UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(MARK ONE)
For the quarter ended
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
As of May 21, 2025, there were
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
March 31, | December 31, | ||||||
2025 | 2024 | ||||||
(Unaudited) | (Audited) | ||||||
Assets: |
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Current assets |
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Cash | $ | | $ | | |||
Prepaid expenses | | | |||||
Total current assets |
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Long-term prepaid insurance | | | |||||
Investments held in Trust Account | | | |||||
Total Assets | $ | | $ | | |||
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity: |
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Current liabilities |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | | $ | | |||
Accrued offering costs | — | | |||||
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Over-allotment liability |
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Total Current Liabilities |
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Commitments and Contingencies (Note 6) |
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Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, | | | |||||
Shareholders’ Equity |
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Preference shares, $ |
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Class A ordinary shares, $ |
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Class B ordinary shares, $ |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Retained Earnings |
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Total Shareholders’ Equity |
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Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | | $ | | |||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.
1
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
Operating expenses: |
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General and administrative expenses | | ||
Loss from operations |
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Other income: | |||
Change in over-allotment liability | | ||
Interest earned on investments held in Trust Account | | ||
Total other income | | ||
Net income | $ | | |
Weighted average Class A ordinary shares outstanding, basic | | ||
Basic and diluted net income per Class A ordinary share | $ | | |
Weighted average Class B ordinary shares outstanding, basic | | ||
Basic and diluted net income per Class B ordinary share | $ | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.
2
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
Class B | Additional | Total | ||||||||||||
Ordinary Shares | Paid-in | Retained | Shareholders’ | |||||||||||
| Shares |
| Amount |
| Capital |
| Earnings |
| Equity | |||||
Balance — December 31, 2024 | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
Sale of | — |
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Fair Value of Public Warrants at issuance | — | — | | — | | |||||||||
Allocated value of transaction costs to Class A shares | — | — | | — | | |||||||||
Accretion for Class A ordinary shares to redemption amount | — | — | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||
Net income | — |
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Balance – March 31, 2025 | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.
3
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |
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Net income | $ | | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Change in fair value of overallotment liability | ( | ||
Interest earned on investments held in Trust Account |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Prepaid expenses |
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Accrued offering costs |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | |||
Investment of cash in Trust Account | ( | ||
Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | |||
Proceeds from sale of Units, net of underwriting discounts paid | | ||
Proceeds from sale of Private Placements Warrants | | ||
Net cash provided by financing activities | | ||
Net Change in Cash |
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Cash – Beginning |
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Cash – Ending | $ | | |
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: |
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Accretion of Class A ordinary shares to redemption value | $ | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.
4
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Roman DBDR Acquisition Corp. II (the “Company”) is a blank check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted corporation on July 25, 2024. The Company was incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “Business Combination”). While the Company may pursue an initial Business Combination target in any stage of its corporate evolution or in any industry or sector, the Company intends to focus its initial search on companies in the cybersecurity, artificial intelligence or financial technology industries.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company has not commenced any operations. All activity for the period from July 25, 2024 (inception) through March 31, 2025 relates to the Company’s formation and the initial public offering (the “Initial Public Offering” or “IPO”), which is described below, and subsequent to the Initial Public Offering, identifying a target company for a Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of its initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company will generate non-operating income in the form of interest income from the proceeds derived from the Initial Public Offering. The Company has selected December 31 as its fiscal year end.
The registration statement for the Initial Public Offering was declared effective on December 12, 2024. On December 16, 2024, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of an aggregate of
Transaction costs related to the IPO and the full exercise of the over-allotment option amounted to $
On January 23, 2025, the underwriters exercised the over-allotment option in full, and on January 27, 2025, purchased an additional
On January 31, 2025, the Company announced that, commencing on February 3, 2025, the holders of the Units issued in the Initial Public Offering may elect to separate the Public Shares and the Public Warrants included in the Units. No fractional Public Warrants were issued upon separation of the Units and only whole Public Warrants trade. Any Units not separated continue to trade on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “DRDBU.” The Public Shares and the Public Warrants trade on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbols “DRDB” and “DRDBW,” respectively.
The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be generally applied toward consummating a Business Combination.
The Business Combination must be with one or more target businesses that together have a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the net balance in the Trust Account (excluding taxes payable) at the time of the signing an agreement to enter into a Business Combination. However, the Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-Business Combination company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). There is no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully effect a Business Combination.
5
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering on December 16, 2024, and the full exercise of the over-allotment option on January 27, 2025 an amount of $
The Company will provide the Company’s Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares upon the completion of the initial Business Combination either (i) in connection with a general meeting called to approve the initial Business Combination or (ii) without a shareholder vote by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek shareholder approval of a proposed initial Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in its discretion. The Public Shareholders will be entitled to redeem their shares at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, subject to the limitations. The amount in the Trust Account was initially $
The ordinary shares subject to redemption were recorded at a redemption value and classified as temporary equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.”
The Company will have only the duration of the Completion Window to complete the initial Business Combination. However, if the Company is unable to complete its initial Business Combination within the Completion Window, the Company will as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (less taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will constitute full and complete payment for the Public Shares and completely extinguish Public Shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation or other distributions, if any), subject to the Company’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and subject to the other requirements of applicable law.
The Sponsor, officers and directors have entered into a letter agreement with the Company, pursuant to which they have agreed to (i) waive their redemption rights with respect to their founder shares (“Founder Shares”) and Public Shares in connection with the completion of the initial Business Combination; (ii) waive their redemption rights with respect to their Founder Shares and Public Shares in connection with a shareholder vote to approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association; (iii) waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to their Founder Shares if the Company fails to complete the initial Business Combination within the Completion Window, although they will be entitled to liquidating
6
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any Public Shares they hold if the Company fails to complete the initial Business Combination within the Completion Window and to liquidating distributions from assets outside the Trust Account; and (iv) vote any Founder Shares held by them and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Initial Public Offering (including in open market and privately negotiated transactions, aside from shares they may purchase in compliance with the requirements of Rule 14e-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which would not be voted in favor of approving the Business Combination) in favor of the initial Business Combination.
The Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or Business Combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern
As of March 31, 2025, the Company had cash of $
NOTE 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for quarterly financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for quarterly financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.
The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025. The quarterly results for the three months ended March 31, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ended December 31, 2025 or for any future periods.
7
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Emerging Growth Company Status
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s condensed financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these condensed financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these condensed financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had $
Investments Held in Trust Account
At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were held in U.S. Treasury Bills. The Company accounts for its investments held in the Trust Account as trading securities under ASC 320, “Investments—Debt and Equity Securities,” where securities are presented at fair value in the accompanying condensed balance sheets. Unrealized gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of investments held in the Trust Account are included in interest earned on investments held in the Trust Account in the Company’s statement of operations.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage limit of $250,000. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Offering Costs
The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 5A, “Expenses of Offering.” Deferred offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees that are related to the Initial
8
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Public Offering. FASB ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” addresses the allocation of proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt into its equity and debt components. The Company applies this guidance to allocate Initial Public Offering proceeds from the Units between Class A ordinary shares and warrants, using the residual method by allocating Initial Public Offering proceeds first to assigned value of the warrants and then to the Class A ordinary shares. Offering costs allocated to the Class A ordinary shares were charged to temporary equity and offering costs allocated to the Public and Private Placement Warrants were charged to shareholders’ equity as Public and Private Placement Warrants after management’s evaluation was accounted for under equity treatment.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the condensed balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were
The Company is considered to be an exempted Cayman Islands company with no connection to any other taxable jurisdiction and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States. As such, the Company’s tax provision was
9
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statement of operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the balance sheets as current or non-current based on whether or not net cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheets date. The underwriters’ over-allotment option has been deemed to be a freestanding financial instrument indexed on the contingently redeemable shares and was accounted for as a liability pursuant to ASC 480 since the underwriters did not exercise their over-allotment option at the closing of Initial Public Offering.
Warrant Instruments
The Company accounted for the
Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption
The Public Shares contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with ASC 480-10-S99, the Company classifies Public Shares subject to redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in charges against additional paid-in capital (to the extent available) and accumulated deficit. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ equity section of the Company’s condensed balance sheets.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption reflected in the condensed balance sheets are reconciled in the following table:
10
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Number of | ||||
Class A | ||||
ordinary | Amount | |||
| shares |
| $ | |
Gross proceeds | | | ||
Less: |
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Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants | — | ( | ||
Proceeds allocated to Over-allotment Units | — | ( | ||
Class A ordinary shares issuance costs | — | ( | ||
Plus: | ||||
Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value | — | | ||
Class A Ordinary Shares subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2024 | | | ||
Gross proceeds from exercise of Over-allotment Units | | | ||
Less: | ||||
Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants | — | ( | ||
Class A ordinary shares issuance costs | — | ( | ||
Plus: | ||||
Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value | — | | ||
Class A Ordinary Shares subject to possible redemption, March 31, 2025 | | |
11
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Net Income Per Ordinary Share
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Net income per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the period. Accretion associated with the redeemable Class A ordinary shares is excluded from earnings per share as the redemption value approximates fair value.
The calculation of diluted income per share does not consider the effect of the warrants issued in connection with the (i) Initial Public Offering, and (ii) private placement since the exercise of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future events. The warrants are exercisable to purchase
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income per ordinary share (in dollars, except per share amounts):
For the Three Months Ended | ||||||
March 31, | ||||||
2025 | ||||||
Class A | Class B non- | |||||
| redeemable |
| redeemable | |||
Numerator: | ||||||
Allocation of net income | $ | | $ | | ||
Denominator: | ||||||
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | | | ||||
Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share | $ | | $ | | ||
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require disclosures, on an annual and quarterly basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating officer decision maker (“CODM”), as well as the aggregate amount of other segment items included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The ASU requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Public entities will be required to provide all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 in quarterly periods, and entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and quarterly periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU required the Company to provide additional disclosure, but otherwise it does not materially impact the condensed financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. This standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions, and will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its condensed financial statements.
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed financial statements.
12
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
NOTE 3. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering, on December 16, 2024, the Company sold
Warrants
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were
The Company will not be obligated to deliver any Class A ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of a warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A ordinary shares underlying the warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current. No warrant will be exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue a Class A ordinary share upon exercise of a warrant unless the Class A ordinary share issuable upon such warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the warrants. In the event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a warrant, the holder of such warrant will not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle any warrant. In the event that a registration statement is not effective for the exercised warrants, the purchaser of a Unit containing such warrant will have paid the full purchase price for the Unit solely for the Class A ordinary share underlying such Unit.
Under the terms of the warrant agreement (“Warrant Agreement”), the Company has agreed that, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than
Notwithstanding the above, if the Class A ordinary shares are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company so elects, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement.
The Company may redeem the outstanding warrants:
13
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Additionally, if the number of outstanding Class A ordinary shares is increased by a share capitalization payable in Class A ordinary shares, or by a subdivision of ordinary shares or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such share capitalization, subdivision or similar event, the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable on exercise of each warrant will be increased in proportion to such increase in the outstanding ordinary shares. A rights offering made to all or substantially all holders of ordinary shares entitling holders to purchase Class A ordinary shares at a price less than the fair market value will be deemed a share capitalization of a number of Class A ordinary shares equal to the product of (i) the number of Class A ordinary shares actually sold in such rights offering (or issuable under any other equity securities sold in such rights offering that are convertible into or exercisable for Class A ordinary shares) and (ii) the quotient of (x) the price per Class A ordinary share paid in such rights offering and (y) the fair market value. For these purposes (i) if the rights offering is for securities convertible into or exercisable for Class A ordinary shares, in determining the price payable for Class A ordinary shares, there will be taken into account any consideration received for such rights, as well as any additional amount payable upon exercise or conversion and (ii) fair market value means the volume weighted average price of Class A ordinary shares as reported during the
In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of the initial Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $
NOTE 4. PRIVATE PLACEMENT
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor and B. Riley purchased an aggregate of
The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants sold in the Initial Public Offering except that, so long as they are held by the Sponsor, B. Riley, or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants (i) may not (including the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of these Private Placement Warrants), subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold by the holders until
14
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
The Sponsor, officers and directors have entered into a letter agreement with the Company, pursuant to which they have agreed to (i) waive their redemption rights with respect to their Founder shares and Public Shares in connection with the completion of the initial Business Combination; (ii) waive their redemption rights with respect to their Founder Shares and Public Shares in connection with a shareholder vote to approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with the initial Business Combination or to redeem
NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Founder Shares
On July 25, 2024, the Company issued an aggregate of
The Sponsor has agreed not to transfer, assign or sell any of its Founder Shares and any Class A ordinary shares issued upon conversion thereof until the earlier to occur of (i)
Promissory Note — Related Party
The Sponsor agreed to loan the Company an aggregate of up to $
Administrative Services Agreement
On December 12, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with the Sponsor stipulating that commencing on December 13, 2024 and through the earlier of the Company’s consummation of a Business Combination and its liquidation, to pay an aggregate of $
15
ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Related Party Loans
In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor or certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (the “Working Capital Loans”). If the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds from the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans. Up to $
NOTE 6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Risks and Uncertainties
The United States and global markets are experiencing volatility and disruption following the geopolitical instability resulting from the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and the recent escalation in the Middle East. In response to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) deployed additional military forces to eastern Europe, and the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and other countries have announced various sanctions and restrictive actions against Russia, Belarus and related individuals and entities, including the removal of certain financial institutions from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication payment system. Certain countries, including the United States, have also provided and may continue to provide military aid or other assistance to Ukraine and to Israel, increasing geopolitical tensions among a number of nations. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia and the escalation in the Middle East and the resulting measures that have been taken, and could be taken in the future, by NATO, the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Israel and its neighboring states and other countries have created global security concerns that could have a lasting impact on regional and global economies. Although the length and impact of the ongoing conflicts are highly unpredictable, they could lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions and increased cyberattacks against U.S. companies. Additionally, any resulting sanctions could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets.
Any of the above mentioned factors, or any other negative impact on the global economy, capital markets or other geopolitical conditions resulting from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the escalation in the Middle East and subsequent sanctions or related actions, could adversely affect the Company’s search for an initial Business Combination and any target business with which the Company may ultimately consummate an initial Business Combination.
Registration Rights
The holders of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and the Class A ordinary shares underlying such Private Placement Warrants and Private Placement Warrants and warrants that may be issued upon conversion of the Working Capital Loans will have registration rights to require the Company to register a sale of any of the Company’s securities held by them and any other securities of the Company acquired by them prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination pursuant to a registration rights agreement to be signed on the effective date of the Initial Public Offering. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to
Underwriting Agreement
Under the underwriting agreement (“Underwriting Agreement”), the underwriters had a
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ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
The underwriters were entitled to a cash underwriting discount of $
Business Combination Marketing Agreement
The Company has engaged B. Riley as an advisor in connection with the Business Combination to assist the Company in arranging meetings with the shareholders to discuss the potential Business Combination and the target business’ attributes, introduce the Company to potential investors that may be interested in purchasing securities, assist in obtaining shareholder approval for the Business Combination and assist the Company with the preparation of press releases and public filings in connection with the Business Combination. The Company will pay B. Riley for such services upon the consummation of the initial Business Combination a cash fee in an amount equal to
NOTE 7. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preference Shares
The Company is authorized to issue a total of
Class A Ordinary Shares
The Company is authorized to issue a total of
Class B Ordinary Shares
The Company is authorized to issue a total of
The Founder Shares will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of the initial Business Combination or earlier at the option of the holder on a one-for-
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ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
Holders of record of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares are entitled to
NOTE 8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:
Level 1:Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2:Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3:Unobservable inputs based on assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:
March 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| Level |
| 2025 |
| 2024 | |||
Assets: | ||||||||
Investments held in Trust Account | 1 | $ | | $ | | |||
Liability: | ||||||||
Fair value of over-allotment liability | 3 | $ | — | $ | | |||
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ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
The over-allotment option was accounted for as a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40 and was presented within liabilities on the condensed balance sheets. The over-allotment option liability is measured at fair value at December 31, 2024 and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of over-allotment option liability in the statement of operations.
The Company used a Black-Scholes model to value the over-allotment option. The over-allotment option liability was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at the measurement dates due to the use of unobservable inputs inherent in pricing models and assumptions related to expected share-price volatility, expected life and risk-free interest rate. The Company estimates the volatility of its ordinary share based on historical volatility that matches the expected remaining life of the over-allotment option. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the over-allotment option. The expected life of the over-allotment option is assumed to be equivalent to its remaining contractual term.
The key inputs into the Black-Scholes model were as follows at initial measurement of the over-allotment option:
January 27, |
| |||
| 2025 |
| ||
Risk-free interest rate | | % | ||
Expected term (years) | | |||
Expected volatility | | % | ||
Exercise price | $ | | ||
December 31, |
| |||
| 2024 |
| ||
Risk-free interest rate | | % | ||
Expected term (years) | | |||
Expected volatility | | % | ||
Exercise price | $ | | ||
The fair value of Public Warrants was determined using a Monte Carlo Simulation Model. The Public Warrants have been classified within shareholders’ equity and will not require remeasurement after issuance.
The following table presents the quantitative information regarding market assumptions used in the valuation of the Public Warrants:
December 16, | ||||
| 2024 | |||
Estimated share price | $ | | ||
Exercise price | $ | | ||
Term (years) | | |||
Annual risk-free rate | | % | ||
Annual volatility after expected Business Combination date | | % | ||
NOTE 9. SEGMENT INFORMATION
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their condensed financial statements information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM), or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.
The Company’s CODM has been identified as the Chief Financial Officer, who reviews the operating results for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company only has
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ROMAN DBDR ACQUISITION CORP. II
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
The Company is a blank check company formed for the purpose of effecting a Business Combination. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had not commenced any operations. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of its initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company will generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on cash and cash equivalents from the proceeds derived from the Initial Public Offering, which are held in the Trust Account, and non-operating income or expense from the changes in the fair value of over-allotment liability, which is not considered a measure of financial performance used by the CODM.
When evaluating the Company’s performance and making key decisions regarding resource allocation the CODM reviews several key metrics, which include the following:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||
| 2025 | ||
General and administrative expenses | $ | | |
Interest earned on the Trust Account | $ | | |
Net income | $ | | |
Total assets | $ | | |
The key measures of segment profit or loss reviewed by our CODM are interest earned on investment in the Trust Account and formation and operating expenses. The CODM reviews interest earned on investments held in the Trust Account to measure and monitor shareholder value and determine the most effective strategy of investment with the Trust Account funds while maintaining compliance with the trust agreement. Within the operating expenses, the CODM specifically reviews professional service fees, which are a significant segment expense, and include legal fees and advisory fees. These expenses are monitored to manage and forecast cash available to complete a Business Combination within the required period. Other general and administrative expenses, including accounting expenses, printing expenses, and regulatory filing fees, are reviewed in the aggregate to ensure alignment with budget and contractual obligations. Funds invested in the Trust Account represent the predominant portion of the Company’s total assets and are monitored by the CODM to determine the most effective strategy of investment with the Trust Account funds, while maintaining compliance with the trust agreement.
NOTE 10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the condensed balance sheets date up to the date that the condensed financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the condensed financial statements.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
References in this report (the “Quarterly Report”) to “we,” “us” or the “Company” refer to Roman DBDR Acquisition Corp. II. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors, and references to the “Sponsor” refer to Roman DBDR Acquisition Sponsor II LLC. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Exchange Act that are not historical facts and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected and projected. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q including, without limitation, statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding the completion of the Proposed Business Combination (as defined below), the Company’s financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “seek” and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance, but reflect management’s current beliefs, based on information currently available. A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from the events, performance and results discussed in the forward-looking statements, including that the conditions of the Proposed Business Combination are not satisfied. For information identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the Risk Factors section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company’s securities filings can be accessed on the EDGAR section of the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, the Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Overview
We are a blank check company incorporated on July 25, 2024 as a Cayman Islands exempted company and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or other similar Business Combination with one or more businesses. We intend to effectuate our Business Combination using cash derived from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement, the proceeds of the sale of our Ordinary Shares in connection with our initial Business Combination (pursuant to any forward purchase agreements or backstop agreements into which we may enter), Ordinary Shares issued to the owners of the target, debt issued to bank or other lenders or the owners of the target, other securities issuances, or a combination of the foregoing.
We expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of our acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to complete a Business Combination will be successful.
We may seek to extend the combination period, which is the 24-month period from the closing of the Initial Public Offering to December 16, 2026, that we have to consummate an initial Business Combination (“Combination Period”), consistent with applicable laws, regulations and stock exchange rules by amending our Amended and Restated Charter. Such an amendment would require the approval of our Public Shareholders, who will be provided the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares in connection with the vote on such approval. Such redemptions will decrease the amount held in our Trust Account and our capitalization, and may affect our ability to maintain our listing on Nasdaq. In addition, the Nasdaq Rules currently require SPACs (such as us) to complete our initial Business Combination in accordance with the requirement pursuant to the Nasdaq rules that a SPAC must complete one or more Business Combinations within 36 months following the effectiveness of its IPO registration statement (the “Nasdaq 36-Month Requirement”). If we do not meet the Nasdaq 36-Month Requirement, our securities will likely be subject to a suspension of trading and delisting from Nasdaq.
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Recent Developments
On January 23, 2025, the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering exercised the over-allotment option in full, and on January 27, 2025, purchased an additional 3,000,000 Units (“Option Units”). The Option Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per Option Unit, generating gross proceeds to us of $30,000,000. In connection with the full exercise of the over-allotment option, the Sponsor and B. Riley, the representative of the underwriters in the Initial Public Offering, purchased an additional 750,000 Private Placement Warrants in the aggregate at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, generating total gross proceeds of $750,000. Following the full exercise of the over-allotment option and the closing of the Private Placement, an aggregate amount of $30,150,000 was deposited into the Trust Account.
Our Units commenced public trading on December 13, 2024, and our Public Shares and Public Warrants commenced separate public trading on February 3, 2025.
Results of Operations
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities from July 25, 2024 (inception) through March 31, 2025 were organizational activities and those necessary to prepare for and consummate the Initial Public Offering, and following the closing of the Initial Public Offering, searching for a target with which to consummate a Business Combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our Business Combination. We generate non - operating income in the form of interest income on investments held in the Trust Account. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we had net income of $2,214,005, which consisted of interest earned on investments held in the Trust Account of $2,286,602, as well as change in fair value of over - allotment liability of $268,783, offset by formation and operating costs of $341,380.
Factors That May Adversely Affect our Results of Operations
Our results of operations and our ability to complete an initial Business Combination may be adversely affected by various factors that could cause economic uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets, many of which are beyond our control. Our results of operations and our ability to consummate an initial Business Combination could be impacted by, among other things, downturns in the financial markets or in economic conditions, increases in oil prices, inflation, fluctuations in interest rates, increases in tariffs, supply chain disruptions, declines in consumer confidence and spending, public health considerations, and geopolitical instability, such as the military conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East. We cannot at this time predict the likelihood of one or more of the above events, their duration or magnitude or the extent to which they may negatively impact our business and our ability to complete an initial Business Combination.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Until the consummation of the Initial Public Offering, our only source of liquidity was an initial purchase of Class B Ordinary Shares by the Sponsor and loans from the Sponsor.
On July 25, 2024, the Sponsor agreed to loan us up to $300,000 to cover expenses related to the Initial Public Offering pursuant to the IPO Promissory Note. This loan was non-interest bearing and payable on the earlier of March 31, 2025 or the completion of the Initial Public Offering. On December 16, 2024, upon the consummation of the Initial Public Offering, the IPO Promissory Note was repaid in full at the closing of the Initial Public Offering and the IPO Promissory Note is no longer accessible.
On December 16, 2024, we consummated the Initial Public Offering of 20,000,000 Units at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $200,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, we consummated the sale of an aggregate of 7,385,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, in the Private Placement to the Sponsor and B. Riley, generating gross proceeds of $7,385,000.
Following the Initial Public Offering and the full exercise of the over-allotment option, a total of $231,150,000 was placed in the Trust Account. We incurred $5,328,515 of offering expenses, consisting of $4,600,000 of cash underwriting fees and $728,515 of other offering costs. The proceeds held in the Trust Account are currently invested only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. The holding of these assets in this form is intended to be temporary and for the sole purpose of facilitating the intended Business Combination.
22
To mitigate the risk that we might be deemed to be an investment company for purposes of the Investment Company Act, which risk increases the longer that we hold investments in the Trust Account, we may, at any time (based on our management team’s ongoing assessment of all factors related to our potential status under the Investment Company Act), instruct the trustee to liquidate the investments held in the Trust Account and instead to hold the funds in the Trust Account in cash or in an interest-bearing demand deposit account at a bank.
On January 23, 2025, the underwriters exercised the over-allotment option in full, and on January 27, 2025, purchased an additional 3,000,000 Units pursuant to the full exercise of the over-allotment option. The over-allotment Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per share, generating gross proceeds to the Company of $30,000,000. In connection with the closing of the over-allotment option, the Sponsor and B. Riley purchased an additional 750,000 Private Placement Warrants in the aggregate at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, generating total gross proceeds of $750,000. Following the closing of the over-allotment option and the sale of additional Private Placement Warrants, an aggregate amount of $30,150,000 was deposited into the Trust Account.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash used in operating activities was $323,430. Net income of $2,214,005 was affected by the interest earned on investments held in the Trust Account of $2,286,602 and a change in the fair value of over-allotment option of $268,783. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $17,950 of cash from operating activities.
As of March 31, 2025, we had investments held in the Trust Account of $233,753,876. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the Trust Account, which interest shall be net of taxes payable, to complete our Business Combination. To the extent that our equity or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our Business Combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
As of March 31, 2025, we had cash of $948,498. We use the funds held outside the Trust Account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a Business Combination.
In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor, or certain of our officers and directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan us Working Capital Loans as may be required. If we complete a Business Combination, we would repay such Working Capital Loans. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay any Working Capital Loans, but no proceeds from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such Working Capital Loans may be convertible into warrants of the post-Business Combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender. These warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. The terms of such Working Capital Loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such Working Capital Loans.
We do not believe we will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business for at least the next 12 months. However, if our estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a Business Combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our Business Combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our Business Combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our Public Shares upon consummation of our Business Combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such Business Combination.
Contractual Obligations
We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities, other than as set forth below.
Administrative Services Agreement
Commencing on December 13, 2024, and until completion of our initial Business Combination or liquidation, we pay our Sponsor $10,000 per month for certain office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement. The Company incurred and paid $30,000 for administrative services for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
23
Underwriting Agreement
The underwriters of the Initial Public Offering had a 45-day option from the date of the Initial Public Offering to purchase up to an additional 3,000,000 Option Units to cover over-allotments, if any. On January 23, 2025, the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering fully exercised the over-allotment option, and on January 27, 2025, purchased an additional 3,000,000 Option Units pursuant to such exercise. The Option Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per Option Unit, generating gross proceeds of $30,000,000.
Business Combination Marketing Agreement
We have engaged B. Riley as an advisor in connection with the Business Combination to assist us in arranging meetings with shareholders to discuss the potential Business Combination and the target business’ attributes, introduce us to potential investors that may be interested in purchasing securities, assist in obtaining shareholder approval for the Business Combination and assist us with the preparation of press releases and public filings in connection with the Business Combination. We will pay B. Riley for such services upon the consummation of the initial Business Combination a cash fee in an amount equal to 4.5% of the gross proceeds of the Initial Public Offering (exclusive of any applicable finders’ fees which might become payable). Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Marketing Agreement, no fee will be due if we do not complete an initial Business Combination.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of condensed financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgement. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
As of March 31, 2025, our critical estimates included estimates made by management in the calculation of the over-allotment liability, primarily related to the estimate of underlying stock volatility, taking into account that changes in such estimates could have material impact on the calculation of the over-allotment liability.
Current and anticipated future events might affect the determination of whether certain estimates are considered critical by management.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this Item.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (together, the “Certifying Officers”), or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Certifying Officers, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on the foregoing, our Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2025.
24
We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter of 2025 covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
None
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in this report include the risk factors described in our final prospectus for our Initial Public Offering filed with the SEC. As of the date of this Report, except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our final prospectus for our Initial Public Offering filed with the SEC.
Changes in international trade policies, tariffs and treaties affecting imports and exports may have a material adverse effect on our search for an initial Business Combination target or the performance or business prospects of a post-Business Combination company.
There have recently been significant changes to international trade policies and tariffs affecting imports and exports. Any significant increases in tariffs on goods or materials or other changes in trade policy could negatively affect our search for a target and/or our ability to complete our initial Business Combination.
Recently, the United States has implemented a range of new tariffs and increases to existing tariffs. In response to the tariffs announced by the United States, other countries have imposed, are considering imposing, and may in the future impose new or increased tariffs on certain exports from the United States. There is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and other countries with respect to trade policies, taxes, government regulations and tariffs, and we cannot predict whether, and to what extent, current tariffs will continue or trade policies will change in the future.
Tariffs, or the threat of tariffs or increased tariffs, could have a significant negative impact on certain businesses (either due to domestic businesses’ reliance on imported goods or dependence on access to foreign markets, or foreign businesses’ reliance on sales into the United States). In addition, retaliatory tariffs could have a significant negative impact on foreign businesses that rely on imports from the United States, and domestic businesses that rely on exporting goods internationally. These tariffs and threats of tariffs and other potential trade policy changes could negatively affect the attractiveness of certain initial Business Combination targets, or lead to material adverse effects on a post-Business Combination company. Among other things, historical financial performance of companies affected by trade policies and/or tariffs may not provide useful guidance as to the future performance of such companies, because future financial performance of those companies may be materially affected by new United States tariffs or foreign retaliatory tariffs, or other changes to trade policies. The business prospects of a particular target for a Business Combination could change even after we enter into a Business Combination agreement, as a result of tariffs or the threat of tariffs that may have a material impact on that target’s business, and it may be costly or impractical for us to terminate that Business Combination agreement. These factors could affect our selection of a Business Combination target.
25
We may not be able to adequately address the risks presented by these tariffs or other potential trade policy changes. As a result, we may deem it costly, impractical or risky to complete an initial Business Combination with a particular target or with a target in a particular industry or from a particular country. Consequently, the pool of potential target companies may be reduced, which could impair our ability to identify a suitable target and to complete an initial Business Combination. If we complete an initial Business Combination with such a target, the post-Business Combination company’s operations and financial results could be adversely affected as a result of tariffs or changes to trade policies, which may cause the market value of the securities of the post-Business Combination company to decline.
The share price of the post-Business Combination company may be less than the Redemption Price (as defined below) of our Public Shares.
Each Unit sold in our Initial Public Offering at an offering price of $10.00 per Unit consisted of one Public Share and one-half of one redeemable warrant. Of the proceeds we received from the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement and the full exercise of the over-allotment, $30,150,000 was placed in our Trust Account. We will provide our Public Shareholders the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares in connection with the completion of our initial Business Combination, and potentially upon the occurrence of certain other events prior to our initial Business Combination. We expect that the pro rata redemption price in any redemption will be approximately $10.05 per Public Share (the “Redemption Price”), representing a pro rata portion of our Trust Account without taking into account any interest or other income earned on such funds (less any withdrawals from such interest or income for taxes paid), although the Redemption Price may be less in certain circumstances. As a result, Public Shareholders who own our Public Shares on a redemption date can anticipate receiving the Redemption Price in connection with a redemption for each Public Share that they choose to redeem.
There can be no assurance that, after our initial Business Combination, our Public Shareholders would be able to sell their shares in the post-Business Combination company for the Redemption Price, or any higher price. We have not, as yet, entered into a definitive agreement with a target and are therefore unable to provide any assurances as to its financial condition, business prospects or potential risks. It is therefore possible that the share price of the post-Business Combination company may decline below the Redemption Price. In recent years, the share prices of many post-Business Combination companies have declined following a Business Combination. As a result, if our Public Shareholders continue to hold shares in the post-Business Combination company following our initial Business Combination, we cannot assure our shareholders that the trading price of such shares will be greater than the Redemption Price.
Certain agreements related to the Initial Public Offering may be amended, or their provisions waived, without shareholder approval.
Certain of the agreements related to the Initial Public Offering to which we are a party may be amended, or their provisions waived, without shareholder approval. Such agreements include the (i) Underwriting Agreement, (ii) Warrant Agreement, (iii) the registration rights agreement, (iv) the private placement warrants purchase agreements, and (v) the administrative services agreement. These agreements contain various provisions that our Public Shareholders might deem to be material. For example, our Underwriting Agreement contains certain lock-up provisions with respect to the Founder Shares and other securities held by our initial shareholders, Sponsor, officers and directors, subject to certain exceptions. Amendments or waivers to such agreements would require the consent of the applicable parties thereto and, in certain cases, the consent of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering. Any such modification, such as an amendment to shorten lock-up restrictions, may benefit our initial shareholders, Sponsor, officers and/or directors. Any such amendments would not require approval from our shareholders, may result in the completion of our initial Business Combination that may not otherwise have been possible, and may have an adverse effect on the value of an investment in our securities. For example, although we would not amend lock-up provisions to permit securities held by Sponsor to be freely sold prior to our initial Business Combination, we may amend such provisions to permit them to be freely sold after the Business Combination earlier than they would otherwise be permitted, which may have an adverse effect on the price of our securities.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
On January 23, 2025, the underwriters exercised the over-allotment option in full, and on January 27, 2025, purchased an additional 3,000,000 Option Units pursuant to the full exercise of the over-allotment option. The Option Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per share, generating gross proceeds to the Company of $30,000,000. In connection with the closing of the over-allotment option, the Sponsor and B. Riley, purchased an additional 750,000 Private Placement Warrants in the aggregate at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, generating total gross proceeds of $750,000. Following the closing of the over-allotment option and the sale of additional Private Placement Warrants, an aggregate amount of $30,150,000 was deposited into the Trust Account.
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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None
Item 5. Other Information
Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
No. |
| Description of Exhibit |
31.1* |
| |
31.2* |
| |
32.1** |
| |
32.2** |
| |
101.INS* |
| XBRL Instance Document |
101.SCH* |
| XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
101.CAL* |
| XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
101.DEF* |
| XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
101.LAB* |
| XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document |
101.PRE* 104 |
| XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document Cover Page Interactive Data File (Embedded as Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101) |
* | Filed herewith. |
** Furnished herewith
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