in the United States. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities.

The Fund will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipts or any Depositary Receipt that the Adviser deems to be illiquid or for which pricing information is not readily available. In addition, all Depositary Receipts generally must be sponsored. However, the Fund or an underlying fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the value of the Depositary Receipts.

Derivatives. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that use derivative instruments as part of their investment strategies. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to bonds, interest rates, currencies, commodities, and related indexes. Examples of derivative instruments include forward contracts, currency and interest rate swaps, currency options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts and swap agreements.

Swap Agreements. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that enter into swap agreements, including interest rate swaps. A typical interest rate swap involves the exchange of a floating interest rate payment for a fixed interest payment. Swap agreements may be used to hedge or achieve exposure to, for example, interest rates, and money market securities without actually purchasing such securities. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that use swap agreements to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of the underlying securities in circumstances in which direct investment is restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impracticable. Swap agreements will tend to shift a fund’s investment exposure from

one type of investment to another or from one payment stream to another. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease a fund’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates (in the United States or abroad), corporate borrowing rates, or other factors, and may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the fund’s investments and its share price.

Futures, Options, and Options on Futures Contracts. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that enter into U.S. options and options on futures contracts. When a fund purchases a futures contract, it agrees to purchase a specified underlying instrument at a specified future date. When a fund sells a futures contract, it agrees to sell the underlying instrument at a specified future date. The price at which the purchase and sale will take place is fixed when a fund enters into the contract. Futures can be held until their delivery dates, or can be closed out before then if a liquid secondary market is available. To the extent a fund uses futures and options, it will be subject to the applicable requirements of the Commodity Exchange Act and the rules thereunder.

The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit.

Utilization of futures and options on futures by a fund involves the risk of imperfect or even negative correlation to the underlying index if the index underlying the futures contract differs from the fund’s underlying index. There is also the risk of loss by a fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by a fund as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.

The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the NAV of a fund. The potential for loss related to writing options may be unlimited.

Equity Securities. Equity securities, such as the common stocks of an issuer, are subject to stock market fluctuations and therefore may experience volatile changes in value as market conditions, consumer sentiment or the financial condition of the issuers change. A decrease in value of the equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio may also cause the value of the Shares to decline.

An investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of the stock market may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities and therefore a decrease in the value of Shares). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions change. These

investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic or banking crises.

Holders of common stocks incur more risk than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders, as owners of the issuer, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from the issuer in comparison with the rights of creditors or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (whose value, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior thereto), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity. Common stock values are subject to market fluctuations as long as the common stock remains outstanding.

When-Issued Securities – A when-issued security is one whose terms are available and for which a market exists, but which has not been issued. When the Fund engages in when-issued transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the sale. If the other party fails to complete the sale, the Fund may miss the opportunity to obtain the security at a favorable price or yield.

When purchasing a security on a when-issued basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield changes. At the time of settlement, the value of the security may be more or less than the purchase price. The yield available in the market when the delivery takes place also may be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself. Because the Fund does not pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with its other investments.

Decisions to enter into “when-issued” transactions will be considered on a case-by-case basis when necessary to maintain continuity in a company’s index membership. The Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities equal in value to commitments for the when-issued transactions. The Fund will segregate additional liquid assets daily so that the value of such assets is equal to the amount of the commitments.

Types of Equity Securities:

Common Stocks – Common stocks represent units of ownership in a company. Common stocks usually carry voting rights and earn dividends. Unlike preferred stocks, which are described below, dividends on common stocks are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the company’s board of directors.

Preferred Stocks – Preferred stocks are also units of ownership in a company. Preferred stocks normally have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of the company. However, in all other respects, preferred stocks are subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer. Unlike common stocks, preferred stocks are generally not entitled to vote on corporate matters. Types of preferred stocks include adjustable-rate preferred stock, fixed dividend preferred stock, perpetual preferred stock, and sinking fund preferred stock.

Generally, the market values of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element vary inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk.

Rights and Warrants – A right is a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life of usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price. Warrants are freely transferable and are traded on major exchanges. Unlike rights, warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitles the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.

An investment in warrants and rights may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. Investing in rights and warrants increases the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities.

Smaller-Capitalization Companies. Investors in smaller-capitalization companies typically take on greater risk and price volatility than they would by investing in larger, more established companies. This increased risk may be due to the greater business risks of their smaller size, limited markets and financial resources, narrow product lines and frequent lack of management depth. The securities of smaller-capitalization companies are often traded in the over-the-counter market and might not be traded in volumes typical of securities traded on a national securities exchange. Thus, the securities of smaller capitalization companies are likely to be less liquid, and subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements, than securities of larger, more established companies.

Tracking Stocks. The Fund may invest directly in or in tracking stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and which is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.

Exchange-Traded Notes. Exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”) are debt obligations of investment banks which are traded on exchanges and the returns of which are linked to the performance of market indexes. In addition to trading ETNs on exchanges, investors may redeem ETNs directly with the issuer on a weekly basis, typically in a minimum amount of 50,000 units, or hold the ETNs until maturity. ETNs may be riskier than ordinary debt securities and may have no principal protection. The Fund’s investment in an ETN may be influenced by many unpredictable factors, including highly volatile commodities prices, changes in supply and demand relationships, weather, agriculture, trade, changes in interest rates, and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction. Investing in ETNs is not equivalent to investing directly in index components or the relevant index itself. Because ETNs are debt securities, they

possess credit risk; if the issuer has financial difficulties or goes bankrupt, the investor may not receive the return it was promised.

Fixed Income Securities. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that invest in fixed income securities. Fixed income securities change in value in response to interest rate changes and other factors, such as the perception of the issuer’s creditworthiness. For example, the value of fixed income securities will generally decrease when interest rates rise, which may cause the value of the investing fund, and the Fund, to decrease. In addition, investments in fixed income securities with longer maturities will fluctuate more in response to interest rate changes.

Fixed-Income Securities Ratings. The nationally recognized statistical rating organizations publish ratings based upon their assessment of the relative creditworthiness of the rated fixed-income securities. Generally, a lower rating indicates higher credit risk, and higher yields are ordinarily available from fixed-income securities in the lower rating categories to compensate investors for the increased credit risk. Any use of credit ratings in evaluating fixed-income securities can involve certain risks. For example, ratings assigned by the rating agencies are based upon an analysis completed at the time of the rating of the obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal, typically relying to a large extent on historical data. Rating agencies typically rely to a large extent on historical data which may not accurately represent present or future circumstances. Ratings do not purport to reflect to risk of fluctuations in market value of the fixed-income security and are not absolute standards of quality and only express the rating agency’s current opinion of an obligor’s overall financial capacity to pay its financial obligations. A credit rating is not a statement of fact or a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a fixed-income obligation. Also, credit quality can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and credit ratings may not reflect the issuer’s current financial condition or events since the security was last rated. Rating agencies may have a financial interest in generating business, including the arranger or issuer of the security that normally pays for that rating, and a low rating might affect future business. While rating agencies have policies and procedures to address this potential conflict of interest, there is a risk that these policies will fail to prevent a conflict of interest from impacting the rating. Additionally, legislation has been enacted in an effort to reform rating agencies. Rules have also been adopted by the SEC to require rating agencies to provide additional disclosure and reduce conflicts of interest, and further reform has been proposed. It is uncertain how such legislation or additional regulation might impact the ratings agencies business and a fund’s investment process.

High Yield Securities Risk. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that invest in high yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality (commonly known as “junk bonds”). High yield securities generally pay higher yields (greater income) than investment in higher quality securities; however, high yield securities may be subject to greater levels of interest rate, credit and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities, and are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments. Successful investment in high yield securities and unrated securities of similar quality involves greater investment risk and is highly dependent on the applicable investment adviser’s credit analysis. The value of these securities often fluctuates in response to company, political or economic developments and declines significantly over short periods of time or during periods of general economic difficulty. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these securities and reduce the ability to sell these securities (liquidity risk). These securities can also be thinly traded or have restrictions on resale, making them difficult

to sell at an acceptable price. Because objective pricing data may be less available, judgment may play a greater role in the valuation process. If the issuer of a security is in default with respect to interest or principal payments, the investing ETF may lose its entire investment.

Illiquid Securities. The Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets.

The inability of the Fund to dispose of illiquid or not readily marketable investments readily or at a reasonable price could impair the Fund’s ability to raise cash for redemptions or other purposes. The liquidity of securities purchased by the Fund which are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A, except for certain 144A bonds, will be monitored by the Fund on an ongoing basis. In the event that such a security is deemed to be no longer liquid, the Fund’s holdings will be reviewed to determine what action, if any, is required to ensure that the retention of such security does not result in the Fund having more than 15% of its net assets invested in illiquid or not readily marketable securities.

Investment Company Securities. The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including ETFs and money market funds, subject to applicable limitations under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1), the Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired company”) provided that the Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company; (ii) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, the Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds in excess of the limits discussed above.

If the Fund invests in and, thus, is a shareholder of, another investment company, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Fund’s own investment adviser and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with the Fund’s own operations.

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in securities of other registered investment companies, including the Fund. The acquisition of the Fund’s Shares by registered investment companies is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as may be permitted by exemptive rules under the 1940 Act or as may at some future time be permitted by an exemptive order that permits registered investment companies to invest in the Fund beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company enter into an agreement with the Fund regarding the terms of the investment.

The Fund may rely on Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 of the 1940 Act, which provide an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest all of its assets in other

registered funds, including ETFs, if, among other conditions: (a) the Fund, together with its affiliates, acquires no more than three percent of the outstanding voting stock of any acquired fund, and (b) the sales load charged on the Fund’s Shares is no greater than the limits set forth in Rule 2830 of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).

Additionally, there may not be an active trading market available for shares of some closed-end management investment companies (“CEFs”). Shares of a CEF may also may trade in the market at a premium or discount to their NAV.

Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”). MLPs are limited partnerships in which the ownership units are publicly traded. MLP units are registered with the SEC and are freely traded on a securities exchange or in the over-the-counter market. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to real estate development and oil and gas industries, but they also may finance motion pictures, research and development and other projects. Generally, a MLP is operated under the supervision of one or more managing general partners. Limited partners are not involved in the day-to-day management of the partnership.

The risks of investing in a MLP are generally those involved in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded investors in a MLP than investors in a corporation. Additional risks involved with investing in a MLP are risks associated with the specific industry or industries in which the partnership invests, such as the risks of investing in real estate, or oil and gas industries.

MLPs are generally treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. When the Fund invests in the equity securities of an MLP or any other entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund will be treated as a partner in the entity for tax purposes. Accordingly, in calculating the Fund’s taxable income, it will be required to take into account its allocable share of the income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits recognized by each such entity, regardless of whether the entity distributes cash to the Fund. Distributions from such an entity to the Fund are not generally taxable unless the cash amount (or, in certain cases, the fair market value of marketable securities) distributed to the Fund exceeds the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in its interest in the entity. In general, the Fund’s allocable share of such an entity’s net income will increase the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in its interest in the entity, and distributions to the Fund from such an entity and the Fund’s allocable share of the entity’s net losses will decrease the Fund’s adjusted basis in its interest in the entity, but not below zero. The Fund may receive cash distributions from such an entity in excess of the net amount of taxable income the Fund is allocated from its investment in the entity. In other circumstances, the net amount of taxable income the Fund is allocated from its investment in such an entity may exceed cash distributions received from the entity. Thus, the Fund’s investments in such an entity may lead the Fund to make distributions in excess of its earnings and profits, or the Fund may be required to sell investments, including when not otherwise advantageous to do so, to satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code (as defined below).

Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to the Fund from any investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the Fund’s taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the Fund’s income in one or more subsequent years. When

recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to the Fund’s shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the Fund at the time the deductions were taken, and even though those shareholders may not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. To distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, the Fund may need to liquidate investments, which may lead to additional taxable income.

Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in underlying funds that invest in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities are mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, or issued by nongovernment entities. Mortgage-related securities represent ownership in pools of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various government agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) and government-related organizations such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), as well as by nongovernment issuers such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers and private mortgage insurance companies. Although certain mortgage-related securities are guaranteed by a third party or otherwise similarly secured, the market value of the security, which may fluctuate, is not so secured. These securities differ from conventional bonds in that the principal is paid back to the investor as payments are made on the underlying mortgages in the pool. Accordingly, the investing fund receives monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest along with any unscheduled principal prepayments on the underlying mortgages. Because these scheduled and unscheduled principal payments must be reinvested at prevailing interest rates, mortgage-backed securities do not provide an effective means of locking in long-term interest rates for the investor.

In addition, there are a number of important differences among the agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities they issue. Mortgage-related securities issued by GNMA include GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Ginnie Maes”) which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest. That guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. GNMA is a corporation wholly owned by the U.S. government within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Mortgage-related securities issued by FNMA include FNMA Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Fannie Maes”) and are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by FNMA itself and backed by a line of credit with the U.S. Treasury. FNMA is a government-sponsored entity wholly owned by public stockholders. Mortgage-related securities issued by FHLMC include FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates (also known as “Freddie Macs”) guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by FHLMC itself and backed by a line of credit with the U.S. Treasury. FHLMC is a government-sponsored entity wholly owned by public stockholders.

On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”)and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality (the “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement” or “Agreement”). Under the Agreement, the U.S. Treasury pledged to provide up to $200 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash

capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. This was intended to ensure that the instrumentalities maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations, preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was amending the Agreement to allow the $200 billion cap on the U.S. Treasury’s funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in net worth over the next three years. As a result of this Agreement, the investments of holders, including the Funds, of mortgage-backed securities and other obligations issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are protected.

Asset-backed securities are structured like mortgage-backed securities, but instead of mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans, the underlying assets may include such items as motor vehicle installment sales contracts or installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, and receivables from credit card agreements and from sales of personal property. Regular payments received on asset-backed securities include both interest and principal. Asset-backed securities typically have no U.S. government backing. Additionally, the ability of an issuer of asset-backed securities to enforce its security interest in the underlying assets may be limited.

If the investing ETF purchases a mortgage-backed or other asset-backed security at a premium, the premium may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the underlying collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates. Although the value of a mortgage-backed or other asset-backed security may decline when interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily true, since in periods of declining interest rates the mortgages and loans underlying the securities are prone to prepayment, thereby shortening the average life of the security and shortening the period of time over which income at the higher rate is received. When interest rates are rising, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the period of time over which income at the lower rate is received. For these and other reasons, a mortgage-backed or other asset-backed security’s average maturity may be shortened or lengthened as a result of interest rate fluctuations and, therefore, it is not possible to predict accurately the security’s return. In addition, while the trading market for short-term mortgages and asset-backed securities is ordinarily quite liquid, in times of financial stress the trading market for these securities may become restricted.

Municipal Obligations and Related Investments. The Fund may invest in underlying funds that invest in municipal obligations and related investments, as described below. Municipal obligations include debt obligations issued by states, possessions and territories of the U.S., including political subdivisions (such as counties, cities, towns and school and other districts), agencies and authorities thereof. Municipal obligations are issued by such governmental entities to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, the refunding of outstanding obligations, the payment of general operating expenses and the extension of loans to public institutions and facilities, not-for-profit organizations, businesses and developers. Municipal obligations may be subject to federal and state income tax. The Fund may invest in underlying funds that invest in the following types of municipal obligations:

General Obligation Bonds. General obligation bonds are supported by the issuer’s full faith and credit and taxing authority. The issuer must levy and collect taxes sufficient to pay principal

and interest on the bonds. However, in some cases the issuer’s authority to levy additional taxes may be limited by its charter or state law.

Revenue Bonds. Revenue bonds are payable solely from specific income or revenues received by the issuer, often from its operation of a governmental enterprise or authority such as an electric or water utility, sewer system, parks, hospitals or other health authority, bus, train, subway, highway, airport or other transportation system, or housing authority. Some revenue bonds may be issued for other public purposes, such as financing the development of an industrial park or commercial district or construction of a new stadium, parking structure or stadium. The revenues may consist of specific taxes, assessments, tolls, fees, or other types of municipal revenues. Although issued by municipal authorities, revenue bonds are generally not secured by the taxing power of the municipality but by the revenues of the authority derived from payments by users of the services or owners and operators of the facility financed with the proceeds of the bonds. Bonds or other obligations of housing financing authorities may have various forms of security, such as reserve funds, insured or subsidized mortgages and net revenues from projects, but they are not backed by a pledge of the issuer’s credit. The credit quality of revenue bonds is usually related to the credit standing of the enterprise being financed but can, if applicable, be tied to the credit worthiness of an institution which provides a guarantee, letter of credit or other credit enhancement for the bond issue.

Private Activity Bonds. Private activity bonds are special revenue bonds used to finance private entities. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to finance a new factory to improve its local economy or to enable a college or university, not-for-profit organization or hospital to construct new or expanded facilities. The municipality would lend the proceeds to the company or other entity, and the company or other entity would agree to make loan payments sufficient to repay the bonds. The bonds would be payable solely from the borrower’s loan payments, and not from any other revenues of the municipality. Therefore, any default on the loan normally would result in a default on the bonds. The interest on many types of private activity bonds is subject to the federal alternative minimum tax (“AMT”).

Anticipation Notes. Anticipation notes are securities issued in anticipation of the receipt of taxes, grants, bond proceeds, or other municipal revenues. These may be in the form of bond anticipation notes, tax anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes, and revenue anticipation notes. For example, many municipalities collect property taxes once a year. Such municipalities may issue tax anticipation notes to fund their operations prior to collecting these taxes. The issuers then repay the tax anticipation notes at the end of their fiscal year, either with collected taxes or proceeds from newly issued notes or bonds. Bond anticipation notes are notes that are intended to be refinanced through a subsequent offering of longer term bonds.

Tax Increment Financing Bonds. Tax increment financing bonds are payable from increases in taxes or other revenues attributable to higher valuations on the businesses benefitting from improvements made to a particular area or district financed by the bonds. For example, a municipality may issue these bonds to redevelop a commercial area. The tax increment financing bonds would be payable solely from any increase in sales taxes collected from merchants in the area or in property taxes collected from property owners. The bonds could default if merchants’ sales or owners’ property valuations, and related tax collections, failed to increase as anticipated.

Municipal obligations also include municipal commercial paper and other short-term notes, variable rate demand obligations, industrial revenue bonds, pre-refunded or advance refunding bonds, municipal lease obligations, construction loan notes insured by the Federal Housing Administration and financed by FNMA or GNMA, and participation, trust and partnership interests in any of the foregoing.

Opinions relating to the validity of municipal obligations and to the exemption of interest thereon from federal income tax are rendered by bond counsel to the respective issuers at the time of issuance. There can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) will agree with a bond counsel’s opinion concluding that interest on a particular obligation is exempt from federal income tax.

Certain municipal obligations may be insured at the time of issuance as to the timely payment of principal and interest. The insurance policies will usually be obtained by the issuer of the municipal obligation at the time of its original issuance. In the event that the issuer defaults on interest or principal payment, the insurer will be notified and will be required to make payment to the bondholders. There is, however, no guarantee that the insurer will meet its obligations. In addition, such insurance will not protect against market fluctuations caused by changes in interest rates and other factors, including credit downgrades, supply and demand.

The payment of principal and interest on most debt obligations purchased by the Fund will depend upon the ability of the issuers to meet their obligations. Municipal obligations may be adversely affected by political and economic conditions and developments (for example, legislation reducing state aid to local governments.) An issuer’s obligations under its municipal obligations are also subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by federal or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on, and principal of, its municipal obligations may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.

Certain types of municipal obligations (private activity bonds) have been or are issued to obtain funds to provide privately operated housing facilities, pollution control facilities, convention or trade show facilities, mass transit, airport, port or parking facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas, electricity or sewage or solid waste disposal. Private activity bonds are also issued on behalf of privately held or publicly owned corporations in the financing of commercial or industrial facilities. State and local governments are authorized in most states to issue private activity bonds for such purposes to encourage corporations to locate within their communities. The principal and interest on these obligations may be payable from the general revenues of the users of such facilities.

Municipal obligations may be backed by letters of credit issued by foreign and domestic banks and other financial institutions. Such letters of credit are not necessarily subject to federal deposit insurance and adverse developments in the banking industry could have a negative effect on the credit quality of the investing fund’s portfolio debt obligations and its ability to maintain a

stable net asset value and share price. Letters of credit issued by foreign banks, like other obligations of foreign banks, may involve certain risks in addition to those of domestic obligations.

From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal obligations. For example, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), interest on certain private activity bonds must be included in an investor’s alternative minimum taxable income, and corporate investors must include all tax-exempt interest in their calculations of federal alternative minimum taxable income. The Company cannot, of course, predict what legislation, if any, may be proposed in the future as regards the income tax status of interest on municipal obligations, or which proposals, if any, might be enacted. Such proposals, while pending or if enacted, might materially and adversely affect the availability of municipal obligations for investment by the investing fund and the liquidity and value of its portfolio.

Municipal Lease Obligations. Municipal lease obligations may be are issued by a state or local government authority to acquire land and a wide variety of equipment and facilities. These obligations typically are not fully backed by the municipality’s credit, and their interest may become taxable if the lease is assigned. If the funds are not appropriated for the following year’s lease payments, the lease may terminate, with the possibility of default on the lease obligation and significant loss to an investing fund. Certificates of participation in municipal lease obligations or installment sale contracts entitle the holder to a proportionate interest in the lease-purchase payments made.

Non-U.S. Securities. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that invest in non-U.S. securities. Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present in investments in U.S. securities. For example, non-U.S. securities may be subject to currency risks or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and a foreign issuer may or may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those in the U.S. Investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. Other risks of investing in such securities include political or economic instability in the country involved, the difficulty of predicting international trade patterns and the possibility of imposition of exchange controls. The prices of such securities may be more volatile than those of domestic securities. With respect to certain foreign countries, there is a possibility of expropriation of assets or nationalization, imposition of withholding taxes on dividend or interest payments, difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against foreign entities or diplomatic developments which could affect investment in these countries. Losses and other expenses may be incurred in converting between various currencies in connection with purchases and sales of foreign securities. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares. Conversely, Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Each of these factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

Investments in Canada. The U.S. is Canada’s largest trading partner and foreign investor. As a result, changes to the U.S. economy may significantly affect the Canadian economy. The Canadian economy is reliant on the sale of natural resources and commodities, which can pose risks

such as the fluctuation of prices and the variability of demand for exportation of such products. Canada is a major producer of commodities such as zinc, uranium, forest products, metals, agricultural products, and energy related products like oil, gas, and hydroelectricity. Changes in spending on Canadian products by the economies of other countries or changes in any of these economies may cause a significant impact on the Canadian economy.

Investments in China and Hong Kong. Investing directly in or in ADRs with underlying shares organized, listed or domiciled in China involves special considerations not typically associated with investing in countries with more democratic governments or more established economies or securities markets. Such risks may include: (i) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (ii) greater social, economic and political uncertainty (including the risk of war); (iii) dependency on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade; (iv) increasing competition from Asia’s other low-cost emerging economies; (v) higher rates of inflation; (vi) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; (vii) greater governmental involvement in and control over the economy; (viii) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support the economic reform programs implemented since 1978 and could return to the prior, completely centrally planned, economy; (ix) the fact that Chinese companies, particularly those located in China, may be smaller, less seasoned and newly organized; (x) the differences in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers, particularly in China; (xi) the fact that statistical information regarding the economy of China may be inaccurate or not comparable to statistical information regarding the U.S. or other economies; (xii) the less extensive, and still developing, regulation of the securities markets, business entities and commercial transactions; (xiii) the fact that the settlement period of securities transactions in foreign markets may be longer; (xiv) the fact that the willingness and ability of the Chinese government to support the Chinese and Hong Kong economies and markets is uncertain; (xv) the risk that it may be more difficult, or impossible, to obtain and/or enforce a judgment than in other countries; (xvi) the rapid and erratic nature of growth, particularly in China, resulting in inefficiencies and dislocations; (xvii) the risk that, because of the degree of interconnectivity between the economies and financial markets of China and Hong Kong, any sizable reduction in the demand for goods from China, or an economic downturn in China, could negatively affect the economy and financial market of Hong Kong as well; and (xviii) the risk that certain companies owned by the Fund may have dealings with countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government or identified as state sponsors of terrorism.

After many years of steady growth, the growth rate of China’s economy has recently slowed. Although this slowdown was to some degree intentional, the slowdown has also slowed the once rapidly growing Chinese real estate market and left local governments with high debts with few viable means to raise revenue, especially with the fall in demand for housing. Despite its attempts to restructure its economy towards consumption, China remains heavily dependent on exports. Accordingly, China is susceptible to economic downturns abroad, including any weakness in demand from its major trading partners, including the United States, Japan, and Europe. In addition, China’s aging infrastructure, worsening environmental conditions, rapid and inequitable urbanization, quickly widening urban and rural income gap, domestic unrest and provincial separatism all present major challenges to the country. Further, China’s territorial claims, including its land reclamation projects and the establishment of an Air Defense Identification Zone over

islands claimed and occupied by Japan, are another source of tension and present risks to diplomatic and trade relations with certain of China’s regional trade partners.

Investments in Hong Kong are also subject to certain political risks not associated with other investments. Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China by the Communist Party in 1949, the Chinese government renounced various debt obligations incurred by China’s predecessor governments, which obligations remain in default, and expropriated assets without compensation. There can be no assurance that the Chinese government will not take similar action in the future. Investments in China and Hong Kong involve risk of a total loss due to government action or inaction. China has committed by treaty to preserve Hong Kong’s autonomy and its economic, political and social freedoms for 50 years from the July 1, 1997 transfer of sovereignty from Great Britain to China. However, if China would exert its authority so as to alter the economic, political or legal structures or the existing social policy of Hong Kong, investor and business confidence in Hong Kong could be negatively affected, which in turn could negatively affect markets and business performance. In addition, the Hong Kong dollar trades at a fixed exchange rate in relation to (or, is “pegged” to) the U.S. dollar, which has contributed to the growth and stability of the Hong Kong economy. However, it is uncertain how long the currency peg will continue or what effect the establishment of an alternative exchange rate system would have on the Hong Kong economy. Because the Fund’s NAV is denominated in U.S. dollars, the establishment of an alternative exchange rate system could result in a decline in the Fund’s NAV. These and other factors could have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance.

Investments in Emerging Markets. Investments in securities listed and traded in emerging markets are subject to additional risks that may not be present for U.S. investments or investments in more developed non-U.S. markets. Such risks may include: (i) greater market volatility, (ii) lower trading volume, (iii) greater social, political and economic uncertainty, (iv) governmental controls on foreign investments and limitations on repatriation of invested capital, (v) the risk that companies may be held to lower disclosure, corporate governance, auditing and financial reporting standards than companies in more developed markets, and (vi) the risk that there may be less protection of property rights than in other countries. Emerging markets are generally less liquid and less efficient than developed securities markets.

Investments in Europe. Most developed countries in Western Europe are members of the European Union (“EU”), and many are also members of the European Monetary Union, which requires compliance with restrictions on inflation rates, deficits, and debt levels. Unemployment in certain European nations is historically high and several countries face significant debt problems. These conditions can significantly affect every country in Europe. The euro is the official currency of the EU. To the extent the Fund invests in Europe, the Fund may have significant exposure to the euro and events affecting the euro. Recent market events affecting several of the EU member countries have adversely affected the sovereign debt issued by those countries, and ultimately may lead to a decline in the value of the euro. A significant decline in the value of the euro may produce unpredictable effects on trade and commerce generally and could lead to increased volatility in financial markets worldwide.

In a referendum held in June 2016 (known as “Brexit”), the United Kingdom (“UK”) voted to leave the EU. It is expected that the UK will invoke article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty to withdraw from the EU by March 29, 2019, followed by a transition period during which businesses and others

prepare for the new post-Brexit rules to take effect on January 1, 2021. However, there is a significant degree of uncertainty about how negotiations relating to the UK’s withdrawal will be conducted. During this period and beyond, the impact on the UK and European economies and the broader global economy could be significant, resulting in negative impacts, such as increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth on markets in the UK, Europe and globally, which may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Also as a result of the referendum, on June 27, 2016, Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) downgraded the UK’s credit rating from “AAA” to “AA” with a “negative outlook,” and on June 30, 2016, S&P downgraded the EU’s credit rating from “AA+” to “AA”. Other credit ratings agencies have taken similar actions.

Investments in Japan. The Japanese economy has recently emerged from a prolonged economic downturn. Since 2000, Japan’s economic growth rate has remained relatively low. Its economy is characterized by government intervention and protectionism, an unstable financial services sector, low domestic consumption, and relatively high unemployment. Japan’s economy is heavily dependent on international trade and has been adversely affected by trade tariffs and competition from emerging economies. As such, economic growth is heavily dependent on continued growth in international trade, government support of the financial services sector, among other troubled sectors, and consistent government policy. Any changes or trends in these economic factors could have a significant impact on Japan’s economy overall and may negatively affect the Fund’s investment. Japan’s economy is also closely tied to its two largest trading partners, the U.S. and China. Economic volatility in either nation may create volatility for Japan’s economy as well. Additionally, as China has increased its role with Japan as a trading partner, political tensions between the countries has become strained. Any increase or decrease in such tension may have consequences for investment in or exposure to Japanese issuers.

In March 2011, a massive earthquake and tsunami struck northeastern Japan causing major damage to the country’s domestic energy supply, including damage to nuclear power plants. In the wake of this natural disaster, Japan’s financial markets fluctuated dramatically and the resulting economic distress affected Japan’s recovery from its recession. The government injected capital into the economy and proposed plans for massive spending on reconstruction efforts in disaster-affected areas to stimulate economic growth. The full extent of the disaster’s impact on Japan’s economy and foreign investment in Japan is difficult to estimate. The risks of natural disasters of varying degrees, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, and the resulting damage, continue to exist. These and other factors could have a negative impact on the Fund’s performance.

Other Short-Term Instruments. The Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds; (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and foreign banks (including foreign branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or “A-1” by S&P or, if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Adviser; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; and (vi) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign banks (including U.S.

branches) that, in the opinion of the Adviser, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by the Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or a forward-settled basis. Money market instruments also include shares of money market funds. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”). A REIT is a corporation or business trust (that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation) which meets the definitional requirements of the Code. The Code permits a qualifying REIT to deduct from taxable income the dividends paid, thereby effectively eliminating corporate level federal income tax. To meet the definitional requirements of the Code, a REIT must, among other things: invest substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate (including mortgages and other REITs), cash and government securities; derive most of its income from rents from real property or interest on loans secured by mortgages on real property; and, in general, distribute annually 90% or more of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) to shareholders.

REITs are sometimes informally characterized as Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. An Equity REIT invests primarily in the fee ownership or leasehold ownership of land and buildings (e.g., commercial equity REITs and residential equity REITs); a Mortgage REIT invests primarily in mortgages on real property, which may secure construction, development or long-term loans.

REITs may be affected by changes in underlying real estate values, which may have an exaggerated effect to the extent that REITs in which the Fund invests may concentrate investments in particular geographic regions or property types. Additionally, rising interest rates may cause investors in REITs to demand a higher annual yield from future distributions, which may in turn decrease market prices for equity securities issued by REITs. Rising interest rates also generally increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could cause the value of the Fund’s investments to decline. During periods of declining interest rates, certain Mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay, which prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by such Mortgage REITs. In addition, Mortgage REITs may be affected by the ability of borrowers to repay when due the debt extended by the REIT and Equity REITs may be affected by the ability of tenants to pay rent.

Certain REITs have relatively small market capitalization, which may tend to increase the volatility of the market price of securities issued by such REITs. Furthermore, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, a shareholder will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of the REITs. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cashflow to make distributions to shareholders.

In addition to these risks, Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, Equity and Mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. Equity and Mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy cashflow dependency defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, Equity and Mortgage

REITs could possibly fail to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally available to REITs under the Code or fail to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments.

Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may invest in repurchase agreements with commercial banks, brokers or dealers to generate income from its excess cash balances and to invest securities lending cash collateral. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which the Fund acquires a financial instrument (e.g., a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance or a certificate of deposit) from a seller, subject to resale to the seller at an agreed upon price and date (normally, the next Business Day (as defined below)). A repurchase agreement may be considered a loan collateralized by securities. The resale price reflects an agreed upon interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by the Fund and is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument.

In these repurchase agreement transactions, the securities acquired by the Fund (including accrued interest earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement and are held by the Fund’s custodian until repurchased. No more than an aggregate of 15% of the Fund’s net assets will be invested in illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements having maturities longer than seven days and securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, or for which there are no readily available market quotations.

The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. For example, if the other party to the agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying security at a time when the value of the security has declined, the Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of the security. If the other party to the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying security is collateral for a loan by the Fund not within the control of the Fund and, therefore, the Fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of the other party to the agreement.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements, which involve the sale of securities held by the Fund subject to its agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon date or upon demand and at a price reflecting a market rate of interest. Reverse repurchase agreements are subject to the Fund’s limitation on borrowings and may be entered into only with banks or securities dealers or their affiliates. While a reverse repurchase agreement is outstanding, the Fund will maintain the segregation, either on its records or with the Custodian, of cash or other liquid securities, marked-to-market daily, in an amount at least equal to its obligations under the reverse repurchase agreement.

Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the buyer of the securities sold by the Fund might be unable to deliver them when the Fund seeks to repurchase. If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the buyer or trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s

obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision.

Securities Lending. The Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain creditworthy borrowers. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current value of the securities loaned. The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. The lending Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities. Distributions received on loaned securities in lieu of dividend payments (i.e., substitute payments) would not be considered qualified dividend income.

With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower will be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, the Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of the lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds.

The Fund may pay a portion of the interest or fees earned from securities lending to a borrower as described above, and to one or more securities lending agents approved by the Board who administer the lending program for the Fund in accordance with guidelines approved by the Board. In such capacity, the lending agent causes the delivery of loaned securities from the Fund to borrowers, arranges for the return of loaned securities to the Fund at the termination of a loan, requests deposit of collateral, monitors the daily value of the loaned securities and collateral, requests that borrowers add to the collateral when required by the loan agreements, and provides recordkeeping and accounting services necessary for the operation of the program.

Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees the Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. In the event a borrower does not return the Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities.

Senior Loans. The Fund may invest in underlying funds that purchase senior secured floating rate loans or senior secured floating rate debt securities (collectively “Bank Loans”). Investments in Bank Loans are subject to interest rate risk and credit risk. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of a loan resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the borrower of a loan will be unable and/or unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its obligation. Default in the payment of interest or principal on a loan will result in a reduction in the value of the loan and consequently a reduction in the value of a fund’s investments and a potential decrease in the NAV of a fund. A fund may invest in Bank Loans that are secured by specific collateral, however there can be no assurance that such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment

of scheduled interest or principal or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of the bankruptcy of a borrower, a fund’s access to the collateral may be limited by bankruptcy or other insolvency loans and, therefore, the fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing a Bank Loan.

There is no organized exchange on which Bank Loans are traded and reliable market quotations may not be readily available. Therefore, elements of judgment may play a greater role in valuation of Bank Loans than for securities with a more developed secondary market and a fund may not realize full value in the event of the need to sell a Bank Loan. To the extent that a secondary market does exist for certain loans, the market may be subject to volatility, irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads, decreased liquidity and extended trade settlement periods. Some Bank Loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could subordinate the Bank Loans to presently existing or future indebtedness of the borrower or take other action detrimental to lenders, including the ETFs in which the Fund invests, such as invalidation of the Bank Loans or causing interest previously paid to be refunded to the borrower. Investments in Bank Loans also are subject to the risk of changes in legislation or state or federal regulations. If such legislation or regulations impose additional requirements or restrictions on the ability of financial institutions to make loans, the availability of Bank Loans for investment by a fund may be adversely affected. Many Bank Loans are not registered with the SEC or any state securities commission and often are not rated by any nationally recognized rating service. Generally, there is less readily available, reliable information about most Bank Loans than is the case for many other types of securities. Although a Bank Loan may be senior to equity and other debt securities in a borrower’s capital structure, such obligations may be structurally subordinated to obligations of the borrower’s subsidiaries.

Short Sales. The Fund may make short sales of securities: (i) to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities; (ii) to increase the flexibility of the Fund; (iii) for investment return; (iv) as part of a risk arbitrage strategy; and (v) as part of its overall portfolio management strategies involving the use of derivative instruments. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.

When the Fund makes a short sale, it will often borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. In connection with short sales of securities, the Fund may pay a fee to borrow securities or maintain an arrangement with a broker to borrow securities, and is often obligated to pay over any accrued interest and dividends on such borrowed securities.

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

The Fund may invest pursuant to a risk arbitrage strategy to take advantage of a perceived relationship between the value of two securities. Frequently, a risk arbitrage strategy involves the short sale of a security.

To the extent that the Fund engages in short sales, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of segregated or “earmarked” assets that PIMCO determines to be liquid in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees and that is equal to the current market value of the securities sold short (calculated daily), or will ensure that such positions are covered by offsetting positions, until the Fund replaces the borrowed security. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that the Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. The Fund will engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws and rules and interpretations thereunder. To the extent the Fund engages in short selling in foreign (non-U.S.) jurisdictions, the Fund will do so to the extent permitted by the laws and regulations of such jurisdiction.

Tax Risks. As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in the Prospectus and this SAI is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Fund makes distributions or you sell Shares.

TBA Transactions. The Fund may invest in underlying funds that invest in U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”). In the basic MBS structure, mortgages with similar issuer, term and coupon characteristics are collected and aggregated into a “pool” consisting of multiple mortgage loans. The pool is assigned a CUSIP number and undivided interests in the pool are traded and sold as pass-through securities. The holder of the security is entitled to a pro rata share of principal and interest payments (including unscheduled prepayments) from the pool of mortgage loans.

An investment in a specific pool of pass-through securities requires an analysis of the specific prepayment risk of mortgages within the covered pool (since mortgagors typically have the option to prepay their loans). The level of prepayments on a pool of mortgage securities is difficult to predict and can impact the subsequent cash flows and value of the mortgage pool. In addition, when trading specific mortgage pools, precise execution, delivery and settlement arrangements must be negotiated for each transaction. These factors combine to make trading in mortgage pools somewhat cumbersome.

For the foregoing and other reasons, a fund may seek to obtain exposure to U.S. agency MBS through the use of “to-be-announced” or “TBA transactions.” “TBA” refers to a commonly used mechanism for the forward settlement of U.S. agency MBS, and not to a separate type of MBS. Most transactions in MBS occur through the use of TBA transactions. TBA transactions generally are conducted in accordance with widely-accepted guidelines which establish commonly observed terms and conditions for execution, settlement and delivery. In a TBA transaction, the buyer and seller decide on general trade parameters, such as agency, settlement date, paramount,

and price. The actual pools delivered generally are determined two days prior to settlement date. The Fund intends to use TBA transactions in several ways. For example, a fund expects that it will regularly enter into TBA agreements and “roll over” such agreements prior to the settlement date stipulated in such agreements. This type of TBA transaction is sometimes known as a “TBA roll.” In a “TBA roll” a fund generally will sell the obligation to purchase the pools stipulated in the TBA agreement prior to the stipulated settlement date and will enter into a new TBA agreement for future delivery of pools of MBS. In addition, a fund may enter into TBA agreements and settle such transactions on the stipulated settlement date by accepting actual receipt or delivery of the pools of MBS stipulated in the TBA agreement.

Default by or bankruptcy of a counterparty to a TBA transaction would expose the Fund to possible loss because of adverse market action, expenses or delays in connection with the purchase or sale of the pools of MBS specified in the TBA transaction. A fund’s use of “TBA rolls” may cause the fund to experience higher portfolio turnover, higher transaction costs and to pay higher capital gain distributions to shareholders (which may be taxable) than other funds.

U.S. Government Securities. The Fund may invest directly in or in underlying funds that invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as Fannie Mae, the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, Banks for Cooperatives (including the Central Bank for Cooperatives), the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation.

Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by Fannie Mae, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. U.S. Treasury notes and bonds typically pay coupon interest semi-annually and repay the principal at maturity.

On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and

obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality (the “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement” or “Agreement”). Under the Agreement, the U.S. Treasury pledged to provide up to $200 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. This was intended to ensure that the instrumentalities maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations, preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was amending the Agreement to allow the $200 billion cap on the U.S. Treasury’s funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in net worth over the next three years. As a result of this Agreement, the investments of holders, including the Fund, of mortgage-backed securities and other obligations issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are protected.

The total public debt of the United States as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008-2009 financial downturn. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt can raise concerns that the U.S. government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. This increase has also necessitated the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt limit to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. In August 2011, S&P lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. In explaining the downgrade at that time, S&P cited, among other reasons, controversy over raising the statutory debt limit and growth in public spending. On February 9, 2018, following passage by Congress, the President of the United States signed the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, which suspends the statutory debt limit through March 1, 2019. Any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding the statutory debt ceiling negotiations may impact the U.S. long-term sovereign credit rating and may cause market uncertainty. As a result, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may be adversely affected.

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities. The Fund may invest in underlying funds that invest in inflation-protected public obligations, commonly known as “TIPS,” of the U.S. Treasury, as well as TIPS of major governments and emerging market countries, excluding the United States. TIPS are a type of security issued by a government that is designed to provide inflation protection to investors. TIPS are income-generating instruments whose interest and principal payments are adjusted for inflation— a sustained increase in prices that erodes the purchasing power of money. The inflation adjustment, which is typically applied monthly to the principal of the bond, follows a designated inflation index, such as the Consumer Price Index. A fixed coupon rate is applied to the inflation-adjusted principal so that as inflation rises or falls, both the principal value and the interest payments will increase or decrease. This can provide investors with a hedge against inflation, as it helps preserve the purchasing power of an investment. Because of this inflation adjustment feature, inflation-protected bonds typically have lower yields than conventional fixed-rate bonds.

Portfolio Turnover

Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates are likely to result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. The overall reasonableness of

brokerage commissions is evaluated by the Adviser based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services. The Fund is newly organized and has not had any operations as of the date of this SAI.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about the Fund’s security holdings. The Fund’s entire portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Fund is open for business and through financial reporting and news services including publicly available internet web sites. In addition, the composition of the Deposit Securities is publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the Exchange via the facilities of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”).

EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING

Shares are listed for trading and trade throughout the day on the Exchange.

There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue to meet the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares. The Exchange will consider the suspension of trading in, and will initiate delisting proceedings of, Shares under any of the following circumstances: (i) if any of the requirements set forth in the Exchange rules are not continuously maintained; (ii) if the Exchange files separate proposals under Section 19(b) of the 1940 Act and any of the statements regarding (a) the description of the Fund; (b) limitations on the Fund’s portfolio holdings or reference assets; (c) dissemination and availability of the intraday indicative values; or (d) the applicability of the Exchange listing rules specified in such proposals are not continuously maintained; (iii) if following the initial 12-month period beginning at the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of Shares; (iv) if the intraday indicative value is no longer disseminated at least every 15 seconds during the Exchange’s regular market session and the interruption to the dissemination persists past the trading day in which it occurred; or (v) such other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove Shares from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.

The Corporation reserves the right to adjust the price levels of Shares in the future to help maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.

To provide additional information regarding the indicative value of Shares, the Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or other widely disseminated means an updated “intraday indicative value” (“IIV”) for the Fund as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Corporation is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IIVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IIVs.

DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION

As a Maryland corporation, the business and affairs of the Corporation are managed by its officers under the direction of its Board of Directors. (The portfolios in the Leuthold Fund family are the only mutual funds and exchange traded funds in a “fund complex,” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act.) The name, age, address, principal occupation(s) during the past five years, and other information with respect to each of the current directors and officers of the Corporation are as follows (the ages are as of January 31, 2019).

Name, Address and Age	Position(s) Held with Corporation	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years	Number of Portfolios in the Fund Complex Overseen By Directors	Other Directorships Held (during past five years) by Director
“Noninterested Persons”
Lawrence L. Horsch c/o Leuthold Weeden Capital Management 150 South Fifth Street Suite 1700 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age: 84	Chairman and Director	Indefinite, Director since 1995	Chairman, Eagle Management & Financial Corp., a management consulting firm	5	Somero Enterprises and Pioneer Sales Group

Steven R. Schroll c/o Leuthold Weeden Capital Management 150 South Fifth Street Suite 1700 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age: 62	Director and Chair of Nominating Committee	Indefinite, Director since 2019	Retired. Served as Senior Equity Portfolio Manager at Ameriprise Financial (Columbia Management) from 2002 to 2018	5	None

Addison L. Piper c/o Leuthold Weeden Capital Management 150 South Fifth Street Suite 1700 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age: 72	Director and Chair of Audit Committee	Indefinite, Director since 2009	Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Piper Jaffray Companies and PREDEX	5	Piper Jaffray Companies and PREDEX

Name, Address and Age	Position(s) Held with Corporation	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years	Number of Portfolios in the Fund Complex Overseen By Directors	Other Directorships Held by Director
“Interested Persons”
John C. Mueller 150 South Fifth Street Suite 1700 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age: 50	Director President	Indefinite, Director since 2009 One year term, President since 2011	Co-Chief Executive Officer of The Leuthold Group since 2005. Involved in Sales and Marketing for The Leuthold Group since 2001.	5	None
“Interested Persons”
Holly J. Weiss 150 South Fifth Street Suite 1700 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age: 50	Secretary and Treasurer	One year term, Secretary and Treasurer since 2009	Chief Financial Officer of the Adviser since 2011. Controller of the Adviser from 2008 to 2011.	N/A	N/A
Roger A. Peters 150 South Fifth Street Suite 1700 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age: 58	Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer	One year term, Chief Compliance Officer since 2006 and Vice President since 2007 and Anti-Money Laundering Officer since 2011	Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser since 2005.	N/A	N/A
Glenn R. Larson 150 South Fifth Street Suite 1700 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Age: 53	Assistant Secretary	One year term, Assistant Secretary since 2006	Compliance Officer of the Adviser since 2005.	N/A	N/A

Qualification of Directors

John C. Mueller has extensive experience in the investment management industry, most recently as Co-Chief Executive Officer of The Leuthold Group. His experience and skills as a chief executive officer, as well as his familiarity with the investment management industry, particularly sales and marketing strategies utilized by the Adviser, led to the conclusion that he should serve as a director.

Lawrence L. Horsch’s long experience as a management consultant and director of 27 corporations has honed his understanding of financial statements and the complex issues that confront

businesses, making him a valuable member of the Board of Directors. Addison L. Piper has extensive experience in the financial industry, having served as the chief executive officer of a financial services company, which has provided him with a thorough knowledge of financial products and financial statements, making him a valuable member of the Board of Directors. Each of Messrs. Horsch and Piper takes a conservative and thoughtful approach to addressing issues facing the Funds. The combination of skills and attributes discussed above led to the conclusion that each of Messrs. Horsch and Piper should serve as a director. Mr. Schroll has served as director of the Leuthold Funds since 2019. Through his thirty-eight years of investment experience, as both an equity analyst and portfolio manager working for both sell side and buy side firms, he has developed skills in investment analysis, portfolio construction, written and verbal communication, client marketing, resource management, prioritization planning, and business planning that will benefit the Board during its evaluation of the Leuthold Funds’ performance and operation. These experiences also honed Mr. Schroll’s understanding of financial statements and the complex issues that confront businesses. The combination of skills and attributes discussed above led to the conclusion that Mr. Schroll should serve as a director.

Board Leadership Structure

The Board of Directors has general oversight responsibility with respect to the operation of the Corporation and the Funds, and has structured itself in a manner that it believes allows it to perform its oversight function effectively. The Board of Directors has engaged the Adviser to manage the Funds and is responsible for overseeing the Adviser and other service providers to the Funds in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act and other applicable laws. The Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee that is comprised entirely of members of the Board who are disinterested persons of the Funds (the “Independent Directors”). The Chairman of the Board is an Independent Director, and acts as the primary liaison between the Independent Directors and management. The Independent Directors help identify matters for consideration by the Board of Directors and the Chairman of the Board regularly participates in the agenda setting process for Board meetings.

The Board of Directors has determined that the structure of the Chairman of the Board as an Independent Director and the function and composition of the Audit Committee are appropriate means to provide effective oversight on behalf of the Funds’ stockholders and address any potential conflicts of interest that may arise from the Adviser’s representation on the Board. Further, the Corporation has determined that its leadership structure is appropriate in light of, among other factors, the asset size and nature of the Funds, the arrangements for the conduct of the Funds’ operations, the number of directors, and the responsibilities of the Board of Directors.

Board Oversight of Risk

Through its direct oversight role, and indirectly through the Audit Committee, and officers of the Funds and service providers, the Board of Directors performs a risk oversight function for the Funds. To effectively perform its risk oversight function, the Board, among other things, performs the following activities: receives and reviews reports related to the performance and operations of the Funds; reviews and approves, as applicable, the compliance policies and procedures of the Funds; approves the Funds’ principal investment policies; adopts policies and procedures designed to deter market timing; meets with representatives of various service

providers, including the Adviser and the independent registered public accounting firm of the Funds, to review and discuss the activities of the Funds and to provide direction with respect thereto; and appoints a chief compliance officer of the Funds who oversees the implementation and testing of the Funds’ compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Funds and their service providers.

The Corporation has an Audit Committee, which plays a significant role in the risk oversight of the Funds as it meets semiannually with the auditors of the Funds and semiannually with the Funds’ chief compliance officer.

Not all risks that may affect the Funds can be identified nor can controls be developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. It may not be practical or cost effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, the processes and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness, and some risks are simply beyond the reasonable control of the Funds, the Adviser or other service providers. Moreover, it is necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Funds’ goals. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Funds’ ability to manage risk is subject to substantial limitations.

Board Committees

The Board of Directors has two committees, the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee. The members of both committees are comprised of directors who are not “interested persons.” Currently, Messrs. Piper and Horsch are the members of the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee.

The primary functions of the audit committee are to recommend to the Board of Directors the independent auditors to be retained to perform the annual audit, to review the results of the audit, to review the Funds’ internal controls and to review certain other matters relating to the independent auditors and financial records. The audit committee held two meetings during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

The function of the Nominating Committee is to select and recommend candidates who are not “interested persons” of the Funds for election to the Board of Directors. The Nominating Committee held one meeting during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The Nominating Committee will meet only when necessary to select and recommend candidates who are not “interested persons” of the Funds for election to the Board of Directors. While the Nominating Committee is not required to consider candidates recommended by the Funds’ stockholders for election as directors, the Nominating Committee in its discretion may consider such recommendations. Any stockholder that wishes to nominate a director candidate should submit complete information as to the identity and qualifications of the director candidate. At a minimum, this information should include (a) the name and age of the nominee; (b) the nominee’s business background for at least the past five years; (c) any directorships that the nominee holds, or has held in the past five years, in public companies or investment companies; (d) any relationships of the nominee to the Funds, including share ownership; and (e) a description of all arrangements or understanding between such stockholder and each nominee and any other person pursuant to which the nomination is being made. A stockholder recommendation for a director nominee should be

delivered to the Funds’ Secretary at 150 South Fifth Street, Suite 1700, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402.

The Corporation’s Board of Directors has no other committees.

Board Compensation

The Corporation’s standard method of compensating directors is to pay each director who is not an interested person of the Corporation a fee of $11,800 for each meeting of the Board of Directors attended. The Corporation also pays additional compensation to the Chairman of the Board, the Chairman of the Audit Committee and the Chairman of the Nominating Committee. The Corporation also may reimburse its directors for travel expenses incurred in order to attend meetings of the Board of Directors.

The table below sets forth the compensation paid by the Corporation to each of the directors of the Corporation who served during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019:

COMPENSATION TABLE
Name of Person	Aggregate Compensation from Corporation	Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued As Part of Fund Expenses	Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement	Total Compensation from Corporation and Fund Complex Paid to Directors
“Interested Persons”
John C. Mueller	$0	$0	$0	$0
“Noninterested Persons”
Lawrence L. Horsch	$73,900	$0	$0	$73,900
Paul M. Kelnberger*	$48,388	$0	$0	$48,388
Addison L. Piper	$65,650	$0	$0	$65,650
Steven R. Schroll	$17,263	$0	$0	$17,263

As previously reported, Paul M. Kelnberger passed away in June 2019.

Code of Ethics

The Corporation and the Adviser have adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. This code of ethics permits personnel subject thereto to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. This code of ethics generally prohibits, among other things, persons subject thereto from purchasing or selling securities if they know at the time of such purchase or sale that the security is being considered for purchase or sale by the Funds or is being purchased or sold by the Funds. While Compass Distributors, LLC, on behalf of the distributor to the Fund and its affiliates, has adopted a code of ethics that is compliant with Rule 17j-1, the distributor is not required to adopt a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1, in reliance on the exemption found in Rule 17j-1(c)(3).

Proxy Voting

The Funds vote proxies in accordance with the Adviser’s proxy voting policy. The Adviser generally follows the so-called “Wall Street Rule,” subject to the exceptions discussed below. Under the “Wall Street Rule,” the Adviser votes as management recommends or sells the stock prior to the meeting. The Adviser believes that following the “Wall Street Rule” is generally consistent with the economic best interests of the Funds. When management makes no recommendation, the Adviser will not vote proxies unless the Adviser determines the failure to vote would have a material adverse effect on the Funds. If the Adviser determines that the failure to vote would have a material adverse effect on the Funds, it will vote in accordance with what it believes are the economic best interests of the Funds.

The Adviser will “echo” vote (namely, vote for and against the proposal in the same proportion as all other shareholders) shares of investment companies that it owns inside the Funds to comply with the requirements of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. If voting a proxy restricts trading in a security, the Adviser will not vote the proxy unless the trading restriction is of such limited duration that the Adviser deems the trading restriction will not negatively impact the Funds.

Consistent with its duty of care the Adviser monitors proxy proposals just as it monitors other corporate events affecting the companies in which the Funds invest. In the event that a vote presents a conflict of interest between the interests of the Funds and the Adviser, the Adviser will disclose the conflict to the Board of Directors and, consistent with its duty of care and duty of loyalty, “echo” vote the securities (namely, vote for and against the proposal in the same proportion as all other shareholders). Information on how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 may be requested, without charge, by calling 1-800-273-6886. This information is also available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Class Actions

Broadridge’s Global Securities Class Action Services division provides the necessary infrastructure and technology to process cases and settlements. When it is deemed financially beneficial, the Adviser will take the appropriate actions to file class action lawsuits on behalf of the Funds. When there has been money awarded to one of the Funds, Broadridge is entitled to keep 18% of the recovery amount it claims for the Fund; the Adviser does not receive any compensation for this service. In the event that participation in a class action lawsuit presents a conflict of interest between the interests of the Fund and the Adviser, the Adviser will disclose the conflict to the Board of Directors and the Board of Directors will determine whether to participate in the class action lawsuit.

OWNERSHIP OF MANAGEMENT AND PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has had no operations. No person is deemed to “control” the Fund, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. The Corporation does not control any person.

The table below sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each then serving Director in the current, operating Funds as of December 31, 2019. The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has had no operations.

Name of Director	Dollar Range of Equity Securities of Leuthold Core Investment Fund		Dollar Range of Equity Securities of Leuthold Global Fund		Dollar Range of Equity Securities of Leuthold Select Industries Fund
Interested Persons
John C. Mueller		Over $100,000		Over $100,000	Over $100,000
Noninterested Persons
Lawrence L. Horsch		$50,001 - $100,000		None	None
Addison L. Piper		None*		None	None
Steven R. Schroll		None		None	None

Name of Director	Dollar Range of Equity Securities of Grizzly Short Fund	Dollar Range of Equity Securities of All Funds
Interested Persons
John C. Mueller	None	Over $100,000
Noninterested Persons
Lawrence L. Horsch	$50,001 - $100,000	Over $100,000
Addison L. Piper	None	None*
Steven R. Schroll	None	None

The Adviser manages a separate account for Mr. Piper that utilizes an investment strategy substantially similar to the strategy that the Leuthold Core Investment Fund utilizes. Mr. Piper has over $100,000 invested in this account.

INVESTMENT ADVISER, PORTFOLIO MANAGERS, ADMINISTRATOR, CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AGENT AND ACCOUNTING SERVICES AGENT

The Adviser

The investment adviser to the Funds is Leuthold Weeden Capital Management, 150 South Fifth Street, Suite 1700, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402. Pursuant to the investment advisory agreements entered into between the Corporation and the Adviser with respect to the Funds (the “Advisory Agreements”), the Adviser furnishes continuous investment advisory services to the Funds.

The Adviser supervises and manages the investment portfolio of the Funds and, subject to such policies as the Board of Directors of the Corporation may determine, directs the purchase or sale of investment securities in the day-to-day management of the Funds’ investment portfolios. Firm-wide risks for the Adviser are recorded and reviewed at least annually by management of the Adviser. As part of this process, risks inherent in the Funds are quantified and analyzed monthly by management of the Adviser and the Funds’ portfolio managers.

Under the Advisory Agreements, the Adviser, at its own expense and without reimbursement from the Funds, furnishes office space and all necessary office facilities, equipment and executive personnel for managing the investments of the Funds and pays salaries and fees of all officers and directors of the Corporation (except the fees paid to directors who are not interested persons of the Adviser). For the foregoing, the Adviser receives the following investment advisory fee from the Funds based on their average daily net assets at the annual rate of:

Leuthold Core ETF	0.50%
Leuthold Core Investment Fund:	0.90%
Leuthold Global Fund:	0.90%
Leuthold Select Industries Fund:	1.00%
Grizzly Short Fund	1.25%

The Funds pays all of their expenses not assumed by the Adviser including, but not limited to, the costs of preparing and printing its registration statements required under the Securities Act and the 1940 Act and any amendments thereto, the expenses of registering its shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in the various states, the printing and distribution cost of prospectuses mailed to existing stockholders, the cost of director and officer liability insurance, reports to stockholders, reports to government authorities and proxy statements, interest charges, brokerage commissions, and expenses incurred in connection with portfolio transactions. The Funds also pay the fees of directors who are not officers of the Corporation or interested persons of the Adviser, salaries of administrative and clerical personnel, association membership dues, auditing and accounting services, fees and expenses of any custodian or trustees having custody of assets of the Funds, expenses of calculating the net asset value and repurchasing and redeeming shares, and charges and expenses of dividend disbursing agents, registrars, and share transfer agents, including the cost of keeping all necessary stockholder records and accounts and handling any problems relating thereto.

The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has had no operations.

The Advisory Agreement for the Fund remains in effect for two years from its effective date and thereafter continues in effect as long as its continuance is specifically approved at least annually (i) by the Board of Directors of the Corporation or by the vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the outstanding shares of the applicable Fund, and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the directors of the Corporation who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or interested persons of the Adviser, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

The Advisory Agreement for the Fund provides that the Adviser shall not be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for anything other than willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations or duties. The Advisory Agreement for the Fund also provides that the Adviser and its officers, directors and employees may engage in other businesses, devote time and attention to any other business whether of a similar or dissimilar nature, and render services to others.

None of the directors who are “Disinterested Persons” of the Corporation, or any member of their immediate family, own shares of the Adviser or companies, other than registered investment companies, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser.

The Adviser may pay compensation, out of its own funds and not as an expense of the Funds, to certain unaffiliated brokers, dealers or other financial intermediaries (“financial intermediaries”) in connection with the sale or retention of shares of the Funds or stockholder servicing. For example, the Adviser may pay additional compensation for the purpose of providing services to the Funds or to stockholders of the Funds, including stockholder servicing, transaction processing, sub-accounting services and marketing support. These payments, sometimes referred to as ‘‘revenue sharing,’’ do not change the price paid by investors to purchase the Funds’ shares or the amount the Fund receives as proceeds from such sales. The making of revenue sharing payments could create a conflict of interest for financial intermediaries receiving such payments.

The Adviser or the Funds may receive fees from third party mutual fund sponsors for providing product support services related to the sponsors’ funds and their shareholders. These are shareholder services and other services of an administrative and clerical nature related to the third party funds, and are not services that are primarily intended to result in the sale of such funds. The receipt of such fees could create a conflict of interest. The Adviser and the Funds mitigate this risk by ensuring that they make no recommendations regarding any investments in such funds, and by ensuring that they receive no compensation in connection with any purchase of such funds or any distribution related activities of such funds.

Portfolio Managers

The sole investment adviser to the Fund is Leuthold Weeden Capital Management. The Leuthold Funds use a team-based approach to portfolio management. Each portfolio manager works collectively on the names and ideas in the portfolio and is equally responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds that they manage. Final investment decisions are made by consensus.

T he portfolio managers to the Funds may have responsibility for the day-to-day management of accounts other than the Funds. Information regarding these other accounts is set forth below. The number of accounts and assets for the portfolio managers to the Fund are shown as of September 30, 2019.

	Number of Other Accounts Managed and Total Assets by Account Type			Number of Accounts and Total Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based
Name of Portfolio Managers	Registered Investment Companies	Other Pooled Investment Vehicles	Other Accounts	Registered Investment Companies	Other Pooled Investment Vehicles	Other Accounts
Douglas R. Ramsey	0 $0	0 $0	59 $250,613,581	0 $0	0 $0	0 $0
Chun Wang	0 $0	1 $22,957,290	85 $293,765,637	0 $0	0 $0	0 $0
Scott D. Opsal	0 $0	0 $0	26 $32,379,464	0 $0	0 $0	0 $0

The portfolio managers of the Adviser are often responsible for managing other accounts. The Adviser typically assigns accounts with similar investment strategies to the portfolio managers to mitigate the potentially conflicting investment strategies of accounts. Other than potential conflicts between investment strategies, the side-by-side management of the Funds and other accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest due to the interest held by the Adviser or one of its affiliates in an account and certain trading practices used by the portfolio managers (for example, cross trades between a particular Fund and another account and allocation of aggregated trades). The Adviser has developed policies and procedures reasonably designed to mitigate those conflicts. In particular, the Adviser has adopted policies limiting the ability of portfolio managers to cross securities between Funds and policies designed to ensure the fair allocation of securities purchased on an aggregated basis.

The portfolio managers are compensated in various forms. The following table outlines the forms of compensation paid to each portfolio manager of the Fund as of September 30, 2019.

Name of Portfolio Managers	Form of Compensation	Source of Compensation	Method Used to Determine Compensation (Including Any Differences in Method Between Account Types)
Douglas R. Ramsey	Salary/Bonus	Leuthold Weeden Capital Management	Mr. Ramsey receives a fixed salary that is set by reference to industry standards. He also receives an annual subjective bonus based solely on the overall profitability of the Adviser after taxes for the prior fiscal year and based on an evaluation of all the duties he performs for the Adviser.
Chun Wang	Salary/Bonus	Leuthold Weeden Capital Management	Mr. Wang receives a fixed salary that is set by reference to industry standards. He also receives an annual subjective bonus based solely on the overall profitability of the Adviser after taxes for the prior fiscal year and based on an evaluation of all the duties he performs for the Adviser.
Scott D. Opsal	Salary/Bonus	Leuthold Weeden Capital Management	Mr. Opsal receives a fixed salary that is set by reference to industry standards. He also receives an annual subjective bonus based solely on the overall profitability of the Adviser after taxes for the prior fiscal year and based on an evaluation of all the duties he performs for the Adviser.

The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has had no operations.

The Administrator

The administrator to the Corporation is U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, 777 East Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 (the “Administrator”). Pursuant to a Fund Administration Servicing Agreement entered into between the Corporation and the Administrator (the “Administration Agreement”), the Administrator prepares and maintains the books, accounts and other documents required by the 1940 Act, responds to stockholder inquiries, prepares the Funds’ financial statements and tax returns, prepares certain reports and filings with the SEC and with state blue sky authorities, furnishes statistical and research data, clerical, accounting and bookkeeping services and stationery and office supplies, keeps and maintains the Funds’ financial and accounting records and generally assists in all aspects of the Funds’ operations. The Administrator, at its own expense and without reimbursement from the Funds, furnishes office space and all necessary office facilities, equipment and executive personnel for performing the services required to be performed by it under the Administration Agreement. For the foregoing, the Administrator receives from the Funds a fee, paid monthly at an annual rate of 0.045% of the first $1,500,000,000 of the Funds’ average net assets, 0.035% of the next $1,500,000,000 of the Funds’ average net assets and 0.025% of the Funds’ average net assets in excess of $3,000,000,000. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the minimum annual fee payable to the Administrator is $320,000.

The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has had no operations.

The Administration Agreement will remain in effect until terminated by either party. The Administration Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board of Directors of the Corporation upon the giving of ninety (90) days’ written notice to the Administrator, or by the Administrator upon the giving of ninety (90) days’ written notice to the Corporation.

Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator is required to exercise reasonable care and is not liable for any error or judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Corporation in connection with its performance under the Administration Agreement, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence on the part of the Administrator in the performance of its duties under the Administration Agreement.

The Custodian

U.S. Bank, N.A., 1555 North RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, an affiliate of U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, serves as custodian of the Funds’ assets pursuant to Custody Agreement. Under the Custody Agreement, U.S. Bank, N.A. has agreed to (i) maintain a separate account in the name of each of the Funds, (ii) make receipts and disbursements of money on behalf of each of the Funds, (iii) collect and receive all income and other payments and distributions on account of each of the Funds’ portfolio investments, (iv) respond to correspondence from stockholders, security brokers and others relating to its duties, and (v) make periodic reports to each of the Funds concerning such Fund’s operations. U.S. Bank, N.A. does not exercise any supervisory function over the purchase and sale of securities. The Bank of New York Mellon, headquartered in New York, serves as a sub-custodian of the global assets of the Funds.

U.S. Bank, N.A. is the designated Foreign Custody Manager (as the term is defined in Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act) of the Funds’ securities and cash held outside the United States. The directors have delegated to U.S. Bank certain responsibilities for such assets, as permitted by Rule 17f-5. U.S. Bank and the foreign subcustodians selected by it hold the Funds’ assets in safekeeping and collect and remit the income thereon, subject to the instructions of the Funds.

The Transfer Agent

U.S. Bank Global Fund Services serves as transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent for the Funds under a Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement. As transfer and dividend disbursing agent, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services has agreed to (i) issue and redeem shares of each of the Funds, (ii) make dividend and other distributions to stockholders of each of the Funds, (iii) respond to correspondence by Fund stockholders and others relating to its duties, (iv) maintain stockholder accounts, and (v) make periodic reports to each of the Funds.

The Fund Accounting Servicing Agent

In addition, the Corporation has entered into a Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement with U.S. Bank Global Fund Services pursuant to which U.S. Bank Global Fund Services has agreed to maintain the financial accounts and records of each of the Funds and provide other accounting services to the Funds. For its accounting services, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services is entitled to receive fees, payable monthly from the Funds at an annual rate of 0.0175% for the first $1 billion of average net assets and 0.01% of average net assets exceeding $1 billion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the minimum annual fee payable for accounting services is $160,000. U.S. Bank Global Fund Services is also entitled to certain out of pocket expenses, including pricing expenses.

The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has had no operations.

Distributor

Compass Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as the distributor for the Fund. Its principal business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04106. The Distributor is party to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Fund and distributes Shares. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Distributor only in Creation Units. The Distributor will not distribute Shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares.

Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent for the Fund, will receive orders for the purchase and redemption of Creation Units, provided that any subscriptions and orders will not be binding on the Fund until accepted by the Fund. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and a member of FINRA.

The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units” below) or DTC participants (as defined below).

The Distribution Agreement will continue for two years from its effective date and is renewable annually thereafter. The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Directors or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Directors who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Corporation on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by majority vote of its outstanding voting Shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board (including a majority of the Independent Directors), or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Distribution Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Distributor, or reckless disregard by it of its obligations thereunder, the Distributor shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.

Distribution of Shares

The Fund has adopted, but not implemented, a Service and Distribution Plan (the “12b-1 Plan”). The 12b-1 Plan was adopted in anticipation that the Fund will benefit from the 12b-1 Plan through increased sales of shares, thereby reducing the Fund’s expense ratio and providing the Adviser with greater flexibility in management. The 12b-1 Plan authorizes payments by the Fund in connection with the distribution of its shares at an annual rate, as determined from time to time by the Board of Directors, of up to 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Amounts paid under the 12b-1 Plan by the Fund may be spent by the Fund on any activities or expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of the Fund, including but not limited to, advertising, compensation for sales and marketing activities of financial institutions and others such as dealers and distributors, stockholder account servicing, the printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than current stockholders and the printing and mailing of sales literature. To the extent any activity

is one which the Fund may finance without a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1, the Fund may also make payments to finance such activity outside of the 12b-1 Plan and not subject to its limitations.

The 12b-1 Plan may be terminated by the Fund at any time by a vote of the directors of the Corporation who are not interested persons of the Corporation and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the 12b-1 Plan or any agreement related thereto (the “Rule 12b-1 Directors”) or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the applicable Fund. Messrs. Piper, Horsch and Schroll are currently the Rule 12b-1 Directors. Any change in the 12b-1 Plan that would materially increase the distribution expenses of the Fund provided for in the 12b-1 Plan requires approval of the Board of Directors, including the Rule 12b-1 Directors, and a majority of the Fund’s stockholders. The 12b-1 Plan may only be implemented by resolution of the Board of Directors and upon sixty (60) days’ notice to stockholders.

While the 12b-1 Plan is in effect, the selection and nomination of directors who are not interested persons of the Corporation will be committed to the discretion of the directors of the Corporation who are not interested persons of the Corporation. The Board of Directors of the Corporation must review the amount and purposes of expenditures pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan quarterly as reported to it by the distributor, if any, or officers of the Corporation. The 12b-1 plan will continue in effect for as long its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of Directors, including the Rule 12b-1 Directors.

Financial Intermediaries

The Adviser and/or its subsidiaries or affiliates (“Adviser Entities”) may pay certain broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds (“Payments”). Any Payments made by Adviser Entities will be made from their own assets and not from the assets of the Funds. Although a portion of Adviser Entities’ revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Funds, Payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Funds. Adviser Entities may make Payments for Intermediaries to participate in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about the Funds or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, the support of technology platforms and/or reporting systems. Adviser Entities may also make Payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Fund. In addition, Adviser Entities may make Payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Funds available to their clients or for otherwise promoting the Funds. Payments of this type are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments.

Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to an investor’s salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for the investor’s salesperson or other investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, Payments create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Funds over other investments. The same conflict of interest exists with respect to an investor’s

salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.

Adviser Entities may determine to make Payments based on any number of metrics. For example, Adviser Entities may make Payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more of the Funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing.

SECURITIES LENDING

During the fiscal year, the securities lending agent, or the Adviser (where the Funds do not use a securities lending agent) monitored loan opportunities for the Funds, negotiated the terms of the loans with borrowers, monitored the value of securities on loan and the value of the corresponding collateral, communicated with borrowers and the Funds’ custodian regarding marking to market the collateral, selected securities to be loaned and allocated those loan opportunities among lenders, and arranged for the return of the loaned securities upon the termination of the loan.

The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has had no operations.

BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM

The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depositary for Shares. Shares are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except in limited circumstances set forth below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.

DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).

Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to in this SAI as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating

to their purchase of Shares. The Corporation recognizes DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of Shares are not entitled to have Shares registered in their names, and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of Share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares.

Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Corporation upon request and for a fee a listing of Shares held by each DTC Participant. The Corporation shall obtain from each such DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Corporation shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Corporation shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

The Corporation has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in Shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to the Fund at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Fund shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Corporation makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.

PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES IN CREATION UNITS

The Fund issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees, if applicable), at their NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day, in proper form pursuant

to the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement (“Participant Agreement”). The NAV of Shares is calculated each Business Day as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The Fund will not issue fractional Creation Units. A “Business Day” is any day on which the NYSE is open for business.

Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of the Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) per each Creation Unit, constituting a substantial replication of the securities included in the Fund’s portfolio and the Cash Component (defined below), computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, the Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser.

Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares (per Creation Unit) and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant.

The Fund, through NSCC, makes available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time), the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, to effect purchases of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for the Fund Deposit for the Fund changes as corporate action events are reflected from time to time by the Adviser with a view to the investment objective of the Fund.

The Fund reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of Deposit Cash to replace any Deposit Security, which shall be added to the Cash Component, including, without limitation, in situations where the Deposit Security: (i) may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery;

(ii) may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC for corporate securities and municipal securities; (iii) may not be eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which it is acting; (iv) would be restricted under the securities laws or where the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws; or (v) in certain other situations (collectively, “custom orders”). The adjustments described above will reflect changes, known to the Adviser on the date of announcement to be in effect by the time of delivery of the Fund Deposit, resulting from certain corporate actions.

Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor to purchase a Creation Unit of the Fund, an entity must be (i) a “Participating Party”, i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant (see “Book Entry Only System”). In addition, each Participating Party or DTC Participant (each, an “Authorized Participant”) must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Transfer Agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Fund, an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the creation transaction fee (described below), if applicable, and any other applicable fees and taxes.

All orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units and in the manner and by the time set forth in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The order cut-off time for the Fund for orders to purchase Creation Units is expected to be 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, which time may be modified by the Fund from time-to-time by amendment to the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. In the case of custom orders, the order must be received by the Distributor no later than 3:00 p.m. Eastern time or such earlier time as may be designated by the Fund and disclosed to Authorized Participants. The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”

An Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund in Creation Units have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.

On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which the Fund’s investments are primarily traded is closed, the Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day(s). Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the

Participant Agreement and in accordance with the applicable order form. On behalf of the Fund, the Distributor will notify the Custodian of such order. The Custodian will then provide such information to the appropriate local sub-custodian(s). Those placing orders through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor by the cut-off time on such Business Day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or an Authorized Participant.

Fund Deposits must be delivered by an Authorized Participant through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities), through a subcustody agent (for foreign securities) and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Fund or its agents. With respect to foreign Deposit Securities, the Custodian shall cause the subcustodian of the Fund to maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, such Deposit Securities (or Deposit Cash for all or a part of such securities, as permitted or required), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by the Fund. Foreign Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local subcustodian. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the Authorized Participant in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of the Fund or its agents by no later than 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time (or such other time as specified by the Fund) on the Settlement Date. If the Fund or its agents do not receive all of the Deposit Securities, or the required Deposit Cash in lieu thereof, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. The “Settlement Date” for the Fund is generally the second Business Day after the Order Placement Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Fund, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than the Settlement Date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received by the Custodian in a timely manner by the Settlement Date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the Fund.

The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the applicable cut-off time and the federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m., Eastern Time (as set forth on the applicable order form), with the Custodian on the Settlement Date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m., Eastern Time (as set forth on the applicable order form) on the Settlement Date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. A creation request is considered to be in “proper form” if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, order form and this SAI are properly followed.

Issuance of a Creation Unit. Except as provided in this SAI, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Fund of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit

Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the subcustodian has confirmed to the Custodian that the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant subcustodian or subcustodians, the Distributor and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.

Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Fund of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the value as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”), which shall be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. The Authorized Participant must deposit with the Custodian the Additional Cash Deposit, as applicable, by 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time (or such other time as specified by the Fund) on the Settlement Date. If the Fund or its agents do not receive the Additional Cash Deposit in the appropriate amount, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Fund, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Fund in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Fund to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Fund for the costs incurred by the Fund in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Distributor plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Fund will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Fund and deposited into the Fund. In addition, a transaction fee, as described below under “Creation Transaction Fee,” may be charged. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the Settlement Date.

Acceptance of Orders of Creation Units. The Fund reserves the absolute right to reject an order for Creation Units transmitted to it by the Distributor with respect to the Fund including, without limitation, if (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Participant are not as disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Custodian; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares; (d) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (e) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (f) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Fund or the Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners; (g) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Fund, be unlawful; or (h) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the

Fund, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent and/or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.

Examples of such circumstances include acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Fund, the Distributor, the Custodian, a sub-custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Fund, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Fund, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor shall not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.

All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Fund, and the Fund’s determination shall be final and binding.

Creation Transaction Fee. A fixed purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee, payable to the Fund’s custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units (“Creation Order Costs”). The standard fixed creation transaction fee for the Fund is $200, regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. The Fund may adjust the standard fixed creation transaction fee from time to time. The fixed creation fee may be waived on certain orders if the Fund’s custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Creation Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.

In addition, a variable fee, payable to the Fund, of up to a maximum of 2% of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash purchases, non-standard orders, or partial cash purchases of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with buying the securities with cash. The Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.

Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Fund.

Risks of Purchasing Creation Units. There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the Fund. Because Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a

shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from the Fund, breaks them down into the constituent Shares, and sells those Shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.

Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.

Redemption. Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Fund through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. EXCEPT UPON LIQUIDATION OF THE FUND, THE FUND WILL NOT REDEEM SHARES IN AMOUNTS LESS THAN CREATION UNITS. Investors must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit to have such Shares redeemed by the Fund. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.

With respect to the Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and share quantities of the Fund’s portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.

Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Fund. With respect to in-kind redemptions of the Fund, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities—as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities, less a fixed redemption transaction fee, as applicable, as set forth below. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Fund’s discretion, an Authorized Participant may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.

Redemption Transaction Fee. A fixed redemption transaction fee, payable to the Fund’s custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units (“Redemption Order Costs”). The standard fixed redemption

transaction fee for the Fund is $250 regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed in the transaction. The Fund may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time. The fixed redemption fee may be waived on certain orders if the Fund’s custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Redemption Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.

In addition, a variable fee, payable to the Fund, of up to a maximum of 2% of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash redemptions, non-standard orders, or partial cash redemptions (when cash redemptions are available) of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with selling portfolio securities to satisfy a cash redemption. The Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.

Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Fund to their account or on their order.

Procedures for Redemption of Creation Units. Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form to the Transfer Agent prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Fund’s Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Fund is received by the Transfer Agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor’s Shares through DTC’s facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request shall be rejected.

The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Fund, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of Shares to the Fund’s Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.

Additional Redemption Procedures. In connection with taking delivery of shares of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, a redeeming shareholder or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such shareholder must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered.

Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within two Business Days of the trade date.

The Fund may, in its discretion, exercise its option to redeem such Shares in cash, and the redeeming investor will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee, if applicable, and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Fund’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). The Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities but does not differ in NAV.

Redemptions of Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming investor of Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” (“QIB”) as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. An Authorized Participant may be required by the Fund to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status to receive Fund Securities.

Because the portfolio securities of the Fund may trade on other exchanges on days that the Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their Shares, or to purchase or sell Shares on the Exchange, on days when the NAV of the Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant foreign markets.

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of Shares or determination of the NAV of Shares is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The net asset value (or price) per share of the Fund is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund’s investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by its number of outstanding shares. The net asset value of the Fund normally will be determined as of the close of regular trading (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day the NYSE is open for trading. The NYSE is open

for trading Monday through Friday except New Year’s Day, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Additionally, when any of the aforementioned holidays falls on a Saturday, the NYSE will not be open for trading on the preceding Friday and when any such holiday falls on a Sunday, the NYSE will not be open for trading on the succeeding Monday, unless unusual business conditions exist, such as the ending of a monthly or the yearly accounting period. The NYSE also may be closed on national days of mourning.

Securities listed on a national securities exchange (other than The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc., referred to as NASDAQ) are valued at the last sale price on the day the valuation is made. Securities that are traded on NASDAQ under one of its three listing tiers, NASDAQ Global Select Market, NASDAQ Global Market and NASDAQ Capital Market, are valued at the Nasdaq Official Closing Price. Securities Price information on listed stocks is taken from the exchange where the security is primarily traded. In the case of shares of other funds that are not traded on an exchange, a market valuation means such fund’s published NAV per share. Debt securities are valued at bid prices provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Directors that uses a matrix pricing method or other analytical pricing models. Physical metals are valued at prices provided by an independent pricing service. Other assets, including investments in open-end investment companies, and securities for which no quotations are readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Directors.

The Funds have adopted procedures pursuant to Rule 17a‑7 under the 1940 Act pursuant to which the Funds may effect a purchase and sale transaction between Funds, with an affiliated person of the Funds (or an affiliated person of such an affiliated person) in which a particular Fund issues its shares in exchange for securities of a type which are permitted investments for such Fund. For purposes of determining the number of shares to be issued, the securities to be exchanged will be valued in accordance with the requirements of Rule 17a‑7.

The Funds may invest in foreign securities. Trading in foreign securities may be completed at times that vary from the closing of the NYSE. The Board has approved the use of their independent pricing provider’s proprietary fair value pricing model to assist in determining current valuation for foreign securities traded in markets that close prior to the NYSE. Foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. Occasionally, events that affect these values and exchange rates may occur between the times at which they are determined and the closing of the NYSE. If these events materially affect the value of portfolio securities, then these securities may be valued as determined in good faith by the Funds’ Board of Directors. Some of the factors which may be considered by the Board of Directors and the Funds’ Fair Value Pricing Committee in determining fair value are fundamental analytical data relating to the investment, the nature and duration of any restrictions on disposition, trading in similar securities of the same issuer or comparable companies, information from broker dealers, and an evaluation of the forces that influence the market in which the securities are purchased and sold. The use of fair value pricing by a particular Fund may cause the net asset value of its shares to differ significantly from the net asset value that would be calculated without regard to such considerations.

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes.”

General Policies. Dividends from net investment income, if any, are declared and paid at least annually by the Fund. Distributions of net realized securities gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but the Fund may make distributions on a more frequent basis to comply with the distribution requirements of the Code, in all events in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.

Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Fund.

The Fund makes additional distributions to the extent necessary (i) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Fund, plus any net capital gains and (ii) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code. Management of the Fund reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the Fund’s eligibility for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income.

Dividend Reinvestment Service. The Fund will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by Beneficial Owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial Owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables to participate in the dividend reinvestment service and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares issued by the Fund of the Fund at NAV per Share. Distributions reinvested in additional Shares will nevertheless be taxable to Beneficial Owners acquiring such additional Shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.

INACTIVE ACCOUNTS

It is the responsibility of a stockholder to ensure that the stockholder maintains a correct address for the stockholder’s account(s), as a stockholder’s account(s) may be transferred to the stockholder’s state of residence if no activity occurs within the stockholder’s account during the “inactivity period” specified in the applicable state’s abandoned property laws. Specifically, an incorrect address may cause a stockholder’s account statements and other mailings to be returned to the Funds. Upon receiving returned mail, the Funds will attempt to locate the stockholder or rightful owner of the account. If the Funds are unable to locate the stockholder, then they will determine whether the stockholder’s account has legally been abandoned. The Funds are legally

obligated to escheat (or transfer) abandoned property to the appropriate state’s unclaimed property administrator in accordance with statutory requirements. The stockholder’s last known address of record determines which state has jurisdiction. Interest or income is not earned on redemption or distribution checks sent to you during the time the check remained uncashed.

ALLOCATION OF INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Although the Funds have differing investment objectives, there will be times when certain securities will be eligible for purchase by multiple Funds or will be contained in the portfolios of multiple Funds. Although securities of a particular company may be eligible for purchase by the Funds, the Adviser may determine at any particular time to purchase a security for one Fund, but not the another, based on each Fund’s investment objective and in a manner that is consistent with the Adviser’s fiduciary duties under federal and state law to act in the best interests of each Fund.

There may also be times when a given investment opportunity is appropriate for some, or all, of the Adviser’s other client accounts. It is the policy and practice of the Adviser not to favor or disfavor consistently or consciously any client or class of clients in the allocation of investment opportunities, so that to the extent practical, such opportunities will be allocated among clients, including the Funds, over a period of time on a fair and equitable basis.

If the Adviser determines that a particular investment is appropriate for more than one client account, the Adviser may aggregate securities transactions for those client accounts (“block trades”). To ensure that no client account is disadvantaged as a result of such aggregation, the Adviser has adopted policies and procedures to ensure that the Adviser does not aggregate securities transactions for client accounts unless it believes that aggregation is consistent with its duty to seek best execution for client accounts and is consistent with the applicable agreements of the client accounts for which the Adviser aggregates securities transactions. No client account is favored over any other client account in block trades, and each client account that participates in block trades participates at the average share price for all transactions in the security for which that aggregated order is placed on the day that such aggregated order is placed. Subject to minimum ticket charges, transaction costs are shared in proportion to Client Accounts’ participation. On certain foreign exchanges where the Adviser purchases securities, block trades are not allowed.

It is the Adviser’s general policy not to purchase a security in one Fund while simultaneously selling it in another Fund. However, there may be circumstances outside of the Adviser’s control that require the purchase of a security in one portfolio and a sale in the other. For example, when one Fund experiences substantial cash inflows while another Fund experiences substantial cash outflows, the Adviser may be required to buy securities to maintain a fully invested position in one Fund, while selling securities in another Fund to meet stockholder redemptions. In such circumstances, a particularFund may acquire assets from another Fund that are otherwise qualified investments for the acquiring Fund, so long as no Fund bears any markup or spread, and no commission, fee or other remuneration is paid in connection with the acquisition, and the acquisition complies with Section 17(a) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17a-7 thereunder. If the purchase and sale are not effected pursuant to Rule 17a-7, then the purchase and/or sale of a security common to both portfolios may result in a higher price being paid by a particular Fund in the case of a purchase than would otherwise have been paid, or a lower price being received by such Fund in the case of a sale than would otherwise have been received, as a result of the Fund’s transactions

affecting the market for such security. In any event, the Funds’ management believes that under normal circumstances such events will have a minimal impact on the Funds’ per share NAV and their subsequent long-term investment return.

When the Adviser wishes to place an order for different types of accounts (including the Funds) for which aggregation and bunching is not practicable, the Adviser may use a trade sequencing and rotation policy to determine which type of account is to be traded first. Under this policy, the Adviser may determine the length of its trade rotation period and the sequencing schedule for different categories of clients within this period provided that the trading periods and these sequencing schedules are designed to be fair and equitable over time. The Adviser identifies different categories of its clients (e.g., unconstrained client accounts, the Funds, private investment funds, managed accounts, etc.) and assigns a trade placement sequence to them based on a random generator process. As a result, the Funds may trade behind other accounts. Within a given trading period, the sequencing schedule establishes when a given client category will trade first in the order of rotation. The Adviser may deviate from the predetermined sequencing schedule under certain circumstances, and the Adviser’s trade sequencing and rotation policy may be amended, modified or supplemented at any time without prior notice to clients.

ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE

The Funds’ securities trading and brokerage policies and procedures are reviewed by and subject to the supervision of the Corporation’s Board of Directors. Decisions to buy and sell securities for the Funds are made by the Adviser subject to review by the Corporation’s Board of Directors. In placing purchase and sale orders for portfolio securities for the Funds, it is the policy of the Adviser to seek the best execution of orders at the most favorable price in light of the overall quality of brokerage and research services provided, as described in this and the following paragraphs. Many of these transactions involve payment of a brokerage commission by the Funds. In some cases, transactions are with firms who act as principals for their own accounts. In selecting brokers to effect portfolio transactions, the determination of what is expected to result in best execution at the most favorable price involves a number of largely judgmental considerations. Among these are the Adviser’s evaluation of the broker’s efficiency in executing and clearing transactions, block trading capability (including the broker’s willingness to position securities) and the broker’s reputation, financial strength and stability. The most favorable price to the Funds means the best net price without regard to the mix between purchase or sale price and commission, if any. Over-the-counter securities may be purchased and sold directly with principal market makers who retain the difference in their cost in the security and its selling price. In many instances, the Adviser feels that better prices are available from non-principal market makers who are paid commissions directly.

Prior to October 1, 2014, the Adviser could allocate brokerage to Weeden & Co., L.P. (“Weeden”), an affiliated broker-dealer, but only if the Adviser reasonably believed the commission and transaction quality were comparable to that available from other qualified brokers. Steven C. Leuthold and certain other former employees who remain limited partners of the Adviser are limited partners in Weeden Investors, L.P. An affiliate of Weeden & Co., L.P., Weeden Investors, L.P., owns 22% of the securities of the Adviser. Effective as of October 1, 2014, the Adviser implemented a policy not to allocate

brokerage to Weeden, and has not allocated brokerage to Weeden since October 1, 2014. The Adviser may change this policy in the future, but has no current intent to change it.

For periods ending on or prior to September 30, 2014, Weeden could receive revenue in the form of “liquidity rebates” which are payments from electronic communication networks (“ECNs”) where Fund trades were directed by Weeden for execution as an incentive for providing liquidity to the ECN. Under the 1940 Act, Weeden is prohibited from dealing with the Fund as a principal in the purchase and sale of securities. Weeden, when acting as a broker for the Fund in any of its portfolio transactions executed on a securities exchange of which Weeden is a member, acted in accordance with the requirements of Section 11(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules of such exchanges.

The Adviser provides market research to institutional clients for an agreed upon payment. Institutional research is also distributed through broker-dealers who may effect securities transactions for the Adviser’s clients (including Weeden). The broker-dealers typically provide the Adviser’s institutional research to their brokerage customers. The broker-dealers pay the Adviser a fee for the research that is based on the amount of the research purchased by the broker-dealer. A broker-dealer’s willingness to distribute institutional research is not a factor considered by the Adviser in determining which broker-dealers it selects to effect securities transactions for its clients, including the Funds.

In allocating brokerage business for the Funds, the Adviser also takes into consideration the research, analytical, statistical and other information and services provided by the broker, such as general economic reports and information, reports or analyses of particular companies or industry groups, market timing and technical information, and the availability of the brokerage firm’s analysts for consultation. While the Adviser believes these services have substantial value, they are considered supplemental to the Adviser’s own efforts in the performance of its duties under the Advisory Agreements. Other clients of the Adviser may indirectly benefit from the availability of these services to the Adviser, and the Funds may indirectly benefit from services available to the Adviser as a result of transactions for other clients. The Advisory Agreements provide that the Adviser may cause the Funds to pay a broker which provides brokerage and research services to the Adviser a commission for effecting a securities transaction in excess of the amount another broker would have charged for effecting the transaction, if the Adviser determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage and research services provided by the executing broker viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the Adviser’s overall responsibilities with respect to the Funds and the other accounts as to which he exercises investment discretion.

The Funds utilize the services of Westminster Research Associates (“Westminster Research”) to administer its soft dollar program. Westminster Research specializes in independent research products and services, consolidating all administration and reporting of commission management needs with one firm. By using this type of umbrella provider the Funds do not have to decide who the soft dollar provider for said product/service will be, providing the Funds with greater flexibility in managing their soft dollar policy while fulfilling the fiduciary responsibility of best execution.

The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has had no operations.

CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

IN VIEW OF THE COMPLEXITIES OF U.S. FEDERAL AND OTHER INCOME TAX LAWS APPLICABLE TO REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES, A PROSPECTIVE STOCKHOLDER IS URGED TO CONSULT WITH AND RELY SOLELY UPON ITS TAX ADVISORS TO UNDERSTAND FULLY THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THAT INVESTOR OF SUCH AN INVESTMENT BASED ON THAT INVESTOR’S PARTICULAR FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES. THIS SUMMARY IS NOT INTENDED TO BE, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS, LEGAL OR TAX ADVICE TO ANY PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR.

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes.” The Prospectus generally describes the U.S. federal income tax treatment of distributions by the Fund. This section of the SAI provides additional information concerning U.S. federal income taxes. It is based on the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, judicial authority, and administrative rulings and practice, all as of the date of this SAI and all of which are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. Except as specifically set forth below, the following discussion does not address any state, local or foreign tax matters.

A stockholder’s tax treatment may vary depending upon the stockholder’s particular situation. This discussion applies only to stockholders holding Shares as capital assets within the meaning of the Code. A stockholder may also be subject to special rules not discussed below if they are a certain kind of stockholder, including, but not limited to: an insurance company; a tax-exempt organization; a financial institution or broker-dealer; a person who is neither a citizen nor resident of the United States or entity that is not organized under the laws of the United States or political subdivision thereof; a stockholder who holds Shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction; a stockholder who does not hold Shares as a capital asset; or an entity taxable as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and investors in such an entity.

Tax reform legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and, without further legislation, will not apply after 2025. The application of certain provisions of the Tax Act is uncertain, and the changes in the act may have indirect effects on the Fund, its investments and its shareholders that cannot be predicted. In addition, legislative, regulatory or administrative changes could be enacted or promulgated at any time, either prospectively or with retroactive effect. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the implications of the Tax Act on their investment in the Fund.

The Corporation has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the following discussion and the discussions in the Prospectus applicable to each stockholder address only some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Funds. Prospective stockholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers and

financial planners regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, the application of state, local or foreign laws, and the effect of any possible changes in applicable tax laws on their investment in the Fund.

Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company

It is intended that the Fund qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1 of the Code. In order to qualify as a RIC under the Code, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year generally from (i) dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, and other income attributable to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) and (ii) net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, as defined in the Code. Future U.S. Treasury regulations may (possibly retroactively) exclude from qualifying income foreign currency gains that are not directly related to the Fund’s principal business of investing in stock, securities or options and futures with respect to stock or securities. In general, for purposes of this 90% gross income requirement, income derived from a partnership, except a qualified publicly traded partnership, will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized by the RIC.

In general, gold and other precious metals do not constitute qualifying assets, and gain derived from the sale of gold or other precious metals does not constitute qualifying income. To reduce the risk that the Fund’s investments in gold, silver, platinum and palladium bullion, whether held directly or indirectly, may result in the Fund’s failure to satisfy the requirements of Subchapter M, the Adviser will endeavor to manage the Fund’s portfolio so that (i) less than 10% of the Fund’s gross income each year will be derived from its investments in gold, silver, platinum and palladium bullion, and (ii) less than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets, at the end of each quarter, will be invested in gold, silver, platinum and palladium bullion or other non-qualifying assets.

The Fund must also diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year: (i) at least 50% of the fair market value of its gross assets consists of (A) cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities and securities of other RICs, and (B) securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (A)) to the extent such securities do not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and do not exceed 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consists of the securities of any one issuer (other than those described in clause (i)(A)), the securities of two or more issuers the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, for purposes of meeting the diversification requirement of clause (i)(B), the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” includes the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. The qualifying income and diversification requirements applicable to the Fund may limit the extent to which it can engage in transactions in options, futures contracts, forward contracts and swap agreements.

If the Fund fails to satisfy any of the qualifying income or diversification requirements in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable

cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirement. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. If the applicable relief provisions are not available or cannot be met, the Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, described below.

In addition, with respect to each taxable year, the Fund generally must distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income, which generally includes its ordinary income and the excess of any net short-term capital gain over net long- term capital loss, and at least 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income earned for the taxable year. If the Fund meets all of the RIC qualification requirements, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any of the investment company taxable income and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) it distributes to its shareholders. For this purpose, the Fund generally must make the distributions in the same year that it realizes the income and gain, although in certain circumstances, the Fund may make the distributions in the following taxable year. Shareholders generally are taxed on any distributions from the Fund in the year they are actually distributed. However, if the Fund declares a distribution to shareholders of record in October, November or December of one year and pays the distribution by January 31 of the following year, the Fund and its shareholders will be treated as if the Fund paid the distribution on December 31 of the first year. The Fund intends to distribute its net income and gain in a timely manner to maintain its status as a RIC and eliminate fund-level U.S. federal income taxation of such income and gain. However, no assurance can be given that the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation.

Moreover, the Fund may retain for investment all or a portion of their net capital gain. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may report the retained amount as undistributed capital gain in a written statement furnished to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of Shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gain included in the shareholder’s gross income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. The Fund is not required to, and there can be no assurance that it will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.

If, for any taxable year, the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC, and is not eligible for relief as described above, it will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation without any deduction for its distributions to shareholders, and all distributions from the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (including any distributions of its net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gain) to its shareholders will be taxable as dividend income. To re-qualify to be taxed as a RIC in a subsequent year, the Fund may be required to distribute to its shareholders its earnings and profits attributable to non-RIC years reduced by an interest charge on 50% of such earnings and profits payable by the Fund to the IRS. In addition, if the Fund initially qualifies as a RIC but subsequently fails to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund generally would be required to recognize and pay tax on any net unrealized gain (the excess of

aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to be subject to tax on such unrealized gain recognized for a period of ten years, in order to re-qualify as a RIC in a subsequent year.

Equalization Accounting

The Fund may use the so-called “equalization method” of accounting to allocate a portion of its “earnings and profits,” which generally equals the Fund’s undistributed investment company taxable income and net capital gain, with certain adjustments, to redemption proceeds. This method permits the Fund to achieve more balanced distributions for both continuing and redeeming shareholders. Although using this method generally will not affect the Fund’s total returns, it may reduce the amount that the Fund would otherwise distribute to continuing shareholders by reducing the effect of redemptions of Shares on Fund distributions to shareholders. However, the IRS may not have expressly sanctioned the particular equalization methods that may be used by the Fund, and thus the Fund’s use of these methods may be subject to IRS scrutiny.

Excise Tax

If the Fund fails to distribute by December 31 of each calendar year at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for that year (excluding capital gains and losses), 98.2% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for certain net ordinary losses) for the 12-month period ending on October 31 of that year, and any of its ordinary income and capital gain net income from previous years that was not distributed during such years, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax on the undistributed amounts (other than to the extent of its tax-exempt interest income, if any). For these purposes, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to corporate level U.S. federal income tax for the taxable year ending within the calendar year. The Fund generally intends to actually, or be deemed to, distribute substantially all of its ordinary income and capital gain net income, if any, by the end of each calendar year and thus expects not to be subject to the excise tax. However, no assurance can be given that the Fund will not be subject to the excise tax. Moreover, the Fund reserves the right to pay an excise tax rather than make an additional distribution when circumstances warrant (for example, the amount of excise tax to be paid by the Fund is determined to be de minimis).

Taxation of Investments

In general, realized gains or losses on the sale of securities held by the Fund will be treated as capital gains or losses, and long-term capital gains or losses if the Fund has held the disposed securities for more than one year at the time of disposition.

Certain of the Fund’s investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules) that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, including the dividends received deduction, (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gains or qualified dividend income into higher taxed short-term capital gains or ordinary income, (iii) convert ordinary loss or a deduction into capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (iv) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to

occur, (vi) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions and (vii) produce income that will not be “qualified” income for purposes of the 90% annual gross income requirement described above. These U.S. federal income tax provisions could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to common shareholders. The Fund intends to monitor its transactions and may make certain tax elections and may be required to dispose of securities to mitigate the effect of these provisions and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC. Additionally, the Fund may be required to limit its activities in derivative instruments in order to enable it to maintain its RIC status.

The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade securities, commonly known as “junk” securities. Investments in these types of securities may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether modifications or exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues could affect the Fund’s ability to distribute sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC or to avoid the imposition of U.S. federal income or excise tax.

If the Fund purchases a debt obligation with original issue discount (“OID”) (generally, a debt obligation with a purchase price at original issuance less than its principal amount, such as a zero-coupon bond), which generally includes “payment-in-kind” or “PIK” bonds, the Fund generally is required to annually include in its taxable income a portion of the OID as ordinary income, even though the Fund may not receive cash payments attributable to the OID until a later date, potentially until maturity or disposition of the obligation. A portion of the OID includible in income with respect to certain high-yield corporate discount obligations may be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Similarly, if the Fund purchases a debt obligation with market discount (generally a debt obligation with a purchase price after original issuance less than its principal amount (reduced by any OID)), the Fund generally is required to annually include in its taxable income a portion of the market discount as ordinary income, even though the Fund may not receive cash payments attributable to the market discount until a later date, potentially until maturity or disposition of the obligation. The Fund generally will be required to make distributions to shareholders representing the OID or market discount income on debt obligations that is currently includible in income, even though the cash representing such income may not have been received by the Fund. Cash to pay such distributions may be obtained from sales proceeds of securities held by the Fund which the Fund otherwise might have continued to hold; obtaining such cash might be disadvantageous for the Fund.

If the Fund invests in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default, special tax issues may exist for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID, or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities, and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund when, as, and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to

ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

If an option granted by the Fund is sold, lapses or is otherwise terminated through a closing transaction, such as a repurchase by the Fund of the option from its holder, the Fund will realize a short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the premium income is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund in the closing transaction. Some capital losses realized by the Fund in the sale, exchange, exercise, or other disposition of an option may be deferred if they result from a position that is part of a “straddle,” discussed below. If securities are sold by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a covered call option granted by it, the Fund generally will add the premium received to the sale price of the securities delivered in determining the amount of gain or loss on the sale. If securities are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option granted by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased.

Some regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency contracts, and non-equity, listed options used by the Fund will be deemed “Section 1256 contracts.” The Fund will be required to “mark-to-market” any such contracts held at the end of the taxable year by treating them as if they had been sold on the last day of that year at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss realized on all dispositions of Section 1256 contracts, including deemed dispositions under the “mark-to-market” rule, generally will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the remaining 40% will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary income or loss (as described below). These provisions may require the Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Transactions that qualify as designated hedges are exempt from the mark-to-market rule and the “60%/40%” rule and may require the Fund to defer the recognition of losses on certain futures contracts, foreign currency contracts and non-equity options.

Foreign currency gains and losses realized by the Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt obligations, certain options, futures contracts, forward contracts, and similar instruments relating to foreign currency, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains and losses to be treated as ordinary income or loss and may affect the amount and timing of recognition of the Fund’s income. Under future U.S. Treasury regulations, any such transactions that are not directly related to the Fund’s investments in stock or securities (or its options contracts or futures contracts with respect to stock or securities) may have to be limited in order to enable the Fund to satisfy the 90% income test described above. If the net foreign currency loss exceeds the Fund’s net investment company taxable income (computed without regard to such loss) for a taxable year, the resulting ordinary loss for such year will not be deductible by the Fund or its shareholders in future years.

Offsetting positions held by the Fund involving certain derivative instruments, such as financial forward, futures, and options contracts, may be considered, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to constitute “straddles.” “Straddles” are defined to include “offsetting positions” in actively traded personal property. The tax treatment of “straddles” is governed by Section 1092 of the Code which, in certain circumstances, overrides or modifies the provisions of Section 1256 of the Code, described above. If the Fund is treated as entering into a “straddle” and at least one (but not all) of the Fund’s positions in derivative contracts comprising a part of such straddle is governed

by Section 1256 of the Code, then such straddle could be characterized as a “mixed straddle.” The Fund may make one or more elections with respect to “mixed straddles.” Depending upon which election is made, if any, the results with respect to the Fund may differ. Generally, to the extent the straddle rules apply to positions established by the Fund, losses realized by the Fund may be deferred to the extent of unrealized gain in any offsetting positions. Moreover, as a result of the straddle rules, short-term capital loss on straddle positions may be recharacterized as long-term capital loss, and long-term capital gain may be characterized as short-term capital gain. In addition, the existence of a straddle may affect the holding period of the offsetting positions. As a result, the straddle rules could cause distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income (defined below) to fail to satisfy the applicable holding period requirements (described below) and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income. Furthermore, the Fund may be required to capitalize, rather than deduct currently, any interest expense and carrying charges applicable to a position that is part of a straddle, including any interest expense on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry any positions that are part of a straddle. Because the application of the straddle rules may affect the character and timing of gains and losses from affected straddle positions, the amount which must be distributed to shareholders, and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to the situation where the Fund had not engaged in such transactions.

If the Fund enters into a “constructive sale” of any appreciated financial position in stock, a partnership interest, or certain debt instruments, the Fund will be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the property and must recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to that position. A constructive sale of an appreciated financial position occurs when the Fund enters into certain offsetting transactions with respect to the same or substantially identical property, including: (i) a short sale; (ii) an offsetting notional principal contract; (iii) a futures or forward contract; or (iv) other transactions identified in future U.S. Treasury regulations. The character of the gain from constructive sales will depend upon the Fund’s holding period in the appreciated financial position. Losses realized from a sale of a position that was previously the subject of a constructive sale will be recognized when the position is subsequently disposed of. The character of such losses will depend upon the Fund’s holding period in the position and the application of various loss deferral provisions in the Code. Constructive sale treatment does not apply to certain closed transactions, including if such a transaction is closed on or before the 30th day after the close of the Fund’s taxable year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged throughout the 60-day period beginning with the day such transaction was closed.

The amount of long-term capital gain the Fund may recognize from certain derivative transactions with respect to interests in certain pass-through entities is limited under the Code’s constructive ownership rules. The amount of long-term capital gain is limited to the amount of such gain the Fund would have had if the Fund directly invested in the pass-through entity during the term of the derivative contract. Any gain in excess of this amount is treated as ordinary income. An interest charge is imposed on the amount of gain that is treated as ordinary income.

In addition, the Fund’s transactions in securities and certain types of derivatives (e.g., options, futures contracts, forward contracts, and swap agreements) may be subject to other special tax rules, such as the wash sale rules or the short sale rules, the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments to the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, and/or convert short-term

capital losses into long- term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders.

Rules governing the U.S. federal income tax aspects of derivatives, including swap agreements, are in a developing stage and are not entirely clear in certain respects. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner it deems to be appropriate, the IRS might not accept such treatment. If it did not, the status of the Fund as a RIC might be jeopardized. Certain requirements that must be met under the Code in order for the Fund to qualify as a RIC may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in derivatives transactions.

The Fund may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). Investments in REIT equity securities may require the Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. The Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities may at other times result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income and will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction. Under recent legislation, certain income distributed by pass through entities is allowed up to a 20% deduction; however, it is unclear at this time whether a RIC (such as the Fund) can pass on such deduction on REIT distributions to shareholders.

The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or in other interests that may be treated as taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under IRS guidance, the Fund must allocate “excess inclusion income” received directly or indirectly from REMIC residual interests or TMPs to its shareholders in proportion to dividends paid to such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders had invested in the REMIC residual interests or TMPs directly.

In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) constitutes unrelated business taxable income to Keogh, 401(k) and qualified pension plans, as well as individual retirement accounts and certain other tax exempt entities, thereby potentially requiring such an entity, which otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign shareholder, does not qualify for any reduction, by treaty or otherwise, in the 30% U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a “disqualified organization” (as defined in the Code) is a record holder of a Share in the Fund, then the Fund will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal corporate income tax rate. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable disqualified organization, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. The Fund may or may not make such an election.

“Passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”) are generally defined as foreign corporations with respect to which at least 75% of their gross income for their taxable year is income

from passive sources (such as interest, dividends, certain rents and royalties, or capital gains) or at least 50% of their assets on average produce, or are held for the production of, such passive income. If the Fund acquires any equity interest in a PFIC, the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax and interest charges on “excess distributions” received from the PFIC or on gain from the sale of such equity interest in the PFIC, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. Excess distributions will be characterized as ordinary income even though, absent the application of PFIC rules, some excess distributions may have been classified as capital gain.

The Fund will not be permitted to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for taxes and interest charges incurred with respect to PFICs. Elections may be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections could require the Fund to recognize taxable income or gain without the concurrent receipt of cash. Investments in PFICs could also result in the treatment of associated capital gains as ordinary income. The Funds may attempt to limit and/or manage their holdings in PFICs to minimize their tax liability or maximize their returns from these investments but there can be no assurance that they will be able to do so. Moreover, because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC in advance of acquiring shares in the corporation, the Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances. Dividends paid by the Fund attributable to income and gains derived from PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

If the Fund owns 10% or more of either the voting power or value of the stock of a “controlled foreign corporation” (a “CFC”), such corporation will not be treated as a PFIC with respect to the Fund. In general, the Fund may be required to recognize dividends from a CFC before actually receiving any dividends. There may also be a tax imposed on a U.S. shareholder’s aggregate net CFC income that is treated as global intangible low-taxed income. As a result of the foregoing, the Fund may be required to recognize income sooner than it otherwise would.

In addition to the investments described above, prospective shareholders should be aware that other investments made by the Fund may involve complex tax rules that may result in income or gain recognition by the Fund without corresponding current cash receipts. Although the Fund seeks to avoid significant non-cash income, such non-cash income could be recognized by the Fund, in which case the Fund may distribute cash derived from other sources in order to meet the minimum distribution requirements described above. In this regard, the Fund could be required at times to liquidate investments prematurely in order to satisfy their minimum distribution requirements.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, under the Tax Act, accrual method taxpayers required to recognize gross income under the “all events test” no later than when such income is recognized as revenue in an applicable financial statement (e.g., an audited financial statement which is used for reporting to partners). This new rule may require the Fund to recognize income earlier than as described above.

Taxation of Distributions

Distributions paid out of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined at the end of the year), whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund, generally are deemed to be taxable distributions and must be reported by each shareholder who is required to file

a U.S. federal income tax return. Dividends and other distributions on the Fund’s Shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of Shares acquired at a time when the Fund’s net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized, or realized but not distributed. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s earnings and profits, described above, are determined at the end of the Fund’s taxable year and are allocated pro rata to distributions paid over the entire year. Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be treated as a return of capital up to the amount of a shareholder’s tax basis in the shareholder’s Shares and then as capital gain. The Fund may make distributions in excess of its earnings and profits, from time to time.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income, and distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions properly reported in writing by the Fund as capital gain dividends will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain (to the extent such distributions do not exceed the Fund’s net capital gain for the taxable year), regardless of how long a shareholder has held Shares, and do not qualify as dividends for purposes of the dividends-received deduction or as qualified dividend income. The Fund will report capital gain dividends, if any, in a written statement furnished to its shareholders after the close of the Fund’s taxable year.

The Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers). However, if the Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains in excess of its net short-term capital losses (including any capital loss carryovers), it will be subject to a corporate tax (at a flat rate of 21%) on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund will designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their Shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount in clause (a) over the amount in clause (b). Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.

If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an “extraordinary dividend,” and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An “extraordinary dividend” on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period, or (ii) in an amount greater

than 20% of the taxpayer’s tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.

Investors considering buying Shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of Shares purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If the Fund is the holder of record of any security on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such security, such dividends will be included in the Fund’s gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such security became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the security would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends); or (b) the date the Fund acquired such security. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, the Fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may result in foreign exchange gain or loss on transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations, and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts. Such gains or losses are generally characterized as ordinary income or loss for tax purposes. The Fund must make certain distributions in order to qualify as a RIC, and the timing of and character of transactions such as foreign currency-related gains and losses may result in the fund paying a distribution treated as a return of capital. Such distribution is nontaxable to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its Shares.

Some states will not tax distributions made to individual shareholders that are attributable to interest the Fund earned on direct obligations of the U.S. government if the Fund meets the state’s minimum investment or reporting requirements, if any. Investments in GNMA or FNMA securities, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities generally do not qualify for state-tax-free treatment. This exemption may not apply to corporate shareholders.

Sales and Exchanges of Fund Shares

If a shareholder sells or exchanges the shareholder’s Shares, subject to the discussion below, the shareholder generally will recognize a taxable capital gain or loss on the difference between the amount received for the shares (or deemed received in the case of an exchange) and the shareholder’s tax basis in the Shares. A redemption of shares by a Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. This gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder has held such Fund shares for more than one year at the time of the sale or exchange, and short-term otherwise.

If a shareholder sells or exchanges Shares within 90 days of having acquired such Shares and if, before January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the sale or exchange, as a result of having initially acquired those Shares, the shareholder subsequently pays a reduced sales charge on a new purchase of Shares or a different RIC, the sales charge previously incurred in acquiring the Shares generally shall not be taken into account (to the extent the previous sales charges do not exceed the reduction in sales charges on the new purchase) for the purpose of determining the amount of gain or loss on the disposition, but generally will be treated as having been incurred in the new purchase. Also, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on a disposition of Shares, the loss will be

disallowed under the “wash sale” rules to the extent the shareholder purchases substantially identical shares within the 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. Any disallowed loss generally will be reflected in an adjustment to the tax basis of the purchased shares.

If a shareholder receives a capital gain dividend with respect to any Share and such Share is held for six months or less, then (unless otherwise disallowed) any loss on the sale or exchange of that Share will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the capital gain dividend. If such loss is incurred from the redemption of Shares pursuant to a periodic redemption plan then U.S. Treasury regulations may permit an exception to this six-month rule. No such regulations have been issued as of the date of this SAI.

Sections 351 and 362

The Corporation, on behalf of the Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of Shares if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the Shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. If the Fund’s basis in such securities on the date of deposit was less than market value on such date, the Fund, upon disposition of the securities, would recognize more taxable gain or less taxable loss than if its basis in the securities had been equal to market value. It is not anticipated that the Corporation will exercise the right of rejection except in a case where the Corporation determines that accepting the order could result in material adverse tax consequences to the Fund or its shareholders. The Corporation also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Rates

Noncorporate Fund shareholders (i.e., individuals, trusts and estates) are taxed at a maximum rate of 37% on ordinary income and 20% on net capital gain.

In general, “qualified dividend income” realized by noncorporate Fund shareholders is taxable at the same rate as net capital gain. Generally, qualified dividend income is dividend income attributable to certain U.S. and foreign corporations, as long as certain holding period requirements are met. In general, if less than 95% of the Fund’s income is attributable to qualified dividend income, then only the portion of the Fund’s distributions that are attributable to qualified dividend income and reported in writing as such in a timely manner will be so treated in the hands of individual shareholders. Payments received by the Fund from securities lending, repurchase, and other derivative transactions ordinarily will not qualify. The rules attributable to the qualification of Fund distributions as qualified dividend income are complex, including the holding period requirements. Individual Fund shareholders therefore are urged to consult their own tax advisers and financial planners.

The maximum stated corporate U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income and net capital gain is 21%. Actual marginal tax rates may be higher for some shareholders, for example, through reductions in deductions. Distributions from the Fund may qualify for the “dividends-received deduction” applicable to corporate shareholders with respect to certain

dividends. Naturally, the amount of tax payable by any taxpayer will be affected by a combination of tax laws covering, for example, deductions, credits, deferrals, exemptions, sources of income and other matters.

In addition, a noncorporate Fund shareholder generally will be subject to an additional 3.8% tax on its “net investment income,” which ordinarily includes taxable distributions received from the corresponding Fund and taxable gain on the disposition of Shares if the shareholder meets a taxable income test.

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or “FATCA,” U.S. federal income tax withholding at a 30% rate will be imposed on dividends and proceeds of redemptions in respect of Shares by Fund shareholders who own their Shares through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied. The Fund will not pay any additional amounts in respect to any amounts withheld.

Backup Withholding

The Fund is generally required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury, subject to certain exemptions (such as for certain corporate or foreign shareholders), an amount equal to 28% of all distributions and redemption proceeds (including proceeds from exchanges and redemptions in-kind) paid or credited to the Fund shareholder if (i) the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with a correct “taxpayer identification number” (“TIN”), (ii) the shareholder fails to certify under penalties of perjury that the TIN provided is correct, (iii) the shareholder fails to make certain other certifications, or (iv) the IRS notifies the Fund that the shareholder’s TIN is incorrect or that the shareholder is otherwise subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax imposed on the shareholder. The shareholder may apply amounts withheld as a credit against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. If a shareholder fails to furnish a valid TIN upon request, the shareholder can also be subject to IRS penalties. A shareholder may generally avoid backup withholding by furnishing a properly completed IRS Form W-9. State backup withholding may also be required to be withheld by the Fund under certain circumstances.

Tax-Deferred Plans

Shares of the Fund may be available for a variety of tax-deferred retirement and other tax-advantaged plans and accounts. Prospective investors should contact their tax advisers and financial planners regarding the tax consequences to them of holding Shares through such plans and/or accounts.

A 1.4% excise tax is imposed on the net investment income of certain private colleges and universities. This tax would only apply to private institutions with endowment valued at $500,000 per full-time student or more, subject to other limitations. Tax-exempt shareholders should contact

their tax advisers and financial planners regarding the tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.

Any investment in residual interests of a collateralized mortgage obligation that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex U.S. federal income tax consequences, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.

Special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (“CRTs”) (as defined in Section 664 of the Code) that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. CRTs are urged to consult their own tax advisers and financial planners concerning these special tax consequences.

Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations

Generally, under U.S. Treasury regulations, if an individual shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more, or if a corporate shareholder recognizes a loss of $10 million or more, with respect to Shares, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of securities are in many cases exempt from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not exempt. Future guidance may extend the current exemption from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Cost Basis Reporting

In general, the Fund must report “cost basis” information to its shareholders and the IRS for redemptions of “covered shares.” Shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012 are generally treated as covered shares. By contrast, Shares purchased before January 1, 2012 or shares without complete cost basis information are generally treated as noncovered shares. Fund shareholders should consult their tax advisors to obtain more information about how these cost basis rules apply to them and determine which cost basis method allowed by the IRS is best for them.

Recently Enacted Tax Legislation

The full effects of the Tax Act are not certain and may cause the Fund and its shareholders to be taxed in a manner different than as described above. Prospective shareholders also should recognize that the present U.S. federal income tax treatment of the Fund and their shareholders may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative actions at any time, which may be retroactive in effect. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by Congress, the IRS and the Treasury Department, and statutory changes as well as promulgation of new regulations, revisions to existing statutes, and revised interpretations of established concepts occur frequently. You should consult your advisors concerning the status of legislative proposals that may pertain to holding Shares.

The foregoing summary should not be considered to describe fully the income and other tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. Fund investors are strongly urged to consult with their

tax advisors, with specific reference to their own situations, with respect to the potential tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS

The Maryland General Corporation Law permits registered investment companies, such as the Corporation, to operate without an annual meeting of stockholders under specified circumstances if an annual meeting is not required by the 1940 Act. The Corporation has adopted the appropriate provisions in its Bylaws and may, at its discretion, not hold an annual meeting in any year in which the election of directors is not required to be acted on by stockholders under the 1940 Act.

The Corporation’s Bylaws also contain procedures for the removal of directors by its stockholders. At any meeting of stockholders, duly called and at which a quorum is present, the stockholders may, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast thereon, remove any director or directors from office and may elect a successor or successors to fill any resulting vacancies for the unexpired terms of removed directors.

Upon the written request of the holders of shares entitled to not less than ten percent (10%) of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting, the Secretary of the Corporation shall promptly call a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of any director. Whenever ten or more stockholders of record who have been such for at least six months preceding the date of application, and who hold in the aggregate either shares having a net asset value of at least $25,000 or at least one percent (1%) of the total outstanding shares, whichever is less, shall apply to the Corporation’s Secretary in writing, stating that they wish to communicate with other stockholders with a view to obtaining signatures to a request for a meeting as described above and accompanied by a form of communication and request which they wish to transmit, the Secretary shall within five Business Days after such application either: (1) afford to such applicants access to a list of the names and addresses of all stockholders as recorded on the books of the Corporation; or (2) inform such applicants as to the approximate number of stockholders of record and the approximate cost of mailing to them the proposed communication and form of request.

If the Secretary elects to follow the course specified in clause (2) of the last sentence of the preceding paragraph, the Secretary, upon the written request of such applicants, accompanied by a tender of the material to be mailed and of the reasonable expenses of mailing, shall, with reasonable promptness, mail such material to all stockholders of record at their addresses as recorded on the books unless within five Business Days after such tender the Secretary shall mail to such applicants and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, together with a copy of the material to be mailed, a written statement signed by at least a majority of the Board of Directors to the effect that in their opinion either such material contains untrue statements of fact or omits to state facts necessary to make the statements contained therein not misleading, or would be in violation of applicable law, and specifying the basis of such opinion.

After opportunity for hearing upon the objections specified in the written statement so filed, the Securities and Exchange Commission may, and if demanded by the Board of Directors or by such applicants shall, enter an order either sustaining one or more of such objections or refusing

to sustain any of them. If the Securities and Exchange Commission shall enter an order refusing to sustain any of such objections, or if, after the entry of an order sustaining one or more of such objections, the Securities and Exchange Commission shall find, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that all objections so sustained have been met, and shall enter an order so declaring, the Secretary shall mail copies of such material to all stockholders with reasonable promptness after the entry of such order and the renewal of such tender.

CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended and supplemented, permit the Directors to issue 4,000,000,000 shares of common stock, with a $.0001 par value. The Board of Directors has the power to designate one or more classes (“series”) of shares of common stock and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares with respect to such series. Currently the Corporation is offering five series, the Leuthold Core ETF, the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund, the Leuthold Select Industries Fund, and the Grizzly Short Fund. The Leuthold Core Investment Fund, and the Leuthold Global Fund offer two classes of shares, Retail Shares and Institutional Shares.

The shares of the Funds are fully paid and non-assessable; have no preference as to conversion, exchange, dividends, retirement or other features; and have no preemptive rights. Such shares have non-cumulative voting rights, meaning that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Directors can elect 100% of the Directors if they so choose. Generally, shares are voted in the aggregate and not by each Fund, except where class voting rights by Fund is required by Maryland law or the 1940 Act.

The shares of the Funds have the same preferences, limitations and rights, except that all consideration received from the sale of shares of a particular Fund, together with all income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, belong to that Fund and are charged with the liabilities in respect of that Fund and of that Fund’s share of the general liabilities of the Corporation in the proportion that the total net assets of the Fund bears to the total net assets of all of the Funds. However, the Board of Directors of the Corporation may, in its discretion direct that any one or more general liabilities of the Corporation be allocated among the Funds on a different basis. The net asset value per share of a particular Fund is based on the assets belonging to that Fund less the liabilities charged to that Fund, and dividends are paid on shares of a Fund only out of lawfully available assets belonging to that particular Fund. In the event of liquidation or dissolution of the Corporation, the stockholders of the Funds will be entitled, out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution, to the assets belonging to such Fund.

The Retail Shares and Institutional Shares represent an interest in the same assets of the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund and the Leuthold Global Industries Fund, as the case may be, have the same rights and are identical in all material respects except that (1) Retail Shares of the Leuthold Global Fund and the Leuthold Global Industries Fund bear distribution (12b-1) fees and Institutional Shares are not subject to such fees; (2) Retail Shares of the Leuthold Core Investment Fund bear annual service fees and Institutional Shares are not subject to such fees; (3) Institutional Shares are available only to stockholders who invest directly in the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund and the Leuthold Global Industries Fund, as the case may be, or who invest through a broker-dealer, financial institution or

servicing agent that does not receive a service fee from the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund and the Leuthold Global Industries Fund, as the case may be, or the Adviser; and (4) that the Board of Directors may elect to have certain expenses specific to the Retail Shares or Institutional Shares be borne solely by the Class to which such expenses are attributable, but any expenses not specifically allocated to the Retail Shares or Institutional Shares shall be allocated to each such Class on the basis of the net asset value of that Class in relation to the net asset value of the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund and the Leuthold Global Industries Fund, as the case may be. With respect to Institutional Shares of the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund and the Leuthold Global Industries Fund held by financial intermediaries in omnibus accounts, these Funds may pay a fee in respect of the provision of sub-transfer and related services to beneficial owners in omnibus accounts maintained by such financial intermediaries with these Funds (Omnibus Account Fees); provided that the aggregate Omnibus Account Fees may not exceed 0.15% of the applicable Fund’s average daily net assets allocable to Institutional Shares.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

The Leuthold Core ETF, the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund and the Leuthold Global Industries Fund (or a registered investment company in which the Leuthold Core ETF, the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund or the Leuthold Global Industries Fund invests) may invest in bonds and debentures assigned ratings of either S&P or Moody’s. As also set forth below, the Leuthold Core ETF, the Leuthold Core Investment Fund, the Leuthold Global Fund and the Leuthold Global Industries Fund may invest in commercial paper and commercial paper master notes rated by S&P or Moody’s. A brief description of the ratings symbols and their meanings follows.

S&P Debt Ratings. A S&P corporate or municipal debt rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation. It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation.

The debt rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.

The ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable. S&P does not perform any audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or for other circumstances.

The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:

Likelihood of default ‑ capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

II.

Nature of and provisions of the obligation;

III.

Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

The issue ratings definitions are expressed in terms of default risk. As such they pertain to senior obligations of such entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy.

AAA ‑ Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.

AA ‑ Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the higher rated issues only in small degree.

A - Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in the higher rated categories.

BBB - Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debts in this category than in higher rated categories.

BB, B, CCC, CC, C ‑ Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C is regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.

Moody’s Bond Ratings.

Moody’s ratings are opinions, not recommendations to buy or sell, and their accuracy is not guaranteed.

Aaa ‑ Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edged.” Interest payments are protected by a large, or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

Aa ‑ Bonds which are Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high‑grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude, or there may be other elements present which make the long‑term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.

A - Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

Baa - Bonds which are rated Baa are considered to be medium-grade obligations (namely, they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

Ba ‑ Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

B ‑ Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

Caa ‑ Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

Ca ‑ Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

C ‑ Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa to B. The modifier 1 indicates that the company ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid‑range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the company ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.

S&P Commercial Paper Ratings. A S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt considered short-term in the relevant market. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from A-1 for the highest quality obligations to D for the lowest. The categories rated A-3 or higher are as follows:

A-1. This highest category indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issuers determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.

A-2. Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issuers designed “A-1.”

A-3. Issues carrying this designation have adequate capacity for timely payment. They are, however, more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designation.

Moody’s Short-Term Debt Ratings. Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay punctually senior debt obligations which have an original maturity not exceeding one year. Obligations relying upon support mechanisms such as letters-of-credit and bonds of indemnity are excluded unless explicitly rated.

Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

Prime-1. Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following characteristics:

•	Leading market positions in well-established industries.

•	High rates of return on funds employed.

•	Conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection.

•	Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation.

•	Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

Prime-2. Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

Prime-3. Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market compositions may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Ernst & Young LLP, 220 South Sixth Street, Suite 1400, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds. The firm provides services including (1) audit of annual financial statements, (2) tax return preparation and review, and (3) other related services for the Fund. The Fund is newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has had no operations.

PART C

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 28

Exhibits

(a)(i)	Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation (1)

(a)(ii)	Articles Supplementary (2)

(a)(iii)	Articles Supplementary (2)

(a)(iv)	Articles Supplementary (5)

(a)(v)	Articles Supplementary (6)

(a)(vi)	Articles Supplementary (7)

(a)(vii)	Articles Supplementary (8)

(a)(viii)	Articles Supplementary (9)

(a)(ix)	Articles Supplementary (10)

(a)(x)	Articles Supplementary (11)

(a)(xi)	Articles Supplementary (12)

(a)(xii)	Articles Supplementary – filed herewith

(b)	Registrant’s Bylaws (1)

(c)	None

(d)(i)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Core Investment Fund) (16)

(d)(ii)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Global Fund) (13)

(d)(iii)	First Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Global Fund) (16)

(d)(iv)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Select Industries Fund) (14)

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(d)(v)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Grizzly Short Fund) (2)

(d)(vi)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Core ETF) – filed herewith

(e)	ETF Distribution Agreement with Compass Distributors, LLC – filed herewith

(f)	None

(g)	Custody Agreement with U.S. Bank National Association (4)

(h)(i)	Fund Administration Servicing Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (4)

(h)(ii)	Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (4)

(h)(iii)	Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (4)

(h)(iv)	Service Plan for Leuthold Select Industries Fund and Grizzly Short Fund (2)

(h)(v)	Service Plan for Leuthold Core Investment Fund (3)

(h)(vi)	Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement (Leuthold Core ETF) – filed herewith

(i)	Opinion of Foley & Lardner LLP – filed herewith

(j)	Consent of Ernst & Young LLP – not applicable

(k)	None

(l)	Subscription Agreement (1)

(m)(i)	Service and Distribution Plan for Leuthold Global Fund (9)

(m)(ii)	Service and Distribution Plan for Leuthold Core ETF – filed herewith

(n)	Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Multi-Class Plan (12)

(p)(i)	Code of Ethics of Leuthold Funds, Inc. and Leuthold Weeden Capital Management, LLC (15)

(p)(ii)	Code of Ethics of Rafferty Capital Markets, LLC (14)

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(p)(iii)	Code of Ethics of Compass Distributors, LLC – not applicable per Rule 17j-1(c)(3)

__________________

(1)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 was filed on January 26, 1998 and its accession number is 0000897069-98-000011.

(2)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 was filed on March 31, 2000 and its accession number is 0000897069-00-000206.

(3)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 was filed on January 31, 2002 and its accession number is 0000897069-02-000061.

(4)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 was filed on February 19, 2004 and its accession number is 0000897069-04-000430.

(5)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 was filed on January 30, 2006 and its accession number is 0000897069-06-000222.

(6)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 was filed on May 19, 2006 and its accession number is 0000897069-06-001366.

(7)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 was filed on November 13, 2006 and its accession number is 0000897069-06-002390.

(8)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 was filed on January 30, 2007 and its accession number is 0000897069-07-000221.

(9)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 was filed on November 16, 2007 and its accession number is 0000897069-07-002059.

(10)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 was filed on January 31, 2008 and its accession number is 0000897069-08-000193.

(11)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 was filed on November 30, 2009 and its accession number is 0000897101-09-002462.

(12)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 was filed on May 13, 2010 and its accession number is 0000897101-10-001026.

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(13)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 was filed on January 31, 2012 and its accession number is 0000897101-12-000129.

(14)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 was filed on January 29, 2015 and its accession number is 0000897101-15-000103.

(15)	Previously filed as an exhibit to the Annual Report for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015 and incorporated by reference thereto. Annual Report for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015 was filed on December 4, 2015 and its accession number is 0000894189-15-006196.

(16)	Previously filed as an exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registration Statement and incorporated by reference thereto. Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 was filed on January 26, 2018 and its accession number is 0000897101-18-000070.

Item 29

Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant

Registrant is not controlled by any person. Registrant neither controls any person nor is under common control with any other person.

Item 30

Indemnification

Pursuant to the authority of the Maryland General Corporation Law, particularly Section 2-418 thereof, Registrant’s Board of Directors has adopted the following bylaw which is in full force and effect and has not been modified or cancelled:

Article VII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 7. Indemnification.

A. The Corporation shall indemnify all of its corporate representatives against expenses, including attorneys fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by them in connection with the defense of any action, suit or proceeding, or threat or claim of such action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or legislative, no matter by whom brought, or in any appeal in which they or any of them are made parties or a party by reason of being or having been a corporate representative, if the corporate representative acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and with respect to any criminal proceeding, if he had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful provided that the corporation shall not indemnify corporate representatives in relation to matters as to which any such corporate representative shall be adjudged in such action, suit or proceeding to be liable for gross negligence, willful misfeasance, bad faith, reckless disregard of the duties and obligations involved in the conduct of his office, or when indemnification is otherwise not permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law.

B. In the absence of an adjudication which expressly absolves the corporate representative, or in the event of a settlement, each corporate representative shall be indemnified

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hereunder only if there has been a reasonable determination based on a review of the facts that indemnification of the corporate representative is proper because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in paragraph A. Such determination shall be made: (i) by the board of directors, by a majority vote of a quorum which consists of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding, or if such a quorum cannot be obtained, then by a majority vote of a committee of the board consisting solely of two or more directors, not, at the time, parties to the action, suit or proceeding and who were duly designated to act in the matter by the full board in which the designated directors who are parties to the action, suit or proceeding may participate; or (ii) by special legal counsel selected by the board of directors or a committee of the board by vote as set forth in (i) of this paragraph, or, if the requisite quorum of the full board cannot be obtained therefor and the committee cannot be established, by a majority vote of the full board in which directors who are parties to the action, suit or proceeding may participate.

C. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall create a rebuttable presumption that the person was guilty of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard to the duties and obligations involved in the conduct of his or her office, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.

D. Expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred in the preparation of and/or presentation of the defense of a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding as authorized in the manner provided in Section 2-418(F) of the Maryland General Corporation Law upon receipt of: (i) an undertaking by or on behalf of the corporate representative to repay such amount unless it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this bylaw; and (ii) a written affirmation by the corporate representative of the corporate representative’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation has been met.

E. The indemnification provided by this bylaw shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under these bylaws, any agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person subject to the limitations imposed from time to time by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

F. This corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any corporate representative against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in such capacity or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under this bylaw provided that no insurance may be purchased or maintained to protect any corporate representative against liability for gross negligence, willful misfeasance, bad faith or reckless disregard of the duties and obligations involved in the conduct of his or her office.

G. “Corporate Representative” means an individual who is or was a director, officer, agent or employee of the corporation or who serves or served another corporation,

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partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise in one of these capacities at the request of the corporation and who, by reason of his or her position, is, was, or is threatened to be made, a party to a proceeding described herein.

Insofar as indemnification for and with respect to liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person or Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

Item 31

Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser

Incorporated by reference to the Statement of Additional Information pursuant to Rule 411 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Item 32

Principal Underwriters

Rafferty Capital Markets, LLC, 1010 Franklin Avenue, Garden City, NY 11530, serves as principal underwriter for the Adirondack Funds, Chou America Mutual Funds, Direxion Funds, EntrepreneurShares Series Trust, FMI Funds Inc., PFS Funds, Reynolds Funds, Satuit Capital Management Trust, Sparrow Funds, State Trust and Walthausen Funds.

The director and officers of Rafferty Capital Markets, LLC are as set forth below. The principal business address of each of the persons listed below is 1010 Franklin Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530.

Name	Positions and Offices with Underwriter	Position and Offices with Registrant

Kathleen Rafferty	President	None

Stephen P. Sprague	Chief Financial Officer	None

Compass Distributors, LLC serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940: Gadsden Dynamic Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions; Gadsden Dynamic Multi-Asset ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions; Kellner Merger Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust; Olstein All Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series; Olstein Strategic Opportunities Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series; Salt Funds Trust; Salt High truBeta US Market ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions; The Merger Fund; and USA Mutuals; and Westchester Capital Funds.

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The director and officers of Compass Distributors, LLC are set forth below. The principal business address of each of Richard J. Berthy, Mark A. Fairbanks, and Jennifer E. Hoopes is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The principal business address of Jennifer K. DiValerio and Susan K. Moscaritolo is 899 Cassalt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn Pennsylvania 19312.

Name	Positions and Offices with Underwriter	Position and Offices with Registrant

Richard J. Berthy	President, Treasurer and Manager	None

Mark A. Fairbanks	Vice President	None

Jennifer K. DiValerio	Vice President	None

Susan K. Moscaritolo	Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer	None

Jennifer E. Hoopes	Secretary	None

Item 33

Location of Accounts and Records

The accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Registrant pursuant to Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules promulgated thereunder are in the physical possession of Registrant and Registrant’s Administrator as follows: the documents required to be maintained by paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (10) and (11) of Rule 31a-1(b) will be maintained by the Registrant at 150 South Fifth Street, Suite 1700, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55402; and all other records will be maintained by the Registrant’s Administrator, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC at 777 East Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53202. In addition, Iron Mountain Records Management and Efolder are off-site storage facilities housing historical records that are no longer required to be maintained on-site. The addresses for Iron Mountain Records Management is 9715 James Avenue S., Bloomington, MN, 55438; 950 Apollo Road, Eagan, MN 55121 and 2085 Ellis Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55144. The address for Efolder is 7202 South Campus View Drive, West Jordan, UT 84084.

Item 34

Management Services

All management-related service contracts entered into by Registrant are discussed in Parts A and B of this Registration Statement.

Item 35

Undertakings

Registrant undertakes to furnish each person to whom a prospectus is delivered a copy of Registrant’s latest annual report to shareholders, upon request and without charge.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Amended Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Minneapolis and State of Minnesota on the 6^th day of January, 2020.

LEUTHOLD FUNDS, INC.

(Registrant)

By: /s/ John C. Mueller

John C. Mueller, President

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amended Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date(s) indicated.

Name	Title	Date

/s/ John C. Mueller John C. Mueller	President (Principal Executive Officer) and a Director	January 6, 2020
/s/ Holly J. Weiss Holly J. Weiss	Secretary and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	January 6, 2020
/s/ Lawrence L. Horsch Lawrence L. Horsch	Director	January 6, 2020
/s/ Addison L. Piper Addison L. Piper	Director	January 6, 2020
/s/ Steven R. Schroll Steven R. Schroll	Director	January 6, 2020

Signature Page

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description

(a)(i)	Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation*

(a)(ii)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(iii)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(iv)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(v)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(vi)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(vii)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(viii)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(ix)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(x)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(xi)	Articles Supplementary*

(a)(xii)	Articles Supplementary – filed herewith

(b)	Registrant’s Bylaws*

(c)	None

(d)(i)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Core Investment Fund)*

(d)(ii)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Global Fund)*

(d)(iii)	First Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Global Fund)*

(d)(iv)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Select Industries Fund)*

(d)(v)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Grizzly Short Fund)*

(d)(vi)	Investment Advisory Agreement (Leuthold Core ETF) – filed herewith

(e)	ETF Distribution Agreement with Compass Distributors, LLC –filed herewith

(f)	None

(g)	Custody Agreement with U.S. Bank National Association*

(h)(i)	Fund Administration Servicing Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC*

(h)(ii)	Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC*

(h)(iii)	Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC*

(h)(iv)	Service Plan for Leuthold Select Industries Fund and Grizzly Short Fund*

(h)(v)	Service Plan for Leuthold Core Investment Fund*

(h)(vi)	Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement (Leuthold Core ETF) – filed herewith

(i)	Opinion of Foley & Lardner LLP – filed herewith

(j)	Consent of Ernst & Young LLP – not applicable

(k)	None

(l)	Subscription Agreement*

(m)(i)	Service and Distribution Plan for Leuthold Global Fund*

(m)(ii)	Service and Distribution Plan for Leuthold Core ETF – filed herewith

(n)	Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Multi-Class Plan*

(p)(i)	Code of Ethics of Leuthold Funds, Inc. and Leuthold Weeden Capital Management, LLC*

(p)(ii)	Code of Ethics of Rafferty Capital Markets, LLC*

Exhibit No.	Description
(p)(iii)	Code of Ethics of Compass Distributors, LLC – not applicable per Rule 17j-1(c)(3)

____________________________

*Filed previously.